Unit 3 Festivals and customs知识清单（素材）2025-2026学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

Unit 3 Festivals and customs
基础词汇 通关
词汇 含义及拓展 词汇 含义及拓展
wedding n. 婚礼,结婚庆典 income n. 收入;收益 a high/low income 高/低收入income tax (个人)所得税
ceremony n. 典礼,仪式 comb n. 梳子;梳理(头发)vt. 梳,梳理 vt. & vi. 搜寻
bride n. 新娘 package n. 包,盒;包裹;一套,一揽子vt. 将……包装好;包装
sari n. 莎丽(南亚妇女裹在身上的长巾) nation n. 民族,国家;国民 【派】national adj. 国家的;民族的;全国的nationality n. 国籍
custom n. 风俗,习俗;个人习惯;光顾 customs n. [pl.]海关;关税 generation n. 一代人;代,一代;产生 from generation to generation (=generation after generation)一代又一代generation gap 代沟
bridegroom n. 新郎 source n. 来源;起源;源头
entrance n. 进入;出场;入口;进入权;准许加入 enter vi. & vt. 进入 identity n. 特性;身份
flight n. 班机,航班;航程;飞行 the flight to sp 到某地的航班 duty n. 责任,义务;上班,值班;职责;税
band n. 乐队,乐团;一伙,一帮;带,箍 eve n. 前夜,前夕
costume n. 戏装,装扮用服装 china n. 瓷;瓷器
samba n. 桑巴舞,桑巴舞曲 plate n. 盘子,碟子;板块;车牌
current n. 水流,潮流;电流;思潮adj. 当前的;通用的 sort n. 种类;类别vt. 整理,分类;妥善处理 all sorts of 各种各样的sort out 整理;解决
beer n. 啤酒 pork n. 猪肉
engine n. 发动机,引擎 fire engine n. 消防车 bite n. (咬下的)一口;咬;咬伤vt. & vi. (bit, bitten) 咬,叮
acid n. 酸 adj. 酸性的;酸味的 couplet n. 对联,对句
stuff n. 东西,物品;活儿,话vt. 填满,装满;把……塞进 formal adj. (穿着、言语、行为等)适合正式场合的,正规的,庄重的 【反】informal adj. 非正式的;非正规的
vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆;手段,工具 midnight n. 午夜,子夜 at midnight 在午夜
mirror n. 镜子 eye-catching adj. 惹人注意的,引人注目的
apartment n. 公寓套房 【同】〈英〉flat ordinary adj. 普通的,平常的;平庸的 out of the ordinary 不寻常;出乎意料
chain n. 链子,链条;一系列;连锁店vt. 用锁链拴住 romantic adj. 浪漫的,爱情的;(Romantic)浪漫主义的 romance n. 浪漫史
snack n. 点心,小吃 merry adj. 愉快的,高兴的 【派】merrily adv. 高兴地;愉快地
firecracker n. 鞭炮,爆竹 annual adj. 每年的,年度的;一年的 【派】annually adv. 一年一次地
firework n. 烟火,烟花 lunar adj. 月亮的,月球的
lantern n. 灯笼,提灯 previous adj. 先前的,以往的;稍前的 previous to 特定时间或事件之前
riddle n. 谜,谜语 precious adj. 宝贵的,珍贵的;珍奇的,珍稀的
willow n. 柳,柳树 neat adj. 整洁的,整齐的;有条理的
sleeve n. 袖子 per prep. 每,每一
twist vt. & vi. 扭转,转动 vt. 使弯曲 vi. 曲折n. 转动;转折;曲折处 anything but 决不,根本不
clap vt. & vi. 鼓掌,拍手n. 鼓掌,拍手 in the air 可感觉到;在传播中
march vi. 齐步走,前进;游行示威n. 游行示威;行进 fall on 适逢,正当
roast vt. & vi. 烘,焙,烤(肉等)
hunt vi. 寻找,搜寻 vt. & vi. 打猎,猎杀;追捕 hunt for 寻找
creep vi. (crept, crept) 渐渐出现
探究词汇 提高
decorate vt. 装饰;点缀 vt. & vi. 粉刷,油漆
教材原句 P30：The wedding ceremony took place in a brightly decorated hotel room. 婚礼在装饰华丽的酒店里举行。
常用搭配：
decorate sth with sth 用某物装饰某物
联想词：①decoration n. U装饰 [C,常用复数]装饰物 ②decorator n. [C]油漆匠
