Unit 4 Exploring poetry Extended reading & Project 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修一 U4 Extended reading - Project
【同步知识梳理】 1.dare v. 敢于，胆敢；激（某人做某事） He didn't dare (to) say what he thought. 他不敢说出他的想法。 They daren't ask for any more money. 他们不敢再要钱了。 She dared not breathe a word of it to anybody. 她对任何人都只字不敢提及此事。 Some of the older boys had dared him to do it. 几个大男孩激他，问他敢不敢干这事。 don't you dare! 让人绝不要做某事）你敢，谅你不敢 Don't you dare say anything to anybody. 谅你不敢对任何人提起这事儿。 how dare you, etc. （表示气愤）你竟然，你竟敢 How dare you talk to me like that 你竟敢这样对我说话？ How dare she imply that I was lying 她竟敢暗示我在撒谎？ I dare say 我想；很可能；大概 I dare say you know about it already. 你大概已经知道了
2. characterize vt. 是…的特征,以…为典型;使…具有特点;描述,刻画 → character n.特性;品质;符号;人物 → characteristic n.特点;特性;品质 adj.典型的;特有的 the rolling hills that characterize this part of England 成为英格兰这一地区特征的绵延起伏的丘陵地 The city is characterized by tall modern buildings in steel and glass. 这座城市的特点是钢铁和玻璃建造的现代化高楼大厦林立。 characterize sb/sth (as sth) 描述，刻画，表现（…的特征、特点） activities that are characterized as ‘male’ or ‘female’ work 被描述为“男性”或“女性”工作的各种活动。 3. encounter v. 偶然碰到，意外地遇见；遭遇；碰到 n. 相遇，遭遇，冲突 We encountered a number of difficulties in the first week. 我们在第一周遇到了一些困难。 I had never encountered such resistance before. 我以前从未遇到过这么大的阻力 The story describes the extraordinary encounter between a man and a dolphin. 这个故事描述了一个男人与一只海豚之间的奇遇。 counter n. 柜台；对立面；计数器； vt. 反击，还击；反驳 under the counter 秘密地，暗地里，非法地
4. glorious adj. 荣耀的,光荣的;壮丽的,辉煌的 → glory n.光荣;荣誉;赞颂;壮丽 5.boom n. （贸易和经济活动的）繁荣 v. 迅速发展，激增，繁荣 ；轰鸣，轰响 a boom in car sales 汽车销售额的剧增 By the 1980s, the computer industry was booming. 到20世纪80年代时，计算机行业迅猛发展。 Outside, thunder boomed and crashed. 外面雷声隆隆，霹雳炸响。
6.stability n.稳定(性),稳固(性) → stable adj.稳定的;沉稳的 → stably adv.稳定地
7. tolerant adj.宽容的,容忍的;能耐…的 → tolerance n. 宽容;容忍;忍耐力→ tolerate v.容忍,允许 be tolerant of 容忍，忍受 tolerate doing ... 容忍做某事 The plants are tolerant of frost. 这些植物耐霜 She refused to tolerate being called a liar. 她拒不接受被称为撒谎者。 8.distinguish vt.& vi. 成为......的特征，使有别于；区分；辨别；认出；使出众 distinguish A from B = distinguish between A and B 区分A和B At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong 儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？ It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other. 很难分辨出一对孪生儿谁是谁。 What was it that distinguished her from her classmates 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？ She has already distinguished herself as an athlete. 作为运动员她已享有盛名 distinguished adj. 卓越的，著名的；高贵的，受尊重的 a distinguished career in medicine 在医学领域的辉煌生涯 I think grey hair makes you look very distinguished. 我认为灰白的头发使你看上去很有尊严。
9. representative adj. 典型的,有代表性的 n.典型人物,代表性人物;代表 → represent vt.展现;展示;代表 → representation n.描述;表现 a representative of ... ......的代表 represent ... as ... 把......描绘成...... represent sb to do sth 代表某人做某事 represent to sb sth 向某人传达某事 a representative of the UN 联合国代表 The painting is not representative of his work of the period. 这幅画不是他在那个时期的代表作。 The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries. 这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。 The risks were represented as negligible. 他们把风险说得微不足道。 10. cast vt. 投射;向......投以（视线、笑容等）;投，抛；选派角色 n. 全体演员；投，抛 She cast a welcoming smile in his direction. 她向他微笑以示欢迎。 The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. 橘红色的夕阳辉映着群山。 cast doubt on/upon sth 使人怀疑 This latest evidence casts serious doubt on his version of events. 最新的证据使人们十分怀疑他对事件的说法。 The priceless treasures had been cast into the Nile. 价值连城的珍宝被扔进了尼罗河。 The play is being cast in both the US and Britain. 目前正在英美两国挑选这部戏的演员。 He has cast her as an ambitious lawyer in his latest movie. 他选定她在他最近的一部影片里扮演一名雄心勃勃的律师。 11.owe vt. 欠；感激；应给予；应该把……归功于 owe sb sth / owe sth to sb 欠（债）,欠（账）;欠（情） She still owes her father ￡3 000. = She still owes ￡3 000 to her father. 她还欠她父亲3 000英镑。 I owe a debt of gratitude to all my family. 我很感激我的全家人。 You owe me a favour! 你还欠我个人情哪！ I think you owe us an explanation. 我认为你应当给我们一个解释。 owe sth to sb/sth 归因于；归功于；起源于 He owes his success to hard work. 他的成功是靠勤奋工作。
