Unit 1 Back to School Extended reading - Project 导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Back to School Extended reading - Project 导学案（含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 61.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-05 10:44:27 | ||
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年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U1 Extended reading - Project
【同步知识梳理】 一、单词解析 知识点1：exchange n. 交换，交流，兑换 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。 常用搭配：in exchange for… 例：It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them. 公务人员为某些人提供便利以换取礼品或金钱的行为是非法的。 ② vt. 交换，交流，兑换 常见搭配：exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物 exchange A for B 用A换B 例：If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. 如果课程不能让您十分满意，您可以轻松将其换成我们提供的其他任何课程。 例题训练： ①I’ve never ______________________ those moms. 我从来没和那些妈妈们说过话。 ②Would you like my old TV ______________________________ 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？ ①exchanged words with ②in exchange for this camera 知识点2：alarm n. 闹钟，恐慌，警报，警报器 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我如此喜欢它以至于我仍然在用它作为我的闹钟！ 常用搭配：in alarm 惊恐地（常用作状语） raise/ sound the alarm 发出警报 a fire/ smoke alarm 防火/ 烟雾警报器 an alarm clock 闹钟 an alarm system 警报系统 例：I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. 风把门吹开，我惊慌地转过头看。 ② vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 例：This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me. 这是英特网一个不利的方面， 使我有些不安。 联想词： alarmed adj. 担忧的，恐慌的 be alarmed by/ at sth. 因某事而恐慌 be alarmed to do sth. 做某事而感到恐慌 例：I was alarmed to see the men carrying guns. 看到那些人带着枪我感到很恐慌。 ② alarming adj. 令人担忧的，令人恐慌的 例：As we all know, with the development of science and technology, the earth’s resources are running out at an alarming rate, so we should make good use of them. 众所周知，随着科技的发展，地球的资源正在以惊人的速度消耗着，因此我们应该充分利用它们。 例题训练： ①__________________ in the middle of the night . 半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来 ②She shrieked____________ when she saw the mouse. 她看见老鼠时惊恐地尖声喊叫起来。 ③Our countryside is disappearing _________________. 我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。 ①A car alarm went off ②in alarm ③at an alarming rate 知识点3：contribution n. 贡献，捐款，捐赠，稿件 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make much of a contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English. 课堂讨论在英国很重要，但我做不了多少贡献，因为有时候我无法清楚地用英语表达自己的想法。 ◆n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿 contribute to 有助于；导致，促成； contribute … to … 向… 投稿/ 捐赠 make (great) contributions to 对…做出(巨大的)贡献 ①We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。 ②The three sons also contribute to the family business. 3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。 ③ Learning English makes contributions to one's development to some extent. 英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。 联想词：contribute vi & vt. 捐献，捐赠；（给报纸，杂志）撰稿，投稿vi.促成 contributor n. 投稿人，捐款人，促成者 例题训练： ①We're not saying that everyone needs to ___________________________. 我们并不是要每个人都必须为穷人奉献生命。 ②I believe that each of us can ______________ the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。 ②I persuaded myself that I could _______________________________. 我相信我能为祖国作出贡献。 ①contribute their lives to the poor ②contribute to ③make contributions to the motherland 知识点4：fortunately 用法解析及拓展： 原文：Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学们一直乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。 （教材P12） ◆adv. 幸运的；辛亏 make a fortunate 发财 try one’s fortunate 碰运气 be fortunate in 在某方面幸运 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ①I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 ②I was fortunate to be one of the lucky user. 我有幸成为幸运网友之一。 ③We became companions in misfortune. 我们成了患难之交。 联想词：fortune n. 财富；命运；运气 fortunate adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 misfortune n. 不幸 unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 知识点5：attract vt. 吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应） 用法解析及拓展： 例：The one that attracted me most was the Rugby club.最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。 常见搭配： attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某物 例：Professor David Wilson thinks that it can attract the police’s attention to group behavior. 戴维·威尔逊教授认为它可以吸引警察关注群体行为。 联想词：attraction n. 吸引力，有吸引力的事，向往的地方 tourist attraction 风景区 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 二、句型运用 知识点1：so…that… 引导结果状语从句（P11） 原文：I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我是那么的喜欢它以至于我仍然拿它当闹钟！ 用法解析及拓展： 本句中“so…that…”意为 “如此…以至于…”so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that引导结果状语从句。具体形式如下： so + adj./adv + that 从句 so +adj.+ a/an+ 可数名词单数 + that 从句 so + many/ few/ much/ little + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 + that 从句 例：The stone is so heavy that I can‘t lift it up. This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. 备注： so that 也可以连在一起使用；可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句；引导目的状语从句相当于 “in order that” ①She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. ②You've adjusted the microscope so that it reflects! such… that… 中such 常用来修饰名词，具体形式如下： such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that从句 such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that从句 such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that从句 ①She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her. ②It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. ③They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 例题训练： 他是如此聪明的一个孩子以至于老师们都很喜欢他 ① _________________________________________ ② _________________________________________ ①He is so clever that teachers like him very much. ②He is such a clever boy that teachers like him very much. 【精题精练精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The newspaper published a ____________ (tough) worded article about racist behaviour. 2.____________(fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 3.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an ____________ (attract) activity, however,says Jaclyn Norberg. 4.Our school has changed ____________ much that you may not recognize it at first glance. 5.What do you think is the best way ____________ (improve) our oral English 6.This year, ____________ was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. 7.____________ (go) from junior high school to senior high school is really a big challenge. 8.We are always admiring the old scientist for his great ____________ (contribute) to the country. 9.You can’t hide all the time, ____________ you will be found sooner or later. 10.____________ (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. Ⅱ.选词填空 get on well,be different from,put together,make a contribution,over time,make friends with,as well,lay out