tradition n. 传统;传统的信仰(或风俗)
教材原句 P30：According to tradition, the bride was wearing an eye-catching red silk sari. 依照传统,新娘穿着一件引人注目的红色丝质莎丽。
常用搭配：
a cultural tradition 文化传统
a family/local tradition 家庭/当地传统、
a time-honoured/long-standing tradition 古老的/悠久的传统
maintain a tradition 保持传统
break with tradition 打破传统
by tradition 按照传统风俗
例句：It is a time-honoured tradition for Chinese people to eat a family reunion dinner during the Spring Festival. 春节吃团圆饭是中国人的传统习俗。
By tradition, in some countries, people can play tricks on each other before noon on April 1, but they'll be foolish if they do it in the afternoon. 按照传统风俗,在一些国家,人们可以在4月1日中午之前捉弄彼此,但如果他们在下午这样做,那就太傻了。
联想词：①traditional adj. 传统的;惯例的 ②traditionally adv. 传统上;习惯上
impression n. 印象,感想;影响,效果;印记
释义：①the opinion or feeling you have about sb/sth ②the effect that an experience or a person has on sb/sth ③a mark that is left when an object is pressed hard into a surface
常用搭配：
leave/make a(n)... impression on sb 给某人留下一个……印象
have/get a good/bad impression of sb 对某人有一个好/坏的印象
教材原句 P30：I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me. 不是所有的传统习俗我都了解,但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。
联想词：①impress vt. & vi. 使钦佩;给……留下深刻印象 vt. 使意识到impress sb with sth 某事给某人留下深刻印象impress sth on/upon sb 使某人意识到某事的重要性或严肃性等例句：I think what impressed me most about his painting was the colours he used. 我认为他的画给我印象最深的是他使用的颜色。We were impressed with his rich knowledge at yesterday's meeting. 在昨天的会议上,他渊博的知识给我们留下了深刻的印象。He impressed on us the need for immediate action. 他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要性。②impressive adj. 给人深刻印象的;令人敬佩的 ③impressed adj. (对……)有深刻的好印象,钦佩be impressed with/by... 对……印象深刻
occasion n. 特殊场合,盛会;时刻;时机;某次
教材原句 P31：No wonder people from Rio take a week off for this happy occasion. 难怪里约的人会为这一快乐的日子休息一周。
例句：The occasion only comes once in five years, and they naturally make the most of it. 这个机会五年才有一次,他们当然会充分利用它。
常用搭配：
on this/that occasion 这次/那次
on one occasion 有一次;曾经
on occasion(s) 偶尔;有时;间或
on a special/formal/social occasion 在特殊/正式/社交场合
例句：Although I enjoy visiting shopping centres on occasion, I don't need to go very often. 我虽然也喜欢偶尔逛逛购物中心,但我不需要经常去。
联想词：①occasional adj. 偶尔的 ②occasionally adv. 偶尔;有时候
be caught up in 被卷入,陷入
教材原句 P31：I was so caught up in the party fever that I hardly noticed five hours fly by! 我被派对的狂热所感染,都没注意到五个小时过去了!
