Unit 5 Launching Your Career Review useful structures课件(共69张PPT，内镶嵌2视频)人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
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| 名称 | Unit 5 Launching Your Career Review useful structures课件(共69张PPT，内镶嵌2视频)人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-05 01:00:25 | ||
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(共69张PPT)
UNIT 5
LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
Review useful structures
To learn something about compound sentences and complex sentences
To learn to change simple sentences into long sentences
To read two profiles and write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire
英语词类
实词
虚词
形容词
动词
名词
副词
冠词
介词
代词
连词
adj.
content words
functional words
v.
n.
adv.
art.
prep.
pron.
conj.
数词
num.
感叹词
interj.
探究发现
She likes music._________
The girl is pretty_________
Everybody laughs._________
He gave me a gift.__________
We keep the table clean.________
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
句子成分：
主语，谓语，宾语，
表语，同位语
定语，状语，补语，
词性
n. v. adj. adv.
prep. conj.
代词 冠词 感叹词 数词
一、简单句
简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)，(也可能有宾语)构成的句子。例如：
eg. Henry often reads English aloud in the morning.
Tom and Mary are American locals.
(并列主语，只有一个谓语)
Frank often goes and skates with Tom in the winter.
(只有一个主语，并列谓语)
Shelly likes drawing and often draws pictures for the school magazines.
(并列谓语，只有一个主语)
语法精析
简单句成分分析
【观察下面五种句型，归纳句型结构】
She likes music._______________________
The girl is pretty_______________________
Everybody laughs._____________________
He gave me a gift._____________________
We keep the table clean.________________
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
二、并列句
1. 定义
包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词，如and, but, or, so等或分号来连接。例如：
eg. The food was delicious, but he had little appetite this morning.
One of the clock’s hands is short; the other two are long.
2. 并列句的分类
1) 表并列关系，连接词有：and, not only...but also, neither...nor, both...and, not...but…. etc.
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects.
2) 表转折关系：but, yet, whereas, nevertheless (但是；然而)
Han likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday.
Jenny said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the shop just now.
3. 表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either...or
Hurry up, or we’ll miss the first train to Shanghai.
-- Either you are mad or I am. --- Both, sir.
4. 表因果关系：for, so
You’d better stay at home, for it was raining outside and a bit cold.
Henry hadn’t studied very hard, so he failed in the final exam.
5. 表对比关系： while
I do almost all of our housework while my husband Tom just helps me to clean floors now and then.
6. 祈使句＋and/or ＋简单句
祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句多用一般将来时态。
Keep working hard, and you will achieve success.
继续努力，你就会成功的。
Never try to waste other people’s time, or we will be punished some day.
不要去浪费别人的时间，不然总有一天我们会受到惩罚。
①She’s not only a great dramatic actress ____________ she’s also very funny.
②He has plenty of money ____________ he can spend it freely.
③Leave it with me ____________ I will see what I can do with it.
④Don’t drive so fast ____________ you’ll have an accident.
⑤The shops were closed ____________ I didn’t get any milk.
在空白处填入适当的并列连词
but
and
and
or
so
三、复合句
1. 定义及结构：
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，可以是主语、宾语、定语或状语，但不能独立存在。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。例如：
Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished.
任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
What they will do hasn’t been decided.
我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。
2. 主从复合句的分类
根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1) 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
That English is of vital importance is not acknowledged by all. (主语从句)
It is unknown when they arrived. (主语从句)
Jack was informed that he should register by August. (宾语从句)
She asked me if/whether I liked swimming. (宾语从句)
The question is whether they have singed a contract. (表语从句)
The question is why he cried yesterday. (表语从句)
There is a rumour that he married a widow. (同位语从句)
The idea that money means everything is not right. (同位语)
2.定语从句
定语从句多由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
People who/that create computer viruses are called hackers.
It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词in＋which)
As we know, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there were several attempts to draft a civil code (起草民法典).
(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面)
3. 状语从句
用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。
I didn’t work it out until you had explained how. (时间状语从句)
Since/As the weather is bad, we have to delay our meeting. (原因状语从句)
You must speak a bit louder so that/in order that you can make yourself heard by all. (目的状语从句)
He is so young that he can’t go to school by himself. (结果状语从句)
As long as you are good in your health, nothing else matters. (条件状语从句)
Although it’s raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the fields. (让步状语从句)
三种
从句
类型
状语从句
定语从句
名词性从句
时间，原因，地点，比较，方式等状语从句
限制性、非限制性定语从句
主从，宾从，表从，同位从
引导词：when / since / the minute / where / because / so that /
as long as / unless / though / whatever / as ... as ...
