Unit 1 Back to School Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案(含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册
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| 名称 | Unit 1 Back to School Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案(含答案）-2025-2026学年高中英语牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-05 10:56:47 | ||
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年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U1 Grammar - Integrated skills
【同步知识梳理】 一、单词解析 知识点1：focus n. 焦点，重点，中心点 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标会让你的生活有重点。 例：Our main focus is on helping people get back into work. 我们关注的重点是帮助人们再就业。 vt. & vi. (把…)集中于；调节（…的）焦距；使聚焦 常用搭配： focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于 focus one’s attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到某事上 近义短语：center on （注意力）集中到（=be centred on） concentrate …on 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 fix one’s attention /eyes/ mind on 把注意力/ 双眼/ 思想集中于…上（常用语被动语态） 例题训练： With the attention _______(focus) on the task,they had no time to take part in the party. focused 知识点2：detail n. 细节，具体情况，详情 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，并关注细节。 常用搭配： in detail 详细地（放在句末做状语） go into detail(s) 详细叙述 for further details 欲知详情 例：For further details, you can read the next chapter first. 知识点3：as a result of 由于 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. 有了你的行动，你的梦想就会实现，你也有希望过上幸福的生活。 特别注意：as a result “结果，因此”，单独做状语 例：As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. 结果，人类形成了至今仍存在的一系列的性格类型。 拓展：result in+ 结果，导致，造成 result from + 原因（由…而）造成 例句：The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles. We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past. 例题训练： Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result _______ doing too much shopping. His failure resulted _________ not working hard enough. of;from 知识点4：base vt. 以…为基础（依据） n. 根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. 相反，你应该基于你的能力和技巧来定目标。 常用搭配：be based on / upon 以…为根据/ 基础 例：Being an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. = Based on emotion rather than on reason, your important decision will make you regretful sooner or later. 把重要的决定建立在情感之上，而不是理性之上，你早晚要后悔的。 联想词：basic adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的 basically adv. 基本的，从跟本上说 basis n. 基础 （pl.） bases 例题训练： ________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. Basing 知识点5：remind vt.提醒, 使想起 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会让你想到你再为什么而努力并且让你精力集中。 常见用法： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，是某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人…. 例：The pictures will remind me of the days when we were in our hometown. 这些照片让我想起我们在故乡的日子。 I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. 我得经常提醒自己，有些鸟儿是关不住的，他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。 例题训练： The letter was an uncomfortable __________(remind) of my debts. reminder 知识点6：proposal propose vt. 提议；建议 suggestion / recommendation / advice （同义词） 用法解析及拓展： 原文：Proposal for a new club成立新俱乐部的提议、 ◆ n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚 put forward/ come up with a proposal 提出建议 make a proposal 提出建议；求婚 propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事 propose that … （should）do 提议/建议…做 ①How could you make a proposal without a ring 你怎么可以去求婚而不带上戒指呢？ ②He was the first person to propose the construction of the bridge. 他是第一个提议建这座桥的人。 ③She proposed that the book should be banned. 她提议查禁这本书 例题训练： ①He __________________ which was worth consideration. 他提出一项值得考虑的建议 ②_________________ pay the money from public funds. 有人提议用公款支付这笔钱。 ③His proposal that the system _______________ was rejected. 他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。 【答案】 ① put forward a proposal ② It was proposed to ③ should be changed 知识点7：aim n. 目的，目标，瞄准 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部目的：提高短篇故事的写作技巧。 常用搭配：take aim at 瞄准，批评； achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的 with the aim of…目的是 例：Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成这些目标需要团队合作。 ② vi. & vt. 力争做到，目的是，针对，瞄准 常用搭配：aim to do sth. 力争做到某事 aim at 瞄准，目的在于，针对 be aimed at doing sth. 旨在做某事 例：In a word, the programmer aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. 总之，这个计划的目的是鼓励学生们成为积极的市民并让他们在社会中发挥作用。 This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是为了提高学生的听说能力。 例题训练： We teenagers should_______________ something useful to the society. 我们青年人应该以为社会做贡献为目标。 What ________________ in New Year 在新的一年里你的目标是什么？ ③ She went to London __________________ a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。 ① aim at contributing ②do you aim to do ③with the aim of finding 二、句型运用 知识点1：过去分词作状语 原文：Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。（P7） 用法解析及拓展： 本句中“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词作方式状语。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，结果等。 ①Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. （时间状语） 当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。 ②Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. （原因状语） 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 ③Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. （条件状语） 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ④Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. （让步状语） 虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。 ⑤She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter. （伴随状语） 她走出房子，后面跟着她小女儿。 例题训练： ①_________________, water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 ② ________________what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with...), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 ③______________ in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ④________________ a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。 ⑤She sat by the window, ______ in thought. ①When heated ②Satisfied with ③Grown ④Explained ⑤lost 【同步语法梳理】 句子成分和句子结构 一．句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 指出下列句子中的主语及它的性质： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ① country music （名词） ②We （代词） ③One-third （数词） ④To swim （不定式） ⑤ Smoking （动名词） ⑥The rich （名词化的形容词） ⑦ When we are going to have an English test （主语从句） 2．谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 3. 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质： ①Our teacher of English is an American. ②Is it yours ③The weather has turned cold. ④The speech is exciting. ⑤Three times seven is twenty one ⑥His job is to teach English. ⑦His hobby is playing football. ⑧The machine must be out of order. ⑨Time is up. The class is over. ⑩The truth is that he has never been abroad. ① American （名词） ②yours （代词） ③cold. （形容词） ④exciting （分词） ⑤ twenty one exciting （数词） ⑥to teach English（不定式） ⑦ playing football（动名词） ⑧ out of order（介词短语） ⑨up/ over.（副词） ⑩ that he has never been abroad（表语从句） 4. 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质： ①They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. ②The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. ③How many dictionaries do you have I have five. ④They helped the old with their housework yesterday. ⑤He pretended not to see me. ⑥I enjoy listening to popular music. ⑦I think（that）he is fit for his office. ① exhibition （名词） ②me （代词） ③five （数词） ④the old （名词化形容词） ⑤ not to see me （不定式短语） ⑥listening to popular music （动名词短语） ⑦ listening to popular music（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their monitor. 5. 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质： ①His father named him Dongming. ②They painted their boat white. ③Let the fresh air in. ④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. ⑤We saw her entering the room. ⑥We found everything in the lab in good order. ⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now. Dongming （名词） ②white （形容词） ③in（副词）） ④to lend his money to you（不定式短语） ⑤ entering the room（现在分词） ⑥in good order（介词短语） ⑦ what your city is now（从句） 6. 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质： ①Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） ②China is a developing country; America is a developed country. ③There are thirty women teachers is our school. ④His rapid progress in English made us surprised. ⑤Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. ⑥The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. ⑦He is reading an article about how to learn English. ①beautiful（形容词） ②developing/ developed （代词） ③women （名词） ④His （代词） ⑤ to enter the classroom （不定式短语） ⑥teaching （动名词） ⑦about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7. 