(共27张PPT)
  句子成分及基本句型
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 名,代,数,不定 式,动名词,短语或 句子 We study in No.11 Middle
School.
谓语 说明主语做什么,是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与连系动词连用,一起构成谓 语,说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a doctor.
His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形,代,数,名, 副,介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词或句子表示动作发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,方式,结果等 副词,介词短语或句 子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
补语 补足主语和宾语的意义 形容词,名词,介词 短语等 She always keeps the house
clean.
同位语 在名词或代词之后,对前者加以说明的成分 名词 My hometown, Chongqing, is very beautiful.
主谓是基础,宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数,动词作谓不可无! 主语 S(subject)
谓语 V (verb)
宾语 O (object)
表语 P (predictive)
直宾 DO (direct object)
间宾 IO (indirect object)
宾补 OC (object complement )
状语 Ad(adverbial)
定语 At (attributive)
同位语Ap (appositive)
句子成分
句子核心成分
句子非核心成分
句子核心成分构成简单句的五种基本句型:
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
(S+ link V+P)
(S+Vi)
(S+ Vt + O)
(S+ Vt + IO+ DO)
S+ Vt+ O+ OC)
1. 主+系+表( S+Link.V+P )
You are students.
He looks different.
The food goes bad.
谓语(系动词)
主语+系+表语
谓语(系动词)
主语+系+表语
谓语(系动词)
主语+系+表语
结论①:
当谓语是系动词时,该句型是主系表句型
主语一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事
表语用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态、身份等,位于系动词之后
主语
表语
系动词
1)Everything changes.
2)The sun rises.
3)Who cares 
2. 主+谓 (S+ Vi)
谓语(不及物动词)
主语+谓语
谓语(不及物动词)
主语+谓语
谓语(不及物动词)
主语+谓语
结论②:
当谓语是不及物动词时,
该句型是主谓句型
主语
3. 主+谓+宾 (S+ Vt + O)
1)She likes her work.
2)Few students like taking exams.
3)We love our country.
谓语(及物动词)
主语+谓语+宾语
谓语(及物动词)
主语+谓语+宾语
谓语(及物动词)
主语+谓语+宾语
结论③:
当谓语是及物动词时,
该句型是主谓宾句型
宾语(object)表示动作的对象或承受者
主语
宾语
4.主+谓+双宾 (S+ Vt + IO+ DO)
1) She teaches us English.
2)Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
3)She gave the baby a bath.
谓语(及物动词)
间宾
直宾
谓语(及物动词)
间宾
直宾
谓语(及物动词)
间宾
直宾
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
主语+谓语+间宾+直宾
结论④:
当谓语是及物动词时,
该句型是主谓双宾句型
主语
直物间人
5.主+谓+宾+宾补 (S+ Vt+ O+ OC)
1) Her lessons make us happy.
2)I found this book easy.
3)I saw a cat running across the road.
谓语(及物动词)
宾语
宾语补足语
谓语(及物动词)
宾语
宾语补足语
谓语(及物动词)
宾语
宾语补足语
结论⑤:
当谓语是及物动词时,该句型是主谓宾语宾补句型
宾语补足语:补充说明宾语的状态特征
主语
结论①:
当谓语是系动词时,该句型是主系表句型
结论②:
当谓语是不及物动词时,该句型是主谓句型
结论③:
当谓语是及物动词时,该句型是主谓宾句型
结论④:
当谓语是及物动词时,该句型是主谓双宾句型
结论⑤:
当谓语是及物动词时,该句型是主谓宾语宾补句型
五种基本句型
判断是哪种句型的方法
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+谓语+双宾
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
谓语是系动词
谓语是不及物动词
谓语是及物动词
主语+系+表语
主语+谓语
关键:找谓语,然后判断谓语是系动词、及物动词还是不及物动词
I am a student.
They arrived.
She enjoyed reading.
She offers us much money.
Her story made us sad.
难点①:判断是主谓双宾句型还是主谓宾宾补句型的方法
The boy asked me a question.
They painted the door green.
难点②:含有be动词的句型判断
Her hobby is collecting foreign stamps.
He is collecting foreign stamps.
她的爱好是收集外国邮票
他正在收集外国邮票。
当翻译成“是”的时候句子中的be动词才是系动词
His goal is to become No.1.
He is to leave
他的目标是成为第一
他将会离开
当翻译成“是”的时候句子中的be动词才是系动词
主语 S(subject)
谓语 V (verb)
宾语 O (object)
表语 P (predictive)
直宾 DO (direct object)
间宾 IO (indirect object)
宾补 OC (object complement )
状语 Ad(adverbial)
定语 At (attributive)
同位语Ap (appositive)
句子成分
句子核心成分
句子非核心成分
Mary is a beautiful girl.
They are women workers.
Tom’s father is a teacher.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
5. He is a boy in Class 6.
定语(attribute):修饰名词或代词,
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
如果定语而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
形容词 adj.
名词 n.
名词所有格
介词短语作后置定语
定语从句作后置定语
状语的形式
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)
He has learned English for ten years.(介词短语)
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.(to do 非谓做状语)
He is in the room making a model plane.(doing非谓做状语)
Once you begin, you must continue.(句子做状语)
作用:说明动作的方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
找出状语,并判断状语类型
How about meeting again at six 
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
To catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He runs quickly.
(说明时间,作时间状语)
②(说明原因…)
③(说明地点…)
④(说明地点,方式…)
⑤(说明伴随…)
⑥(说明目的…)
⑦(说明程度…)
找出状语,并判断状语类型
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
(说明条件,作条件状语)
②(说明结果,作…)
③(说明让步,作…)
④(说明比较,作…)
注:上面四个句子都是句子做状语,叫作状语从句,说明条件,就叫条件状语从句
同位语(Appositive)
那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。
Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
主语
同位语
找出同位语
This is my friend Lily.
Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
The news that he will come back is true.
主语 S(subject)
谓语 V (verb)
宾语 O (object)
表语 P (predictive)
直宾 DO (direct object)
间宾 IO (indirect object)
宾补 OC (object complement )
状语 Ad(adverbial)
定语 At (attributive)
同位语Ap (appositive)
句子成分
句子核心成分
句子非核心成分
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
1. The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.
S 主语
V 谓语
A 状语
2. We must act.
S 主语
V 谓语
3. The maths homework looks easy.
S 主语
谓语(系动词))
4. The teacher found the classroom empty.
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
C 宾补
这所有着一百年历史的学校坐落于市中心
我们必须行动起来。
数学作业看起来挺简单。
老师觉得教室空荡荡的。
表语
Practice :
Read the sentences and analyse the structures.
5. My mum bought me a new dictionary.
8. We had chemistry in the newly built lab.
S 主语
V 谓语
DO 直宾
IO 间宾
S 主语
V 谓语
O 宾语
A 状语
我妈妈给我买了一本新的字典。
在新建的实验室里我们上了一节化学课。
1. I can swim.
2. I like English.
3. They are reading books .
4. He bought a computer last week.
5. My mother is a scientist.
The food goes bad.
7. My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday.
Exercises:指出下列句子的基本句型
1. 基础句:I can swim.(主谓结构,核心:“我会游泳”) 
长难句: 
I can swim, a skill that helps me build up physical strength,
when the weather turns warm every summer and the community swimming pool opens to the public
(定语从句,修饰同位语 “a skill”,)
(同位语,补充说明游泳是一种技能,)
(时间状语从句,交代游泳的时间背景).