Unit 4 Exploring poetry Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第一册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修一 U4 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills
【同步语法梳理】 非谓语动词作主语 不定式作主语：指具体的一次性的动作（通常会用it作形式主语） →表将来含义 结构一：It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb) + to do sth. 结构二：It is/was + a/an + n. + to do sth. 结构三：It takes/took + (sb) + time/courage/patience, ... + to do sth. It requires/required courage/patience/hard work, ... + to do sth. 动名词做主语：指一般的或抽象的多次性的动作，时间概念不强 (1)常用句型： 结构一：It is + adj.(eg. good, funny, nice, worthwhile, interesting, etc) + doing sth. 结构二：It is no/any/some good/use (in) doing sth. 结构三：There is no point/use/good (in) doing sth. 结构四：There is no doing sth. “禁止做……” (2)动名词的复合结构（注意时态和语态）： 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Mike’s returning to work is a great help to us. 注意 Doing + 谓语动词 + 其他. It + 谓语动词 + ... + to do sth. （80%）
非谓语动词作宾语 不定式作宾语 作及物动词的宾语（从一而终：动词形式后加to do作宾语，其名词形式后也是加to do） (1)决心学会想希望，拒绝没法愿假装；主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish refuse, manage, desire, pretend offer, promise, choose, plan agree, ask/beg, help
如：He hopes to go to university next year. 他盼望来年上大学。 She finally decided to give up the job. 她最后决定放弃那项工作。 (2)it作形式宾语，构成“及物动词 + it + adj./n. + (for sb) + to do sth”结构，这类及物动词常见的有：think, find, believe, feel, make, consider。如： Her foreign identity makes it hard (for her) to find a job here. 作介词的宾语：不定式通常不作介词的宾语，但可在except和but后作宾语（前有“do”，后无“to”）；若在 除二者之外的介词后作宾语，通常会加上特殊疑问词（宾语从句的省略）。如： They’re talking about how to get there. We have no choice but to wait. We have nothing to do but wait. 动名词作宾语 作及物动词的宾语 考虑建议盼原谅（consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon） 承认推迟没得想（admit, delay/put off, fancy） 避免错过继续练（avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practise） 否认完成就欣赏（deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate） 禁止想象才冒险（forbid, imagine, risk） 不禁介意准逃亡（can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape） 难以忍受始反对（can’t stand, set about, object to） 想要成功坚持忙（feel like, succeed in, stick to/insist on, be busy） 习惯放弃有困难（be used/accustomed to, give up, have difficulty/trouble/problems ） 导致专心防道款（lead to, devote to, prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from, apologize for） be surprised at 对……感到惊讶 be proud of 以……为骄傲 be afraid of 害怕……
注意 ①allow, permit, forbid, advise等及物动词后直接加动名词（doing）作宾语；如果这些词后有名词或代词，则用to do作宾语。如：allow doing sth.或allow sb to do sth.； ②大部分能加名词作宾语的及物动词，也能加动名词（doing）作宾语（但expect, want等除外）； ③主动表被动：need/want/require doing = need/want/require to be done。 作介词的宾语：vi./adj. + 介词短语 + doing。其中，需特别注意介词to！ 补充 含有介词to的固定搭配 admit to, be equal to, devote ... to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to开始沉湎于……；养成……的习惯, see to, attend to, lead to, pay attention to, be/get used/accustomed to等。 3、动名词的复合结构作宾语（注意时态和语态）： 人称代词（宾格）+ 动名词 形容词性物主代词 + 动名词 名词所有格 + 动名词 名词通格+ 动名词 如：①It the babysitter can’t come tomorrow, do you mind Fred’s/his/him being left alone at home, sleeping ②I knew nothing about the window being open. 非谓语动词作表语 不定式或动名词 →对称结构 注意 对于不定式，如果主语部分有实义动词“do”，则作表语的不定式通常省“to”。如： The only thing you can do is wait and see. （前有“do”，后无“to”） 分词：exciting和excited 非谓语动词作定语 注意 完成式不作定语！！ 作前置定语（单个单词 →所以没有to do） →doing, done 动名词（doing表功能，强调名词词性；没有being done） 现在分词（doing表进行，强调动作；没有being done） 过去分词（done表完成，强调动作） 注意 有些单个的过去分词在作定语时习惯后置，如：given, left, concerned有关的等。
作后置定语 →to do, to be done; doing, being done; done 不定式（表将来）* 现在分词短语（doing表主动/进行；being done表被动且进行，“正在被……”） 过去分词短语（done表被动且完成，“已经被……”）