12. fascinate vt.&vi.深深吸引,迷住 → fascinated adj.极感兴趣的;入迷的 → fascinating adj.迷人的→ fascination n.魅力;极大的吸引力;入迷 China has always fascinated me. 中国一直令我心驰神往。 It was a question that had fascinated him since he was a boy. 这是他自幼就着迷的问题。 I've always been fascinated by his ideas. 我总是对他的想法极感兴趣。 a fascinating story/subject 迷人的故事；趣味无穷的话题 It's fascinating to see how different people approach the problem. 看到不同的人怎样处理这个问题真是有趣极了。 13. entitle v. 给（某人）权利（或资格）；给……题名；称呼 be entitled to sth 使享有权利；使符合资格 You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65. 你到65岁就有资格享受养老金。 Everyone's entitled to their own opinion. 人人都有权发表自己的意见。 14.blame vt. 责备；归咎于 n. 责备；责任；过失 blame sb for sth 因某事责备某人 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame for 因某事而受到责备；（对坏事）负有责任 She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death. 她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。 Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving. 警方把事故原因归咎于危险驾驶。 Which driver was to blame for the accident 哪位司机是此次事故的肇事者 15.allowance n. 津贴，补助；零用钱；允许；限额 make allowance for 考虑到，估计到;体谅；谅解 The plan makes no allowance for people working at different rates. 这个计划没有把人们工作速度不同考虑在内。 an allowance of $20 a day 每天20元补贴 a clothing/living/travel allowance 服装╱生活╱交通补贴 a baggage allowance of 20 kilos 行李限重20公斤 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. We are now in a great e________________ of information. 2. The tall girl b________________ over to pick up his book from the floor. 3. Nowadays, healthy life styles are being a________________ (倡导) in society. 4. Some new soldiers haven’t been used to the r____________ discipline /rules of the army. 5. The town was built among the hills, h____________ the name Hilltown. 6. Many people hold a firm ________________ (信念) that the cure for cancer will be found one day. 7. So far nobody has ________________ (认领) the money discovered in the library. 8. __________(理想) are like the stars---we never reach them, but like sailors, we chart our course by them. 9. Due to the economic depression, the Italian industrial production is __________ (经历) a period of decline. 10. My cousin lives in a different school ________________ (地区) from mine. 二、单句语法填空 1. China sticks to its choice of path, but is never ____________ (rigid)opposed to change. 2. They show respect for each other in spite of different ________________(belief). 3. The little boy is _______________ (bend) on becoming a policeman when he grows up. 4. Our school doesn't advocate students ________________(stay) in the classroom too long because students should have time for sports. 5. I hold the firm belief ________________ with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. 6. An accident happened at the corner of the street, ________________(claim) 3 lives and 5 injured. 7. A man ________________ (claim) to represent every minority group in the city won the election for mayor. 8. He claimed ________________(badly, treat) in the supermarket. 9. China has almost the same size as the USA but its population is six times larger than ________of the USA. 10. Some teenagers are not aware of the dangerous effect of drug abuse ________ their physical and mental health. 三、语法填空 Students have responsibility to learn well and pay more attention to learning. If a long reading assignment is given, __1__ (instruct) expect students to be familiar ___2___ information in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The ideal student ____3___(consider) to be one who is motivated to learn for the sake of learning not the one interested only in getting high __4____(grade). Sometimes homework is returned with brief __5___(write) comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the student is responsible for learning the material distributed. When research is distributed, the professor expects the student to take it __6____(active) and to complete it with minimum guidance. It is the students’ responsibility to find books in the library. Professors do not have the time _7____(explain) how a university library works. Professors will help students ___8_____ need them, but prefer that their students should not be too dependent on them. In the United States, professors have many other duties besides ___9___(teach), such as regulative or research work. Therefore, the time that a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited. If a student has problems with classroom work, the student should either approach a professor during office hours ___10____ make an appointment. 