Unit 4 Friends forever Using language课件(共21张PPT)-外研版(2019)必修第一册

(共21张PPT)
Unit 4 Friends forever
Using language
Using languages
Attributive clauses
1. Attributive (定语):用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。
2. 种类：主要有形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句等相当于形容词的词、短语或句子作定语。
3. 含义：汉语中常翻译为“……的”。
Grammar: attributive clauses
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a We can... stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests...
1 What does “that” refer to in sentence (a)
“that” refers to “the people” in sentence (a).
Grammar: attributive clauses
1 Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
a We can... stay in touch with the people that we want to remain friends with.
b The digital age also enables us to find people who share our interests...
2 What does “who” refer to in sentence (b)
“who” refers to “people” in sentence (b).
Grammar: attributive clauses
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c We can stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them.
d The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interests...
3 What is the difference between the two groups of sentences
Sentences (a) and (b) both contain a clause defining a noun in each sentence. Sentences (c) and (d) are each constructed with a pair of simple sentences, with one defining a noun that appears in the other sentence in each pair.
Grammar: attributive clauses
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c We can stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them.
d The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interests...
4 Why does the author choose to use sentence (a) and (b) in the reading passage
Because there is a closer link and connection between “people” and the clause defining it in sentences (a) and (b). It also makes the passage clearer, and creates an emphatic effect on the people and things being defined.
Grammar: attributive clauses
Compare them with the following sentences and answer the questions.
c We can stay in touch with people. We want to remain friends with them.
d The digital age also enables us to find people. These people share our interests...
5 What other words are used to introduce attributive clauses What do they refer to
which →指物（作主语或宾语）
whose→指人或物（作定语）
whom→指人（作宾语）
Grammar: attributive clauses
Now look for more sentences with these structures in the reading passage.
...the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy doing them...
On social media sites, people tend to post only positive updates that make them appear happy and friendly.
Grammar: attributive clauses
定义：
在复合句中起形容词作用，作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词：
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词：
连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。
注意：
关系词指代先行词，并在句子起连接作用，连接主句和从句，同时又在定语从句中充当成分（主、宾、表、状等）
Grammar: attributive clauses
关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为：
在从句中做 主、宾、表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
1.关系代词：
在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)
2.关系副词：
Grammar: attributive clauses
先行词 关系代词 在从句中 成分 例句
人 who Everyone (who knew him) liked him.
人 whom The girl (whom I saw) told me to come today.
物 which The car (which I hired) broke down.
先行词
关系词who在从句中作主语
先行词
关系词whom在从句中作宾语
先行词
关系词which在从句中作宾语
认识他的人都喜欢他。
我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天来。
我租的车坏了。
主、宾、表
宾
主、宾、表
Grammar: attributive clauses
先行词 关系代词 在从句中 成分 例句
人/物 that I’d like to see the films (that are just on show).
人/物 whose The bike (whose brake was damaged) has
now been repaired.
人/物 as This is the same book (as I lost yesterday).
先行词
关系词that在从句中作主语
先行词
关系词whose在从句中作定语。
先行词
关系词as在从句中作宾语
我想看那些刚上映的电影。
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。
主、宾、表
定语
主、宾、表
Grammar: attributive clauses
2 Rewrite the underlined sentences with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Lucy is my friend. She has a hearing problem.When she first came to my school, she seemed lonely, but we soon became friends. At first it was difficult to communicate with her. So I learnt a new language. It allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl. Her ideas are always inspiring. I sometimes have problems. I can’t solve them. When this happens, I always ask Lucy for help. Lucy is a good listener. I enjoy sharing moments of my life with her.
Lucy is my friend who/that has a hearing problem.
So I learnt a new language that/which allows me to “speak” with my hands.
Lucy is a smart girl whose ideas are always inspiring.
I sometimes have problems (that/which) I can’t solve.
Lucy is a good listener (who/whom/that) I enjoy sharing moments of life with.
Grammar: attributive clauses
3 Complete the online forum post with that, which, who, whom or whose.
Walking group welcomes new members!
Walk and Talk is a group 1___________________meets every Sunday. It is free to join. Walk and Talk is perfect for anyone 2_________________weekends need some excitement. We are all teenagers 3_________________love walking and making new friends.
We want you to join us! The next walk 4_________________is open to new members is on 22 July. You can also bring your friends. However, anyone 5___________________you bring must be over 12 years old.
Come along and join the fun
that/which
whose
that/who
which/that
who/whom
Grammar: attributive clauses
关系词选择的特殊情况：
This is the bank in which the robbery happened.
这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。
1.只能用which,不能用that的情况
(1)在介词后只用which，不能用that。
(2)先行词本身是that时，只能用which，不能用that。
The clock is that which tells the time.
钟表是用来报时的。
(3)在非限制定语从句中，只用which,不用that。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
他通过了驾驶考试，这使我们都很惊讶。
Grammar: attributive clauses
关系词选择的特殊情况：
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.
这是我所见过的最美丽的山。
2.只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。
(2)先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。
The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.
我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。
(3)先行词前有 the only, the very, the last，few, little, no,等修饰词时只能用that。
This is the only book that I like.
这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
Grammar: attributive clauses
关系词选择的特殊情况：
Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.
最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。
2.只用that不用which的情况
(4)先行词是everything, something, all, none, much, 等不定代词时，只能用that。
(5)先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只能用that。
I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语，只能用that。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.　
我的家乡已经不是过去那样了。
Grammar: attributive clauses
关系词选择的特殊情况：
Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
2.只用that不用which的情况
(7)在以which或who引导的疑问句后，只能用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
Grammar: attributive clauses
高考真题改编：
1. (2025 全国一卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ________________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
2. (2024 浙江 1 月卷)Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way _______________ will make them the most money
3. (2023 全国乙卷)The color she chose came in a box which had a picture of a woman __________hair color looked just perfect.
4. (2020 新课标卷)The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _______________ opened in 1759.
which
that/which
whose
that/which
Grammar: attributive clauses
高考真题改编：
5. (2021 浙江 1 月卷)BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool _________________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
6. (2021 北京卷)When you sleep, your brain sorts through everything ___________ happened during the day, trying to link new experiences to old memories.
7. (2020 全国 III 卷)In ancient China lived an artist, ________________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
8. (2020 江苏卷)If you look at all sides of the situation, you’ll find probably a solution_______________ suits everyone.
that/which
that
whose
which/that
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