状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 指出下列句子中的状语以及其种类: ①How about meeting again at six （时间状语） ②Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） ③I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） ④Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） ⑤She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） ⑥She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） ⑦In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） ⑧He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） ⑨She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） ⑩I am taller than he is.（比较状语） ①at six（时间状语） ②because of the rain（原因状语） ③if it doesn’t rain（条件状语） ④on the third floor（地点状语） ⑤ with great care（方式状语） ⑥with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） ⑦In order to catch up with the others（目的状语） ⑧he fell asleep immediately（结果状语） ⑨though she is old（让步状语） ⑩than he is（比较状语） 8. 同位语 对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。 Tom, my best friend, left for London yesterday. 二．英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 1： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 2： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 3： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 4： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1. 主 + 谓（SV） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 例如：The water is boiling . 水开了。
They have been waiting there for hours. 他们一直在那儿等了数小时。
The train will leave soon. 火车就要开了。
2. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。
He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 3. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。
He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVOO）
此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 例如：He brought me a coat. 他给我带来一件大衣。
Pass me the dictionary, please. 请将词典递给我。
I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。 5. 主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补（SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。 例如：We elected him our monitor . 我们选他当班长。 The news made me happy . 那消息使我很高兴。 We know him to be an expert . 我们知道他是专家。 He heard somebody opening the door . 他听见有人在开门。 I found myself in dark . 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 练习： 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语 【精题精练精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.After getting all the work done, we put up a board reminding people ____________ (protect) the trees. 2.The ____________ (propose) you came up with yesterday was highly appreciated. 3.What’s more, ____________ (do) housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study. 4.I’ve heard Tom is expert at designing, so I’d like him to do me the favor to help create a ____________ (post). 5.She thought about hiring a ____________ (profession) pianist to work with her father. 6.As a result ____________ a serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired. 7.When facing some serious accidents, if we know some ____________ (base) things about first aid, we can save lives. 8.She finds it impossible to stick ____________ a diet. 9.When I came in,I found Mike ____________ (sit) at the back of the classroom. 10.The thought of going back home was all that kept him ____________ (happiness) when he was working abroad. Ⅱ.选词填空 pay attention to,as a result of,come true,be based on,break down,be proud of,remind sb of...,stick to
1.As we all know,most of the ratings ________________ others’ judgement on the product or service concerned. 2.It’s said that in China the number of young people has been on the decrease ________________ the pressure of life. 3.To make our country more prosperous, we should ________________ the principle of scientific development. 4.Realizing that time is limited, we have to be careful about what we look for and what we ________________. 5.The main purpose of the passage is to present a way to ________________ plastics. 6.Every time I look at the picture, I ________________ my childhood. 7.She was able to get over her disappointment and just ________________ the things she had done. 8.Some people are trying hard to make their dreams ________________, while some are wasting their life. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。(动名词作主语) ____________________________________ an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 2.我发现自己充满了信心去面对任何困难和挑战。(find的复合结构) I ____________________________________ to face any difficulty and challenge. 3.使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持意图清晰。(keep的复合结构) Using emojis can add humor and feeling, ____________________________________. 4.对露西来说保持工作和家庭生活的平衡是件难事，所以她只好向她妈妈求助。(it作形式主语) _____________________________________________________________________ her work and family life,so she has to turn to her mother for help. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.to protect 2.proposal 3.doing 4.poster 5.professional 6.of 7.basic 8.to 9.sitting 10.happy Ⅱ.选词填空 1.are based on 2.as a result of 3.stick to 4.pay attention to 5.break down 6.am reminded of 7.be proud of 8.come true Ⅲ.完成句子 1.Learning to think critically is 2.find myself full of confidence 3.keeping intention clear 4.It is difficult for Lucy to balance 5.To keep healthy 【能力拓展训练】 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jack was a small boy, he was once asked to give a speech about“A Big Challenge in My Life”. To talk before the whole class, he was ____1____ (terrible) shy. However, he had no other ____2____ (optional), though. First Jack was to draft the speech, ____3____ was a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. But the hard part ____4____ (lie) in his oral presentation, for it was not allowed to read the paper. A real trial began when Jack stood on the platform with his legs trembling and his mind blank. He took a deep breath and tried his best ____5____ (calm) down. He didn’t know how much time had ____6____ (pass) by. Gradually he found himself back, giving out his speech without much difficulty. ____7____his relief, he made it. From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his ____8____ (confident) built up. Now he turns out to be a great ____9____(speak). As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the _____10_____ likely we will be able to achieve our goals. 七选五 Do you want to be at the top of your class Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student! ___1___ I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures. Taking notes is important. You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. ___2___ This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing. Don’t skip school. You will be missing out on stuff. ___3___ However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It’s most likely that your teacher won’t appreciate it and you will get yourself behind. Keep a good attitude towards things. If you have an “I don’t care about school or this class” attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for a lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students. ___4___ Always ask questions. ___5___ If you don’t understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one. A. Be prepared. B. Write in your own words. C. Staying organised will be helpful. D. There is no shame in needing some help. E. Pay attention to everything the teacher says. F. It is true that you could make up the work. G. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake. 