【答案】 一、1 era 2 bent 3 advocated 4 rigid 5 hence 6 belief 7 claimed 8 Ideals 9undergoing 10 district 二、1rigidly 2 beliefs 3 bent 4 staying 5 that 6 claiming 7 claiming 8 to have been badly treated 9 that 10 upon/on 三、instructors with is considered grades written actively to explain who teaching or 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Soothe the Sunday scaries Most of us look forward to the weekend as a time to relax, connect with friends and family, and deal with tasks from a to-do list that gets neglected during the workweek. But as the weekend comes to an end, many are missing out on Sunday Funday and instead experiencing an overwhelming sense of anxiety and even dread about the upcoming week. ___1___ Some people describe it as a heaviness they can feel in their body, while others feel so unsettled that they could jump out of their skin. Even though the Sunday scaries are common, they are manageable. Here’s how experts say you can ease your end-of-weekend anxiety. Structure your Sunday. ___2___ You might still go through that sense of dread, but that feeling is harder to hold on to when you’ re engaging in something that makes you feel good. Don’t forget to relax. If you’re feeling more stress, it’s important to make space for relaxing activities to ground yourself. Maybe a midafternoon shower or bath, maybe an engaging movie or show, whatever feels like a helpful distraction to reground from the scaries. Identify your anxiety sources. Try to figure out what’s really causing you to dread the week. ___3___ Even if there’s not a single reason behind your Sunday anxiety, organizing the stress into small parts can help make it all more manageable. ___4___ Getting rid of the Sunday scaries isn’t just about minimizing the gloom of the week ahead. Have something to look forward to. This gives you the opportunity to shift your thoughts to fun and will help improve your mood. End your Sunday with the right energy. Sunday night is a proper wind-down time. Maybe you want to journal, do a face mask, read a few pages of a good book. Do your best to honor this time and make Sunday night all about you. ___5___ A. Is it a deadline, meeting or presentation B. Create some excitement for the week ahead. C. Experts have referred to this worry as Sunday scaries. D. Sunday scaries come from tiredness after a really busy weekend. E. Then you feel empowered and confident that you’ll be ready for the next day. F. Instead of sitting on the couch and watching the clock, go to do something that you enjoy. G. Anxiety is a natural response that happens in preparation for anything that causes pain or discomfort. 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. A 19. B 20. E 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个缓解周末焦虑的方法。 【16题详解】 上文“But as the weekend comes to an end, many are missing out on Sunday Funday and instead experiencing an overwhelming sense of anxiety and even dread about the upcoming week.”（但随着周末的结束，许多人错过了周日的欢乐日，取而代之的是对即将到来的一周感到压倒性的焦虑甚至恐惧）陈述随着周末的结束，对即将到来的一周感到压倒性的焦虑。C项Experts have referred to this worry as Sunday scaries.（专家称这种担忧为“周日恐慌”）符合语境，是对上文现象的定义。故选C项。 【17题详解】 下文“You might still go through that sense of dread, but that feeling is harder to hold on to when you’ re engaging in something that makes you feel good.”（你可能仍然会经历那种恐惧感，但是当你从事让你感觉良好的事情时，这种感觉很难坚持下去）陈述做一些让你感到良好的事情。F项Instead of sitting on the couch and watching the clock, go to do something that you enjoy.（与其坐在沙发上看时间，不如去做一些你喜欢的事情）符合语境，与下文承接自然。故选F项。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Try to figure out what’s really causing you to dread the week.”（试着找出真正让你害怕这一周的原因）可推知，空格处内容为相关的原因。A项Is it a deadline, meeting or presentation （是截止日期、会议还是报告？）符合此推断，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。 【19题详解】 由该题为段落小标题。