关系词：who / whom / which / that / whose / when / where /
why / as ...
连接词：that / whether / if / what / when / which / why / how /
whichever ...
①It is still unknown ____________ team will win the match.
②The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand _________ they insist on going by motorbike.
③After three days’ waiting，there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind ________ the police could find her lost child.
④The fact ____________ he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
在空白处填入适当的引导词
which
why
whether
that
四、并列复合句
在并列句中，如果两个分句又含有一个或几个从句的话，那就成为更加复杂的并列复合句。例如：
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer, but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，但对于是人类活动导致了这种全球变暖，还是这只是一种自然现象，存在着激烈的争论。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句中都带有各种从句。
I admire Tim, but he doesn’t admire me, although I try hard to impress him.
我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。
Even if you fail, at least you try, and you are a better person for it.
即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。
前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。
Not only did Tom introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established.
汤姆不仅将120多种植物引进西方花园，还将20000株茶树从上海运到印度，在那里建立了成功的茶业。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。
达标练案
长难句分析
The English sentence
adj.
介词短语
adv.
n.
从句
定从
同位语
非谓语
并列结构
状从
名从
长难句首先要断开，进行简化，留下主干成分
（主谓；主谓宾；主系表；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补)；
去掉枝叶成分（各种插入语，从句，定状补同）
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）找标点；找连接词
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
【译文】如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有执照的动物园。那里的动物专家会确保挑选出来的考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。
① If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure (that) the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
【分析】该句的主干是一个主谓状结构（you have to go to zoos），if引导的是________从句，where后面直到句尾是个很长的________从句，修饰________。第一个that引导________从句，第二个that引导________从句。
【典例一】 翻译句子
条件状语
定语
zoos
宾语
宾语
【译文】但以任何标准看，这项工作对我们也是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。
②But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
【分析】这是长句，第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“__________”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“__________”结构的_________从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的_____从句。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是______关系，也都是“_______”结构。
【典例一】 翻译句子
主系表
主谓宾
原因状语
宾语
并列
主系表
【典例二】 People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory象牙 would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【分析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义可知，encourage和hurt 的主语是weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。【句意】
【
】
人们 担心【削弱(21年以来被禁止象牙交易的)禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少】。
【典例三】Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting记录 the fortunes财产 of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings; from the University of Sussex 作Economists的后置定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的后置定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting ...作project后置定语who引导定语从句,修饰先行词teenagers。
【句意】
（ ）
（ ）
[ ]
来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
【典例四】Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【分析】本句为复合句，句中Whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导的从句作介词of 的宾语。
【句意】
你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展有很大影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
【典例五】
The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.【分析】本句的主干The fact does not mean that ...emotions，其中，第一个that 引导是同位语从句。第二个that为宾从，其中as do members of another 是状语从句，助动词do 位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。【句意】
（一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感），这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
长难句种类及突破策略
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance , must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.
带有较多成分的简单句
突破策略：去枝叶，找主干，即主语和谓语
本句主干：the marketer must select the television programs and stations as well as the women’s magazines
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines,
现在分词完成形式的短语用作时间状语
toothpaste
定语
exact
specific
定语
定语
for instance
插入语
to be used
动词不定式修饰宾语
长难句种类及突破策略
含有多个简单句的并列句
In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale, had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和 5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时却很不开心。
突破策略：找并列连词或分号并注意省略的连词
本句有两个并列分句，由 but 连接，都是简单句。
Discrimination(歧视) isn't their only concern; almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington's gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age, and doctors can do nothing to help.
受到歧视并不是他们唯一担心的，几乎所有亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。
本句有三个均为简单句的分句，分别用了分号和 and 连接。
长难句种类及突破策略
含有多个从句的复合句
I can't live in fear of the possibility that as the earth's population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.
我不能生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长以及我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加负穷的生活。
突破策略：找从属连词判断从句，确定主句
本句主干是I can’t live in fear of the possibility
I can't live in fear of the possibility
that as... lives 是 that 引导的同位语从句
as...resources 是 as 引导的两个并列的原因状语从句
长难句种类及突破策略
含有插入成分的句子
The lack of right male role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人来评判自己。
突破策略：忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题
The lack
means
本两个破折号之间的 at home...environment 是插入成分
主句是 The lack... means
that their peers...against 是宾语从句，作动词 means 的宾语
长难句种类及突破策略
倒装句
Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside which stands a 160-foot-tall tree of life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160 英尺高的生命之树。
In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my respect.
