2026届高考英语二轮复习：词性与句子成分 课件(共27张PPT)

(共27张PPT)
Main Contents:
2.1 词性&句子成分
2.2 基本句型
2.3 并列句& 复合句
Lecture 2 初高衔接
英语知识基本框架
词法+句法
词汇量 小学+初中 1500~1600个单词和一定量的短语 高中阶段 必修 2000~2100
选择性必修 3000~3200
选修 4000~4200
A 读音 B 词义 C 词形 D 词性
判断词性：
从词类概念的本身出发
eg. tree run beautiful very eight a he
2. 从单词的构词法入手
eg. action teacher movement beautifully
3. 从句子成分来分析
英语知识基本框架
词法+句法
句法：
A 句子成分
B 基本句型（简单句）
C 并列句
D 复合句
中考：语法选择
高考：语法填空
词性判断是关键
Have you ___________(咨询) your lawyer about this
Knowing your ___________(长处) and weaknesses may be the most important characteristic to success.
You must make an a___________(道歉) to me for your impoliteness.
consulted
strengths
pology
词性判断是关键
高一：单词拼写题
________ is very important, so we should keep __________. (健康）
____________is very important, so we should keep __________. (诚实）
Health
healthy
Honesty
honest
I want to learn well about eye contact and have a good communicate with audience.
I am a little shy so that I afraid to talk in front of a lot of people.
I also not good at expressing …
communication
v
am
v
am
词性判断是关键
书面表达
Part 1 词性 & 句子成分
Read the definitions and examples below and try to understand the part of speech.
词性 定义 举例
名词(n.) 表抽象或具体的事物或任务的名称。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
动词(v.) 表示动作或状态的词。 If we take exercise, we can keep healthy.
词性
实词
虚词
能在句子中独立充当句子成分。
实词有: 名词、动词、形容词、副词、数词和代词。
在句中起辅助和连接等作用
虚词没有实在意义，一般不能充当句子成分，没有词形的变化
（冠词）+（adj.）+ n.
v.+ n. / n.+ v.
词性 定义 举例
形容词 (adj.) 修饰名词或代词的词。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
副词 (adv.) 修饰名词以外的所有词，包括副词本身。通常交代时间、地点、原因、程度等。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
时间副词：today, tomorrow, yesterday, always, often, now…
地点副词：here, there, down, up, down…
方式副词：slowly, badly, hard, fast…
程度副词：very, much, still, almost, too…
The innocent boy went to see his online friend yesterday. On seeing the ugly one, he quickly ran away.
词性
adj. + n.
Read the definitions and examples below and try to understand the part of speech.
词性 定义 举例
代词(pron.) 替代名词。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
数词(num.) 表示“多少”和“第几”（基数词、序数词） me, two, three, first, second, third, fourth
we/us/ourselves/that/it/what/everyone…
词性
词性 定义 举例
冠词(art.) 与名词一起出现，起限定作用。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
介词(prep.) 名词之前，表明其后的名词与别的词之间的关系（位置关系，时间关系,逻辑关系。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
You can finish your homework within one night.
①不定冠词a/an，表泛指
②定冠词the, 表特指
词性
虚词
在句中起辅助和连接等作用
虚词没有实在意义，一般不能充当句子成分，没有词形的变化
（冠词）+（adj.）+ n.
时间介词: at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until…
地点介词: at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside…
其它介词: by, with, about, except…
词性 定义 举例
连词 (conj.) 连接两个词语、短语或句子,分为并列连词和从属连词。 If we take effective notes, we can keep almost 100% of the information.
感叹词 (int.) 表示感情的词 oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)
并列连词: and, but, however, or, so, therefore…
从属连词: that, if, whether, when, since, as..
词性
虚词
在句中起辅助和连接等作用
虚词没有实在意义，一般不能充当句子成分，没有词形的变化
成分
a.主语
含义 例句
谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者 Bears will sometimes explore urban areas for food.
She was a very strong leader in some team activities.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
主语从句：
What you have said might hurt his feelings.
词性&句子成分
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
非谓语
句子
成分
谓语
含义 例句
描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态 Colleges want well-rounded people.
We donated 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
动词
（动词短语）
词性&句子成分
简单谓语: 由一个动词或动词短语构成；
复合谓语: 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成 (eg：should obey; didn’t forget…
Practice makes perfect.
找出句子的主语
The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
找出句子的谓语
All of us considered him honest.
We will make our school more beautiful.
We must do whatever the people wants us to do.
简单谓语
复合谓语
复合谓语
词性&句子成分
成分
宾语
含义 例句
动作的接受者 His wife has a strong personality.
We need to adopt an effective strategy to achieve it.
I love you so much; I just don’t like you anymore.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
宾语从句：Only you can decide who is the best choice.
句子
非谓语
成分
表语
含义 例句
在系动词后面，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。 I am a high school freshman.
The exchange rate is important for anyone wanting to travel to or study in a foreign country.
The book whose cover is red is mine.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
代词
表语从句：This was where we hold the dance party last time.
词性&句子成分
句子
非谓语
变化类: turn/become/go/grow/get
保持类: keep/remain/stay
感官类: feel/sound/taste…
be动词: am/are/is/was/were…
系动词
表“像是…”类: appear/seem…
词性&句子成分
Practice makes perfect.
挑出句子的宾语
1. People all over the world speak Chinese.
A B C D
2. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
A B 　　 　 C 　 Ｄ
3. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
挑出句子的表语
The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
2. Why is he worried about Jim
A B C D
词性&句子成分
成分
定语
含义 例句
描述名词或代词的修饰语 May I have your phone number
Students often tell teachers they have strong memories and don’t need to take notes because they can easily recall information.
形容词
名词
（名词短语）
定语从句： He is the boy that I like.
名词作定语，表明功能和用途eg. apple tree, shopping mall
句子
成分
状语
含义 例句
修饰除名词以外的成分。常见的是用来修饰句子、动词、形容词或者副词。 If we take notes effectively, …
The little boy sat there, crying.
副词
状语从句: You can get good grades if you study hard.
词性&句子成分
句子
成分
宾补
含义 例句
补充说明宾语的情况 They made him king.
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
非谓语
作定语 or 作状语
介词短语的功能
作状语
作定语
作定语
作状语
Please write a composition on the notebook.
Please check the composition on the notebook.
Don’t look at the answers on the blackboard.
Don’t write the answers on the blackboard.
Conclusion
介词短语作状语，修饰的是动词或者句子，可放句首、句中和句末
介词短语作定语，修饰的是名词（词组），跟在名词后
辨 辨 辨
词性&句子成分
成分
宾补
含义 例句
补充说明宾语的情况 They made him king.
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
I saw a little boy crying over there.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
非谓语
成分
同位语
含义 例句
说明或解释另一个同等位置上表示同一事物的成分； 多放于其说明的名词/代词之后 We, Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
Miss Chen, a beautiful lady, is our English teacher.
名词
（名词短语）
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
Practice makes perfect.
The students got on the school bus.
They went hunting together early in the morning.
The apples tasted sweet.
He handed me the newspaper.
I took many photos of our school.
主语
定语
状语
状语
表语
谓语
宾语
连词成句
The dog
and
rushed towards
yesterday
bit (bite的过去式)
him
badly
a man
名词(短语)
动词(短语)
代词
连词
副词
The dog rushed towards a man and bit him badly yesterday.
词性&句子成分
See you next week ~