该段下文“Getting rid of the Sunday scaries isn’t just about minimizing the gloom of the week ahead. Have something to look forward to. This gives you the opportunity to shift your thoughts to fun and will help improve your mood.”（摆脱周日的恐惧不仅仅是将未来一周的阴霾最小化。有一些期待。这让你有机会把你的想法转移到有趣的事情上，并有助于改善你的情绪）陈述对接下来的一周保持一些期待。B项Create some excitement for the week ahead.（为接下来的一周创造一些刺激）可作为本段小标题，开启下文。故选B项。 【20题详解】 空处位于段末，应承接上文。根据上文“Do your best to honor this time and make Sunday night all about you.”（尽你最大的努力来纪念这段时光，让周日晚上完完全全属于你）推知，空处陈述这样做的好处。E项Then you feel empowered and confident that you’ll be ready for the next day.（然后你会觉得自己被赋予了力量，并且自信满满地为第二天做好了准备）符合语境。故选E项。 二、完形填空 On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. When my daughter, Kristil, then 12, and I planned to get our Christmas tree, I listened to my voicemail: “We’re sorry but your work ___1___ has ended today. ”My heart sank. As a single parent, my anxiety ___2___. The next day as we searched for the tree, I ___3___ to be cheerful as I eyed each price tag(标签). “Is everything OK ” Kristil asked. ”You seem worried. ” “I got some bad news yesterday,” I told her. ”I lost my job.” I eagerly ___4___ job as my bank account became smaller. I felt as if the world was closing in on me. One afternoon, I dropped Kristil in a wealthy community for a birthday party. I watched as she went in, ___5___ with all the nice things we couldn’t afford. I drove home ___6___. Back at home, I glanced out the window. It had been snowing ___7___ all morning. I noticed a slim woman trying to open her car door ___8___ the wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Sister Esther Heffernan. I’d first met her 10 years earlier when I was her student at Edgewood College. Kristil was 3 at that time, and I sometimes took her to class. Such was Sister Esther, a(n) ___9___professor. When I was busy with lessons, she would ____10____ coloring books to occupy Kristil. “Well, I called last week but couldn’t get through. ____11____, I thought I would come by.” Sister Esther said. “I have gifts for you and Kristil.” I made her a cup of tea, and we talked. Being in Sister Esther’s ____12____ gave me hope that things would be all right. I opened her card as she ____13____. Hundred-dollar bills fell onto the table. I gasped ____14____, tears of gratitude streaming down my face. Sister Esther had given me $1, 000. On Christmas Eve, I ____15____ watched as Kristil opened her gifts. In 2020, at age 91, Sister Esther died, but the love she gave during her life lives on in the hearts of many. I am lucky to be one of them. 1. A. achievement B. assignment C. announcement D. attachment 2. A. existed B. gathered C. exploded D. grew 3. A. claimed B. intended C. struggled D. tended 4. A. applied for B. signed up for C. accounted for D. made up for 5. A. filled B. surrounded C. covered D. decorated 6. A. defeated B. puzzled C. scared D. inspired 7. A. up and down B. on and off C. here and there D. in and out 8. A. beneath B. beyond C. alongside D. against 9. A. flexible B. respectable C. understanding D. intelligent 10. A. take B. bring C. fetch D. show 11. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Otherwise 12. A. presence B. charge C. favor D. absence 13. A. faded away B. broke away C. pulled away D. put away 14. A. in regret B. in amazement C. in despair D. in comfort 15. A. expectantly B. hesitantly C. joyfully D. nervously 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者是一名单身妈妈，打算买圣诞树过节时得到了自己失业的消息，作者只能假装平静。生活越来越拮据，在一个下雪的冬日早晨，作者望着窗外，意外看到了十年前的大学老师埃斯特，老师是来看望她们的，并为作者和女儿带来礼物，这给了作者希望，感觉一切都会好起来。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我和当时12岁的女儿克里斯蒂(Kristil)计划去买圣诞树时，我听到了自己的语音留言：“很抱歉，你今天的工作任务已经结束了。”A. achievement成就；B. assignment任务；C. announcement宣告；D. attachment附件。根据上文“On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job.”可知，此处为今天的工作任务已经结束了。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一个单亲妈妈，我越来越焦虑。A. existed存在；B. gathered聚集；C. exploded爆炸；D. grew变得。根据上文提到的工作任务已经结束了，以及该句中的“As a single parent”可推知，此处为作为一个单亲妈妈，我越来越焦虑。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我们寻找圣诞树的时候，我努力让自己高兴起来，看着每个价签。