There are many difficulties to handle. →可在不定式前加“for me”，说明困难是由“我”解决。 There are many difficulties to be handled. →表示困难不是由“我”解决。 中心词为不定代词，或被the only/last/next/ ..., the first等序数词或最高级修饰时。如： I have no pencil to write with. He is the first one to get to school. 注意 ①非谓语动词为不及物动词，则只有现在分词的主动形式（过去分词表示动作已完成）； ②非谓语动词为及物动词，则有2种情况： 有名词或代词作宾语，用现在分词的主动形式。如： They live in a room facing the south. 若无宾语，则用被动语态。根据时态的不同，有3种情况： The meeting to be held is very important. “将被举办的” The meeting being held is very important. “正在被举办的” The meeting held was very important. “已被举办的” 【同步知识梳理】 1. novelist n.小说家→ novel n.(长篇)小说 adj.新奇的 a novel feature 新特征 The corona-19 is a novel virus. 2. break with sth 与某事终止关联，破除 Time calls for a boss willing to break with old habits. break away from 摆脱，逃脱 break down (机器，车辆等) 出故障，抛锚；失败； (身体)垮掉；情不自禁的哭起来 break into 闯入；突然开始（笑、唱等）；成功参与；顺利打入 break off 中断；折断；突然停止 break out (战争，疾病，灾难等)突然爆发 break through 突破；攻克；挣脱而出 break up 打碎；结束；散开，解散； (学校)期中放假；变得虚弱 3.industrialization n. 工业化→ industry n.工业;行业→ industrial adj.工业的;产业的 4.advocate v. 拥护，支持，提倡 n. 拥护者，支持者，辩护律师 advocate (doing) sth. 提倡（做）某事 advocate + that 从句 (从句要用should型虚拟语气) 提倡...... an advocate of ... 一个......的拥护者 Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour. 很多专家主张对小孩的良好表现加以奖励。 The report advocated that all buildings (should) be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。
5. belief n.看法,信念;信仰;相信,信心 → believe v. 相信;认为真实 → believable adj.可信的 → unbelievable adj. 难以置信的 belief in sth/sb 相信；信心 I admire his passionate belief in what he is doing. 我佩服他对自己的工作所抱的坚定信心。 belief in God/democracy 对上帝╱民主的笃信 belief that... 看法；信念 She acted in the belief that she was doing good. 她这么做是因为她认定自己是在做好事。 Contrary to popular belief , he was not responsible for the tragedy. 大家的看法相反，对这出悲剧没有责任。 religious/political beliefs 宗教╱政治信仰 6. bend ( bent - bent ) （使）倾斜，偏向;（使四肢等）弯曲;把…弄弯（或折起）;（使）拐弯，弯曲 She bent forward to pick up the newspaper. 她弯腰去捡报纸。 Bend your knees, keeping your back straight. 膝盖弯曲，背部挺直。 He bent the wire into the shape of a square. 他把铁丝折成正方形。 The road bent sharply to the right. 路向右急转弯。 bent adj. 弯曲的；弯腰的，驼背的；（非正式）不诚实的；决心的 be bent on doing sth 决心要做，一心想做 She seems bent on making life difficult for me. 她似乎专门和我过不去。 7.claim v. 宣称，声称；要求；索取；赢得，获得；引起（注意）；夺去（生命）；索赔（钱财） n. 声称，宣称；所有权；索赔 I don't claim to be an expert. 我不敢自称为专家。 It was claimed that some doctors were working 80 hours a week. 据说有些医生每周工作80小时。 A lot of lost property is never claimed. 许多失物从未被认领。 He's not entitled to claim unemployment benefit. 他无权要求领取失业救济金。 A most unwelcome event claimed his attention. 一件最讨厌的事情需要他去考虑。 She has finally claimed a place on the team. 她终于成了那支队的队员。 The car crash claimed three lives. 那次撞车事故导致三人死亡。 8.hence adv. 因此；今后 We suspect they are trying to hide something, hence the need for an independent inquiry. 我们怀疑他们在企图隐瞒什么事，因此有必要进行独立调查。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely (bring) your work home. 2. (build) the bridge, the workers moved to another city. 3. (face) with the difficult situation, he took courage and overcame it at last. 4. Lang Ping is the first person in volleyball history (win) gold as both a player and a head coach in the Olympic Games. 5. (inspire) by the spirit of the spider, the general gathered his soldiers and trained them carefully. 6. Keep the injured with his head (hold) straight while someone calls for emergency. 7. The airport (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. 8. At the party, the pretty girl wore a very attractive skirt to make herself (notice)． 二、单句语法填空 1. We must also consider the reaction of the person________(receive) the gift. 2. With the problem ________(solve), I felt proud of my achievement. . 