2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子结构 课件(共111张PPT)

(共111张PPT)
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
目录
CONTENTS
名词
冠词
代词
动词
01
02
03
04
介词
形容词
副词
05
06
07
08
数词
比较级、最高级
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 1
冠词
article
冠词分类
1.不定冠词：a/an ____指
a：用于____前
an：用于____前
2.定冠词：the ____指
_____ hour
_____ honest boy
_____ university
_____ cat is sleeping on the sofa.
_____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
an
an
a
The
An
泛
特
元音
辅音
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 2
名词
noun
名词分类
国名、地名、人名、团体、机构名称
America
Paris
Obama
ICRC(International Committee of the Red Cross)
CIA(Central Intelligence Agency)
国名
地名
人名
红十字国际委员会
团体名称
美国中央情报局
机构名称
专有名词
类别 意义
可数名词 可以用数量来计算，有单复数变化：
pen-pens，watch-watches
不可数名词
普通名词分类
名词单数变复数规则变化
西(-x)施(-sh)吃(-ch)素(-s)
类别 意义
可数名词 可以用数量来计算，有单复数变化：
pen-pens，watch-watches
不可数名词 不能用数量来计算
普通名词分类
金 木 水 火 土
gold wood water fire earth
米 面 肉 茶 布
rice flour meat tea cloth
液体气体和财富
water air money
面包 奶酪和食物
bread cheese food
我想买一支钢笔。
I want to buy a pen.
我想买很多钢笔。
I want to buy many pens.
我想喝一杯牛奶。
I want to drink a glass of milk.
我想喝三杯牛奶。
I want to drink three glasses of milk.
He gave me ______ on how to learn English well.
A. a advice
B. an advice
C. some advice
D. many advice
名词所有格表示名词之间的______关系，
主要有_____和_____两种表示方式。
所属
’s
of
名词所有格
Tom’s book
the roof of the house
Peter's bag
the face of a baby
the legs of the table
生命的所有格，多用’s，也可用of。
生命的所有格，用of；“A of B ”译为“B的A”。
有
无
They are in the park.
He is reading newspaper.
It is sleeping in the tree.
Look at this picture!
A. Nouns.(名词)
B. Pronouns.(代词)
√
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 3
代词
pronoun
Pronoun 代词
定义：代词是用来替代_____以及起____作用的的短语和句子的词。
作用：为______同一个名词或名词短语______出现。
分类：________、________、________、________、________、________。
There is a cat. The cat is white.
There is a cat. It is white.
名词
名词
重复
避免
人称代词
指示代词
物主代词
反身代词
不定代词
疑问代词
人称代词
人称代词既可以指_____也可以指____，有
____和____两种形式。人称代词分为________，
________，和________ 。
人 物
主格 宾格
第一人称
第二人称 第三人称
We are students.
Vivi teaches us English.
单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称 代词 主格
宾格
物主 代词 形容词性 物主代词
名词性 物主代词
反身代词
形物代：后面跟名词
名物代：后面不跟名词
This is _____(她的) book.
This book is _____.(她的)
her
hers
单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主 代词 形容词性 物主代词
名词性 物主代词
反身代词
单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词强调主语或宾语为同一人或物。
She teaches herself English on the radio.
反身代词的常用词组
teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
help oneself to sth. 自用,自取
look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己
单数 复数
第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三
人称
我 你 他 她 它 我们 你们 他们/她们/它们
人称 代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us you them
物主 代词 形容词性 物主代词 my your his her its our your their
名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词
_____ teacher talked to _____ about the stories of the Silk Road.
A. Our; us
B. Ours; us
C. Our; we
D. Ours; we
The three heroes returned to the earth from space. We are proud of ______.
A. me
B. him
C. them
D. they
Miss Li, a humorous teacher, taught ______ maths last term.
A. us
B. we
C. our
D. ourselves
--- Where did you get the toy car
--- From Betty. She made it by_______.
A.myself
B.herself
C.himself
D.yourself
Your school library looks as modern as ______. Can you show me around
A.we
B.our
C.us
D.ours
都 任何一个 都不
两者 both either neither
三者（及以上） all any none
不定代词
My uncle has two children. But ____ of them lives with him.