A. claimed声称；B. intended打算；C. struggled努力；D. tended倾向于，往往会。根据句意以及该句中的“to be cheerful as I eyed each price tag.”可推知，此处为当我们寻找圣诞树的时候，我努力让自己高兴起来，看着每个价签。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我的银行存款越来越少时，我急切地申请了工作。A. applied for申请；B. signed up for报名登记；C. accounted for解释，说明；D. made up for弥补。根据句意以及该句中的“as my bank account became smaller.”可推知，此处为当我的银行存款越来越少时，我急切地申请了工作。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我看着她走进去，周围都是我们买不起的好东西。A. filled充满着；B. surrounded围绕；C. covered覆盖；D. decorated装饰。根据句意以及该句中的“with all the nice things we couldn’t afford.”可知，此处为我看着她走进去，周围都是我们买不起的好东西。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我沮丧地开车回家。A. defeated受挫的，泄气的；B. puzzled吃惊的；C. scared害怕的；D. inspired受鼓舞的。根据上文提到的我看着她走进去，周围都是我们买不起的好东西。可知，此处为我沮丧地开车回家。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：整个上午都在断断续续地下雪。A. up and down上上下下； B. on and off断断续续地；C. here and there到处都是；D. in and out进进出出。根据句意以及该句中的“snowing”结合各个选项意思可知，此处为整个上午都在断断续续地下雪。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查介词词义辨析。句意：我注意到一个苗条的女人试图顶着风打开车门。A. beneath在……下方；B. beyond超过；C. alongside 在……旁边；D. against反对，逆。根据上文提到的整个上午都在断断续续地下雪。结合该句中的“the wind”可推知，此处为我注意到一个苗条的女人试图顶着风打开车门。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是埃斯特修女，一位善解人意的教授。A. flexible灵活的；B. respectable受人尊敬的；C. understanding善解人意的；D. intelligent聪明的。根据下文“When I was busy with lessons, she would ___10___ coloring books to occupy Kristil.”可推知，此处为这就是埃斯特修女，一位善解人意的教授。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我忙着上课时，她会带着涂色书来占用克里斯蒂的时间。A. take带走；B. bring带来；C. fetch拿取；D. show展示。根据句意以及该句中的“coloring books to occupy Kristil.”可知，此处为当我忙着上课时，她会带着涂色书来占用克里斯蒂的时间。故选B项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：所以，我想过来看看。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“Well, I called last week but couldn’t get through.”可推知，因为没有打通电话，所以想过来看看。故选A项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：埃斯特修女的出现给了我希望，一切都会好起来的。A. presence出现；B. charge要价；C. favor支持；D. absence 缺席。根据句意以及该句中的“that things would be all right.”可推知，此处为埃丝特修女的出现给了我希望，一切都会好起来的。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：她离开时，我打开了她的卡片。A. faded away逐渐消失；B. broke away脱离；C. pulled away离开；D. put away收拾。根据句意以及该句中的“I opened her card”可推知，此处为她离开时，我打开了她的卡片。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我惊讶地喘着气，感激的泪水从我的脸上流下。A. in regret后悔中；B. in amazement惊讶地；C. in despair绝望地；D. in comfort舒适地。根据上下文语境以及该句中的“tears of gratitude streaming down my face.”可推知，此处为我惊讶地喘着气，感激的泪水从我的脸上流下。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：圣诞节前夕，我高兴地看着克里斯蒂打开她的礼物。A. expectantly期待地；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. joyfully高兴地；D. nervously紧张地。根据上下文语境以及该句中的“watched as Kristil opened her gifts.”可知，此处为圣诞节前夕，我高兴地看着克里斯蒂打开她的礼物。故选C项。 三、语法填空 I have been in Taiyuan, the provincial capital of Shanxi, for two years since I ____1____(admit) to a PhD program in Shanxi University as an international student from Bangladesh. Over the two years, I found myself falling in love with Shanxi and China as I got more ____2____(absorb) in local lives and got more familiar ____3____ the city, the province and the country. I must admit that it’s normal to feel lonely when ____4____(start) a new life in a new place. You have to adapt to everything－food, language and culture. ____5____, my adaptation didn’t take a long period of time. I have got used to eating noodles for breakfast and using online payment via my smart phone very quickly. After a while at the university, I didn’t feel much pressure in my study. There is still enough spare time to allow me to visit various parts of Taiyuan and Shanxi and ____6____(make) friends with locals. My favorite sport is cycling and I find China is very cyclist-friendly because it is ____7____(convenience) to hire bicycles in every city in the country. I like to cycle in the streets in Taiyuan and visit places ____8____ I meet randomly. The cycling tours helped to deepen my understanding of the city. The city has a history of more than 2,500 years, the ____9____(long) among all cities in China. Plenty of well-preserved ancient structures, like the _____10_____(temple) in Jinci, the double pagodas in Yongzuo Temple, are the material evidence to help you get a glimpse into what ancient China looked like. I hope more international students come to study in Shanxi University and to live and work in China as the country is full of opportunities. 