在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了：我赢得了这次比赛，但伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。
Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun
省略句
(won)
(won)
本句是复合句。主句 Rising...the Sun 是倒装句，"主谓状"结构把现在分词短语提到句首，助动词 be 提到主语的前面，形成完全倒装；inside which引导定语从句，谓语动词 stands 提到主语前面形成完全倒装。
I the game中，I后面承前省略了 won; cousin Ed 后也是这样。
(1) 首先确定句子是简单句、复合句、并列句，还是并列复合句。
(2) 如果是简单句，首先确定主语和谓语，然后确定其他成分。
(3) 如果是并列句，首先找出并列连词，然后确定各个并列分句的主语和谓语及其他成分。
(4) 如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词确定从句，看成一个整体；然后确定主句(句首没有从属连词)，注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义。
(5) 若长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接连贯关系，尤其是句中有指代词的时候，除了弄清楚句子结构和语意逻辑外，有时还需要结合句子所在的上下文，分析明确长句中指代词的具体所指。
长难句分析步骤
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
访问政府网站，可以了解全年能帮助 30岁以下的人建立技能、找工作或创业的项目和在线工具。
谓语
不定式短语作目的状语
定语
动词不定式短语作定语
定语
省略to的不定式作宾补
时间状语
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket--19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
who引导定语从句
谓语
主语
宾语从句
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
如果你是生活在本省某些特定地区的青少年,你就符合这个项目的条件,它提供八个星期的带薪就业与培训。
条件状语从句
主句
现在分词短语作定语
非限制性定语从句
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions , it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
现有的研究宣称,你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭,实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而又高又瘦的人在一起进餐。
形容词短语 contrary to...作状语
定语从句
定语从句
主句+系动词
表语
定语从句,修饰beanpoles
(2014年全国卷I 阅读D篇)
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.
Many scholars are making efforts to ______
A. promote global languages.
B. rescue the disappearing languages.
C. search for languages communities.
D. set up languages research organizations.
B
【句意】为了防止语言流失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的许多组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临灭绝的语言和它们所反映的文化
（2020年全国II卷B篇）The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial空间的 skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人员分析了53对儿童-父母在家中日常活动的视频记录，并发现在26 - 46个月大的时候玩拼图的孩子比在54个月大的时候有更好的空间技能。
（2020年全国I卷C篇）
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, /which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,/ although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
根据大多数的计算结果，以每小时6英里的速度行走的竞走者，每小时会消耗800卡路里，消耗的热量大约是步行者的两倍，但是比跑步者要少，跑步者每小时大概可以消耗1000卡路里，甚至更多。
Exercise
单句语法填空
1. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another __________ (conclude).
2. The far side of the moon is of particular __________(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形), more so than the familiar near side.
3. He loved playing this instrument, and was __________ (commit) to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
4. They had nothing in common __________ me.
5. What is special with regard to Rezwan's project is that his organization makes the best __________ a bad situation.
conclusion
interest
committed
with
of
单句语法填空
6. Do not follow the people __________ make you feel not-good-enough.
7. While enjoying being close to nature, we began to help pick peaches __________(cover) every tree.
8. I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing __________ it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. .
9. It's about two sisters—Eri, a mode__________ either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.
10. Only at dinnertime __________ we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
who
covering
and
who
are
单句语法填空
11. No sooner did she leave my doorstep __________ I had emails from two women __________ kids go to my son's nursery and __________ recognized my face.
12. Erin had gone beyond __________ almost anyone would have done , finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.
13. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that __________ (know) how to read could open many doors.
than
whose
who
what
knowing
①It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.
[分析] 本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的_______________，后面为 从句，修饰先行词_________，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。
句意：________________________________________________
________________________________________________
训练检测
accomplishment
one
这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。
定语
②What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
[分析] 此句中What 引导的是________从句，作句子的 。此外，I had experienced in the past为____________从句，修饰先行词 。
句意：_______________________________________________
主语
定语
我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。
训练检测
主语
anything
③If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句。If引导的是____________从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导的____________从句。
句意：_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
条件状语
宾语
如果三年前有人告诉我我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。
训练检测
Find the following types of long sentences in the reading text.
A compound sentence B complex sentence C compound-complex sentence
A compound sentence
There are many free tests online, so give one a try. (para. 3)
So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now! (the last para.)
B complex sentence
(There are so many complex sentences. Here are just some.)
As an adult, one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is, “What do you do ” (para. 1)
The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education. (para. 2)
The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant’s overall work personality. (para. 5)
However, it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance. (the last para.)
The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about. (the last para.)
C compound-complex sentence
The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. (para. 1)
Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. (para. 2)
The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to. (para. 3)
The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, which is very useful for high school students. (para. 6)
For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future. (para. 6)
① Career guidance ought to be included at high school, and the school should also offer a work experience programme.