1.He ________________ to building a school so that those poor children could receive education. 2.The first time I ________________ the clean white cloth and asked the kids to sign it, my family looked at me as if I were crazy. 3.If your behaviour is not good, no one will consider ________________ you. 4.The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively even though they ________________ his own. 5.It’s a skill we have developed from a young age and perfected ________________. 6.I invite you to ask questions in class or, if you prefer, after class ________________. 7.Some sugar and vinegar ________________, and the mixture tastes not too bad. 8.They’re very different, though they did seem to ________________ when they met. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.长城是一个著名的旅游景点，每年有数百万人涌入。(so...that...) The Great Wall is ____________________________________ millions of people pour in every year. 2.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对于我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。(it is+adj.+for sb to do) We also had different students in some classes, so____________________________________ all the faces and names. 3.一起做饭给了我们放松和互相了解对方的生活的机会。(动名词作主语) ____________________________________ to relax and know about each other’s life. 4.他们可能会错过一个为全世界树立榜样的机会。(动词不定式作定语) They could be missing ____________________________________ for the world. 5.不幸的是，那位老人从自行车上摔下来，摔断了左腿。(现在分词作状语) Unfortunately, the old man fell off the bike, ____________________________________. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.toughly 2.Fortunately 3.attractive 4.so 5.to improve 6.it 7.Going 8.contribution 9.because 10.Walking Ⅱ.选词填空 1.made a contribution 2.laid out 3.making friends with 4.are different from 5.over time 6.as well 7.are put together 8.get on well Ⅲ.完成句子 1.so well-known a tourist attraction that 2.it was hard for me to remember 3.Cooking together gives us a chance 4.a chance to set an example 5.breaking his left leg 【能力拓展训练】 语法填空 Experiences are acquired through our journey in life; we choose and create our beliefs, fears and opinions ___1___ (base) on all our experiences in life. Even though things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us too. But ___2___ really matters is the opinion we have about ___3___ (we). You either choose to accept and follow what other people believe ___4___decide to be yourself and live according to the reality of life. ___5___living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about yourself. It is extremely important ___6___ (understand) how this image, created by your beliefs and imagination, directs and influences your ___7___ (grow). This image___8___ you create about yourself determines who you are and how you feel; it determines how successful you become in life. Everything starts in the mind. If you really want to accomplish your dreams, ___9___(picture) yourself having and living the life you want. Believe in yourself and be ____10____ (confidence)! It doesn’t matter how bad or difficult the circumstances may look like. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself. 七选五 Leonardo da Vinci and Nature In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. ___1___Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. ___2___ Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. ___3___More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.” “Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. ____4____ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. ___5___ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. A. Leonardo was always drawing. B. How could these be connected with art C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher. D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown. E. Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked. F. Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing. G. You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper. 完形填空 My daughter has been crazy about raising a pet for a long time. Last spring I bought two small chickens for her. She got excited and ____1____ good care of them. ____2____, a few days later, both chickens died. She burst into tears because of their ____3____. I helped her bury the two chickens under a tree behind our house. I thought it would be the end of her idea. However, I was ____4____. Children are children after all. The ____5____ hasn’t upset my daughter in ____6____ way. She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail. One day last winter, I noticed a ____7____ of sparrows (麻雀) under the eaves (屋檐) of the house. So I told my daughter to put some rice on the windowsill (窗台). A few minutes ____8____, the sparrows came to land on the windowsill one after another and pecked (啄) at the ____9____. Suddenly my daughter asked me, “Mum, can we catch and cage (圈养) the sparrows, and let them live with us in the room How cold it is for them to live ____10____.” “Oh, my dear, I do not think it is a good idea. You know,” I ____11____ to her. “____12____ is important for sparrows. No one can keep them in a cage. If they are ____13____, they will die quickly. They are used to living in the open air. Moreover, they have warm nests under the eaves.” From then on, we have ____14____ a kind of relationship with the sparrow family. We feed them and treat them as pet birds. ____15____, we do not need to possess them. We enjoy seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches, leaves and flowers in the spring morning. 1. A. looked B. took C. acquired D. reminded 2. A. Slightly B. Definitely C. Extremely D. Unluckily 3. A. desire B. escape C. focus D. death 4. A. certain B. sure C. wrong D. right 5. A. argument B. happiness C. success D. failure 6. A. some B. any C. no D. every 7. A. family B. couple C. pair D. pile 8. A. before B. after C. more D. later 9. A. bread B. rice C. fruit D. vegetable 10. A. downwards B. upwards C. inside D. outside 11. A. explained B. adapted C. attached D. preferred 12. A. Spring B. Freedom C. Trees D. Nests 13. A. concerned B. shot C. caught D. viewed 14. A. made up B. pulled up C. set up D. cheered up 15. A. But B. However C. Then D. Otherwise 语法填空 1. based 2. what 3. ourselves 4. or 5. By 6. to understand 7. growth 8. that##which 9. picture 10. confident 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的经历和个人形象之间的关系以及个人形象的重要性。我们的经历决定了我们对自己的看法，我们对自己的看法又创造出我们的个人形象。人生中最重要的就是我们对自己的看法与态度。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们根据生活中的所有经历来选择和创造我们的信念、恐惧和观点。短语be based on表示“以……为基础”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词做后置定语。故填based。 【2题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：但真正重要的是我们对自己的看法。分析句子可知，此处是一个主语从句，且从句中缺主语，故应用what来引导。故填what。 【3题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：但真正重要的是我们对自己的看法。结合句意，此处表示真正重要的是我们对自己的看法，应用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：你要么选择接受和追随别人的信仰，要么决定做你自己，按照现实生活的方式生活。分析句子可知，这里考查either ...or ...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过真实的生活和做你自己，你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。分析句子可知，此处表示通过真实的生活和做你自己应用介词by。句首单词首字母要大写。故填By。 【6题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：理解这个由你的信念和想象力创造的形象如何指导和影响你的成长是极其重要的。此处为固定句型“It is+adj+to do sth.”，不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to understand。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：理解这个由你的信念和想象力创造的形象如何指导和影响你的成长是极其重要的。分析句子可知，空处作宾语，表示“成长”应用应用名词growth，表抽象概念不可数。故填growth。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你为自己创造的形象决定了你是谁和你的感受；它决定了你在生活中有多成功。此处为定语从句修饰先行词image，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你真的想实现你的梦想，想象你自己拥有和过着你想要的生活，相信自己，自信！