【答案】36. was admitted 37. absorbed 38. with 39. starting 40. However 41. to make 42. convenient 43. that/which 44. longest 45. temples 【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述来自孟加拉国的国际学生在山西求学和生活的经历。 【36题详解】 考查谓语动词。句意：自从我作为一名来自孟加拉国的国际学生被山西大学的博士生录取以来，我已经在山西省会太原待了两年。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，动词admit和主语I是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态结构，be动词用was。故填was admitted。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在这两年里，我发现自己爱上了山西和中国，因为我专注于了解当地生活，对这个城市、这个省和这个国家也变得更熟悉了。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查形容词，作表语。be/get absorbed in意为“专注于…”。故填absorbed。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：见第2题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语be/get familiar with，意为“熟悉…”。故填with。 【39题详解】 考查状语从句的省略。句意：我必须承认，当在一个新的地方开始新的生活时，感到孤独是很正常的。此处是when引导的状语从句的省略，当从句和主句主语是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词，动词start是句子主语I主动发出的动作，二者是主动关系，完整从句为when I am starting a new life in a new place，省略主语和be动词。故填starting。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：然而，我的适应没有花很长时间。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文是转折关系，空格前后都有标点符号，用副词However，起过渡的作用，句首单词首字母大写。故填However。 【41题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：还有足够的空闲时间让我可以参观太原和山西的各个地方，并与当地人交朋友。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要动词不定式结构和前面的to visit并列，构成固定短语allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”。故填to make。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：我最喜欢的运动是骑自行车，我发现中国对骑自行车的人非常友好，因为在全国每个城市租用自行车都很方便。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词，作表语，意为“方便的”。故填convenient。 【43题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢在太原的街道上骑自行车，参观我随机遇到的地方。分析句子结构和意思可知，____8____ I meet randomly是限制性定语从句，先行词places在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。 【44题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：这座城市有2500多年的历史，是中国所有城市中最长的。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有the，所以这里用最高级形式，表示“最长的”。故填longest。 【45题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：大量保存完好的古代建筑，如晋祠的寺庙和永祚寺的双塔，都是帮助你了解古代中国面貌的物证。分析句子结构和意思可知，temple是可数名词，此处表示不止一个，需要用名词复数形式。故填temples。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Michael Todd wore the same clothes every day for the first three weeks of school. When the other kids began to notice that he was wearing the same black pants and blue, teal, and gray long-sleeve shirt day after day, Todd, a freshman at Martin Luther King Jr. College Preparatory High School in Memphis, became the target of laughter. But there was little Todd could do. His mother simply couldn’t afford to buy him new clothes. Two of the kids piling on were Antwan Garrett and Kristopher Graham, a pair of freshman football players. But over time, they realized that their unfavorable words felt like bullying (欺凌) and seemed to be slowly crushing Todd’s spirit. Something finally clicked. “I felt like I needed to do something,” Graham told CBS News. So he and Garrett hatched a plan. They went home and hunted through their own drawers and closets. The next day at school, they met Todd at their third-period class and asked him to come into the hall. Todd was understandably nervous about being called out by the larger boys. “He wasn’t smiling or anything, and I was like, ‘I think this is going to make you smile,’” Graham says. “I told him, ‘We’re in the same third period, and I apologize for laughing at you, and I want to give something to you to make it up.’” He then handed Todd a bag. Inside were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New Balance sneakers. Todd was blown away. “I was very happy,” he told WATN-TV. “Surprised and upset, completely.” And Todd got much more than a new wardrobe. He no longer sits alone at lunch. Now he eats with his new friends, Garrett and Graham. “I’ve been bullied my entire life,” Todd told CBS News. Reflecting on the day Garrett and Graham called him into the hall, he called it “the best day of my entire life, basically.” 