3. I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left_________ (complete) the rest. . 4. There, ________(place) neatly beside the empty dish ,were two nickels and five pennies—her tip! 5. ________( compare) with the previous year, the number of students who went abroad for study was increased by 15 ,000, or a rise of 13%. 6. Storms swept along New Mexico's border with Texas on Friday, ______(destroy) homes and other buildings and injuring. 7. We must practise speaking and________ (write) the language whenever we can, but it is not enough only ________ (memorize) rules from a grammar book. 8. The television viewer makes no choice and no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything ______ (present) to him without any effort on his part. 三、语法填空 The Mid Autumn Day is a very important traditional festival in China. It takes its name from the fact that it (1)________ (celebrate) in the middle of the autumn season. The Mid Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. The day is known as the Moon Festival, as at the time of the year, the moon is at its roundest and (2)________ (bright). It is an evening celebration in (3)________ families gather together and eat moon cakes. Besides, (4)________ (make) the house more beautiful, people will hang red lanterns in front of it. On that day, people look back on the past and look forward to the future together. Children will play with their own (5)________ (toy) and enjoy themselves. The Mid Autumn Festival celebrations date back (6)________ more than 2,000 years. The word “Mid Autumn” first (7)________ (appear) in the famous ancient book Zhou Li. However, it was not (8)________ the early Tang Dynasty that people celebrated the day as a traditional festival. It became an (9)________ (official) established festival during the Song Dynasty, and has become as popular as the Spring Festival since the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Celebrations have continued ever since and more customs for (10)________ (mark) this occasion have been formed. 【答案】 一、1.to bring 2.Having built 3.Faced4.to win 5.Inspired 6.held 7.to be completed 8.noticed 二、1.receiving 2. solved 3. to complete 4. placed 5. compared 6. destroying 7. writing; to memorize 8. presented 三、36. is celebrated　37. brightest　 38. which　 39. to make 40. toys　 41. to　 42. appeared　43. until　 44. officially　 45. marking 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Memory loss can occur to anyone. If you are unable to take good care of your memory, then chances are you will suffer from memory loss at a very young age.___1___ Stress is a state of mental or emotional fatigue(疲劳).___2___This is the reason why we fail to remember or learn new things when we are mentally stressed. To prevent stress-related loss of memory and learning ability, one has to find the factors that increase stress and anxiety and deal with them. If you exercise on a regular basis, your body will become stronger over time.___3___As your brain does more exercise, it gets healthier and works better. This is why students are encouraged to do mind exercises or play mind-related games regularly. ___4___It allows good blood circulation(循环) in the body and enable the mind to process present as well as past information quickly. However, many people neglect the importance of doing so. Also, always include healthy foods in your daily diet that can improve your memory, such as blueberries, spinach and broccoli. These are just some of the causes of memory loss. At present, experts are unable to tell exactly what the main reason leading to memory loss is. This is because there could be many reasons leading to it, such as environmental factors. The brain is a complex organ.