分析句子可知，if后为条件状语从句，所以此空应填动词原形构成祈使句作主句，而picture oneself doing sth表“想象自己在做什么”，为固定搭配。故填picture。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你真的想实现你的梦想，想象你自己拥有和过着你想要的生活，相信自己，自信！根据空前的be动词可知，此处应用形容词confident，作表语。故填confident。 七选五 【答案】BGFEA 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。通过对达·芬奇与自然是如何结合起来进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明：数学、音乐与艺术的关系，以及自然与艺术的关系。 【1题详解】 空格前面两句，由但是引导的句子提示我们，在里奥拉多时代，科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究， but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 那他们是如何紧密联系在一起的呢？这样看来B选项How could these be connected with art 那这些是如何与艺术紧密相联系的呢？这是西方作者行文的特点即渐进式重复主题，切合题意。故选B。 【2题详解】 He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.从空格前面这句里面的place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting.把所画的事物在一幅画里面彼此之间的位置关系安排的妥妥的。这里读出两点信息：一是in a drawing or painting.一是place things.根据这两点信息可以推出答案里面必须要有一幅画和位置的描述。G选项刚好切合此意：You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.你会看到一个好的例子，就是有这样一幅画《最后的晚餐》里人物位置的安排。故选G。 【3题详解】 本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题，数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F选项与此意切合：Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.里奥拉多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。故选F。 【4题详解】 在空格前面的描述中可以得知：达·芬奇在他探寻这些规则的时候，他认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的意见更重要，然后他经常通过事实得出观点。……他的目的是考量这个世界，以便于能够把它复制在自己美丽的图画和雕塑中。通过对上文的理解，达·芬奇做这些的最终目的是为了画画和创作。那么答案中必定有表示目的这一选项供我们选择。或者说在描述前面这么多细节后，再接着描述他到底想要做什么。因此E选项切合题意：Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.最重要的是，里奥拉多想要理解事物是如何运作的，又为什么会这么运作。故选E。 【5题详解】 根据空格后面两句话的结构可以看出：他的小速写……，更多的认真的画画，会用一支钢笔和尺在桌子旁边完成。然后讲他的一幅小速写卖了多少钱，是当今世界上最贵的一幅画。空格在这一段的开头处，可以得出答案一定会有一个总起的作用的结论，就是要为后面所说的两件事情都与画画有关。能够充当此角色的只有A选项切合此意：Leonardo was always drawing. 里奥拉多总是画画。故选A。 完形填空 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记叙了女儿饲养小动物，对饲养动物积极的态度，以及他们喂食屋檐下的麻雀，与麻雀一家建立关系的事情。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很兴奋，把它们照顾得很好。A. looked看； B. took拿，照顾； C. acquired获得；D. reminded使……想起。根据上文可知，作者给女儿买了两只鸡，应当是“照顾”它们，动词短语take good care of(好好照顾)，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，几天后，两只鸡都死了。A. Slightly轻轻地；B. Definitely完全；C. Extremely特别，尤其；D. Unluckily不幸的是。根据“both chickens died”可知，两只鸡都死了，这是“不幸”，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们的死，她哭了起来。A. desire欲望；B. escape逃离；C. focus 关注；D. death死亡。根据“both chickens died”可知，作者的女儿为鸡的“死”哭泣。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我错了。A. certain确定的；B. sure肯定的；C. wrong错的；D. right对的。根据however以及下文“She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail.”可知，作者女儿还是想养小动物，可知，作者认为女儿养小动物的想法到此为止是错的。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次失败丝毫没有让我的女儿难过。A. argument争辩；B. happiness幸福，开心；C. success成功；D. failure失败。根据上文可知，作者女儿养的两只鸡死了，这是一次“失败”，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：这次失败丝毫没有让我女儿难过。A. some一些；B. any任何；C. no没有；D. every全都。根据下文“She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail.”可知，作者女儿并没有因为这次失败而感到难过，还想养小动物。短语in any way(在任何方面)，与否定搭配时表示“丝毫没有”，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年冬天的一天，我注意到屋檐下有一窝麻雀。A. family家庭； B. couple一对； C. pair一双，一对；D. pile一堆。根据下文“From then on, we have 14 a kind of relationship with the sparrow family.”可知是一窝麻雀，a family of 表示“一窝”，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，麻雀们纷纷降落在窗台上，啄食着米饭。A. before之前；B. after 之后；C. more更多；D. later以后，稍后。根据语境可知，作者叫女儿在窗台上放米饭，几分钟后麻雀来啄食米饭，A few minutes later 表示“几分钟后”。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，麻雀们纷纷降落在窗台上，啄食着米饭。A. bread面包；B. rice米饭；C. fruit水果；D. vegetable蔬菜。根据上文“So I told my daughter to put some rice on the windowsill (窗台).”可知，作者叫女儿在窗台上放米饭，所以麻雀啄食米饭。 故选B。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们住在外面有多冷？A. downwards向下；B. upwards向上；C. inside里面； D. outside外面。根据上文“Mum, can we catch and cage (圈养) the sparrows, and let them live with us in the room ”可知，作者女儿想讲麻雀抓起圈养在室内，由此可知她发问“麻雀住在外面有多冷？”。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哦，亲爱的，我不认为这是个好主意。你知道，自由对麻雀来说很重要”我向她解释道。A. explained解释；B. adapted适应；C. attached附上；D. preferred偏爱。 根据语境和下文““ 12 is important for sparrows. No onecan keep them in a cage. If they are 13 , they will die quickly. They are used to living in the open air. Moreover, they have warm nests under the eaves.”可知，作者在向女儿“解释”，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. Spring春天；B. Freedom自由；C. Trees树木；D. Nests鸟巢。 根据下文“They are used to living in the open air. ”可知，“自由”对于麻雀来说很重要，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们被抓住，他们会很快死去。A. concerned关注；B. shot射击；C. caught抓住；D. viewed看。 根据上文提到“自由对于麻雀来说很重要”以及下文“They are used to living in the open air. ”可知，麻雀被抓住，很快就会死。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从此，我们与麻雀家族建立了一种关系。A. made up弥补，组成，化妆，编造；B. pulled up拔起，停车；C. set up建立；D. cheered up欢呼。 根据下文“We feed them and treat them as pet birds. 15 , we do not need to possess them. We enjoy seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches, leaves and flowers in the spring morning.”可知，我们与麻雀“建立了”一种关系，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们并不需要拥有它们。A. But仅仅，但是； B. However 然而；C. Then之后；D. Otherwise 否则。根据上一句“We feed them and treat them as pet birds.(我们喂它们，把它们当作宠物鸟)”可知，前后文之间构成转折对比关系，应用表示转折的副词however连接上下文，故选B。 【课后巩固训练】 阅读理解 A For many of us, there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book. Whether it’s a crime story or a biography of someone’s amazing life, it’s good to read a book to switch off from the distractions of everyday life and help us relax. Maybe that’s why some of them are actually described as a therapy to sickness. It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can ‘broaden the mind’. A good novel can make us happy or sad, or make us cry as we sympathize with characters. The power of books was recognized a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, concerning topics from depression to chronic（慢性的)pain. It called this “bibliotherapy” and it’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as well. Professor Philip Davis studies the effects of literature and is author of a book called Reading for Life. He studied people in reading groups and found that it’s reading literature — written works thought to have artistic value, that has the best effect. “When reading something for pleasure, the brain begins to work from different parts, from a different hemisphere and it gets excited, it gets pre-emotional — and you can see the brain coming to life.” he said. Of course, it’s easy in our smartphone generation to desert a good book and play with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health. It’s thought they can help you set targets and find focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation you’ve been anxious about for weeks from someone else’s perspective. If you’re not a keen reader it can be hard to know where to begin. If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be attracted! And if you still love your technology, you could always use an e-reader. 1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs A. Books are a better way to cure sickness. B. Reading allows one to focus on daily life. C. “Bibliotherapy” has proved effective for adults. D. Reading Agency first realized the power of books. 