联想拓展：含有 catch 的其他常用短语catch on 受欢迎;流行;明白catch up (with) 赶上catch hold of 抓住catch a cold 患感冒catch one's eye 吸引某人的注意catch sight of 忽然看见catch sb doing sth (=sb be caught doing sth) 抓住某人正在做某事
earn vt. & vi. 赚得 vt. 获利;赢得
教材原句 P34：If she was to buy a nice gift for her husband Jim, she would need more money. But how could she earn some 如果她要给她的丈夫吉姆买件好礼物,她就需要更多的钱。但她怎么能赚到钱呢
常用搭配：
earn money (=make money) 挣钱
earn one's/a living (=make a living) 谋生
earn one's own living 自食其力
earn sb sth 使某人赢得/收获某物
earn respect/earn a reputation 赢得尊敬/声誉
例句：He soon earned the respect of the players. 他很快就赢得了那些运动员的尊重。
联想词：earnings n. [pl.]收入;工资
pass down 使世代相传,流传
教材原句 P34：She found it at last: a simple but beautiful watch chain for his gold watch, which had been passed down to him from his grandfather. 她终于找到了:一条简洁又美丽的表链,和他的金表很配,那只金表是他的祖父传给他的。
例句：So far, these traditional stories have been passed down from parents to children for generations. 迄今为止,这些传统故事由父母传给孩子,世代相传。
联想拓展：含有 pass 的其他常用短语pass away 去世;消逝pass by 经过pass... off as 把……冒充为pass... round/around 分发……
promote vt. 促进;推动;促销;提升,晋升
教材原句 P36：Promoting traditional festivals helps spread knowledge about our national history. 宣传传统节日有助于传播有关我国历史的知识。
例句：The organization works to promote friendship between nations. 该组织致力于促进各国之间的友谊。
常用搭配：
promote sb to... 提拔某人为……
例句：Helen was promoted to senior manager. 海伦被提拔为高级经理。
联想词：①promotion n. 促进;推广;推销 ②promoter n. 承办者;倡导者
observe vt. 遵守(法律、规则等);注意到;庆祝;说话;评论 vt. & vi. 观察;监视
释义：①to obey rules, laws, etc ②to see or notice sb/sth ③to celebrate festivals, birthdays, etc ④to make a remark ⑤to watch sb/sth carefully
教材原句 P36：According to tradition, we should celebrate the festival by going mountain climbing, but how many people today still observe this tradition 依照习俗,我们应该爬山来庆祝这个节日,但是如今还有多少人仍然遵循这个传统呢
例句：Spain will kick off a month of events to observe World Food Day and will host a fundraising television gala. 西班牙将启动为期一个月的世界粮食日庆祝活动并将主办一场电视集资演出。
常用搭配：
observe sb doing sth 看到某人正在做某事(正在做,没做完)
observe sb do sth 看到某人做了某事(做某事的全过程)
sb is observed to do sth 某人被看到做某事
observe that... 发现……
例句：She observed a man walking on the opposite side of the road. 她看见一个人在马路对面走着。
联想词：observation n. 观察;注意;监视
例句：Art classes help develop children's powers of observation. 美术课有助于提高儿童的观察力。[《朗文当代》]
honour (AmE honor)
① n. 尊敬,尊重;荣幸;荣誉
教材原句 P36：The Dragon Boat Festival, for example, is celebrated in honour of Qu Yuan, a great poet living in the Warring States period of ancient China. 例如,端午节是为了纪念中国古代战国时期的伟大诗人屈原。
常用搭配：
in honour of... (=in sb's honour) 为向……表示敬意;为了表示对……的崇敬
show honour to sb 向某人表示尊敬
have the honour of doing sth 有幸做某事
it is an honour to do sth 很荣幸做某事
例句：Earlier this year, I had the honour of meeting the President. 今年早些时候,我有幸见到了总统。It is a great honour to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games. 被邀请参加奥运会的开幕式是一大荣幸。