Career guidance ought to be included at high school, where a work experience programme should be also offered.
② Dreaming to become somebody great is easy, but / while working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
Although / Though / While dreaming to become somebody great is easy, working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
Change these simple sentences into long sentences. Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.
③ You never know where you’ll be working in the future, so learn as much as possible and study a foreign language, because it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
Since you never know where you’ll be working in the future, learn as much as possible and study a foreign language, and it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
④ Social occupations, which often involve helping or providing service, require communicating with people.
Social occupations require communicating with people, and often involve helping or providing service.
⑤ Many people believe that since AI is developing rapidly, lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Since AI is developing rapidly, many people believe that lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Advice on Making a Career Plan
____ A. The plan will require you to focus on ______ you want to do and _____ to achieve it.
____ B. A career plan makes you think about your future, including ______ careers interest you most and ____________ skills and trainings you will need to succeed.
____ C. Of course, the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan, _______ will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities ____________ become available to you.
____ D. Finally, for useful information on ______ to decide on careers and ______ to put in your CV, find some websites ___________ specialise in career advice or go to someone _____ can help.
____ E. Along with your career plan, you should also think about a CV, _______ is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and experiences.
____ F. These two things are ______ you should start thinking about right now, as they will safeguard your future, _______ is important to everyone.
Complete the sentences using what, which, that, who, and how. Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.
what
how
what
what/which
which
which/that
how
what
that/which
who
which
what
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
Karl Marx; 1818-1883; born in Germany, died in London; studied law and philosophy; philosopher and thinker, economist, historian, sociologist, revolutionary socialist; creator of Marxism, founder of international communism, co-writer of The Communist Manifesto
Read the two profiles below. Write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire. Try to make the sentences work together effectively.
Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818 and died in London in 1883. At university he studied law and philosophy, but he wore many hats in his long career: He was a philosopher and thinker, economist, historian, and sociologist. As a revolutionary socialist, he was the creator of Marxism, the founder of international communism, and the co-writer of The Communist Manifesto.
to have many jobs or roles
Zhong Yang (钟扬); 1964-2017; botanist, professor at Fudan University; dedicated his life to research on seeds; travelled to places which no other botanists had ever been to; spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seeds
Zhong Yang, who lived from 1964 to 2017, was a botanist. As a professor at Fudan University, he dedicated his life to research on seeds. Travelling to places which no other botanists had ever been to, he spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seeds.
UNIT 5
LAUNCHING YOUR CAREER
Review useful structures
To learn something about compound sentences and complex sentences
To learn to change simple sentences into long sentences
To read two profiles and write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire
英语词类
实词
虚词
形容词
动词
名词
副词
冠词
介词
代词
连词
adj.
content words
functional words
v.
n.
adv.
art.
prep.
pron.
conj.
数词
num.
感叹词
interj.
探究发现
She likes music._________
The girl is pretty_________
Everybody laughs._________
He gave me a gift.__________
We keep the table clean.________
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
句子成分：
主语，谓语，宾语，
表语，同位语
定语，状语，补语，
词性
n. v. adj. adv.
prep. conj.
代词 冠词 感叹词 数词
一、简单句
简单句是只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)，(也可能有宾语)构成的句子。例如：
eg. Henry often reads English aloud in the morning.
Tom and Mary are American locals.
(并列主语，只有一个谓语)
Frank often goes and skates with Tom in the winter.
(只有一个主语，并列谓语)
Shelly likes drawing and often draws pictures for the school magazines.
(并列谓语，只有一个主语)
语法精析
简单句成分分析
【观察下面五种句型，归纳句型结构】
She likes music._______________________
The girl is pretty_______________________
Everybody laughs._____________________
He gave me a gift._____________________
We keep the table clean.________________
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
二、并列句
1. 定义
包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词，如and, but, or, so等或分号来连接。例如：
eg. The food was delicious, but he had little appetite this morning.
One of the clock’s hands is short; the other two are long.
2. 并列句的分类
1) 表并列关系，连接词有：and, not only...but also, neither...nor, both...and, not...but…. etc.
I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
The new job is not a promotion as such, but it has good prospects.
2) 表转折关系：but, yet, whereas, nevertheless (但是；然而)
Han likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday.
Jenny said that she was ill, yet/but/whereas I saw her in the shop just now.
3. 表选择关系：or, otherwise, or else, either...or
Hurry up, or we’ll miss the first train to Shanghai.
-- Either you are mad or I am. --- Both, sir.
4. 表因果关系：for, so
You’d better stay at home, for it was raining outside and a bit cold.
Henry hadn’t studied very hard, so he failed in the final exam.