2. What is the purpose of the passage A. To state functions of various books. B. To value medical effects of reading. C. To advocate people doing more reading. D. To recommend books listed in Reading Agency. 3. According to Professor Phillip Davis, ____________. A. not all literature has artistic value B. written works have educational value C. literature is a main source of pleasure D. reading literature can activate the brain 4. What is the advantage of paperbacks over smartphones A. They are less addictive. B. They are more accessible. C. They benefit your mental health. D. They rid you of awkward situations. B Becoming old may not be something that’s yet to cross your mind. But aging is going to defeat us one day, so it’s something we’d all like to control. It would be great to have a long, healthy and happy life, and that’s why scientists are constantly seeking out what we need to do to achieve it. We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years we’ve been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy. But the latest piece of research might make you happy if you’re someone who walks at a fast speed. That’s because the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains and their bodies are aging. The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1, 000 people found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated (加速的) aging”. Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those walking faster. The study also found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower speed to work out. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and sport skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing which people will have a healthier life. So, what’s the point of knowing that a slower walking speed might mean a smaller brain Researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age and understanding what this might mean could be a way of testing treatments to slow human aging. 5. What does the latest research show A. The speed of walking is a sign of aging. B. Regular exercise is good for our health. C. Slower walkers tend to be younger. D. Walking 10,000 steps a day is helpful. 6. How did the researchers get the result A. By carrying out surveys. B. By searching information on the Internet. C. By doing tests on some people. D. By performing experiments in the lab. 7. What can we know about slower walkers according to paragraph 3 A. Their teeth were in better shape. B. Their faces looked younger. C. They should try to exercise less. D. They had smaller brains. 8. What is the best title of the passage A. Forever Young. B. Slow walking and aging. C. Slow Life. D. Walk slowly, Live happily. 阅读理解 A 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了书籍的力量，通过阅读一本书来放松自己，来摆脱日常生活中的纷纷扰扰。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For many of us, there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book.(对我们许多人来说，没有什么比埋头读一本好书更好的了)”以及第二段“The power of books was recognized a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, concerning topics from depression to chronic pain. It called this “bibliotherapy” and it’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as well.(几年前，英国慈善阅读机构认识到了书籍的力量，该机构出版了一份医生可以向患者提供的书籍清单，涉及从抑郁症到慢性疼痛等主题。它称之为“阅读疗法”，它已经非常成功，即将推广到儿童身上)”可知，已经证明“阅读疗法”对成年人有作用。故选C项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can ‘broaden the mind’.(显然，阅读对我们有好处。它可以是教育性的，正如一些人所说，它可以“开阔视野”)”以及最后一段“If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be attracted!(如果阅读机构的书单没有吸引力，你可以阅读书评，参观图书馆或书店，或者询问朋友。一旦你找到了正确的文字，你就会被吸引！)”可知，本文主要介绍了书籍的重要作用，目的是为了提倡人们多读书。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““When reading something for pleasure, the brain begins to work from different parts, from a different hemisphere and it gets excited, it gets pre-emotional — and you can see the brain coming to life.” he said.(他说：“当为了快乐而阅读时，大脑开始从不同的部位、不同的半球开始工作，它变得兴奋，变得情绪化，你可以看到大脑开始活跃起来。”)”可知，菲利普·戴维斯教授认为阅读可以使大脑变得活跃。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Of course, it’s easy in our smartphone generation to desert a good book and play with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health.(当然，在我们的智能手机时代，很容易放弃一本好书，转而玩我们的手机。但是，打开一本平装书可能是帮助促进或保持我们心理健康的简单方法)”可知，与智能手机相比，平装书有益于促进或保持心理健康。故选C项。 B 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，走得慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人会更加健康，因此我们要在年轻的时候就改变生活方式，快速走路，来延长健康的精神和身体状态。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the latest piece of research might make you happy if you’re someone who walks at a fast speed. That’s because the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains and their bodies are aging.(但最新的一项研究可能会让你感到高兴，如果你是一个走得快的人。这是因为人们在40多岁时的走路速度是他们大脑和身体衰老程度的标志。)”可知，最新的研究表明，走路的速度是衰老程度的标志。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1, 000 people found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated (加速的) aging”.(BBC的菲利帕·罗克斯比写道，对1000人进行的测试发现，走得慢的人往往会出现“加速衰老”的迹象。)”可知，研究人员是通过对一些人们进行测试得到这个结果的。故选C项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The study also found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains.(研究还发现，走路慢的人不仅身体衰老得更快，他们的脸看起来也更老，而且他们的大脑也更小)”可知，走路慢的人的大脑也更小。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，走的慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人会更加健康，所以B选项“走路慢和衰老”能概括文章大意，适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 写作 假定你是李华，你校将为正在本校学习的外国交换生举办一场中国古诗朗诵比赛，请给你的交换生朋友—来自英国的George一写封邮件，邀请他参加该比赛。 内容包括： 1、比赛时间、地点； 2、比赛目的； 3、比赛要求：用中文朗诵一首唐诗或宋词； 4、报名方式和截止时间。 参考词汇 朗诵比赛 recitation contest 唐诗 Tang poems 宋词 Song lyric poems 注意： 写作词数应为80左右；可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear George, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! 【答案】 Dear George, I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. Each participant is required to recite a Tang poem or a Song lyric poem within 5 minutes. If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. I’d love it if you could accept my invitation. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生朋友George写邮件，邀请他参加中国古诗朗诵比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→organize 比赛：contest→competition 帮助：help→assist 报名：sign up→enroll 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. 拓展句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students”, which will be held in our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. (运用了过去分词作状语) 【高分句型2】If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句)