特别注意：in memory of 也有“为了纪念……”的意思,但通常纪念的是已经逝去的人,而 in honour of 则用法更加广泛。
② vt. 尊敬,尊重;给予表扬;信守
例句：I'm glad to see that you've decided to honour us with your presence. 我很高兴看到你已经决定大驾光临。
常用搭配：
honour sb for sth 因某事表彰某人
honour sb with sth 给予某人……奖项/头衔
be honoured as... 被尊称/评为……
feel/be honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸
例句：I felt honoured to be invited to compete in the competition. 受邀参加这场比赛我感到很荣幸。
联想词：honourable adj. (行为或活动)光荣的;值得尊敬的;品德高尚的
select vt. & vi. 选择;挑选
教材原句 P39：Luo Yan's son, Bofeng, happily takes a bite of the chicken his grandfather has selected for him. 罗言的儿子博峰高兴地咬了一口爷爷为他挑选的鸡肉。
常用搭配：
select... for... 为……挑选……
select... from... 从……中挑选/选出……
select... as/to be... 选择……作为……
select... to do... 挑选/选择……做……
例句：Mr Clark was selected as the Best Teacher of the Year. 克拉克先生被选为“年度优秀教师”。
联想词：①selection n. 挑选;选拔 ②selective adj. 有选择的;选择性的
settle vi. 定居;降落;停留 vi. & vt. 结束;解决;使处于舒适的位置 vt. 决定
教材原句 P39：Luo Yan and his wife and son have settled in the big city, far away from their hometown. 罗言和他的妻儿已经在远离家乡的大城市定居下来。
例句：Two birds settled on the fence. 两只鸟儿落在篱笆上。It is time you settled your differences with your father. 现在你该解决同你父亲之间的分歧了。It's all settled—we're leaving on the nine o'clock plane. 一切都定下来了——我们乘九点的飞机走。
常用搭配：
settle down (使)安静下来;安顿下来
settle down to sth (=get down to sth) 开始专心于(工作或活动);着手认真干某事
settle in/into sth 习惯(新居);适应(新工作等);安顿下来
联想词：①settlement n. 协议;和解;定居点 ②settler n. 移民;殖民者
例句：After the settlers settled in their new settlement, they found they couldn't settle down to their new jobs, so they needed a method to settle it. 在新的定居点安定下来后,这些移民发现他们不能定下心来做新的工作,因此他们需要一种方法去解决这种情况。
convenient adj. 方便的,省事的,便利的,实用的
教材原句 P39：However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而,高铁使他们回家变得更加方便。
例句：We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting. 我们必须安排一个方便的时间和地点开会。
常用搭配：
(sth) be convenient for sb (某事)对某人来说方便
it is convenient (for sb) to do sth (对某人来说)做某事是方便的(注意 convenient 主语不能是人,常用于此结构)
例句：If it's convenient for you, let's meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. 如果方便的话,咱们8:30在校门外见。
反义词：inconvenient adj. 不方便的
联想词：①conveniently adv. 方便地;便利地 ②convenience n. [U]方便;便利 [C]便利设施at sb's convenience 在某人方便时for convenience 为方便起见for the convenience of 为了方便……
例句：Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting 你能不能在方便时给我来个电话,我们安排一次见面
represent vt. 象征;代表;为……代言;体现;描绘;正式提出(意见、抗议等)
教材原句 P39：From the neat designs of the paper-cuttings on the windows, to the Spring Festival couplets on the door, and to the New Year paintings on the wall, everything represents joy, luck and happiness. 从窗户上剪纸的整齐图案,到门上的春联,再到墙上的年画,一切都象征着欢乐、好运和幸福。
常用搭配：
represent sth to sb 向某人正式提出某事
represent... as... 把……描绘成……
例句：You must represent the danger to them. 你必须向他们说明危险所在。The popular press tends to represent him as an environmental leader. 大众媒体倾向于把他描绘成一位环保领袖。
联想词：①representative n. 代表;代理人 adj. 有代表性的 ②representation n. 代表;描绘
