2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和结构(1)课件(共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和结构(1)课件(共34张PPT) |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-05 00:00:00 | ||
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(共34张PPT)
英语句子成分与结构
句子成分
1.定义：句子成分组成句子的各个部分。
2.句子成分可分为：主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分。
Tip: 主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
㈠主语（subject）
句首
eg：(1)Lily likes her new bike very much.
(2)She is a beautiful girl.
(3)To learn English well is easy.
(4)Seeing is believing.
(5)What he said is right.
表示句子要说明的人或事物,动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当主语,一般位于______ 。
动词不定式
动名词
主语从句
名词
代词
（二）谓语（predicate)
说明主语做什么或怎么样，由动词或动词短语充当，通常位于主语后面。
1.He works very hard.
3.The weather is very nice today.
4. He looked up the word in the dictionary.
2.We love China.
1.How many do you want - I want two.
2.She has a very pleasant smile.
3.Lend me your dictionary, please.
4.I enjoy working with you.
5.Did you write down what he said
(数词)
(名词)
表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词或句子担任。置于_________或______之后。
（代词）
（动名词）
（宾语从句）
及物动词
介词
(三)宾语（ object ）
1. I found the book interesting.
2.His father named him Dongming.
3.Let the fresh air in.
（四）宾补（object complement）
宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义或状态等，使语义完整，一般由形容词、名词、副词、动词不定式、分词和介词短语充当。
(形容词 ）
（名词）
（副词）
（五） 定语:(attributive)
(用来修饰名词、代词,翻译成“...的”)
这是一节生动有趣的课．
This is a lively and interesting class.
有一些难题要处理．
There is something difficult to deal with.
前置定语
后置定语
eg：
(1) His name is Tom.
(2) The boy in blue is Tom.
(3) The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
(4) I was very happy with the school hours .
(5) I like the gifts which was bought by my father.
（形容词性物主代词）
（介词短语）
（不定代词）
(名词）
（定语从句）
（六） 表语（predicative）
表语是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态，一般位于系动词之后。
连系动词
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
4.感官动词(look, smell, sound,taste, feel)
+表语
2.变化类(get/become/turn/grow...)
eg:
(1) My sister is a nurse.
(2) She got angry.
(3)She is in good health.
(4) The soup smells delicious.
3. 持续类(keep/remain/stay...)
（七）状语:(adverbial)
状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征，按用途可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状语等。
①表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…
Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow
②表地点：in China, at the airport…
I saw a student in the classroom.
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
④表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
⑤表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose
In order to get into a better school, I must
study even harder .
⑥表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,
As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.
⑦表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
⑧表程度: very, enough, to some extent…
The scenery there is very beautiful.
⑨表方式: like that, as, as if…
Don’t look at me like that!
⑩表伴随状况：
The teacher came into the classroom,
catching a book in his hand.
with
画出下列句子的状语
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that he missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
时间
地点
原因
结果
目的
方式
条件
程度
让步
(八) 同位语:(appositive)
We have two children, a boy and a girl.
The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.
定义：句子中指代同一事物的两个词，短语或句子，后一个词对前一个词进行解释或补充说明，后一个词称为前一个词的同位语。
eg：
(1) He, my uncle, is a teacher.
(2) I met my friends lily last Sunday.
(3)My class teacher tells me the fact that I am very clever.
(4)Mom tells me the news that my sister will come back.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
consolidation
巩固
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
9. His wish is to become a scientist.
10. Do you have anything else to say
Grammar Revision
Basic Sentence Patterns
简单句基本句型
Five basic sentence pattern
英语五大基本句型
一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓)
二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表)
三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
四: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
noun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing
V-ed
etc.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语
宾补
表语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
Vt
系动词
Vi
Noun / Pronoun
The + adj
V-ing / Clause
Infinitive
Noun / Pronoun /
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
英语句子基本成分示意图
be / feel / seem / look
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
noun
pronoun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
clause
etc.
1.主语＋谓语
1. The sun rose.
2. Class begins.
3. I arrived.
4. The man dosen't smoke.
基本句型一
特点：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思。
这类动词是不及物动词。
1.主语＋谓语+宾语
1. I often play basketball with my friends.
2. All my students like learning English.
3. They built a house last year.
4. You should look after your children well.
基本句型二
特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词是及物动词。
3.主语＋谓语+间宾+直宾
特点：在此句式中，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
(1) She gave me a new dress.