【同步知识梳理】 一、单词解析 知识点1：exchange n. 交换，交流，兑换 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Last year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an exchange student. 去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国的一所中学学习。 常用搭配：in exchange for… 例：It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money in exchange for favors to them. 公务人员为某些人提供便利以换取礼品或金钱的行为是非法的。 ② vt. 交换，交流，兑换 常见搭配：exchange sth. with sb. 和某人交换某物 exchange A for B 用A换B 例：If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. 如果课程不能让您十分满意，您可以轻松将其换成我们提供的其他任何课程。 例题训练： ①I’ve never ______________________ those moms. 我从来没和那些妈妈们说过话。 ②Would you like my old TV ______________________________ 用我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？ ①exchanged words with ②in exchange for this camera 知识点2：alarm n. 闹钟，恐慌，警报，警报器 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我如此喜欢它以至于我仍然在用它作为我的闹钟！ 常用搭配：in alarm 惊恐地（常用作状语） raise/ sound the alarm 发出警报 a fire/ smoke alarm 防火/ 烟雾警报器 an alarm clock 闹钟 an alarm system 警报系统 例：I turned in alarm as the wind blew the door open. 风把门吹开，我惊慌地转过头看。 ② vt. 使惊恐，使害怕 例：This is an unfortunate aspect of the Internet that alarms me. 这是英特网一个不利的方面， 使我有些不安。 联想词： alarmed adj. 担忧的，恐慌的 be alarmed by/ at sth. 因某事而恐慌 be alarmed to do sth. 做某事而感到恐慌 例：I was alarmed to see the men carrying guns. 看到那些人带着枪我感到很恐慌。 ② alarming adj. 令人担忧的，令人恐慌的 例：As we all know, with the development of science and technology, the earth’s resources are running out at an alarming rate, so we should make good use of them. 众所周知，随着科技的发展，地球的资源正在以惊人的速度消耗着，因此我们应该充分利用它们。 例题训练： ①__________________ in the middle of the night . 半夜里一辆汽车的警报器突然响了起来 ②She shrieked____________ when she saw the mouse. 她看见老鼠时惊恐地尖声喊叫起来。 ③Our countryside is disappearing _________________. 我们的农村地区正在以惊人的速度消亡。 ①A car alarm went off ②in alarm ③at an alarming rate 知识点3：contribution n. 贡献，捐款，捐赠，稿件 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Class discussion is very important in the UK, but I could not make much of a contribution because sometimes I wasn’t able to express myself clearly in English. 课堂讨论在英国很重要，但我做不了多少贡献，因为有时候我无法清楚地用英语表达自己的想法。 ◆n.贡献；捐赠；捐款；投稿 contribute to 有助于；导致，促成； contribute … to … 向… 投稿/ 捐赠 make (great) contributions to 对…做出(巨大的)贡献 ①We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。 ②The three sons also contribute to the family business. 3个儿子也为家族企业做贡献。 ③ Learning English makes contributions to one's development to some extent. 英语也为个人发展做出一定得贡献。 联想词：contribute vi & vt. 捐献，捐赠；（给报纸，杂志）撰稿，投稿vi.促成 contributor n. 投稿人，捐款人，促成者 例题训练： ①We're not saying that everyone needs to ___________________________. 我们并不是要每个人都必须为穷人奉献生命。 ②I believe that each of us can ______________ the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。 ②I persuaded myself that I could _______________________________. 我相信我能为祖国作出贡献。 ①contribute their lives to the poor ②contribute to ③make contributions to the motherland 知识点4：fortunately 用法解析及拓展： 原文：Fortunately, my teachers and classmates were always helpful and gave me lots of encouragement. 幸运的是，我的老师和同学们一直乐于助人，给了我很多鼓励。 （教材P12） ◆adv. 幸运的；辛亏 make a fortunate 发财 try one’s fortunate 碰运气 be fortunate in 在某方面幸运 be fortunate to do sth. 有幸做某事 ①I was late, but fortunately the meeting hadn't started. 我迟到了，不过幸好会议还没有开始。 ②I was fortunate to be one of the lucky user. 我有幸成为幸运网友之一。 ③We became companions in misfortune. 我们成了患难之交。 联想词：fortune n. 财富；命运；运气 fortunate adj. adj. 幸运的;吉利的 misfortune n. 不幸 unfortunate adj. unfortunately adv. 知识点5：attract vt. 吸引，使喜欢，招引，引起（反应） 用法解析及拓展： 例：The one that attracted me most was the Rugby club.最吸引我的是英式橄榄球俱乐部。 常见搭配： attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某物 例：Professor David Wilson thinks that it can attract the police’s attention to group behavior. 戴维·威尔逊教授认为它可以吸引警察关注群体行为。 联想词：attraction n. 吸引力，有吸引力的事，向往的地方 tourist attraction 风景区 attractive adj. 有吸引力的 二、句型运用 知识点1：so…that… 引导结果状语从句（P11） 原文：I like it so much that I still use it as my alarm！我是那么的喜欢它以至于我仍然拿它当闹钟！ 用法解析及拓展： 本句中“so…that…”意为 “如此…以至于…”so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；that引导结果状语从句。具体形式如下： so + adj./adv + that 从句 so +adj.+ a/an+ 可数名词单数 + that 从句 so + many/ few/ much/ little + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 + that 从句 例：The stone is so heavy that I can‘t lift it up. This is so important a meeting that you should attend it.
There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close to the building. 备注： so that 也可以连在一起使用；可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句；引导目的状语从句相当于 “in order that” ①She burned the letters so that her husband would never read them. ②You've adjusted the microscope so that it reflects! such… that… 中such 常用来修饰名词，具体形式如下： such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that从句 such + adj. + 不可数名词 + that从句 such + adj. + 可数名词复数 + that从句 ①She is such a good teacher that all of us love and respect her. ②It was such bad weather that I had to stay at home. ③They are such interesting books that I want to read them once more. 例题训练： 他是如此聪明的一个孩子以至于老师们都很喜欢他 ① _________________________________________ ② _________________________________________ ①He is so clever that teachers like him very much. ②He is such a clever boy that teachers like him very much. 【精题精练精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.The newspaper published a ____________ (tough) worded article about racist behaviour. 2.____________(fortunate), after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to leave and later the family met up for dinner. 3.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an ____________ (attract) activity, however,says Jaclyn Norberg. 4.Our school has changed ____________ much that you may not recognize it at first glance. 5.What do you think is the best way ____________ (improve) our oral English 6.This year, ____________ was hard to tell whether my prize or the one chosen by my 14-year-old brother, Jason, was the winner. 7.____________ (go) from junior high school to senior high school is really a big challenge. 8.We are always admiring the old scientist for his great ____________ (contribute) to the country. 9.You can’t hide all the time, ____________ you will be found sooner or later. 10.____________ (walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. Ⅱ.选词填空 get on well,be different from,put together,make a contribution,over time,make friends with,as well,lay out
1.He ________________ to building a school so that those poor children could receive education. 2.The first time I ________________ the clean white cloth and asked the kids to sign it, my family looked at me as if I were crazy. 3.If your behaviour is not good, no one will consider ________________ you. 4.The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively even though they ________________ his own. 5.It’s a skill we have developed from a young age and perfected ________________. 6.I invite you to ask questions in class or, if you prefer, after class ________________. 7.Some sugar and vinegar ________________, and the mixture tastes not too bad. 8.They’re very different, though they did seem to ________________ when they met. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.长城是一个著名的旅游景点，每年有数百万人涌入。(so...that...) The Great Wall is ____________________________________ millions of people pour in every year. 2.上某些课的时候，班上的同学也不一样，所以对于我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。(it is+adj.+for sb to do) We also had different students in some classes, so____________________________________ all the faces and names. 3.一起做饭给了我们放松和互相了解对方的生活的机会。(动名词作主语) ____________________________________ to relax and know about each other’s life. 4.他们可能会错过一个为全世界树立榜样的机会。(动词不定式作定语) They could be missing ____________________________________ for the world. 5.不幸的是，那位老人从自行车上摔下来，摔断了左腿。(现在分词作状语) Unfortunately, the old man fell off the bike, ____________________________________. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.toughly 2.Fortunately 3.attractive 4.so 5.to improve 6.it 7.Going 8.contribution 9.because 10.Walking Ⅱ.选词填空 1.made a contribution 2.laid out 3.making friends with 4.are different from 5.over time 6.as well 7.are put together 8.get on well Ⅲ.