A. both
B. all
C. neither
D. none
--- There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite
--- Green tea, I guess. I've tried black tea, green tea and so on, and _____ of them have their special tastes.
A.all
B.none
C.both
D.neither
含义 修饰可数名词/不可数名词
a few
few
a little
little
一些
几乎没有
一点
几乎没有
修饰可数名词
修饰不可数名词
不定代词
Exercises
She has been learning German. She can speak ______now.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
复合不定代词
复合不定代词
注意：
复合不定代词+形容词
Tell us something interesting.
The Avengers is many people’s favorite film, but I think it may not interest _______.
A. somebody
B. anybody
C. everybody
D. nobody
I advise you not to show______ on WeChat because it may cause trouble.
A. anything personal
B. personal anything
C. something personal
D. personal something
Sarah told me that there was ______ about my old school in yesterday’s newspaper.
A. nothing
B. anything
C. everything
D. something
疑问代词
谁（主格）
谁（宾格）
谁的
什么
哪一个
who
whom
whose
what
which
何时
哪里
怎么样
为什么
when
where
how
why
疑问副词
代词指代前面出现的名词
that/those:
one/ones:
it/them:
同名异物, 特指
同名异物, 泛指
同名同物
The pens you bought are cheaper than ____ I bought.
I have lost my pen and I'm looking for ____.
I have lost my pen and I want to buy ____.
those
it
---用于比较级
one
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 4
动词
verb
动词分类
动词是表示动作或状态的词，可分为
实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词。
实义动词
指具有实际意义的动词，分为及物动词（vt.）和不及物动词（vi.）。
①及物动词
后面必须跟宾语，意义才完整的实义动词。
I received a letter from my foreign friend.
My father bought a new computer for me.
②不及物动词
本身意义完整，后面不用跟宾语的实义动词。
Birds can fly.
This story happened in Jun. 1932.
1.实义动词
类别 例词 例句
感官系动词 look, sound, taste,smell, feel This flower smells very sweet.
变化系动词 become, grow, turn, get She grew rich within a short time.
持续系动词 keep, stay, remain He always kept silent at meeting.
终止系动词 prove, turn out The search proved difficult.
表象系动词 seem, appear He seems (to be) very sad.
be动词 am/is/are/was/were He is a teacher.
系动词亦称连系动词，它本身有词义，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构，说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
2.系动词
appear
become
feel
get
grow
keep
look
prove
remain
seem
smell
sound
stay
taste
turn
turn out
系动词检测
---Now Amy makes more friends and often laugh happily.
---Yes, she ______ better than before.
A. sounds
B. tastes
C. seems
D. keeps
情态动词+动原：无人称和数的变化
3.情态动词
can/could have done 过去可能做了
can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做了
may/might have done 过去可能做了
may/might not have done 过去可能没有做
must have done 过去一定做了
情态动词+ have done表推测
The road is wet . It _____ last night.
A. must rain
B. must have rained
C. could have rained
D. can have rained
助动词本身无词义，和实义动词连用，构成时态和语态。
常见助动词：
be（am、is、are、was、were）
do（does、did） have（has、had、having）
He is singing.
He was sent to England.
I have studied English for 8 years.
I will go to Beijing.
I don’t like him.
4.助动词
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 5
数词 numeral
基变序口诀
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 6
介词
preposition
月份
一月 January / d njueri/
二月 February / februeri/
三月 March /mɑ rt /
四月 April / e pr l/
五月 May /me /
六月 June /d u n/
七月 July /d la /
八月 August / ɡ st/
九月 September /sep temb r/
十月 October / k t b r/
十一月 November /n vemb r/
十二月 December /d semb r/
8月
1月
3月
6月
5月
12月
10月
4月
7月
9月
2月
11月
月份
春天
夏天
秋天
冬天
spring
summer
autumn/ fall
winter
9月8日
on Sep. 8
2022年11月12日
on Nov. 12, 2022
at, on, in口诀
at时间点
有on必有天
in加月季年
上(last)下(next)这(this)那(that)每(every)之前
at, on, in皆不填
We walked _____ the forest to reach the other side of the valley.
A. across
B. through
表面通过
内部穿过
I enjoy all sports, _______ soccer. It's just not my thing.