5. 表对比关系： while
I do almost all of our housework while my husband Tom just helps me to clean floors now and then.
6. 祈使句＋and/or ＋简单句
祈使句表示一个条件，and引导的简单句表示一个承接的结果，or引导的简单句表示一个相反的结果，简单句多用一般将来时态。
Keep working hard, and you will achieve success.
继续努力，你就会成功的。
Never try to waste other people’s time, or we will be punished some day.
不要去浪费别人的时间，不然总有一天我们会受到惩罚。
①She’s not only a great dramatic actress ____________ she’s also very funny.
②He has plenty of money ____________ he can spend it freely.
③Leave it with me ____________ I will see what I can do with it.
④Don’t drive so fast ____________ you’ll have an accident.
⑤The shops were closed ____________ I didn’t get any milk.
在空白处填入适当的并列连词
but
and
and
or
so
三、复合句
1. 定义及结构：
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，可以是主语、宾语、定语或状语，但不能独立存在。主句与从句之间用关联词连接起来。例如：
Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished.
任何违反法律的人都将受到惩罚。
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经开演了。
What they will do hasn’t been decided.
我们将要做什么还没有决定下来。
2. 主从复合句的分类
根据从句对主句的修饰、限定和补充作用，主从复合句主要分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1) 名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，因此可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
That English is of vital importance is not acknowledged by all. (主语从句)
It is unknown when they arrived. (主语从句)
Jack was informed that he should register by August. (宾语从句)
She asked me if/whether I liked swimming. (宾语从句)
The question is whether they have singed a contract. (表语从句)
The question is why he cried yesterday. (表语从句)
There is a rumour that he married a widow. (同位语从句)
The idea that money means everything is not right. (同位语)
2.定语从句
定语从句多由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
People who/that create computer viruses are called hackers.
It was an actor whose name escapes me for the moment.
A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
I’ll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
(when在从句中作状语，可替换成介词in＋which)
As we know, after the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there were several attempts to draft a civil code (起草民法典).
(as引导非限制性定语从句，可位于主句前面)
3. 状语从句
用作状语的从句很多，可以表示时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、目的、结果、比较、让步等。
I didn’t work it out until you had explained how. (时间状语从句)
Since/As the weather is bad, we have to delay our meeting. (原因状语从句)
You must speak a bit louder so that/in order that you can make yourself heard by all. (目的状语从句)
He is so young that he can’t go to school by himself. (结果状语从句)
As long as you are good in your health, nothing else matters. (条件状语从句)
Although it’s raining heavily, the farmers are still working in the fields. (让步状语从句)
三种
从句
类型
状语从句
定语从句
名词性从句
时间，原因，地点，比较，方式等状语从句
限制性、非限制性定语从句
主从，宾从，表从，同位从
引导词：when / since / the minute / where / because / so that /
as long as / unless / though / whatever / as ... as ...
关系词：who / whom / which / that / whose / when / where /
why / as ...
连接词：that / whether / if / what / when / which / why / how /
whichever ...
①It is still unknown ____________ team will win the match.
②The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand _________ they insist on going by motorbike.
③After three days’ waiting，there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind ________ the police could find her lost child.
④The fact ____________ he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
在空白处填入适当的引导词
which
why
whether
that
四、并列复合句
在并列句中，如果两个分句又含有一个或几个从句的话，那就成为更加复杂的并列复合句。例如：
There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer, but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon.
毫无疑问，地球正在变暖，但对于是人类活动导致了这种全球变暖，还是这只是一种自然现象，存在着激烈的争论。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句中都带有各种从句。
I admire Tim, but he doesn’t admire me, although I try hard to impress him.
我钦佩蒂姆，但他并不钦佩我，尽管我努力想给他留下深刻印象。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。
Even if you fail, at least you try, and you are a better person for it.
即使你失败了，至少你努力了，而且你是做这个事情的理想人选。
前1、2分句是主从复合关系，而第1、2分句与第3分句之间又是并列关系。
Not only did Tom introduce over 120 species of plants to Western gardens but he also shipped 20,000tea plants from Shanghai to India, where a successful tea industry was established.
汤姆不仅将120多种植物引进西方花园，还将20000株茶树从上海运到印度，在那里建立了成功的茶业。
前1、2分句是并列关系，而第2分句与第3分句之间又是主从复合关系。
达标练案
长难句分析
The English sentence
adj.
介词短语
adv.
n.
