Unit 1 Science Fiction Review 课件(共30张PPT)-人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册

(共30张PPT)
Review Useful Structures
UNIT 1
SCIENCE FICTION
UNIT 1
SCIENCE FICTION
1. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.
过去将来时的被动形式，构成：was/were going to＋ be＋ done
2. All the work has been finished by now.
现在完成时的被动形式，构成：has/have ＋ been ＋ done
3. Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing.
过去进行时的被动形式，构成：was/were ＋ being ＋ done
4. You are invited to make a speech in our school.
一般现在时的被动形式，构成:is/are ＋done
5. Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.
不定式一般式的被动形式，构成:to＋ be ＋ done
Please read the following sentences from the reading text and think about their structures.
被动时态：be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来
一、被动语态的相关概念
1. 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。
2. 英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，
而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。
指出句中的执行者和承受者。
Some trees are planted by us every year.
3. 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
承受者
执行者
We plant these trees.
These trees are planted by us.
二、主动句与被动句的转换
主语
宾语
主语
宾语
由主动变被动的方法
s.(主格）+v. +o.（宾格）→
o.（主格）+be+ p.p.+ {by +s.(宾格)}
写出下列动词的过去式与过去分词
1. build
2. speak
3. eat
4. break
5. give
6. grow
7. write
8. think
9. love
10. water
built built
spoke spoken
ate eaten
broke broken
gave given
grew grown
wrote written
thought thought
loved loved
watered watered
Practice
熟背课本
P117-118
《不规则动词表》
1.His brother washes bowls every day.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
Bowls
are washed
by
his brother
every day.
三，将句子改为被动语态
2.He looked after the little baby yesterday.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The little baby
was looked after
by
him
yesterday .
3.Tom will clean the room tomorrow.
主
谓
宾(受动者)
The room
will be cleaned
by
Tom
tomorrow.
4. Amy can take good care of Gina ．
Gina can be taken good care of by Amy.
5. Some workers are painting the rooms now．
The rooms are being painted by some workers now.
6. I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night．
My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night.
7.We have made twenty more keys．
Twenty more keys have been made by us.
四、各种时态的被动语态构成
一般现在时：
一般过去时：
情态动词：
一般将来时：
现在进行时：
现在完成时：
过去进行时：
过去完成时：
S+ am/is /are +done
S+ was/were +done
S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done
S+ will + be + done
S+ am/is/are + being + done
S+ have/has + been+ done
S+ was/were + being + done
S+ had been +done
1 What is done cannot _________. (undo)
2 Janet ______________ chairwoman of the student union last month. (elect)
3 Two hundred grammes of flour should ___________ to the cake mix. (add)
4 A 3,000-seat venue ______________ for the circus performance in November. (build)
Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets. Then try to translate these sentences into Chinese.
undone
was elected
be added
will be built
5 Working efficiency ______________________since this new software was adopted. (improve)
6 Only one piece of carry-on luggage ____________ for each economy class passenger. (allow)
7 It is a great honour for me to ____________ to address this international AI conference. (invite)
8 When I entered the room, I found that the salesman's salary ________________________at the meeting. (discuss)
9 With exams being adapted into Braille, a blind senior high school student scored 630 points out of 650 in the College Entrance Exanimation. He is expected to ______________ to a top university. (admit)
has been improved
is allowed
be invited
was being discussed
be admitted
五、被动语态特殊情况
当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补), 并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”
1)They make us do all the work.
被动句：We are made to do all the work by them.
2) We often hear her sing songs.
被动句：She is often heard to sing songs by us.
3)I saw him walk to school.
被动句：He was seen to walk to school by me.
这些动词，主动句中to离开，被动句中to回来.（ let ，have ，make，feel，see ,watch, hear, notice…)
六、主动表示被动的情况：
　1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, sell, run等。这些动词常与副词smoothly, easily, well, badly等连用。例如：
The machine runs well.
This pen writes quite smoothly.