完形填空 My father and I always had a bit of trouble in our relationship. It’s not that we didn’t love each other. It’s just that we used to have ____1____ opinions. My dad is one of the most hard-working men I know, but I was a ____2____. I played sports as a kid, but gave ____3____ when I was making progress. Then I showed an ____4____ in music. My father got excited and ____5____ me a guitar when I was about eight. But I really didn’t like it until I was a teenager. During those teen years, I got up my guitar and ____6____ playing along. Then I went to college. My father thought I should focus more on my ____7____, while I thought I should have more fun playing music. I dreamed to be a musician. When I grew into a young man, I suddenly fell ____8____ ill one day and it was discovered that I had a terrible kidney disease (肾病). I had to accept ____9____ all my life, or get a transplant (移植). I felt like there was a heavy ______10______ on my shoulders. Life became hard for me. But I was lucky enough because of my loving parents who ______11______ me and took care of me. While trying to ______12______ just what to do with my life, my father got tested to see ______13______ he was the right man to give me his kidney. I tried to refuse, but he’d hear ______14______ of it. He saved my life at last. Two years ago, I made up a band. He had always wanted to play in a band, but ______15______ got the chance when he was young. It was one of the greatest gifts I could give to him. 1. A. special B. different C. private D. necessary 2. A. musician B. coach C. actor D. dreamer 3. A. up B. out C. off D. away 4. A. introduction B. influence C. increase D. interest 5. A. expected B. threw C. bought D. praised 6. A. began B. regretted C. finished D. meant 7. A. hobbies B. studies C. skills D. choices 8. A. similarly B. hardly C. seriously D. harmfully 9. A. agreements B. movement C. argument D. treatments 10. A. weight B. disadvantage C. disbelief D. warning 11. A. provided B. encouraged C. afforded D. managed 12. A. decide B. behave C. build D. doubt 13. A. how B. whether C. why D. what 14. A. each B. all C. much D. none 15. A. almost B. completely C. never D. basically 语法填空 1. terribly 2. option 3. which 4. lay 5. to calm 6. passed 7. To 8. confidence 9. speaker 10. more 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Jack小时候的一次经历，他需要在班里做一次演讲。起初Jack感到很紧张，但又没别的选择，所以他就起草了演讲稿，当站在台上是，他感到两腿发抖，脑子了一片空白，Jack做了深呼吸尽量是自己平静下来，一小会后他就不紧张了，并且成功地完成了演讲。从此以后，他就不再害怕在观众面前演讲了，现在他已经成为一名优秀的演说家了。 【1题详解】 考查副词。句意：在全班面前讲话，他非常害羞。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰形容词shy，结合语意可知，此处意为“非常地”，故应用terribly。故填terribly。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，他没有其他选择。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“选择”，故应用名词option，have no other option为固定短语，意为“别无选择”。故填option。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：首先杰克要起草演讲稿，这对他来说是小菜一碟，因为他擅长写作。分析句子可知，此处考查引导非限制定语从句的关系词，指代前文的内容，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但是最难的部分在于他的口头陈述，因为不允许看着稿读。分析句子可知，空处应用动词作谓语，结合语意可知，此处意为“在于”，且应用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事，故空处应用动词lay。故填lay。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他深吸一口气，尽力让自己平静下来。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语try one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，故空处应用动词不定式to calm。故填to calm。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：他不知道已经过了多少时间。分析句子可知，空处前有助动词had，故空处应用动词过去分词与had一起构成谓语，结合语意可知，此处意为“度过”，故应填passed。故填passed。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：令他欣慰的是，他成功了。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语to one’s relief，意为“让某人欣慰的是”，故此处应用介词to；句首单词首字母大写。故填To。 【8题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，杰克已经建立起了信心。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“信心”，故应用名词confidence。故填confidence。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在他变成了一个伟大的演说家。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作表语，结合语意可知，此处意为“演说家”，故应用名词speaker。故填speaker。 【10题详解】 考查固定结构。句意：众所周知，我们在成功的道路上遇到的困难越大，我们就越有可能实现我们的目标。分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，故此处应用likely的比较级结构，应为more likely，故此处应填more。故填more。
七选五 【答案】EBFGD 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为一名优秀的学生给出了一些建议。 【1题详解】 空处为段首句。根据下文“I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you.(我再怎么强调注意老师教你的东西的重要性都不为过。)”可知，本段讲述的是注意老师所讲的内容。选项E“Pay attention to everything the teacher says.(注意听老师说的每一句话。)”符合本段段意。故选E。 【2题详解】 根据段首句可知，本段介绍的是记笔记。根据上文“You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test.(你不需要记下老师说的每一个字，但要记下他/她在黑板上写的东西，或任何你认为在考试中可能需要的特定内容。)”可知，这是在指导你如何记笔记。选项B“Write in your own words.(用你自己的话来写。)”既是在指导你如何记笔记，又和下文“This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.(通过思考你所写的东西，这种方式将帮助你更有效地学习。)”保持内容上的衔接。故选B。 【3题详解】 根据段首句“Don’t skip school(不要逃学。)”可知，本段介绍的是不要逃学。根据空前“You will be missing out on stuff.(你会错过很多东西。)”和空后“However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies.(然而，你会有更多的工作，你错过了讲座和课堂电影。)”可知，这些都是逃学带来的后果。选项F“It is true that you could make up the work.(你确实可以补上这些工作。)”承上启下，符合文意。故选F。 【4题详解】 根据空前“Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students.(尊重老师和其他学生。)”可知，本段介绍的是尊重老师和其他学生。选项G“Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.(当其他同学犯错误时，尽量不要笑。)”正是尊重其他学生的方式。故选G。 【5题详解】 根据空后“If you don’t understand, ask someone.(如果你不明白，问问别人。)”可知，本段介绍的是求助他人。选项D“There is no shame in needing some help.(需要帮助没什么可耻的。)”也是建议读者求助。故选D。 完形填空 【答案】BDADC ABCDA BABDC 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大与父亲之间发生的一些故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只是我们常常有不同的看法。A. special特别的；B. different不同的；C. private私人的；D. necessary必要的。根据“My father and I always had a bit of trouble in our relationship. It’s not that we didn’t love each other.”可知，父亲和作者的关系总是有纷争。并不是说不爱对方，只是他们有不同的看法。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父亲是我认识的最勤奋的人之一，但我是一个梦想家。A. musician音乐家；B. coach教练；C. actor演员；D. dreamer梦想家。根据第二段“I dreamed to be a musician.”可知，作者是一个梦想家。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我小时候参加过体育运动，但当我取得进步时我放弃了。A. up向上；B. out在外；C. off离开；D. away离开。give up放弃。根据“Then I showed an ____4____in music.”可知，作者对音乐表现出兴趣，所以放弃了体育运动。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我表现出对音乐的兴趣。A. introduction介绍；B. influence影响；C. increase增加；D. interest兴趣。根据“My father got excited and____5____me a guitar when I was about eight.”可知，作者对音乐表现出兴趣。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲很兴奋，在我八岁左右的时候，给我买了一把吉他。A. expected期待；B. threw扔；C. bought买；D. praised表扬。根据“Then I showed an ____4____in music.”和“My father got excited”可知，父亲给作者买了吉他。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在十几岁的时候，我拿起吉他开始演奏。A. began开始；B. regretted后悔；C. finished完成；D. meant意思是。根据“But I didn’t like it until I was a teenager.”可知，作者之前不喜欢吉他，十几岁的时候才开始拿起来弹奏。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我对于演奏音乐更有趣的时候，我父亲认为我应该更专注于学习。A. hobbies爱好；B. studies学习；C. skills技能；D. choices选择。根据“Then I went to college.”可知，父亲希望作者在大学能更专注于学习。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我成长为一个年轻人时，有一天我突然得了重病，我被发现得了严重的肾病。A. similarly相似地；B. hardly几乎不；C. seriously严重地；D. harmfully有害地。根据“I had a terrible kidney disease.”可知，作者突然得了重病。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不得不接受终生治疗，或者接受移植。A. agreements同意；B. movement活动；C. argument争论；D. treatments治疗。根据“When I grew into a young man, I suddenly fell____8____ill one day and it was discovered that I had a terrible kidney disease(肾病).”和下文“or get a transplant(移植)”可知，作者得了严重的肾病，不得不接受终生治疗或者接受移植。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得肩上很沉重。A. weight重量；B. disadvantage缺点；C. disbelief不相信；D. warning警告。根据“Life became hard for me.”可知，作者感到了肩上的重量。故选A。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我很幸运，因为我慈爱的父母鼓励我，照顾我。A. provided提供；B. encouraged鼓励；C. afforded负担得起；D. managed管理。根据“ took care of me”可知，在这个时候父母除了照顾作者外还给予作者鼓励。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在试图决定如何处理我的生活时，我父亲接受了检查，看他是否是给我捐肾的合适人选。A. decide决定；B. behave表现；C. build建造；D. doubt怀疑。根据“I had to accept ____9____ all my life, or get a transplant(移植).”可知，作者的父亲要做出抉定如何处理作者的生活。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在试图决定如何处理我的生活时，我父亲接受了测试，看他是否是给我肾的合适人选。A. how怎样；B. whether是否；C. why为什么；D. what什么。根据“he was the right man to give me his kidney.”可知，父亲作测试，看是否是给作者捐肾的合适人选。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我努力拒绝，但他什么也不肯听。A. each每个；B. all全部；C. much许多；D. none没有。根据“He saved my life at last.”可知，父亲并没有听作者的。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他一直想在乐队里演奏，但年轻时从未得到机会。A. almost几乎；B. completely完全地；C. never从不；D. basically基本上。根据“He had always wanted to play in a band,”和but可知，作者父亲年轻时从未得到在乐队里演奏的机会。故选C。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上第一次月考-附中22-23 阅读 A The computer is a powerful tool. With it, teachers can improve the classroom experience in a variety of ways. But misuse of the computer will probably result in disadvantages. To investigate the way technology is being used in our school district, I recently spoke with Jeanine Lowell, who teaches social studies at Lake Town Middle School. Mrs. Lowell informed me that computers have helped to increase students’ motivation and prepare them for life in a technological society. “These kids are probably going to be using some kind of computer system when they graduate from high school,” Lowell noted. “It’s important that we provide a proper introduction to them in the classroom.” Lowell also observed that the computers have made it easier to promote different areas of learning, so that students can work on a project or topic that relates to more than one subject. With all of these benefits, however, come a few shortcomings. Although Mrs. Lowell has nearly wallpapered her room with warnings that state: “The computer is NOT A TOY”, not everyone in the class agrees with this idea. Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos. “You’ve got to be three steps ahead,” she told me, “if you want to stay on top of what they’re actually doing on the computer.” Some schools use some type of blocking software to ensure that students cannot access improper sites at school. More complex programs use a server-based network-wide program instead of software that runs on personal computers. Research has shown that in a way these server-based blocking programs provide better security, because some students can disable the software on a personal computer. However, there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell. There are also no electronic cure-alls for any of education’s many challenges. Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. 1. Where is this passage most likely from A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement. C. A novel. D. A diary. 2. Which of the following isn’t the benefit of computer use in the classroom A. Improved motivation in the classroom. B. Opportunities for learning across different subjects. C. Increased preparation for the future use in the workplace. D. Convenience of sharing ideas with people living across the globe. 3. The best way to prevent students from accessing improper sites on school computers is to ______. A. post warning signs throughout the classroom B. use blocking software on personal computers C. monitor what students do on the computers carefully D. use server-based software programs on personal computers 4. What is the writer’s opinion on the use of computers in the classroom A. It does more harm than good. B. It is only supported by experts. C. It contributes to teaching in some way. D. It is more beneficial to teachers than students. B People who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind. The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet. Eating nuts was linked to a healthier lifestyle including being less likely to smoke or be overweight and more likely to exercise. The British Heart Foundation said more research was needed to prove the link, “While this is an interesting link, we need further research to make sure if it’s the nuts that protect heart health, or other sides of people’ lifestyle.” The study followed nearly 120,000 people for 30 years. The more regularly people ate nuts, the less likely they were to die during the study. People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts. Lead researcher Dr. Charles Fuchs, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and B rig ham and Women’ Hospital, said, “The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction — 11% — in the danger of dying from cancer.” They suggest nuts are lowering cholesterol(胆固醇). And insulin resistance (胰岛素抗性). Nuts contain unsaturated fat(不饱和脂肪), protein and several kinds of vitamins and minerals and they can take the place of snacks like chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits. Victoria Taylor, senior expert at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This study shows close connection between regularly eating a small handful of nuts and a lower risk of death from heart disease.” Choosing plain, unsalted foods rather than sweet, salted, or chocolate-covered will keep your salt and sugar intake down. 5. According to the passage, what kind of people benefit most from eating nuts A. Those who suffer from a cancer. B. Those under medical treatments. C. Those who eat nuts on their daily diet. D. Those cages to lower cholesterol. 6. Which kind of disease had a most decrease for regular nuts eater A. Heart disease. B. Stomach disease. C. Cancer. D. Unknown. 7. The writer developed the article mainly by ________. A. opening a debate B. giving examples C. listing data D. comparing the difference 8. Which section should the passage be taken from the newspaper A. Science section. B. Health section. C. Entertainment section. D. Teach section. 写作 假设你是某青少年杂志的编辑李华。市民赵女士给你发来电子邮件寻求建议和帮助，她的儿子最近苦恼于自己的粉刺问题，还经常因此大发脾气，导致亲子关系紧张。请你给赵女士写一封建议信，内容包括： 1.对她的理解 2.合理的建议(至少两点) 3.希望采纳建议和鼓励 注意 1.写作词数在80词左右 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.开头语和结束语以为你写好 Dear Mrs. Zhao, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Editor Li Hua 阅读 A 【答案】ADCC 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。文章最有可能来自于报纸。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“…come a few shortcomings. … Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos.(也有一些缺点……一些学生容易被网络分心，他们很擅长让他们看起来好像正在学习，而他们却是真地在检查电子邮件或观看视频。)”可知，学生在教室里上网，与世界各地的人们分享观点，但这也会让学生分心。这是在教室使用电脑的不利之处。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell.（像Jeanine Lowell这样的好老师的严格监督是无可替代的。）”可知，防止学生在学校电脑上访问不合适的网站的最好方法是老师仔细监视学生在电脑上做什么。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. （高科技是一个有用的工具，但它只是一个工具）。” 由此可以推断，作者认为计算机在某种程度上对教学有帮助，但只是一个辅助的工具。故选C。 B 【答案】CACB 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新的研究结果发现，日常饮食中常吃坚果的人可以减少患心脏病及癌症的几率。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet.(这项发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的研究结果表明，每天吃坚果的人受益最大)”可知，在日常饮食中吃坚果的人最受益。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%)”可知，对于经常吃坚果的人来说，心脏病的发病率下降得最多。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts.(在研究中，每周吃一次坚果的人比从不吃坚果的人死亡的可能性低11%)”以及“The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction — 11% — in the danger of dying frown cancer.(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%，但我们也看到死于眉头癌的危险显著减少了11%)”可知，文章用了大量的数据说明了经常吃坚果的好处。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合文章首句“People who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind.(根据最新的同类研究，经常吃坚果的人似乎更长寿)”可知，文章主要讲述经常吃坚果与健康的关系，故可以推断出本文应是出自报纸的健康部分。故选B。 写作 【答案】Dear Mrs. Zhao, I’m more than sorry to hear that your son has recently been struggling with his acne problem, and has often lost his temper over it, leading to a strained parent-child relationship. Here I’m writing to give you some advice. First, you should be patient to talk with him about it from the development of adolescence, during which it is natural for teenagers to have acne problem. Moreover, it is better to take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. What’s the most important is that your son himself should know how to ease himself about his change in this period. Best wishes, Editor Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给赵女士写一封建议信，关于她的儿子最近苦恼于自己的粉刺问题，还经常因此大发脾气，导致亲子关系紧张。 【详解】1.词汇积累 非常：more than→very 生气：lost his temper→get angry 导致：lead to→contribute to 而且：Moreover→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Moreover, it is better to take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. 拓展句：Moreover, it is better that you take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than sorry to hear that your son has recently been struggling with his acne problem, and has often lost his temper over it, leading to a strained parent-child relationship.（由that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】First, you should be patient to talk with him about it from the development of adolescence, during which it is natural for teenagers to have acne problem.（由介词+ which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that your son himself should know how to ease himself about his change in this period.（由What引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）