(2) She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置（需增加相应介词to/for.）
间宾
直宾
间宾
直宾
基本句型三
基本句型三
总结：谓语动词是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
eg:
give sb. sth.
ask sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
.......
sb. 是间接宾语，sth. 是直接宾语。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
1.The war made him a soldier.
2. New methods make the job easy.
检验原则：宾语和补语之间加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。
(宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系)
宾语
宾补
宾语
宾补
基本句型四
特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
5.Ｓ+Ｖ(系动词)+Ｐ(表语)（主+系+表）
连系动词
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel…)
+表语
2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)
1. The dinner smells good.
2. Everything looks different.
3. You are my sunshine.
4. His face turned red.
Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go.
主 + 谓
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语
主 + 谓 +宾 + 宾补
Practice
1.Plants need water.
2.The flower is so fresh.
3.The sun rises in the east.
4.He gives me some flowers.
5.We should keep the room clean.
6.They survived.
主 + 谓+ 宾
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓
7.Her father looks young.
8.She teaches us English.
9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.
10.Our teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs.
11. He often tells me some interesting stories.
12.The students must keep their eyes closed.
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
英语句子的结构
简单句 (The simple sentence)
并列句 (The compound sentence)
复合句 (The complex sentence)
Thank you!
英语句子成分与结构
句子成分
1.定义：句子成分组成句子的各个部分。
2.句子成分可分为：主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分。
Tip: 主语和谓语是句子的主要成分，一般情况下，一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
㈠主语（subject）
句首
eg：(1)Lily likes her new bike very much.
(2)She is a beautiful girl.
(3)To learn English well is easy.
(4)Seeing is believing.
(5)What he said is right.
表示句子要说明的人或事物,动作的发出者，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当主语,一般位于______ 。
动词不定式
动名词
主语从句
名词
代词
（二）谓语（predicate)
说明主语做什么或怎么样，由动词或动词短语充当，通常位于主语后面。
1.He works very hard.
3.The weather is very nice today.
4. He looked up the word in the dictionary.
2.We love China.
1.How many do you want - I want two.
2.She has a very pleasant smile.
3.Lend me your dictionary, please.
4.I enjoy working with you.
5.Did you write down what he said
(数词)
(名词)
表示动作的对象或承受者，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词或句子担任。置于_________或______之后。
（代词）
（动名词）
（宾语从句）
及物动词
介词
(三)宾语（ object ）
1. I found the book interesting.
2.His father named him Dongming.
3.Let the fresh air in.
（四）宾补（object complement）
宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义或状态等，使语义完整，一般由形容词、名词、副词、动词不定式、分词和介词短语充当。
(形容词 ）
（名词）
（副词）
（五） 定语:(attributive)
(用来修饰名词、代词,翻译成“...的”)
这是一节生动有趣的课．
This is a lively and interesting class.
有一些难题要处理．
There is something difficult to deal with.
前置定语
后置定语
eg：
(1) His name is Tom.
(2) The boy in blue is Tom.
(3) The boy to write this letter needs a pen.
(4) I was very happy with the school hours .
(5) I like the gifts which was bought by my father.
（形容词性物主代词）
（介词短语）
（不定代词）
(名词）
（定语从句）
（六） 表语（predicative）
表语是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态，一般位于系动词之后。
连系动词
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
4.感官动词(look, smell, sound,taste, feel)
+表语
2.变化类(get/become/turn/grow...)
eg:
(1) My sister is a nurse.
(2) She got angry.
(3)She is in good health.
(4) The soup smells delicious.
3. 持续类(keep/remain/stay...)
（七）状语:(adverbial)
状语修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征，按用途可分为时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随状语等。
①表时间：yesterday, today, tomorrow…
Shall we go shopping today or tomorrow
②表地点：in China, at the airport…
I saw a student in the classroom.
③表原因: because, as, for, since…
Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school today.
④表结果：to+do, v+ing, 从句
The boy fell off the tree, striking his head against the ground.
⑤表目的:in order to, in order that, for the purpose
In order to get into a better school, I must
study even harder .
⑥表条件: as/so long as, if, unless,
As long as you study hard, you can get a high mark.
⑦表让步: in spite of, despite, although, though
He helped me although he didn’t know me.