A. except
B. besides
except A：除了……（不包括A）
besides A：除了……（包括A）
We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.
Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
PART 8
形容词、副词
adjective、adverb
They watch the moive_______.
sadly
They are _____.
sad
They watch the moive_______.
sadly
They are _____.
sad
形容词：修饰名词或代词，常作定语。
副词：修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，作状语。
特殊副词的用法：
（1）enough的用法
1.作副词：形/副+enough
The boy is old enough to go to school.
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.
2.作形容词：可位于名词前或后
We don’t have enough money(或 money enough) to buy this house.
（2）so 与 such 用法区别:
形名紧连用such，
多（many）多（much）少（little）少（few）就用so.
such a good girl = so good a girl
so many students
He is _____ a young boy.
He is _____ young a boy.
He has _____ few problems.
He has _____ little money.
She is _____ a little girl.
such
so
so
so
such
The photographs of Mars taken from satellites are _____ than those taken from the earth.
A. clearer
B. the clearest
C. clearest
D. more clearer
比较级和最高级的用法
（1）同级比较：
肯定形式：as+形容词/副词原级+as…
……和……一样
否定形式：not so (as)+形容词/副词原级+as…
……不如……
History is as interesting as science.
John doesn’t work as/so hard as Mary.
We have to investigate as ______ customers as possible in order to make sure of the potential of the market.
A. many
B. much
C. more
D. most
Exercises
Because I have been in the factory for just a year, I can’t afford ______ this.
A. as an expensive car as
B. expensive a car as
C. as a car expensive
D. as expensive a car as
易错结构：
比较级和最高级的用法
（1）不同级比较：
A. 比较级＋than
He is taller than his uncle.
B. 比较级＋and＋比较级“越来越……”
Weather is getting hotter and hotter.
C. The+比较级+主+谓, the+比较级+主+谓“越……就越……”
The more trees we plant, the better environment will be.
越来越高（tall）
taller and taller
越来越美丽(beautiful)
more and more beautiful
最高级的用法
A. the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围
Spring is the best season of the year.
B. one of +最高级+复数名词
Kenny is one of the tallest students.
The new stadium being built for the next Paralympic Games will be _____ the one that had been destroyed.
A. as twice big as B. twice as big as
C. as big as twice D. as big twice as
倍数的位置
倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as
倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than
once
twice
three times
four times
一倍
两倍
三倍
四倍
more than
more than+数字: 超过，=over
More than ten students have made this suggestions.
超过10个学生提出过这个建议。
more than+ 名词：不仅仅
Both of us are more than classmates. We are close friends too.
我们俩不仅仅同学，还是密友。
more than+ 形/副: 非常，=very
I am more than happy to help you.
能帮助你我很高兴。
空白演示
单击输入您的封面副标题
语法回顾
名词
冠词
代词
动词
01
02
03
04
介词
形容词
副词
05
06
07
08
数词
比较级、最高级
should have done 1.过去本该做 却没做 2.竟然 shouldn't have done 过去本不该做,却做了
would have done 过去本想做 却没做 wouldn't have done 过去本不想做,却做了
could have done 过去本能做 却没做 couldn't have done 过去本不能做,却做了
can/could have done 过去可能做了 can't/couldn't have done 过去不可能做了
may/might have done 过去可能做了 may/might not have done 过去可能没有做
must have done 过去一定做了
need have done 过去本有必要做,却未做 needn't have done 过去本不必做,
却做了
情态动词+ have done
result in
result from
as a result
as a result of
+结果 结果是,导致
+原因 由于
+结果 结果是,导致
+原因 由于
The fire resulted in thirty injured people.
那场大火造成了30人受伤。
Many hair problems result from what you eat.
很多头发问题都是由饮食引起的。
As a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one.
结果，坏事变成了好事。
As a result of the heavy fog, all flights have been delayed.
由于雾太大，所有航班都延误了。
原因介词
因为，由于：
because of
due to
thanks to
owing to
on account of
形物代口诀
我的my 你的your
男他的his 女她的her
我们的our 你们的your
他她它们的全都用their
人称代词主格口诀
我是I 你是you
男他he 女她she
非人它要用it
我们we 他们they
你和你们用you配
情态动词常见句型：
might as well +动原：不妨，最好
Since the flight was canceled, you might as well go by train.