从句
定从
同位语
非谓语
并列结构
状从
名从
长难句首先要断开，进行简化，留下主干成分
（主谓；主谓宾；主系表；主谓双宾；主谓宾宾补)；
去掉枝叶成分（各种插入语，从句，定状补同）
高考长难句分析口诀
长难句，看仔细。
一划二括三会意。
主谓宾，先注意。（一划）找标点；找连接词
(介短非谓和从句)。（二括）
抓主题，去修饰。（三会意）
逻辑关系要注意。
【译文】如果想抱抱考拉，你得去那些有执照的动物园。那里的动物专家会确保挑选出来的考拉状态良好、适合与人接触，游客爱抚考拉的时长和频率也有限制。
① If you want to hold a koala, you have to go to certain licensed zoos where animal experts make sure (that) the koalas selected for each session are in a good state for human contact and that they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions.
【分析】该句的主干是一个主谓状结构（you have to go to zoos），if引导的是________从句，where后面直到句尾是个很长的________从句，修饰________。第一个that引导________从句，第二个that引导________从句。
【典例一】 翻译句子
条件状语
定语
zoos
宾语
宾语
【译文】但以任何标准看，这项工作对我们也是值得的；因为它表明，我们是关注世界稳定的全球公民，我们对他人负有责任，我们为建立人类命运共同体做好了准备。
②But by any criteria this work is worth it to us as well, because it shows that we are global citizens interested in world stability, and that we feel responsible for others and are ready to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
【分析】这是长句，第一层从because分开，前面的主句为“__________”结构，because后面直到句尾是一个“__________”结构的_________从句，用来说明“这项工作很有意义”的理由。第二层，原因状语从句内部包含两个由that引导的_____从句。第三层，两个that引导的宾语从句是______关系，也都是“_______”结构。
【典例一】 翻译句子
主系表
主谓宾
原因状语
宾语
并列
主系表
【典例二】 People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory象牙 would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations.【分析】that 引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义可知，encourage和hurt 的主语是weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。【句意】
【
】
人们 担心【削弱(21年以来被禁止象牙交易的)禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少】。
【典例三】Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting记录 the fortunes财产 of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s.【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings; from the University of Sussex 作Economists的后置定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的后置定语；a 15-year research project作the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 的同位语；charting ...作project后置定语who引导定语从句,修饰先行词teenagers。
【句意】
（ ）
（ ）
[ ]
来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在20世纪90年代中期在美国上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。
【典例四】Whether you get along well with your professors or not has a huge effect on your self-growth as it is a measure of how well you can respect authority and obey requirements.【分析】本句为复合句，句中Whether引导主语从句，as 引导原因状语从句，how well 引导的从句作介词of 的宾语。
【句意】
你与教授相处是否融洽对你的自身发展有很大影响，因为这是衡量你是否尊重权威和服从要求的标准。
【典例五】
The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.【分析】本句的主干The fact does not mean that ...emotions，其中，第一个that 引导是同位语从句。第二个that为宾从，其中as do members of another 是状语从句，助动词do 位于主语members of another 前形成倒装，主语后省略了express their emotions。【句意】
（一种文化背景下的人不像另一种文化背景下的人一样直率地表达他们的情感），这一事实并不意味着他们没有这些情感。
长难句种类及突破策略
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance , must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.
带有较多成分的简单句
突破策略：去枝叶，找主干，即主语和谓语
本句主干：the marketer must select the television programs and stations as well as the women’s magazines
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines, the toothpaste marketer, for instance, must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women's magazines to be used.
Having chosen family television programs and women's magazines,
现在分词完成形式的短语用作时间状语
toothpaste
定语
exact
specific
定语
定语
for instance
插入语
to be used
动词不定式修饰宾语
长难句种类及突破策略
含有多个简单句的并列句
In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale, had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children, but he was terribly unhappy.
在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和 5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时却很不开心。
突破策略：找并列连词或分号并注意省略的连词
本句有两个并列分句，由 but 连接，都是简单句。
Discrimination(歧视) isn't their only concern; almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington's gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age, and doctors can do nothing to help.
受到歧视并不是他们唯一担心的，几乎所有亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。
本句有三个均为简单句的分句，分别用了分号和 and 连接。
长难句种类及突破策略
含有多个从句的复合句
I can't live in fear of the possibility that as the earth's population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources, our children may have to lead poorer lives.
我不能生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长以及我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加负穷的生活。
突破策略：找从属连词判断从句，确定主句
本句主干是I can’t live in fear of the possibility
I can't live in fear of the possibility
that as... lives 是 that 引导的同位语从句
as...resources 是 as 引导的两个并列的原因状语从句
长难句种类及突破策略
含有插入成分的句子
The lack of right male role models in many of their lives—at home and particularly in the school environment—means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves against.