___5___What matters is that you are able to follow the right set of guidelines to prevent yourself from suffering from memory loss. A. It affects the memory and learning ability of an individual B. Having a healthy and balanced diet is very important C. Trying giving yourself a break will be a good way D. It makes it almost impossible to find the true cause of memory loss E. This rule applies to the brain as well F. It is very helpful to have a regular place to put things in G. The following are the top three reason for memory loss and how you can avoid them 【答案】16. G 17. A 18. E 19. B 20. D 【分析】本文是说明文。文章说明了造成健忘的三个主要原因以及如何避免它们的发生。 【16题详解】 根据上文Memory loss can occur to anyone. If you are unable to take good care of your memory, then chances are you will suffer from memory loss at a very young age.提到了任何人都可能健忘，如果你不能好好的照顾自己的记忆，那么在非常年轻的时候就可能会遭遇健忘，结合下文内容推断G项（下面给出造成健忘的三个主要原因以及如何避免它们的发生。）承上启下，故选G。 【17题详解】 根据Stress is a state of mental or emotional fatigue(疲劳).（压力是一种精神或情绪疲劳的状态）和This is the reason why we fail to remember or learn new things when we are mentally stressed.（这就是为什么当我们精神紧张时，我们不能记住或学习新事物的原因） 可知这里意思是压力会影响人的记忆力和学习能力，故选A。 【18题详解】 根据上文If you exercise on a regular basis, your body will become stronger over time. 这里提到了经常运动会使身体更强壮这一规则，故E项（这条规则同样适用于大脑。）符合语境，引出下文“随着你大脑做更多的运动，它变得更健康，工作得更好”，故选A。 【19题详解】 根据下文Also, always include healthy foods in your daily diet that can improve your memory, such as blueberries, spinach and broccoli.( 此外，在日常饮食中始终包括健康的食物，这些食物可以提高你的记忆力，如蓝莓、菠菜和西兰花) 可知，这里提到了健康和均衡的饮食，选B。（有一个健康和均衡的饮食非常重要）符合语境，故选B。 【20题详解】 根据上文The brain is a complex organ. 这里提到了大脑是一个很复杂的器官，所以选D。（找到造成健忘的真正原因几乎是不可能的。）符合语境，故选D。 二、完形填空 It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago. Mr. Leonard ____1____ a little dog going around his camp trying to ____2____ herself. “Cute, but I’m not giving you any,” Leonard thought. Like all ____3____, he had packed just enough for the whole ____4____. He’d been running competitively for three years, and he had a ____5____ to win. The next day, at the starting line, the dog ____6____ him again. He waved her away, worried that she might be stepped on by the runners. ____7____, the dog followed him all the way until the day’s race ____8____ That night the dog snuggled (偎依) up to Leonard and even ____9____ to get a little food from him. By then, he was determined to name her Gobi. The pair went on to finish the seven-day race, with Gobi ____10____ a distance of 125km on her own, and winning Leonard over, enough for him to make a ____11____ — he would take her home to Edinburgh. “Seeing Gobi on the race ____12____ my attitude to things. It made me think more about stopping and helping her, rather than just focusing on winning, ” said Leonard, who finished second. “It also made my running more enjoyable , giving me a lot of pleasure.” As Leonard was preparing to get Gobi home, she was missing. With a group of 20 local volunteers coming to his ____13____, he finally found her. After that, Leonard never let Gobi out of his ____14____. Now Gobi’s favorite activity is still running, and she ____15____ does at least 8km a day with Leonard up the hills. 