完成句子 1.so well-known a tourist attraction that 2.it was hard for me to remember 3.Cooking together gives us a chance 4.a chance to set an example 5.breaking his left leg 【能力拓展训练】 语法填空 Experiences are acquired through our journey in life; we choose and create our beliefs, fears and opinions ___1___ (base) on all our experiences in life. Even though things and life are the way they are, we all have different opinions and beliefs about everything and everybody. Other people have opinions about us too. But ___2___ really matters is the opinion we have about ___3___ (we). You either choose to accept and follow what other people believe ___4___decide to be yourself and live according to the reality of life. ___5___living life as it is and being yourself, you create an image about yourself. It is extremely important ___6___ (understand) how this image, created by your beliefs and imagination, directs and influences your ___7___ (grow). This image___8___ you create about yourself determines who you are and how you feel; it determines how successful you become in life. Everything starts in the mind. If you really want to accomplish your dreams, ___9___(picture) yourself having and living the life you want. Believe in yourself and be ____10____ (confidence)! It doesn’t matter how bad or difficult the circumstances may look like. In short, you are as happy or sad as you see yourself. 七选五 Leonardo da Vinci and Nature In the modern world, art and science are two very separate activities, but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. ___1___Mathematics included practical work like surveying land for making maps as well as measuring the movements of the stars in the sky. An artist might need to measure the different parts of the body. He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct. ___2___ Mathematics was also connected to music because musical sounds have a fixed relationship with each other that can be described in numbers. ___3___More than this, though, Leonardo believed that numbers were a part of all things in the world, including music, and he said that “without them nothing can be done.” “Nature has kindly given us things everywhere to copy,” wrote Leonardo. In all his activities, Leonardo was trying to discover the rules that control nature. In his search for those rules, he looked very carefully at a lot of examples and details. Actual experience was more important to him than opinion, and he worked from facts to ideas. ____4____ His purpose was to examine the world so he could copy it in beautiful paintings and sculptures. He also wanted to learn from the clever solutions of nature. ___5___ His quick little sketches, often done while wandering outside, helped him to catch a movement or a shape. More careful drawings would be done at a desk with a pen and ruler. In July 2001, a small drawing by Leonardo was sold for $12 million. It was the most expensive drawing in the world. A. Leonardo was always drawing. B. How could these be connected with art C. Leonardo was also an influential philosopher. D. Mathematicians and doctors worked to discover the unknown. E. Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked. F. Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing. G. You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper. 完形填空 My daughter has been crazy about raising a pet for a long time. Last spring I bought two small chickens for her. She got excited and ____1____ good care of them. ____2____, a few days later, both chickens died. She burst into tears because of their ____3____. I helped her bury the two chickens under a tree behind our house. I thought it would be the end of her idea. However, I was ____4____. Children are children after all. The ____5____ hasn’t upset my daughter in ____6____ way. She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail. One day last winter, I noticed a ____7____ of sparrows (麻雀) under the eaves (屋檐) of the house. So I told my daughter to put some rice on the windowsill (窗台). A few minutes ____8____, the sparrows came to land on the windowsill one after another and pecked (啄) at the ____9____. Suddenly my daughter asked me, “Mum, can we catch and cage (圈养) the sparrows, and let them live with us in the room How cold it is for them to live ____10____.” “Oh, my dear, I do not think it is a good idea. You know,” I ____11____ to her. “____12____ is important for sparrows. No one can keep them in a cage. If they are ____13____, they will die quickly. They are used to living in the open air. Moreover, they have warm nests under the eaves.” From then on, we have ____14____ a kind of relationship with the sparrow family. We feed them and treat them as pet birds. ____15____, we do not need to possess them. We enjoy seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches, leaves and flowers in the spring morning. 1. A. looked B. took C. acquired D. reminded 2. A. Slightly B. Definitely C. Extremely D. Unluckily 3. A. desire B. escape C. focus D. death 4. A. certain B. sure C. wrong D. right 5. A. argument B. happiness C. success D. failure 6. A. some B. any C. no D. every 7. A. family B. couple C. pair D. pile 8. A. before B. after C. more D. later 9. A. bread B. rice C. fruit D. vegetable 10. A. downwards B. upwards C. inside D. outside 11. A. explained B. adapted C. attached D. preferred 12. A. Spring B. Freedom C. Trees D. Nests 13. A. concerned B. shot C. caught D. viewed 14. A. made up B. pulled up C. set up D. cheered up 15. A. But B. However C. Then D. Otherwise 语法填空 1. based 2. what 3. ourselves 4. or 5. By 6. to understand 7. growth 8. that##which 9. picture 10. confident 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们的经历和个人形象之间的关系以及个人形象的重要性。我们的经历决定了我们对自己的看法，我们对自己的看法又创造出我们的个人形象。人生中最重要的就是我们对自己的看法与态度。 【1题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们根据生活中的所有经历来选择和创造我们的信念、恐惧和观点。短语be based on表示“以……为基础”，此处省略be动词，用过去分词做后置定语。故填based。 【2题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：但真正重要的是我们对自己的看法。分析句子可知，此处是一个主语从句，且从句中缺主语，故应用what来引导。故填what。 【3题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：但真正重要的是我们对自己的看法。结合句意，此处表示真正重要的是我们对自己的看法，应用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 【4题详解】 考查连词。句意：你要么选择接受和追随别人的信仰，要么决定做你自己，按照现实生活的方式生活。分析句子可知，这里考查either ...or ...是固定搭配，意为“要么……要么……”。故填or。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：通过真实的生活和做你自己，你创造了一个关于你自己的形象。分析句子可知，此处表示通过真实的生活和做你自己应用介词by。句首单词首字母要大写。故填By。 【6题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：理解这个由你的信念和想象力创造的形象如何指导和影响你的成长是极其重要的。此处为固定句型“It is+adj+to do sth.”，不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语。故填to understand。 【7题详解】 考查名词。句意：理解这个由你的信念和想象力创造的形象如何指导和影响你的成长是极其重要的。分析句子可知，空处作宾语，表示“成长”应用应用名词growth，表抽象概念不可数。故填growth。 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：你为自己创造的形象决定了你是谁和你的感受；它决定了你在生活中有多成功。此处为定语从句修饰先行词image，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 【9题详解】 考查祈使句。句意：如果你真的想实现你的梦想，想象你自己拥有和过着你想要的生活，相信自己，自信！分析句子可知，if后为条件状语从句，所以此空应填动词原形构成祈使句作主句，而picture oneself doing sth表“想象自己在做什么”，为固定搭配。故填picture。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果你真的想实现你的梦想，想象你自己拥有和过着你想要的生活，相信自己，自信！根据空前的be动词可知，此处应用形容词confident，作表语。故填confident。 七选五 【答案】BGFEA 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇科普说明文。