1.What can we learn about Todd and his family A. Todd worked hard to earn his living. B. Todd’s family lived in extreme poverty. C. Todd’s mother did nothing to change the situation. D. Todd were made fun of from the beginning of school. 2.What does the underlined word “hatched” mean in paragraph 2 A. Formed. B. Proved. C. Confirmed. D. Rejected. 3. What can be inferred from paragraphs 3-4 A. Todd was eager to make more friends with others. B. Todd felt puzzled when being shouted by Graham. C. Todd received no apology from Garrett and Graham. D. Todd was shocked but pleased at the kids’ help to him. 4. What does the author want to convey through the passage A. Hoping for the best while preparing for the worst. B. Accepting and living with each other’s weaknesses. C. Seeing others’ misfortune as an opportunity to help. D. Making friends with those having common interests. 【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了Michael Todd因为家境贫困没有衣服替换经常被嘲笑，Graham和Garrett后来意识到这是不对的，于是给Todd送衣服和鞋，帮助他的故事。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“But there was little Todd could do. His mother simply couldn’t afford to buy him new clothes.(但托德无能为力。他母亲根本买不起给他买新衣服)”及前文其他孩子看见Todd每天穿着一样的衣服而嘲笑他可知，Todd家境贫穷。故选B项。 【5题详解】 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文““I felt like I needed to do something,” Graham told CBS News.(“我觉得我需要做点什么，”格雷厄姆告诉CBS新闻)”及后文“They went home and hunted through their own drawers and closets.(他们回到家，翻遍了自己的抽屉和壁橱)”可知，此处表示Graham和Garrett策划了一个计划，hatch与form意思相近。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Todd was understandably nervous about being called out by the larger boys.(可以理解的是，托德害怕被大男孩喊出来)”及第四段“Todd was blown away. “I was very happy,” he told WATN-TV.(托德惊呆了。“我非常高兴，”他告诉WATN-TV，“非常惊讶和烦恼”)”可以推知，Todd对孩子们的帮助感到震惊，但也很高兴。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“He then handed Todd a bag. Inside were clean shirts and shorts, plus a brand-new pair of New Balance sneakers.(然后他递给托德一个袋子。里面是干净的衬衫和短裤，还有一双全新的新百伦运动鞋)”及最后一段“Reflecting on the day Garrett and Graham called him into the hall, he called it “the best day of my entire life, basically.(回想起加勒特和格雷厄姆把他叫进大厅的那一天，他说那基本上是“我一生中最美好的一天”)”可知，Graham和Garrett知道Todd家庭贫困，最后伸出援手，作者通过本文想要告诉我们，当我们看到别人不幸时，我们应该努力帮助他们，应该把别人的不幸看作是帮助别人的机会。故选C项。 B Humans feed thousands of songs to AI (人工智能). And it is able to analyse the basic information and recognize patterns that can be used to create original music. Such AI-created music is similar to those that any musician might compose. Recently, an AI-powered system, the Flow Machines, has released a song Daddy’s Car. This system is able to analyse the composers’ original ideas and come up with more ideas to assist them in composing. The system tries to combine the human mind with AI. Another great invention is Jukedeck, which works very easily. In order to create a new piece, the user just needs to select items like the desired music style (folk, rock, etc.) and the mood (sad or happy). After a few seconds, AI provides a piece of music for the user to download. Each user can create music tailored to his or her interest. Some musicians use AI to achieve what they could not do on their own. For example, Yacht, an American pop group, has used AI to break out of their comfort zone and try to create something different from their previous songs. Soon they have their new album, which contains 10 songs, all of which are very popular. The development of AI technology also comes with some concerns. Some human composers fear that their work might be replaced by a machine. Some others are worried about music itself and the music industry, as AI is now able to create music more and more similar to human-composed music. Faced with this challenge, on one hand, human musicians need to remain creative; on the other hand, they should understand how to use these new tools to explore new frontiers. Perhaps the future role of the human musicians will be to focus on emotions, leaving the machines to take care of other procedures. 