【同步知识梳理】 一、单词解析 知识点1：focus n. 焦点，重点，中心点 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Setting goals gives you a focus in life. 设定目标会让你的生活有重点。 例：Our main focus is on helping people get back into work. 我们关注的重点是帮助人们再就业。 vt. & vi. (把…)集中于；调节（…的）焦距；使聚焦 常用搭配： focus on 集中（注意力，精力等）于 focus one’s attention on sth. 把某人的注意力集中到某事上 近义短语：center on （注意力）集中到（=be centred on） concentrate …on 把注意力集中于，全神贯注于 fix one’s attention /eyes/ mind on 把注意力/ 双眼/ 思想集中于…上（常用语被动语态） 例题训练： With the attention _______(focus) on the task,they had no time to take part in the party. focused 知识点2：detail n. 细节，具体情况，详情 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：To realize your goals, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details. 为了实现你的目标，你需要有一个好的计划，管理好你的时间，并关注细节。 常用搭配： in detail 详细地（放在句末做状语） go into detail(s) 详细叙述 for further details 欲知详情 例：For further details, you can read the next chapter first. 知识点3：as a result of 由于 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：As a result of your action, your dream will come true and hopefully you will live a happy life. 有了你的行动，你的梦想就会实现，你也有希望过上幸福的生活。 特别注意：as a result “结果，因此”，单独做状语 例：As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. 结果，人类形成了至今仍存在的一系列的性格类型。 拓展：result in+ 结果，导致，造成 result from + 原因（由…而）造成 例句：The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles. We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past. 例题训练： Jenny nearly missed the flight as a result _______ doing too much shopping. His failure resulted _________ not working hard enough. of;from 知识点4：base vt. 以…为基础（依据） n. 根据，基础，基地，总部，大本营，底部 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills. 相反，你应该基于你的能力和技巧来定目标。 常用搭配：be based on / upon 以…为根据/ 基础 例：Being an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. = Based on emotion rather than on reason, your important decision will make you regretful sooner or later. 把重要的决定建立在情感之上，而不是理性之上，你早晚要后悔的。 联想词：basic adj. 基本的，基础的，根本的 basically adv. 基本的，从跟本上说 basis n. 基础 （pl.） bases 例题训练： ________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. Basing 知识点5：remind vt.提醒, 使想起 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：This will remind you of what you are working for and keep you focused. 这会让你想到你再为什么而努力并且让你精力集中。 常见用法： remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事，是某人想起某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind sb. that 提醒某人…. 例：The pictures will remind me of the days when we were in our hometown. 这些照片让我想起我们在故乡的日子。 I have to remind myself that some birds aren’t meant to be caged. Their feathers are just too bright. 我得经常提醒自己，有些鸟儿是关不住的，他们的羽毛太鲜亮了。 例题训练： The letter was an uncomfortable __________(remind) of my debts. reminder 知识点6：proposal propose vt. 提议；建议 suggestion / recommendation / advice （同义词） 用法解析及拓展： 原文：Proposal for a new club成立新俱乐部的提议、 ◆ n. 提议，建议，动议；求婚 put forward/ come up with a proposal 提出建议 make a proposal 提出建议；求婚 propose (doing) sth. 提议(做)某事 propose that … （should）do 提议/建议…做 ①How could you make a proposal without a ring 你怎么可以去求婚而不带上戒指呢？ ②He was the first person to propose the construction of the bridge. 他是第一个提议建这座桥的人。 ③She proposed that the book should be banned. 她提议查禁这本书 例题训练： ①He __________________ which was worth consideration. 他提出一项值得考虑的建议 ②_________________ pay the money from public funds. 有人提议用公款支付这笔钱。 ③His proposal that the system _______________ was rejected. 他提的关于修改制度的建议被拒绝了。 【答案】 ① put forward a proposal ② It was proposed to ③ should be changed 知识点7：aim n. 目的，目标，瞄准 用法解析及拓展： 课文原句：Club aim: To improve short story writing skills. 俱乐部目的：提高短篇故事的写作技巧。 常用搭配：take aim at 瞄准，批评； achieve one’s aim 达到某人的目的 with the aim of…目的是 例：Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. 完成这些目标需要团队合作。 ② vi. & vt. 力争做到，目的是，针对，瞄准 常用搭配：aim to do sth. 力争做到某事 aim at 瞄准，目的在于，针对 be aimed at doing sth. 旨在做某事 例：In a word, the programmer aims to encourage students to be active citizens and engage themselves in making a difference in society. 总之，这个计划的目的是鼓励学生们成为积极的市民并让他们在社会中发挥作用。 This activity is aimed at improving the students’ ability of listening and speaking. 这项活动的目的是为了提高学生的听说能力。 例题训练： We teenagers should_______________ something useful to the society. 我们青年人应该以为社会做贡献为目标。 What ________________ in New Year 在新的一年里你的目标是什么？ ③ She went to London __________________ a job. 她去伦敦是为了找工作。 ① aim at contributing ②do you aim to do ③with the aim of finding 二、句型运用 知识点1：过去分词作状语 原文：Instead, you should set goals based on your abilities and skills.相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。（P7） 用法解析及拓展： 本句中“based on your abilities and skills”是过去分词作方式状语。过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。可以表示时间，原因，条件，让步，结果等。 ①Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, his face turned red. （时间状语） 当他被问及发生了什么的时候，他的脸红了。 ②Frightened (Because she was frightened) by the horror movie, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. （原因状语） 因为被惊悚电影吓坏了，这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。 ③Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. （条件状语） 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ④Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. （让步状语） 虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。 ⑤She walked out of the house, (and she was) followed by her little daughter. （伴随状语） 她走出房子，后面跟着她小女儿。 例题训练： ①_________________, water changes into steam. 当加热时，水变成水蒸气。 ② ________________what he did (Because the teacher was satisfied with...), the teacher praised him in class. 由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。 ③______________ in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 ④________________ a hundred times, he still can’t understand it. 即使给他解释一百篇，她还是不会明白。 ⑤She sat by the window, ______ in thought. ①When heated ②Satisfied with ③Grown ④Explained ⑤lost 【同步语法梳理】 句子成分和句子结构 一．句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 指出下列句子中的主语及它的性质： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ① country music （名词） ②We （代词） ③One-third （数词） ④To swim （不定式） ⑤ Smoking （动名词） ⑥The rich （名词化的形容词） ⑦ When we are going to have an English test （主语从句） 2．谓语 谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 3. 表语 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 指出下列句子中的表语及它的性质： ①Our teacher of English is an American. ②Is it yours ③The weather has turned cold. ④The speech is exciting. ⑤Three times seven is twenty one ⑥His job is to teach English. ⑦His hobby is playing football. ⑧The machine must be out of order. ⑨Time is up. The class is over. ⑩The truth is that he has never been abroad. ① American （名词） ②yours （代词） ③cold. （形容词） ④exciting （分词） ⑤ twenty one exciting （数词） ⑥to teach English（不定式） ⑦ playing football（动名词） ⑧ out of order（介词短语） ⑨up/ over.（副词） ⑩ that he has never been abroad（表语从句） 4. 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 指出下列句子中的宾语及它的性质： ①They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday. ②The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time. ③How many dictionaries do you have I have five. ④They helped the old with their housework yesterday. ⑤He pretended not to see me. ⑥I enjoy listening to popular music. ⑦I think（that）he is fit for his office. ① exhibition （名词） ②me （代词） ③five （数词） ④the old （名词化形容词） ⑤ not to see me （不定式短语） ⑥listening to popular music （动名词短语） ⑦ listening to popular music（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）， 例如：They elected him their monitor. 5. 宾语补足语 英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。 指出下列句子中的宾补及它的性质： ①His father named him Dongming. ②They painted their boat white. ③Let the fresh air in. ④You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. ⑤We saw her entering the room. ⑥We found everything in the lab in good order. ⑦We will soon make our city what your city is now. Dongming （名词） ②white （形容词） ③in（副词）） ④to lend his money to you（不定式短语） ⑤ entering the room（现在分词） ⑥in good order（介词短语） ⑦ what your city is now（从句） 6. 定语 修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 指出下列句子中的定语及它的性质： ①Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） ②China is a developing country; America is a developed country. ③There are thirty women teachers is our school. ④His rapid progress in English made us surprised. ⑤Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. ⑥The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. ⑦He is reading an article about how to learn English. ①beautiful（形容词） ②developing/ developed （代词） ③women （名词） ④His （代词） ⑤ to enter the classroom （不定式短语） ⑥teaching （动名词） ⑦about how to learn English.（介词短语） 7. 状语： 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示： Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组） He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语） He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语） He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语） Wait a minute.（名词） Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句） 指出下列句子中的状语以及其种类: ①How about meeting again at six （时间状语） ②Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） ③I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） ④Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） ⑤She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） ⑥She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） ⑦In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语） ⑧He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） ⑨She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） ⑩I am taller than he is.（比较状语） ①at six（时间状语） ②because of the rain（原因状语） ③if it doesn’t rain（条件状语） ④on the third floor（地点状语） ⑤ with great care（方式状语） ⑥with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） ⑦In order to catch up with the others（目的状语） ⑧he fell asleep immediately（结果状语） ⑨though she is old（让步状语） ⑩than he is（比较状语） 8. 同位语 对修饰对象进行补充说明或进一步解释。 Tom, my best friend, left for London yesterday. 二．英语句子的基本结构 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 1： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） 2： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） 3： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 4： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 5： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 1. 主 + 谓（SV） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 例如：The water is boiling . 水开了。