通过对达·芬奇与自然是如何结合起来进行艺术创作这一事件进行以下方面的说明：数学、音乐与艺术的关系，以及自然与艺术的关系。 【1题详解】 空格前面两句，由但是引导的句子提示我们，在里奥拉多时代，科学与艺术紧密相连。科学意味着数学和医学研究， but in Leonardo’s time they were closely connected. Science meant mathematics and medical studies. 那他们是如何紧密联系在一起的呢？这样看来B选项How could these be connected with art 那这些是如何与艺术紧密相联系的呢？这是西方作者行文的特点即渐进式重复主题，切合题意。故选B。 【2题详解】 He could also use mathematics to place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting so the scene looked correct.从空格前面这句里面的place things in relationship to each other in a drawing or painting.把所画的事物在一幅画里面彼此之间的位置关系安排的妥妥的。这里读出两点信息：一是in a drawing or painting.一是place things.根据这两点信息可以推出答案里面必须要有一幅画和位置的描述。G选项刚好切合此意：You will see a good example of such positioning in the painting of The Last Supper.你会看到一个好的例子，就是有这样一幅画《最后的晚餐》里人物位置的安排。故选G。 【3题详解】 本段描述的是与音乐有关的话题，数学与音乐的关系。因此可以推出达·芬奇也应该熟悉并精通音乐。F选项与此意切合：Leonardo himself was a very good musician and liked to play an instrument and sing.里奥拉多他自己就是一个非常优秀的音乐家，喜欢演奏乐器和唱歌。故选F。 【4题详解】 在空格前面的描述中可以得知：达·芬奇在他探寻这些规则的时候，他认真仔细地观察大量的实例和细节。实践经历比起他自己的意见更重要，然后他经常通过事实得出观点。……他的目的是考量这个世界，以便于能够把它复制在自己美丽的图画和雕塑中。通过对上文的理解，达·芬奇做这些的最终目的是为了画画和创作。那么答案中必定有表示目的这一选项供我们选择。或者说在描述前面这么多细节后，再接着描述他到底想要做什么。因此E选项切合题意：Above all, Leonardo wanted to understand how and why things worked.最重要的是，里奥拉多想要理解事物是如何运作的，又为什么会这么运作。故选E。 【5题详解】 根据空格后面两句话的结构可以看出：他的小速写……，更多的认真的画画，会用一支钢笔和尺在桌子旁边完成。然后讲他的一幅小速写卖了多少钱，是当今世界上最贵的一幅画。空格在这一段的开头处，可以得出答案一定会有一个总起的作用的结论，就是要为后面所说的两件事情都与画画有关。能够充当此角色的只有A选项切合此意：Leonardo was always drawing. 里奥拉多总是画画。故选A。 完形填空 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在文中记叙了女儿饲养小动物，对饲养动物积极的态度，以及他们喂食屋檐下的麻雀，与麻雀一家建立关系的事情。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她很兴奋，把它们照顾得很好。A. looked看； B. took拿，照顾； C. acquired获得；D. reminded使……想起。根据上文可知，作者给女儿买了两只鸡，应当是“照顾”它们，动词短语take good care of(好好照顾)，故选B。 【22题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，几天后，两只鸡都死了。A. Slightly轻轻地；B. Definitely完全；C. Extremely特别，尤其；D. Unluckily不幸的是。根据“both chickens died”可知，两只鸡都死了，这是“不幸”，故选D。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们的死，她哭了起来。A. desire欲望；B. escape逃离；C. focus 关注；D. death死亡。根据“both chickens died”可知，作者的女儿为鸡的“死”哭泣。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我错了。A. certain确定的；B. sure肯定的；C. wrong错的；D. right对的。根据however以及下文“She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail.”可知，作者女儿还是想养小动物，可知，作者认为女儿养小动物的想法到此为止是错的。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次失败丝毫没有让我的女儿难过。A. argument争辩；B. happiness幸福，开心；C. success成功；D. failure失败。根据上文可知，作者女儿养的两只鸡死了，这是一次“失败”，故选D。 【26题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：这次失败丝毫没有让我女儿难过。A. some一些；B. any任何；C. no没有；D. every全都。根据下文“She still tried to keep a small animal or even a snail.”可知，作者女儿并没有因为这次失败而感到难过，还想养小动物。短语in any way(在任何方面)，与否定搭配时表示“丝毫没有”，故选B。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：去年冬天的一天，我注意到屋檐下有一窝麻雀。A. family家庭； B. couple一对； C. pair一双，一对；D. pile一堆。根据下文“From then on, we have 14 a kind of relationship with the sparrow family.”可知是一窝麻雀，a family of 表示“一窝”，故选A。 【28题详解】 考查介词和副词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，麻雀们纷纷降落在窗台上，啄食着米饭。A. before之前；B. after 之后；C. more更多；D. later以后，稍后。根据语境可知，作者叫女儿在窗台上放米饭，几分钟后麻雀来啄食米饭，A few minutes later 表示“几分钟后”。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，麻雀们纷纷降落在窗台上，啄食着米饭。A. bread面包；B. rice米饭；C. fruit水果；D. vegetable蔬菜。根据上文“So I told my daughter to put some rice on the windowsill (窗台).”可知，作者叫女儿在窗台上放米饭，所以麻雀啄食米饭。 故选B。 【30题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它们住在外面有多冷？A. downwards向下；B. upwards向上；C. inside里面； D. outside外面。根据上文“Mum, can we catch and cage (圈养) the sparrows, and let them live with us in the room ”可知，作者女儿想讲麻雀抓起圈养在室内，由此可知她发问“麻雀住在外面有多冷？”。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“哦，亲爱的，我不认为这是个好主意。你知道，自由对麻雀来说很重要”我向她解释道。A. explained解释；B. adapted适应；C. attached附上；D. preferred偏爱。 根据语境和下文““ 12 is important for sparrows. No onecan keep them in a cage. If they are 13 , they will die quickly. They are used to living in the open air. Moreover, they have warm nests under the eaves.”可知，作者在向女儿“解释”，故选A。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. Spring春天；B. Freedom自由；C. Trees树木；D. Nests鸟巢。 根据下文“They are used to living in the open air. ”可知，“自由”对于麻雀来说很重要，故选B。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果他们被抓住，他们会很快死去。A. concerned关注；B. shot射击；C. caught抓住；D. viewed看。 根据上文提到“自由对于麻雀来说很重要”以及下文“They are used to living in the open air. ”可知，麻雀被抓住，很快就会死。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：从此，我们与麻雀家族建立了一种关系。A. made up弥补，组成，化妆，编造；B. pulled up拔起，停车；C. set up建立；D. cheered up欢呼。 根据下文“We feed them and treat them as pet birds. 15 , we do not need to possess them. We enjoy seeing these little birds flying and jumping among branches, leaves and flowers in the spring morning.”可知，我们与麻雀“建立了”一种关系，故选C。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们并不需要拥有它们。A. But仅仅，但是； B. However 然而；C. Then之后；D. Otherwise 否则。根据上一句“We feed them and treat them as pet birds.(我们喂它们，把它们当作宠物鸟)”可知，前后文之间构成转折对比关系，应用表示转折的副词however连接上下文，故选B。 【课后巩固训练】 阅读理解 A For many of us, there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book. Whether it’s a crime story or a biography of someone’s amazing life, it’s good to read a book to switch off from the distractions of everyday life and help us relax. Maybe that’s why some of them are actually described as a therapy to sickness. It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can ‘broaden the mind’. A good novel can make us happy or sad, or make us cry as we sympathize with characters. The power of books was recognized a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, concerning topics from depression to chronic（慢性的)pain. It called this “bibliotherapy” and it’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as well. Professor Philip Davis studies the effects of literature and is author of a book called Reading for Life. He studied people in reading groups and found that it’s reading literature — written works thought to have artistic value, that has the best effect. “When reading something for pleasure, the brain begins to work from different parts, from a different hemisphere and it gets excited, it gets pre-emotional — and you can see the brain coming to life.” he said. Of course, it’s easy in our smartphone generation to desert a good book and play with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health. It’s thought they can help you set targets and find focus. And they may allow you to see that awkward situation you’ve been anxious about for weeks from someone else’s perspective. If you’re not a keen reader it can be hard to know where to begin. If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be attracted! And if you still love your technology, you could always use an e-reader. 1. What can be learned from the first two paragraphs A. Books are a better way to cure sickness. B. Reading allows one to focus on daily life. C. “Bibliotherapy” has proved effective for adults. D. Reading Agency first realized the power of books. 2. What is the purpose of the passage A. To state functions of various books. B. To value medical effects of reading. C. To advocate people doing more reading. D. To recommend books listed in Reading Agency. 