This kind of book sells well.
　2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：
—Do you like the material
—Yes, it ________(feel) very soft.
Your idea sounds reasonable.
What he said proved to be correct.
feels
3.在need ,want,require,deserve等词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。
The matter needs looking into.
The matter needs to be looked into.
4. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。但可用be worthy to be done或 be worthy of being done
His suggestion is not worth considering.
The film is well worth seeing.
The film is worthy to be seen/ of being seen.
5.不定式在difficult, easy, hard, safe, good, fit, light等形容词之后作状语，且和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。
The book is easy to understand.
The morning air is fresh to breathe.
The girl is easy to get along with.
6.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，用主动式表被动义。
She has something to say.
I will give him something to drink.
7.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备，解雇等，此类常用的动词有let, hire, blame等。
Am I to blame 我该受罚吗
The house is to let. 这房屋出租。
8.非谓语动词的被动情况。
The house to be built next year is our lab.
The house being built now is our lab.
The house built last year is our lab.
1. The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city during the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored.
2. The little home ____________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it.
was built
was painted
Practice
1．“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it means we have the chance
to obtain information about how the moon ________________
(construct)．”
2．The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed.
3．A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who __________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days.
is constructed
be chosen
had been trapped
4．When the time came to make the final decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that ________ (reflect) my interest.
5．More efforts, as reported, _______________ (make)in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.
6．Two years ago, while Cathy ________________ (watch) the Olympics, a dream came into her sweet little head—to be a swimmer.
reflected
will be made
was watching
1. 这本书是鲁迅写的。
This book was written by Lu Xun.
2. 我的电脑正在被维修。
My computer is being repaired.
3. 这个箱子可以用成桌子。
The box can be used as a table.
4. 教室每天都应该打扫。
The classroom should be cleaned every day.
5. 得知北京冬奥会需要志愿者，我写信来申请这个职位。
Learning that volunteers for Beijing Olympic Games are needed, I’m writing to apply for this position.
In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs, ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows, 1.________ (receive) both commercial success and public attention.Their popularity is 2.________ (main) based on simple facts.First, they care 3.________ social concerns.Second, without exception, they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights, much room 4.________ (leave) for improvement.Above all, commercial interests often outweigh 5.________ (education) purposes, causing many complaints about the unbearable advertisements.In addition, some sharp remarks, 6.________ they are eye catching, may have misleading effects on the youth.In 7.________ (I) opinion, such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8.________ (entertain) the public. 9.________ is expected, these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile, the 10.________ (medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.
have received
mainly
about
is left
educational
though
my
entertaining
As
media
Read the introduction to a science fiction novel and complete the passage using the correct forms of the words in the box.
explore translate discover regard represent
set up recruit write get caught up connect
Science fiction _____________ by many people as a mirror through which our future can be freely imagined and ____________________. The Three-Body Problem, _________ by Chinese writer Liu Cixin, is one of those astonishing predictions about the future.
is regarded
explored/ represented
written
The work was first published in a Chinese sci-fi magazine in 2006 and printed as a three-volume book in 2008. When the first volume _________________ into English by Chinese-American author Ken Liu, it attracted attention around the world, becoming the first Asian winner of the Hugo Award for Best Novel. The book ___________________ many themes such as space exploration, alien contact, AI, and the future of humans.
was translated
represents
The Three-Body Problem begins with the stories of two unrelated people, Ye Wenjie and Wang Miao. Ye _____________ to join a secret project in a remote area of China, which _____________ to contact alien life forms. In the other story, set 20 years later, Wang Miao ______________ in a popular online game called "Three Body", in which people live on an unknown planet with three suns. But Wang discovers it is more than a game — it uncovers a great danger threatening human existence.
is recruited
has been set up
gets caught up
How are these two people's stories ____________ And how will their behaviour change Earth's future and the civilisations of other planets Answers to all these questions are waiting to ________________ when you go on reading.
connected
be discovered