在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人来评判自己。
突破策略：忽略插入成分，直奔句子主题
The lack
means
本两个破折号之间的 at home...environment 是插入成分
主句是 The lack... means
that their peers...against 是宾语从句，作动词 means 的宾语
长难句种类及突破策略
倒装句
Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun, inside which stands a 160-foot-tall tree of life.
穿过屋顶矗立着太阳之塔，在里面有一棵160 英尺高的生命之树。
In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my respect.
在一定程度上，我认为我们都赢了：我赢得了这次比赛，但伊德表弟赢得了我的尊重。
Rising through the roof is the Tower of the Sun
省略句
(won)
(won)
本句是复合句。主句 Rising...the Sun 是倒装句，"主谓状"结构把现在分词短语提到句首，助动词 be 提到主语的前面，形成完全倒装；inside which引导定语从句，谓语动词 stands 提到主语前面形成完全倒装。
I the game中，I后面承前省略了 won; cousin Ed 后也是这样。
(1) 首先确定句子是简单句、复合句、并列句，还是并列复合句。
(2) 如果是简单句，首先确定主语和谓语，然后确定其他成分。
(3) 如果是并列句，首先找出并列连词，然后确定各个并列分句的主语和谓语及其他成分。
(4) 如果是复合句，首先找出从属连词确定从句，看成一个整体；然后确定主句(句首没有从属连词)，注意连词省略现象和多义连词在句中的确切含义。
(5) 若长句在语篇中与上下文存在较为紧密的衔接连贯关系，尤其是句中有指代词的时候，除了弄清楚句子结构和语意逻辑外，有时还需要结合句子所在的上下文，分析明确长句中指代词的具体所指。
长难句分析步骤
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
访问政府网站，可以了解全年能帮助 30岁以下的人建立技能、找工作或创业的项目和在线工具。
谓语
不定式短语作目的状语
定语
动词不定式短语作定语
定语
省略to的不定式作宾补
时间状语
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket--19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies.
who引导定语从句
谓语
主语
宾语从句
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
如果你是生活在本省某些特定地区的青少年,你就符合这个项目的条件,它提供八个星期的带薪就业与培训。
条件状语从句
主句
现在分词短语作定语
非限制性定语从句
长难句分析步骤
实例分析
And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions , it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
现有的研究宣称,你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭,实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而又高又瘦的人在一起进餐。
形容词短语 contrary to...作状语
定语从句
定语从句
主句+系动词
表语
定语从句,修饰beanpoles
(2014年全国卷I 阅读D篇)
In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations, including UNESCO and National Geographic, have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture which they reflect.
Many scholars are making efforts to ______
A. promote global languages.
B. rescue the disappearing languages.
C. search for languages communities.
D. set up languages research organizations.
B
【句意】为了防止语言流失，包括联合国教科文组织和国家地理在内的许多组织的学者多年来一直在记录濒临灭绝的语言和它们所反映的文化
（2020年全国II卷B篇）The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial空间的 skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
研究人员分析了53对儿童-父母在家中日常活动的视频记录，并发现在26 - 46个月大的时候玩拼图的孩子比在54个月大的时候有更好的空间技能。
（2020年全国I卷C篇）
According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories per hour, /which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,/ although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
根据大多数的计算结果，以每小时6英里的速度行走的竞走者，每小时会消耗800卡路里，消耗的热量大约是步行者的两倍，但是比跑步者要少，跑步者每小时大概可以消耗1000卡路里，甚至更多。
Exercise
单句语法填空
1. In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another __________ (conclude).
2. The far side of the moon is of particular __________(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形), more so than the familiar near side.
3. He loved playing this instrument, and was __________ (commit) to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.
4. They had nothing in common __________ me.
5. What is special with regard to Rezwan's project is that his organization makes the best __________ a bad situation.
conclusion
interest
committed
with
of
单句语法填空
6. Do not follow the people __________ make you feel not-good-enough.
7. While enjoying being close to nature, we began to help pick peaches __________(cover) every tree.
8. I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing __________ it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. .
9. It's about two sisters—Eri, a mode__________ either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.
10. Only at dinnertime __________ we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
who
covering
and
who
are
单句语法填空
11. No sooner did she leave my doorstep __________ I had emails from two women __________ kids go to my son's nursery and __________ recognized my face.
12. Erin had gone beyond __________ almost anyone would have done , finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely grateful.
13. It seemed an unending journey, but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that __________ (know) how to read could open many doors.
than
whose
who
what
knowing
①It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals，corporations，and other social organizations.
[分析] 本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的_______________，后面为 从句，修饰先行词_________，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。
句意：________________________________________________
________________________________________________
训练检测
accomplishment
one
这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。
定语
②What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the past.