They have been waiting there for hours. 他们一直在那儿等了数小时。
The train will leave soon. 火车就要开了。
2. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。
He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 3. 主 + 谓+ 宾（SVO） 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等 例如：Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest. 他们想歇息一会儿。
He successfully carried out his plan . 他成功地实行了他的计划。 4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语（SVOO）
此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语："间接宾语"多由代词或名词充当；"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。 例如：He brought me a coat. 他给我带来一件大衣。
Pass me the dictionary, please. 请将词典递给我。
I lend him my bicycle. 我把自行车借给他了。 5. 主 + 谓+ 宾 + 宾补（SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语补足语是对宾语"做什么"、"怎么样"等方面进行补充说明。 例如：We elected him our monitor . 我们选他当班长。 The news made me happy . 那消息使我很高兴。 We know him to be an expert . 我们知道他是专家。 He heard somebody opening the door . 他听见有人在开门。 I found myself in dark . 我发现自己还蒙在鼓里。 练习： 指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语 【精题精练精讲】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.After getting all the work done, we put up a board reminding people ____________ (protect) the trees. 2.The ____________ (propose) you came up with yesterday was highly appreciated. 3.What’s more, ____________ (do) housework can be a form of mental relaxation from study. 4.I’ve heard Tom is expert at designing, so I’d like him to do me the favor to help create a ____________ (post). 5.She thought about hiring a ____________ (profession) pianist to work with her father. 6.As a result ____________ a serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need to be repaired. 7.When facing some serious accidents, if we know some ____________ (base) things about first aid, we can save lives. 8.She finds it impossible to stick ____________ a diet. 9.When I came in,I found Mike ____________ (sit) at the back of the classroom. 10.The thought of going back home was all that kept him ____________ (happiness) when he was working abroad. Ⅱ.选词填空 pay attention to,as a result of,come true,be based on,break down,be proud of,remind sb of...,stick to
1.As we all know,most of the ratings ________________ others’ judgement on the product or service concerned. 2.It’s said that in China the number of young people has been on the decrease ________________ the pressure of life. 3.To make our country more prosperous, we should ________________ the principle of scientific development. 4.Realizing that time is limited, we have to be careful about what we look for and what we ________________. 5.The main purpose of the passage is to present a way to ________________ plastics. 6.Every time I look at the picture, I ________________ my childhood. 7.She was able to get over her disappointment and just ________________ the things she had done. 8.Some people are trying hard to make their dreams ________________, while some are wasting their life. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。(动名词作主语) ____________________________________ an important skill today’s children will need for the future. 2.我发现自己充满了信心去面对任何困难和挑战。(find的复合结构) I ____________________________________ to face any difficulty and challenge. 3.使用表情符号可以增加幽默和感情，保持意图清晰。(keep的复合结构) Using emojis can add humor and feeling, ____________________________________. 4.对露西来说保持工作和家庭生活的平衡是件难事，所以她只好向她妈妈求助。(it作形式主语) _____________________________________________________________________ her work and family life,so she has to turn to her mother for help. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.to protect 2.proposal 3.doing 4.poster 5.professional 6.of 7.basic 8.to 9.sitting 10.happy Ⅱ.选词填空 1.are based on 2.as a result of 3.stick to 4.pay attention to 5.break down 6.am reminded of 7.be proud of 8.come true Ⅲ.完成句子 1.Learning to think critically is 2.find myself full of confidence 3.keeping intention clear 4.It is difficult for Lucy to balance 5.To keep healthy 【能力拓展训练】 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 When Jack was a small boy, he was once asked to give a speech about“A Big Challenge in My Life”. To talk before the whole class, he was ____1____ (terrible) shy. However, he had no other ____2____ (optional), though. First Jack was to draft the speech, ____3____ was a piece of cake for him because he was a good writer. But the hard part ____4____ (lie) in his oral presentation, for it was not allowed to read the paper. A real trial began when Jack stood on the platform with his legs trembling and his mind blank. He took a deep breath and tried his best ____5____ (calm) down. He didn’t know how much time had ____6____ (pass) by. Gradually he found himself back, giving out his speech without much difficulty. ____7____his relief, he made it. From then on, his fear of talking before a big audience disappeared. Actually Jack had his ____8____ (confident) built up. Now he turns out to be a great ____9____(speak). As we know, the greater difficulty we meet on our way to success, the _____10_____ likely we will be able to achieve our goals. 七选五 Do you want to be at the top of your class Add these tips to your life and you should be on your way to being a top student! ___1___ I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you. Take part in class discussions if you have something worthwhile to add. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures. Taking notes is important. You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test. ___2___ This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing. Don’t skip school. You will be missing out on stuff. ___3___ However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies. Also, try not to be late for class. It’s most likely that your teacher won’t appreciate it and you will get yourself behind. Keep a good attitude towards things. If you have an “I don’t care about school or this class” attitude, then teachers will be less willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit. The same goes for a lazy attitude. Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students. ___4___ Always ask questions. ___5___ If you don’t understand, ask someone. Read your textbook and notes, and then if that fails, seek help. Ask a teacher, friend, classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one. A. Be prepared. B. Write in your own words. C. Staying organised will be helpful. D. There is no shame in needing some help. E. Pay attention to everything the teacher says. F. It is true that you could make up the work. G. Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake. 