⑧表程度: very, enough, to some extent…
The scenery there is very beautiful.
⑨表方式: like that, as, as if…
Don’t look at me like that!
⑩表伴随状况：
The teacher came into the classroom,
catching a book in his hand.
with
画出下列句子的状语
I will be back in a while.
They are playing on the playground.
He was late because he got up late.
He got up so late that he missed the train.
I waited to see you.
He often went to school by bus.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
Please call me if it is necessary.
This book is very interesting.
He went to school in spite of his illness.
时间
地点
原因
结果
目的
方式
条件
程度
让步
(八) 同位语:(appositive)
We have two children, a boy and a girl.
The man, my teacher, never rides a bike.
定义：句子中指代同一事物的两个词，短语或句子，后一个词对前一个词进行解释或补充说明，后一个词称为前一个词的同位语。
eg：
(1) He, my uncle, is a teacher.
(2) I met my friends lily last Sunday.
(3)My class teacher tells me the fact that I am very clever.
(4)Mom tells me the news that my sister will come back.
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
consolidation
巩固
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
9. His wish is to become a scientist.
10. Do you have anything else to say
Grammar Revision
Basic Sentence Patterns
简单句基本句型
Five basic sentence pattern
英语五大基本句型
一: Ｓ Ｖ (主＋谓)
二: Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ (主＋系＋表)
三: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ (主＋谓＋宾)
四: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏｏ (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
五: Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
noun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing
V-ed
etc.
主语
谓语
宾语
宾语
宾补
表语
宾语(直)
宾语(间)
Vt
系动词
Vi
Noun / Pronoun
The + adj
V-ing / Clause
Infinitive
Noun / Pronoun /
The + adj
V-ing / Clause / Infinitive
英语句子基本成分示意图
be / feel / seem / look
appear / stand / lie
become /get / grow / turn
go / come / remain/ keep
taste / smell etc.
noun
pronoun
adj. / adv.
infinitive
V-ing / V-ed
clause
etc.
1.主语＋谓语
1. The sun rose.
2. Class begins.
3. I arrived.
4. The man dosen't smoke.
基本句型一
特点：句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思。
这类动词是不及物动词。
1.主语＋谓语+宾语
1. I often play basketball with my friends.
2. All my students like learning English.
3. They built a house last year.
4. You should look after your children well.
基本句型二
特点：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词是及物动词。
3.主语＋谓语+间宾+直宾
特点：在此句式中，谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。
通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。
(1) She gave me a new dress.
(2) She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
检验原则：两个宾语可以调换位置（需增加相应介词to/for.）
间宾
直宾
间宾
直宾
基本句型三
基本句型三
总结：谓语动词是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的带有双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
eg:
give sb. sth.
ask sb. sth.
bring sb. sth.
.......
sb. 是间接宾语，sth. 是直接宾语。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
1.The war made him a soldier.
2. New methods make the job easy.
检验原则：宾语和补语之间加一个系动词，可以构成语义通顺的句子。
(宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系)
宾语
宾补
宾语
宾补
基本句型四
特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
5.Ｓ+Ｖ(系动词)+Ｐ(表语)（主+系+表）
连系动词
1.be动词(am, is, are, was, were)
3.感官动词(look, smell, hear, feel…)
+表语
2.表状态变化的动词(get/become/turn/keep/remain/stay)
1. The dinner smells good.
2. Everything looks different.
3. You are my sunshine.
4. His face turned red.
Nobody went.
She became a doctor.
The car caught fire.
I will write you a long letter.
I will let him go.
主 + 谓
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 + 宾
主 + 谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语
主 + 谓 +宾 + 宾补
Practice
1.Plants need water.
2.The flower is so fresh.
3.The sun rises in the east.
4.He gives me some flowers.
5.We should keep the room clean.
6.They survived.
主 + 谓+ 宾
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓
7.Her father looks young.
8.She teaches us English.
9.The children are jumping and laughing happily.
10.Our teacher asked us to talk about the questions in pairs.
11. He often tells me some interesting stories.
12.The students must keep their eyes closed.
主 + 系 + 表
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
主 + 谓 +间宾 +直宾
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
英语句子的结构
简单句 (The simple sentence)
并列句 (The compound sentence)
复合句 (The complex sentence)
Thank you!