联想拓展：①stand for 是……意思;代表 ②on behalf of 代表(或代替)某人
例句：WTO stands for World Trade Organization. WTO 代表世界贸易组织。He spoke on behalf of all the members of the staff. 他代表全体员工讲了话。
set off 使爆炸;引起;激发;出发;动身(+for)
教材原句 P40：As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to set off firecrackers. 午夜临近,罗言带着父母、妻子和儿子到外面放鞭炮。
例句：A gang of boys were setting off fireworks in the street. 一帮男孩子正在街上放烟火。His sufferings set off our sympathy. 他的痛苦激发了我们的同情心。I set off for the company early in order to avoid the heavy traffic. 为了避免堵车,我早早就动身去公司了。
联想拓展：含有 set 的其他常用短语set about (doing) sth 开始(做)某事set out to do sth 开始做某事set aside 对……置之不理;留出,拨出(时间、金钱等)set back 延缓(某事的进展)set down 写下;记下;规定set up 竖起;建起;建立
fortune n. 运气,机会;巨款;命运
教材原句 P40：All over the country, people are celebrating their good fortune, celebrating their family's togetherness, and celebrating their nation's strength. 全国各地的人们都在庆祝他们的好运,庆祝他们的家庭团聚,庆祝他们国家的强盛。
常用搭配：
try one's fortune 碰运气
make a fortune 发财;赚大钱
seek one's fortune 外出寻找发财机会;外出闯荡;闯世界
联想词：①fortunate adj. 幸运的;吉利的be fortunate/lucky to do sth 有幸做某事be fortunate in doing sth 能做某事很幸运 ②unfortunate adj. 不幸的 ③fortunately adv. 幸运地;幸亏 ④unfortunately adv. 不幸地 ⑤misfortune n. 不幸
tear n. [C,常用复数]眼泪,泪珠 vt. & vi. (tore, torn) 撕裂,撕碎
教材原句 P41：Tears fall, and make my sleeves wet. 泪满青衫袖。
常用搭配：
in tears 哭泣;流泪
tear down 拆毁;拆除
tear apart 使分裂;撕碎
tear up 撕碎
tear... into/to pieces 把……撕成碎片
tear... in two/half 把……撕成两半
例句：The old cinema was torn down and replaced by a restaurant. 老电影院被拆除,取而代之的是一家餐厅。She tore up the letter and threw it into the wastebasket. 她把信撕碎,并扔进了废纸箱里。
差距词汇 拔尖
1.anniversary n. 周年纪念日Grandpa had given a pair of swan ornaments to Grandma on their fiftieth anniversary. 他们结婚五十周年时,爷爷送给了奶奶一对天鹅摆件。
2.conventional adj. 传统的;依照惯例的;习惯的He will try his utmost to help them by means of his conventional medical knowledge. 他将会用自己的传统医学知识尽全力帮助他们。
3.origin n. 起源;起因We have experimental and observational evidence concerning things which happened before and after the origins of life. 有关生命起源前后发生了什么,我们已通过实验和观察得出了一些证据。
4.ancestor n. 祖先The Olympic torch did not originate from the man's memorial to Prometheus, but from ancestor worship. 奥运圣火并不是起源于人类对普罗米修斯的纪念,而是起源于他们对祖先的崇拜。
5.sacrifice n. 祭献;祭品;牺牲 vt. 牺牲 vi. & vt. 献祭;以……作祭品Tomb-sweeping Day is a day when people offer sacrifices and honour the ancestors. 清明节是人们献祭、纪念先人的日子。
6.date back to 追溯到……My family has a vase, which is said to date back to Ming Dynasty. 我家有个花瓶,据说是从明代传下来的。
7.display v. 显示;陈列 n. 展览;陈列The chart can then display the links connecting these groups. 这张图就会显示出这些群体之间的关联。
8.costume n. 服装The advertisements of costume in Paris broadened his outlook. 巴黎的服装广告使他大开眼界。
9.feast n. 节日;盛宴That evening they held a feast in honour of some foreign guests. 那天晚上他们设宴招待外宾。
长难句分析
1.I did not understand all of the traditional customs, but a few made a deep impression on me.