3. According to Professor Phillip Davis, ____________. A. not all literature has artistic value B. written works have educational value C. literature is a main source of pleasure D. reading literature can activate the brain 4. What is the advantage of paperbacks over smartphones A. They are less addictive. B. They are more accessible. C. They benefit your mental health. D. They rid you of awkward situations. B Becoming old may not be something that’s yet to cross your mind. But aging is going to defeat us one day, so it’s something we’d all like to control. It would be great to have a long, healthy and happy life, and that’s why scientists are constantly seeking out what we need to do to achieve it. We all know that regular exercise is good for us. In recent years we’ve been told to aim to walk 10,000 steps a day to remain healthy. But the latest piece of research might make you happy if you’re someone who walks at a fast speed. That’s because the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains and their bodies are aging. The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1, 000 people found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated (加速的) aging”. Their lungs, teeth and immune systems were in worse shape than those walking faster. The study also found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains. This might be seen as a wake-up call for people with a slower speed to work out. But it might be too late; researchers say they were able to predict the walking speed of 45-year-olds using the results of intelligence, language and sport skills tests from when they were aged three. They also suggest that even in early life, there are signs showing which people will have a healthier life. So, what’s the point of knowing that a slower walking speed might mean a smaller brain Researchers say measuring walking speed at a younger age and understanding what this might mean could be a way of testing treatments to slow human aging. 5. What does the latest research show A. The speed of walking is a sign of aging. B. Regular exercise is good for our health. C. Slower walkers tend to be younger. D. Walking 10,000 steps a day is helpful. 6. How did the researchers get the result A. By carrying out surveys. B. By searching information on the Internet. C. By doing tests on some people. D. By performing experiments in the lab. 7. What can we know about slower walkers according to paragraph 3 A. Their teeth were in better shape. B. Their faces looked younger. C. They should try to exercise less. D. They had smaller brains. 8. What is the best title of the passage A. Forever Young. B. Slow walking and aging. C. Slow Life. D. Walk slowly, Live happily. 阅读理解 A 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了书籍的力量，通过阅读一本书来放松自己，来摆脱日常生活中的纷纷扰扰。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“For many of us, there’s nothing better than burying our head in a good book.(对我们许多人来说，没有什么比埋头读一本好书更好的了)”以及第二段“The power of books was recognized a few years ago by the British charity Reading Agency, who published a list of books that doctors could offer to patients, concerning topics from depression to chronic pain. It called this “bibliotherapy” and it’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as well.(几年前，英国慈善阅读机构认识到了书籍的力量，该机构出版了一份医生可以向患者提供的书籍清单，涉及从抑郁症到慢性疼痛等主题。它称之为“阅读疗法”，它已经非常成功，即将推广到儿童身上)”可知，已经证明“阅读疗法”对成年人有作用。故选C项。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“It may seem obvious that reading is good for us. It can be educational, and, as some say, it can ‘broaden the mind’.(显然，阅读对我们有好处。它可以是教育性的，正如一些人所说，它可以“开阔视野”)”以及最后一段“If the Reading Agency book list doesn’t appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or bookshop or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be attracted!(如果阅读机构的书单没有吸引力，你可以阅读书评，参观图书馆或书店，或者询问朋友。一旦你找到了正确的文字，你就会被吸引！)”可知，本文主要介绍了书籍的重要作用，目的是为了提倡人们多读书。故选C项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段““When reading something for pleasure, the brain begins to work from different parts, from a different hemisphere and it gets excited, it gets pre-emotional — and you can see the brain coming to life.” he said.(他说：“当为了快乐而阅读时，大脑开始从不同的部位、不同的半球开始工作，它变得兴奋，变得情绪化，你可以看到大脑开始活跃起来。”)”可知，菲利普·戴维斯教授认为阅读可以使大脑变得活跃。故选D项。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Of course, it’s easy in our smartphone generation to desert a good book and play with our phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help boost or maintain our mental health.(当然，在我们的智能手机时代，很容易放弃一本好书，转而玩我们的手机。但是，打开一本平装书可能是帮助促进或保持我们心理健康的简单方法)”可知，与智能手机相比，平装书有益于促进或保持心理健康。故选C项。 B 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. D 15. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究，走得慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人会更加健康，因此我们要在年轻的时候就改变生活方式，快速走路，来延长健康的精神和身体状态。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But the latest piece of research might make you happy if you’re someone who walks at a fast speed. That’s because the speed at which people walk in their 40s is a sign of how much their brains and their bodies are aging.(但最新的一项研究可能会让你感到高兴，如果你是一个走得快的人。这是因为人们在40多岁时的走路速度是他们大脑和身体衰老程度的标志。)”可知，最新的研究表明，走路的速度是衰老程度的标志。故选A项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The BBC’s Philippa Roxby writes that tests on 1, 000 people found that slower walkers tended to show signs of “accelerated (加速的) aging”.(BBC的菲利帕·罗克斯比写道，对1000人进行的测试发现，走得慢的人往往会出现“加速衰老”的迹象。)”可知，研究人员是通过对一些人们进行测试得到这个结果的。故选C项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The study also found not only did slower walkers’ bodies age more quickly, their faces looked older and they had smaller brains.(研究还发现，走路慢的人不仅身体衰老得更快，他们的脸看起来也更老，而且他们的大脑也更小)”可知，走路慢的人的大脑也更小。故选D项。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究，走的慢会导致衰老加速，而快速走路的人会更加健康，所以B选项“走路慢和衰老”能概括文章大意，适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 写作 假定你是李华，你校将为正在本校学习的外国交换生举办一场中国古诗朗诵比赛，请给你的交换生朋友—来自英国的George一写封邮件，邀请他参加该比赛。 内容包括： 1、比赛时间、地点； 2、比赛目的； 3、比赛要求：用中文朗诵一首唐诗或宋词； 4、报名方式和截止时间。 参考词汇 朗诵比赛 recitation contest 唐诗 Tang poems 宋词 Song lyric poems 注意： 写作词数应为80左右；可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear George, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes! 【答案】 Dear George, I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. Each participant is required to recite a Tang poem or a Song lyric poem within 5 minutes. If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. I’d love it if you could accept my invitation. Best wishes! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给交换生朋友George写邮件，邀请他参加中国古诗朗诵比赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举行：hold→organize 比赛：contest→competition 帮助：help→assist 报名：sign up→enroll 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students” to be held in our school. 拓展句：I’m writing to invite you to enter for the “Ancient Chinese Poetry Recitation Contest for Foreign Exchange Students”, which will be held in our school. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Scheduled at 8:00 a.m. on October 20th in the lecture hall, this activity is intended to help the foreign exchange students in our school acquire the wisdom of the glorious Chinese civilization and nourish their love of China. (运用了过去分词作状语) 【高分句型2】If you want to sign up, please fill in the application form on the school website before October 5th. (运用了If引导的条件状语从句)