[分析] 此句中What 引导的是________从句，作句子的 。此外，I had experienced in the past为____________从句，修饰先行词 。
句意：_______________________________________________
主语
定语
我所看到的和我之前经历的完全不同。
训练检测
主语
anything
③If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.
[分析] 本句为主从复合句。If引导的是____________从句，因表示对与过去事实相反的假设，所以本句中条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个that引导的____________从句。
句意：_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
条件状语
宾语
如果三年前有人告诉我我会用大部分的周末时间来野营，我会狂笑不已。
训练检测
Find the following types of long sentences in the reading text.
A compound sentence B complex sentence C compound-complex sentence
A compound sentence
There are many free tests online, so give one a try. (para. 3)
So try a few tests online and start thinking about your future career right now! (the last para.)
B complex sentence
(There are so many complex sentences. Here are just some.)
As an adult, one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is, “What do you do ” (para. 1)
The best time to start thinking about possible careers is while you are still at school, before you make any choices about your further education. (para. 2)
The top three scores are used to make a code that indicates the participant’s overall work personality. (para. 5)
However, it is important to remember that they are only meant for guidance. (the last para.)
The secret to a good career is finding something that you are passionate about. (the last para.)
C compound-complex sentence
The career you have defines your life, and so taking time to think about it is an essential exercise for young people. (para. 1)
Some people know what they want to do from a young age, but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. (para. 2)
The results of the test will tell you about your strengths and interests, and some tests also suggest careers that you may be suited to. (para. 3)
The career suggestions are also based on your education and experience level, but you can look at higher-level careers as well, which is very useful for high school students. (para. 6)
For example, you could look at the basic careers to see what work you might like now, and then look at the more advanced careers so you know what you may like to aim for in the future. (para. 6)
① Career guidance ought to be included at high school, and the school should also offer a work experience programme.
Career guidance ought to be included at high school, where a work experience programme should be also offered.
② Dreaming to become somebody great is easy, but / while working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
Although / Though / While dreaming to become somebody great is easy, working to achieve your dream can be quite hard.
Change these simple sentences into long sentences. Pay attention to the connectors you need to use.
③ You never know where you’ll be working in the future, so learn as much as possible and study a foreign language, because it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
Since you never know where you’ll be working in the future, learn as much as possible and study a foreign language, and it is wise to do these things for the sake of your future.
④ Social occupations, which often involve helping or providing service, require communicating with people.
Social occupations require communicating with people, and often involve helping or providing service.
⑤ Many people believe that since AI is developing rapidly, lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Since AI is developing rapidly, many people believe that lawyers, teachers, librarians, drivers, and receptionists may find their jobs replaced by AI in the future.
Advice on Making a Career Plan
____ A. The plan will require you to focus on ______ you want to do and _____ to achieve it.
____ B. A career plan makes you think about your future, including ______ careers interest you most and ____________ skills and trainings you will need to succeed.
____ C. Of course, the CV should be tailored to match the careers in your plan, _______ will leave you well prepared to make the most of all opportunities ____________ become available to you.
____ D. Finally, for useful information on ______ to decide on careers and ______ to put in your CV, find some websites ___________ specialise in career advice or go to someone _____ can help.
____ E. Along with your career plan, you should also think about a CV, _______ is essential for showing your potential employers your skills and experiences.
____ F. These two things are ______ you should start thinking about right now, as they will safeguard your future, _______ is important to everyone.
Complete the sentences using what, which, that, who, and how. Then put the sentences into the correct order to make a complete passage.
what
how
what
what/which
which
which/that
how
what
that/which
who
which
what
which
1
2
3
4
5
6
Karl Marx; 1818-1883; born in Germany, died in London; studied law and philosophy; philosopher and thinker, economist, historian, sociologist, revolutionary socialist; creator of Marxism, founder of international communism, co-writer of The Communist Manifesto
Read the two profiles below. Write a paragraph about one of them or any other person you admire. Try to make the sentences work together effectively.
Karl Marx was born in Germany in 1818 and died in London in 1883. At university he studied law and philosophy, but he wore many hats in his long career: He was a philosopher and thinker, economist, historian, and sociologist. As a revolutionary socialist, he was the creator of Marxism, the founder of international communism, and the co-writer of The Communist Manifesto.
to have many jobs or roles
Zhong Yang (钟扬); 1964-2017; botanist, professor at Fudan University; dedicated his life to research on seeds; travelled to places which no other botanists had ever been to; spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seeds
Zhong Yang, who lived from 1964 to 2017, was a botanist. As a professor at Fudan University, he dedicated his life to research on seeds. Travelling to places which no other botanists had ever been to, he spent years in remote and primitive areas searching for and collecting seeds.