句意：不是所有的传统习俗我都了解,但有一些给我留下了深刻的印象。
2.Then they took seven steps together by the fire, and with each step made a different promise about how they were going to support each other and live together happily.
句意：然后他们一起在火边走了七步,每走一步都许下不同的承诺,承诺他们将如何相互扶持,如何幸福地生活在一起。
3.During the five-hour trip, they chatted excitedly with each other, their minds full of thoughts about their sweet home.
句意：在五个小时的旅途中,他们彼此兴奋地聊着天,心中想着他们甜蜜的家。
知识拓展：非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语一般来说要与句子主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词需要另带主语,从而构成复合结构作状语,这种结构称为“独立主格结构”。独立主格结构通常由两部分组成,前一部分是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表时间、原因、条件、伴随及状态等。
4.They gather around the television to watch the Spring Festival Gala, while eating snacks, chatting with each other and making dumplings that they will eat at the very start of the new year.
句意：他们聚在电视机前看春节联欢晚会,一边吃零食,一边聊天,一边包新年伊始就要吃的饺子。
高频句式
句式1 what 引导的感叹句
What+a/an (+adj.)+可数名词单数 (+主语+谓语)!
What+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数 (+主语+谓语)!
链接课文：What an amazing first day in Rio! 在里约的第一天太棒了![P31]
知识拓展：除了 what 可以用来引导感叹句之外,how 也可以引导感叹句,但在句子结构上不同,应注意区分。How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数 (+主语+谓语)!How+adj./adv. (+主语+谓语)!
经典例句：What a strange plant! I've never seen it before. 多么奇特的植物呀!我之前从来都没有见过。What nice people they are! 他们是多好的人啊!How clever a boy he is! / How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 这男孩真聪明!
句式2 主语+make it+adj./n.+(for sb/sth) to do sth ……使得做某事(对于某人/某事来说)……
该结构中, it 为形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式, it 后面的形容词或名词作宾语补足语, for 引出不定式的逻辑主语。
链接课文：However, the high-speed train has made it much more convenient for them to go back home. 然而,高铁使他们回家变得更加方便。[P39]
经典例句：Technological change makes it possible for tourists to go beyond standard approaches to travel. 技术的变革使得游客能用普通方式以外的方式去旅行。I make it a rule to go to bed early and get up early. 我规定早睡早起。
重点 过去将来时
过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,即“立足过去,着眼未来”。其构成和用法如下：
1.“should/would+动词原形”表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
例句：He said that they would meet me at the station. 他说他们会在火车站和我碰面。
2.“was/were going to+动词原形”表示过去打算或计划要做的事情或客观迹象表明要发生的事。
例句：They told me that they were going to have a picnic. 他们告诉我他们将要去野餐。Since we were going to watch the sunrise in the desert early today, we decided to go to bed earlier than usual last night. 因为我们打算今早在沙漠里看日出,所以我们昨晚决定比平时早睡。
3.“was/were+动词不定式”
(1)表示过去计划或安排将要做某事,但不表明计划是否被执行。
例句：He said he was to finish the work in a week. 他说他打算在一星期内完成这项工作。
(2)表示“注定要发生的事”,而非计划。
例句：The journey that was to change Toby's life started in July that year. 那一场注定要改变托比一生的旅行开始于那一年的七月份。
4.“was/were about+动词不定式”表示过去“即将”要发生的动作。一般不与具体的时间状语连用,但可以和 when 引导的时间状语从句连用。
例句：I was just about to go to bed when she came to see me. 我正要睡觉,她来看我了。
5.表示位移的动词可以用“was/were +现在分词”表示过去将来的含义,表示按计划、安排将要发生的事情。
例句：He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车第二天早晨六点出发。
特别注意：在复合句中,如果主句是过去将来时,那么在由 when、while、before、after、until、as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句中,或由 if 和 unless 引导的条件状语从句及 although、though、whatever 等引导的让步状语从句中,要用一般过去时代替过去将来时,表示从过去某一时刻看发生在将来的动作或状态。