1. What is the new development about AI in the text A. Its progress in replacing humans. B. Its ability in music composing. C. Its influence on human emotions. D. Its focus on changing human mind. 2. Why could Yacht create the popular new album A. Because they stuck to their former music style. B. Because they went beyond themselves with AI. C. Because they put in more than ten original songs. D. Because they insisted on composing by themselves. 3. What is the last paragraph mainly about A. Problems about AI composing. B. Limitations of AI technology. C. Challenges for human composers. D. Suggestions to human musicians. 4. Which word best describes the author’s attitude toward AI technology A. Objective. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring D. Confused. 【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人工智能可以用于谱曲，一些人类作曲家担心他们的作品可能会被机器取代。面对这一挑战，一方面，人类音乐家需要保持创造性；另一方面，他们应该了解如何使用这些新工具来探索新的领域。也许人类音乐家未来的角色将是专注于情感，让机器来处理其他程序。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Humans feed thousands of songs to AI (人工智能). And it is able to analyse the basic information and recognize patterns that can be used to create original music. Such AI-created music is similar to those that any musician might compose(人类将数千首歌曲输入人工智能。人工智能能够分析基本信息并识别可用于创作原创音乐的模式。这种人工智能创造的音乐与任何音乐家都可能创作的音乐相似)”可知，文章中提到人工智能的新发展是它的作曲能力，故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Some musicians use AI to achieve what they could not do on their own. For example, Yacht, an American pop group, has used AI to break out of their comfort zone and try to create something different from their previous songs(一些音乐家使用人工智能来实现他们自己无法做到的事情。例如，美国流行乐队Yacht利用人工智能突破了他们的舒适区，试图创造出与他们以前的歌曲不同的东西)”可知，Yacht使用人工智能突破了舒适圈，创造出了与他们以前的歌曲不同的东西，故选B项。 【10题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Faced with this challenge, on one hand, human musicians need to remain creative; on the other hand, they should understand how to use these new tools to explore new frontiers.( 面对这一挑战，一方面，人类音乐家需要保持创造性；另一方面，他们应该了解如何使用这些新工具来探索新的领域)”可知本段主要内容为针对文章提出的问题“人类作曲家担心他们的工作可能会被机器取代”给出具体的建议，故选D项。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Faced with this challenge, on one hand, human musicians need to remain creative; on the other hand, they should understand how to use these new tools to explore new frontiers. Perhaps the future role of the human musicians will be to focus on emotions, leaving the machines to take care of other procedures(面对这一挑战，一方面，人类音乐家需要保持创造性；另一方面，他们应该了解如何使用这些新工具来探索新的领域。也许人类音乐家未来的角色将是专注于情感，让机器来处理其他程序)”可知，作者对人工智能技术的态度是客观的，故选A项。 二、写作（满分15分） 第19届亚运会将于2023年9月23日至10月8日在杭州举行。为了确保亚运会圆满举办，你校发起志愿者招募活动。假如你是学生李华，也希望成为其中一员。请用英文写一封自荐信。 内容包括：1. 写信目的； 2. 自身优势。 参考词汇：第19届亚运会 The 19th Asian Games 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Sir/Madam, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Sir/Madam, I’m writing to apply for the position as a volunteer in the 19th Asian Games. I have several advantages as follows. Above all, I once worked as a volunteer in a musical festival, which is to say I have some valuable experience. Second, I have enough enthusiasm to assure that the 19th Asian Games will be held successfully. I am convinced I am the suitable person for this position and if I am selected, I will do my best to complete the tasks. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生用英文写一封自荐信申请成为第19届亚运会的志愿者。 【详解】1.词汇积累 优势：advantage →strength 首先：above all →in the first place 珍贵的：valuable →precious 完成：complete →finish 2.句式拓展 简单句变强调句 原句：I’m writing to apply for the position as a volunteer in the 19th Asian Games. 拓展句：It is the position as a volunteer in the 19th Asian Games that I’m writing to apply for. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Above all, I once worked as a volunteer in a musical festival, which is to say I have some valuable experience. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] Second, I have enough enthusiasm to assure that the 19th Asian Games will be held successfully. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)