完形填空 My father and I always had a bit of trouble in our relationship. It’s not that we didn’t love each other. It’s just that we used to have ____1____ opinions. My dad is one of the most hard-working men I know, but I was a ____2____. I played sports as a kid, but gave ____3____ when I was making progress. Then I showed an ____4____ in music. My father got excited and ____5____ me a guitar when I was about eight. But I really didn’t like it until I was a teenager. During those teen years, I got up my guitar and ____6____ playing along. Then I went to college. My father thought I should focus more on my ____7____, while I thought I should have more fun playing music. I dreamed to be a musician. When I grew into a young man, I suddenly fell ____8____ ill one day and it was discovered that I had a terrible kidney disease (肾病). I had to accept ____9____ all my life, or get a transplant (移植). I felt like there was a heavy ______10______ on my shoulders. Life became hard for me. But I was lucky enough because of my loving parents who ______11______ me and took care of me. While trying to ______12______ just what to do with my life, my father got tested to see ______13______ he was the right man to give me his kidney. I tried to refuse, but he’d hear ______14______ of it. He saved my life at last. Two years ago, I made up a band. He had always wanted to play in a band, but ______15______ got the chance when he was young. It was one of the greatest gifts I could give to him. 1. A. special B. different C. private D. necessary 2. A. musician B. coach C. actor D. dreamer 3. A. up B. out C. off D. away 4. A. introduction B. influence C. increase D. interest 5. A. expected B. threw C. bought D. praised 6. A. began B. regretted C. finished D. meant 7. A. hobbies B. studies C. skills D. choices 8. A. similarly B. hardly C. seriously D. harmfully 9. A. agreements B. movement C. argument D. treatments 10. A. weight B. disadvantage C. disbelief D. warning 11. A. provided B. encouraged C. afforded D. managed 12. A. decide B. behave C. build D. doubt 13. A. how B. whether C. why D. what 14. A. each B. all C. much D. none 15. A. almost B. completely C. never D. basically 语法填空 1. terribly 2. option 3. which 4. lay 5. to calm 6. passed 7. To 8. confidence 9. speaker 10. more 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了Jack小时候的一次经历，他需要在班里做一次演讲。起初Jack感到很紧张，但又没别的选择，所以他就起草了演讲稿，当站在台上是，他感到两腿发抖，脑子了一片空白，Jack做了深呼吸尽量是自己平静下来，一小会后他就不紧张了，并且成功地完成了演讲。从此以后，他就不再害怕在观众面前演讲了，现在他已经成为一名优秀的演说家了。 【1题详解】 考查副词。句意：在全班面前讲话，他非常害羞。分析句子可知，此处应用副词作状语修饰形容词shy，结合语意可知，此处意为“非常地”，故应用terribly。故填terribly。 【2题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，他没有其他选择。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“选择”，故应用名词option，have no other option为固定短语，意为“别无选择”。故填option。 【3题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：首先杰克要起草演讲稿，这对他来说是小菜一碟，因为他擅长写作。分析句子可知，此处考查引导非限制定语从句的关系词，指代前文的内容，在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【4题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：但是最难的部分在于他的口头陈述，因为不允许看着稿读。分析句子可知，空处应用动词作谓语，结合语意可知，此处意为“在于”，且应用一般过去时，描述过去发生的事，故空处应用动词lay。故填lay。 【5题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他深吸一口气，尽力让自己平静下来。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语try one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大的努力做某事”，故空处应用动词不定式to calm。故填to calm。 【6题详解】 考查动词。句意：他不知道已经过了多少时间。分析句子可知，空处前有助动词had，故空处应用动词过去分词与had一起构成谓语，结合语意可知，此处意为“度过”，故应填passed。故填passed。 【7题详解】 考查介词。句意：令他欣慰的是，他成功了。分析句子可知，此处考查固定短语to one’s relief，意为“让某人欣慰的是”，故此处应用介词to；句首单词首字母大写。故填To。 【8题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，杰克已经建立起了信心。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作宾语，结合语意可知，此处意为“信心”，故应用名词confidence。故填confidence。 【9题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在他变成了一个伟大的演说家。分析句子可知，此处应用名词作表语，结合语意可知，此处意为“演说家”，故应用名词speaker。故填speaker。 【10题详解】 考查固定结构。句意：众所周知，我们在成功的道路上遇到的困难越大，我们就越有可能实现我们的目标。分析句子可知，此处考查固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”，故此处应用likely的比较级结构，应为more likely，故此处应填more。故填more。
七选五 【答案】EBFGD 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何成为一名优秀的学生给出了一些建议。 【1题详解】 空处为段首句。根据下文“I cannot stress enough how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you.(我再怎么强调注意老师教你的东西的重要性都不为过。)”可知，本段讲述的是注意老师所讲的内容。选项E“Pay attention to everything the teacher says.(注意听老师说的每一句话。)”符合本段段意。故选E。 【2题详解】 根据段首句可知，本段介绍的是记笔记。根据上文“You don’t need to write down every single word your teacher says but write down what he/she writes on the board, or any special fact you think you might need for a test.(你不需要记下老师说的每一个字，但要记下他/她在黑板上写的东西，或任何你认为在考试中可能需要的特定内容。)”可知，这是在指导你如何记笔记。选项B“Write in your own words.(用你自己的话来写。)”既是在指导你如何记笔记，又和下文“This way it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what you are writing.(通过思考你所写的东西，这种方式将帮助你更有效地学习。)”保持内容上的衔接。故选B。 【3题详解】 根据段首句“Don’t skip school(不要逃学。)”可知，本段介绍的是不要逃学。根据空前“You will be missing out on stuff.(你会错过很多东西。)”和空后“However, you will have more work and you have missed lectures and in-class movies.(然而，你会有更多的工作，你错过了讲座和课堂电影。)”可知，这些都是逃学带来的后果。选项F“It is true that you could make up the work.(你确实可以补上这些工作。)”承上启下，符合文意。故选F。 【4题详解】 根据空前“Have a respectful attitude to teachers and other students.(尊重老师和其他学生。)”可知，本段介绍的是尊重老师和其他学生。选项G“Try not to laugh when other students make a mistake.(当其他同学犯错误时，尽量不要笑。)”正是尊重其他学生的方式。故选G。 【5题详解】 根据空后“If you don’t understand, ask someone.(如果你不明白，问问别人。)”可知，本段介绍的是求助他人。选项D“There is no shame in needing some help.(需要帮助没什么可耻的。)”也是建议读者求助。故选D。 完形填空 【答案】BDADC ABCDA BABDC 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大与父亲之间发生的一些故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只是我们常常有不同的看法。A. special特别的；B. different不同的；C. private私人的；D. necessary必要的。根据“My father and I always had a bit of trouble in our relationship. It’s not that we didn’t love each other.”可知，父亲和作者的关系总是有纷争。并不是说不爱对方，只是他们有不同的看法。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我父亲是我认识的最勤奋的人之一，但我是一个梦想家。A. musician音乐家；B. coach教练；C. actor演员；D. dreamer梦想家。根据第二段“I dreamed to be a musician.”可知，作者是一个梦想家。故选D。 【3题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我小时候参加过体育运动，但当我取得进步时我放弃了。A. up向上；B. out在外；C. off离开；D. away离开。give up放弃。根据“Then I showed an ____4____in music.”可知，作者对音乐表现出兴趣，所以放弃了体育运动。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我表现出对音乐的兴趣。A. introduction介绍；B. influence影响；C. increase增加；D. interest兴趣。根据“My father got excited and____5____me a guitar when I was about eight.”可知，作者对音乐表现出兴趣。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我父亲很兴奋，在我八岁左右的时候，给我买了一把吉他。A. expected期待；B. threw扔；C. bought买；D. praised表扬。根据“Then I showed an ____4____in music.”和“My father got excited”可知，父亲给作者买了吉他。故选C。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在十几岁的时候，我拿起吉他开始演奏。A. began开始；B. regretted后悔；C. finished完成；D. meant意思是。根据“But I didn’t like it until I was a teenager.”可知，作者之前不喜欢吉他，十几岁的时候才开始拿起来弹奏。故选A。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我对于演奏音乐更有趣的时候，我父亲认为我应该更专注于学习。A. hobbies爱好；B. studies学习；C. skills技能；D. choices选择。根据“Then I went to college.”可知，父亲希望作者在大学能更专注于学习。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我成长为一个年轻人时，有一天我突然得了重病，我被发现得了严重的肾病。A. similarly相似地；B. hardly几乎不；C. seriously严重地；D. harmfully有害地。根据“I had a terrible kidney disease.”可知，作者突然得了重病。故选C。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不得不接受终生治疗，或者接受移植。A. agreements同意；B. movement活动；C. argument争论；D. treatments治疗。根据“When I grew into a young man, I suddenly fell____8____ill one day and it was discovered that I had a terrible kidney disease(肾病).”和下文“or get a transplant(移植)”可知，作者得了严重的肾病，不得不接受终生治疗或者接受移植。故选D。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我觉得肩上很沉重。A. weight重量；B. disadvantage缺点；C. disbelief不相信；D. warning警告。根据“Life became hard for me.”可知，作者感到了肩上的重量。故选A。 【11题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我很幸运，因为我慈爱的父母鼓励我，照顾我。A. provided提供；B. encouraged鼓励；C. afforded负担得起；D. managed管理。根据“ took care of me”可知，在这个时候父母除了照顾作者外还给予作者鼓励。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在试图决定如何处理我的生活时，我父亲接受了检查，看他是否是给我捐肾的合适人选。A. decide决定；B. behave表现；C. build建造；D. doubt怀疑。根据“I had to accept ____9____ all my life, or get a transplant(移植).”可知，作者的父亲要做出抉定如何处理作者的生活。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：在试图决定如何处理我的生活时，我父亲接受了测试，看他是否是给我肾的合适人选。A. how怎样；B. whether是否；C. why为什么；D. what什么。根据“he was the right man to give me his kidney.”可知，父亲作测试，看是否是给作者捐肾的合适人选。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我努力拒绝，但他什么也不肯听。A. each每个；B. all全部；C. much许多；D. none没有。根据“He saved my life at last.”可知，父亲并没有听作者的。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他一直想在乐队里演奏，但年轻时从未得到机会。A. almost几乎；B. completely完全地；C. never从不；D. basically基本上。根据“He had always wanted to play in a band,”和but可知，作者父亲年轻时从未得到在乐队里演奏的机会。故选C。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上第一次月考-附中22-23 阅读 A The computer is a powerful tool. With it, teachers can improve the classroom experience in a variety of ways. But misuse of the computer will probably result in disadvantages. To investigate the way technology is being used in our school district, I recently spoke with Jeanine Lowell, who teaches social studies at Lake Town Middle School. Mrs. Lowell informed me that computers have helped to increase students’ motivation and prepare them for life in a technological society. “These kids are probably going to be using some kind of computer system when they graduate from high school,” Lowell noted. “It’s important that we provide a proper introduction to them in the classroom.” Lowell also observed that the computers have made it easier to promote different areas of learning, so that students can work on a project or topic that relates to more than one subject. With all of these benefits, however, come a few shortcomings. Although Mrs. Lowell has nearly wallpapered her room with warnings that state: “The computer is NOT A TOY”, not everyone in the class agrees with this idea. Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos. “You’ve got to be three steps ahead,” she told me, “if you want to stay on top of what they’re actually doing on the computer.” Some schools use some type of blocking software to ensure that students cannot access improper sites at school. More complex programs use a server-based network-wide program instead of software that runs on personal computers. Research has shown that in a way these server-based blocking programs provide better security, because some students can disable the software on a personal computer. However, there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell. There are also no electronic cure-alls for any of education’s many challenges. Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. 1. Where is this passage most likely from A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement. C. A novel. D. A diary. 2. Which of the following isn’t the benefit of computer use in the classroom A. Improved motivation in the classroom. B. Opportunities for learning across different subjects. C. Increased preparation for the future use in the workplace. D. Convenience of sharing ideas with people living across the globe. 3. The best way to prevent students from accessing improper sites on school computers is to ______. A. post warning signs throughout the classroom B. use blocking software on personal computers C. monitor what students do on the computers carefully D. use server-based software programs on personal computers 4. What is the writer’s opinion on the use of computers in the classroom A. It does more harm than good. B. It is only supported by experts. C. It contributes to teaching in some way. D. It is more beneficial to teachers than students. B People who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind. The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet. Eating nuts was linked to a healthier lifestyle including being less likely to smoke or be overweight and more likely to exercise. The British Heart Foundation said more research was needed to prove the link, “While this is an interesting link, we need further research to make sure if it’s the nuts that protect heart health, or other sides of people’ lifestyle.” The study followed nearly 120,000 people for 30 years. The more regularly people ate nuts, the less likely they were to die during the study. People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts. Lead researcher Dr. Charles Fuchs, from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and B rig ham and Women’ Hospital, said, “The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction — 11% — in the danger of dying from cancer.” They suggest nuts are lowering cholesterol(胆固醇). And insulin resistance (胰岛素抗性). Nuts contain unsaturated fat(不饱和脂肪), protein and several kinds of vitamins and minerals and they can take the place of snacks like chocolate bars, cakes and biscuits. Victoria Taylor, senior expert at the British Heart Foundation, said, “This study shows close connection between regularly eating a small handful of nuts and a lower risk of death from heart disease.” Choosing plain, unsalted foods rather than sweet, salted, or chocolate-covered will keep your salt and sugar intake down. 5. According to the passage, what kind of people benefit most from eating nuts A. Those who suffer from a cancer. B. Those under medical treatments. C. Those who eat nuts on their daily diet. D. Those cages to lower cholesterol. 6. Which kind of disease had a most decrease for regular nuts eater A. Heart disease. B. Stomach disease. C. Cancer. D. Unknown. 7. The writer developed the article mainly by ________. A. opening a debate B. giving examples C. listing data D. comparing the difference 8. Which section should the passage be taken from the newspaper A. Science section. B. Health section. C. Entertainment section. D. Teach section. 写作 假设你是某青少年杂志的编辑李华。市民赵女士给你发来电子邮件寻求建议和帮助，她的儿子最近苦恼于自己的粉刺问题，还经常因此大发脾气，导致亲子关系紧张。请你给赵女士写一封建议信，内容包括： 1.对她的理解 2.合理的建议(至少两点) 3.希望采纳建议和鼓励 注意 1.写作词数在80词左右 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 3.开头语和结束语以为你写好 Dear Mrs. Zhao, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best wishes, Editor Li Hua 阅读 A 【答案】ADCC 【分析】本文是议论文。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。文章论述了在教室里使用计算机教学的有利之处和不利之处。作者认为高科技只是一个有用的工具。文章最有可能来自于报纸。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“…come a few shortcomings. … Some students get easily distracted (分心) by the internet and are quite good at making it look as if they are doing work when they are really checking their email or watching videos.(也有一些缺点……一些学生容易被网络分心，他们很擅长让他们看起来好像正在学习，而他们却是真地在检查电子邮件或观看视频。)”可知，学生在教室里上网，与世界各地的人们分享观点，但这也会让学生分心。这是在教室使用电脑的不利之处。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中“there is no replacement for the watchful eye of a good teacher like Jeanine Lowell.（像Jeanine Lowell这样的好老师的严格监督是无可替代的。）”可知，防止学生在学校电脑上访问不合适的网站的最好方法是老师仔细监视学生在电脑上做什么。故选C。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。文章最后一段中提到“Technology is a useful tool, but that is all it is: a tool. （高科技是一个有用的工具，但它只是一个工具）。” 由此可以推断，作者认为计算机在某种程度上对教学有帮助，但只是一个辅助的工具。故选C。 B 【答案】CACB 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最新的研究结果发现，日常饮食中常吃坚果的人可以减少患心脏病及癌症的几率。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The findings, published in the New England Journal of Medicine, suggested the greatest benefit was in those eating them on their daily diet.(这项发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的研究结果表明，每天吃坚果的人受益最大)”可知，在日常饮食中吃坚果的人最受益。故选C。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%)”可知，对于经常吃坚果的人来说，心脏病的发病率下降得最多。故选A。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中“People eating nuts once a week were 11% less likely to have died during the study than those who never ate nuts.(在研究中，每周吃一次坚果的人比从不吃坚果的人死亡的可能性低11%)”以及“The most obvious benefit was a decrease of 29% in deaths from heart disease, but we also saw a significant reduction — 11% — in the danger of dying frown cancer.(最明显的好处是死于心脏病的人数减少了29%，但我们也看到死于眉头癌的危险显著减少了11%)”可知，文章用了大量的数据说明了经常吃坚果的好处。故选C。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合文章首句“People who often eat nuts appear to live longer, according to the latest study of its kind.(根据最新的同类研究，经常吃坚果的人似乎更长寿)”可知，文章主要讲述经常吃坚果与健康的关系，故可以推断出本文应是出自报纸的健康部分。故选B。 写作 【答案】Dear Mrs. Zhao, I’m more than sorry to hear that your son has recently been struggling with his acne problem, and has often lost his temper over it, leading to a strained parent-child relationship. Here I’m writing to give you some advice. First, you should be patient to talk with him about it from the development of adolescence, during which it is natural for teenagers to have acne problem. Moreover, it is better to take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. What’s the most important is that your son himself should know how to ease himself about his change in this period. Best wishes, Editor Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给赵女士写一封建议信，关于她的儿子最近苦恼于自己的粉刺问题，还经常因此大发脾气，导致亲子关系紧张。 【详解】1.词汇积累 非常：more than→very 生气：lost his temper→get angry 导致：lead to→contribute to 而且：Moreover→what’s more 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Moreover, it is better to take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. 拓展句：Moreover, it is better that you take him to the doctor to get professional ways to wash his face and neck, even his whole body. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m more than sorry to hear that your son has recently been struggling with his acne problem, and has often lost his temper over it, leading to a strained parent-child relationship.（由that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】First, you should be patient to talk with him about it from the development of adolescence, during which it is natural for teenagers to have acne problem.（由介词+ which引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型3】What’s the most important is that your son himself should know how to ease himself about his change in this period.（由What引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句）