既然航班取消了，你不妨乘火车去。
1
简单句
主讲人：杨老师
1. 主语+谓语（S+V）
谓语动词为不及物动词
I laugh.
The children are sleeping.
My head aches.
Time flies.
Tony was cooking.
An accident took place.
2. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+V+O）
谓语动词为及物动词。
We attended the meeting.
She stopped him.
She wants to ask a question.
They enjoy listening to the classical music.
Nobody could answer the question.
My elder sister enjoys the play.
We have received his letter.
3.主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）
谓语动词部分为连系动词。
What is 连系动词？
（1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were
（2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel
（3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn（+adj. 译为“变得”）
（4）保持：keep，stay，remain（+adj. 译为“保持”）
（5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear（+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词，译为“是”）
3.主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）
谓语动词部分为连系动词。
She became a lawyer last year.
He is honest.
It is getting colder and colder.
It tastes delicious.
The meeting seems to be delayed.
The desk remains dirty.
练习：
判断下面句子是主谓宾还是主系表？
My sister enjoyed the play.
The doctor seemed very capable.
They pretend to know the facts.
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
His story proved false.
We should clean the blackboard after using it.
主谓宾
主系表
主谓宾
主系表
主系表
主谓宾
4.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+Oi+Od）
谓语动词直接对象为直接宾语。
I bought Lily a present.
=I bought a present to Lily.
She gave me a ticket.
=She gave a ticket to me.
Miss Chen teaches us Chinese.
=Miss Chen teaches Chinese to us.
间接宾语位于直接宾语后时，间接宾语前需要加介词。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
结构：动词+宾语+宾补，宾补说明宾语情况
They named the girl Susan.
He found Nanci frustrated.
I saw them perform on the stage.
She regarded the boy a monitor.
He left the door open.
I find the movie interesting.
如何判断动词后是双宾语还是宾语宾补？
We call him Jack.
He is Jack.
Music brings us joy.
We are joy.
Li Hua finds the work easy to finish.
The work is easy to finish.
He bought her a bike.
She is a bike.
√
×
√
×
如果动词后面的部分，加上be动词后，能构成一个符合语义的句子，则是宾语宾补；否则为双宾。
宾语宾补
双宾
宾语宾补
双宾
练习：判断下面句子类型
1.They work hard.
2.That bird is dead.
3.Plants need water.
4.He gives me some seeds.
5.She asked me to come back soon.
6.Many animals live in trees.
主+谓
主+系+表
主+谓+宾
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓
2
并列句
主讲人：杨老师
并列复合句
复合句由两个陈述句构成，中间用并列连词连接。
I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes.
简单句
简单句
并列连词
1.联合并列句
He likes painting and she likes reading.
Not only is he a doctor but also he is a teacher.
Neither the teacher nor the students knew the answer to the difficult question.
and和，not only...but (also)...不仅......而且......，neither...nor...既不......也不......
2.转折并列句
We love peace but we aren’t afraid of war.
He worked hard, yet he failed.
There is plenty of rain in the southeast, while there is little in the northwest.
but但是，yet但是，while然而
3.选择并列句
You can do it yourself or you can ask someone else to help.
Either she or Kate goes to visit the Great Wall.
or或者，either...or...要么......要么......
4.因果并列句
He couldn’t find his pen, so he wrote in pencil.
I didn’t go to the party last night, for I had an important meeting this evening.
so因此，for因为
1. — Would you like to go to the concert with me
— I’d love to,_____ I can’t. I have a lot of homework to do.
A. but B. and C. or D. so
2. Work hard, _______ you will pass the driving test.
A. or B. but C. because D. and
3. There is a lot of traffic in this city,_____ look both ways before crossing the street.
A. but B. so C. or D. however
A
D
B
4. Call a taxi, _______ you will miss the train.
A. and B. though C. because D. or
5. The doctors tried their best to save the patient’s life,_____ they failed.
A. but B. for C. or D. and
D
A
3
复合句
主讲人：杨老师
复合句
定语从句
名词性从句
状语从句
主语从句
宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
由一个主句和一个或以上的从句构成。
This is the football match which is going to be held on Friday.
简单句
简单句
连词