1. A. treated B. spotted C. adopted D. recognized 2. A. feed B. water C. entertain D. accommodate 3. A. hikers B. climbers C. explorers D. competitors 4. A. plan B. course C. day D. camp 5. A. desire B. chance C. right D. tendency 6. A. bothered B. stopped C. approached D. welcomed 7. A. Nevertheless B. Meanwhile C. Therefore D. Otherwise 8. A. came along B. got down C. kicked off D. wound up 9. A. expected B. managed C. afforded D. begged 10. A. keeping B. setting C. covering D. extending 11. A. decision B. choice C. comment D. difference 12. A. sponsored B. acknowledged C. challenged D. changed 13. A. rescue B. mind C. assistance D. defense 14. A. reach B. way C. hand D. sight 15. A. gradually B. routinely C. eventually D. occasionally 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了热爱跑步的Leonard在参加马拉松比赛时发现了一只小狗，小狗一直跟随他跑完了比赛，最后他把小狗带回家的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Leonard先生发现一只小狗在他的营地周围走动，试图找东西吃。A. treated对待，治疗；B. spotted发现；C. adopted收养；D. recognized辨认，认出。根据上文“It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago.”及常识可知，Leonard先生在参加横跨戈壁沙漠的马拉松比赛时发现了这只小狗，spot意为“看见，发现”符合句意。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Leonard先生看到一只小狗在他的营地周围走动，试图找东西吃。A. feed喂；B. water浇水；C. entertain娱乐；D. accommodate为（某人）提供住宿，适应。根据后文“That night the dog snuggled (偎依) up to Leonard and even____10____ to get a little food from him.”可知，这只狗正在找东西给自己吃，所以feed符合句意。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：和所有的参赛者一样，他带的东西只够整个赛程使用。A. hikers徒步旅行者；B. climbers登山者；C. explorers探险家，勘探者；D. competitors参赛者。根据上文“It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago.”以及下文“He’d been running competitively for three years, and he had a __5__ to win.”可知此处指参加马拉松比赛的参赛者，所以competitors意为“参赛者”符合题意。故选D。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：像所有的参赛者一样，他所带的东西刚好够他跑完全程。A. plan计划；B. course过程，课程；C. day天；D. camp营地。根据“It was the first night of a tiring seven-day 250km race across the Gobi Desert a year ago.”以及下文第四段第一句“The pair went on to finish the seven-day race”可知，此处指Leonard参加的马拉松比赛整个赛程，course符合题意。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他参加跑步比赛已经三年了，他渴望获胜。A. desire渴望；B. chance机会；C. right权利；D. tendency趋势。根据“He’d been running competitively for three years,”可知，Leonard参赛很渴望获得胜利，短语have a desire to do意为“渴望做某事”符合句意。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，在起跑线上，狗再次走近他。A. bothered打扰；B. stopped停止；C. approached接近，着手处理；D. welcomed欢迎。根据后文“He waved her away”可知，这只狗靠近他。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，这只狗一直跟着他，直到那天的比赛结束。A. Nevertheless尽管如此，然而；B. Meanwhile同时；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据上文“He waved her away”及下文“the dog followed him all the way until the day’s race ____9____.”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用表示转折意义的副词，所以nevertheless意为“然而”符合句意。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然而，这只狗一路跟着他，直到那天的比赛结束。A. came along出现；B. got down下来，记下；C. kicked off踢开；D. wound up结束。根据“the dog followed him all the way”可知，这只狗是一直跟着Leonard到比赛结束。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，这只狗依偎在Leonard身边，甚至还设法从他那里弄到一点食物。A. expected期待；B. managed管理；C. afforded买得起，承担得起（后果），提供；D. begged恳求。根据上文“‘Cute, but I’m not giving you any,’ Leonard thought.”以及本句中“That night the dog snuggled (偎依) up to Leonard and even”可知这次狗设法从Leonard那里弄到一点食物，动词短语manage to do sth意为“设法做成某事”符合句意。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人继续完成了为期7天的比赛，Gobi独自跑了125公里，这赢得了Leonard的支持，这足以让他做出决定——他将带她回爱丁堡的家。A. keeping保持；B. setting设立；C. covering覆盖；D. extending扩展。根据“The pair went on to finish the seven-day race,”可知Gobi跑完125公里的路程，短语cover a distance of意为“走完（一段路程）”。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人继续完成了为期7天的比赛，Gobi独自跑了125公里，这赢得了Leonard的支持，足以让他做出决定——他要带她回爱丁堡的家。A. decision决定；B. choice选择；C. comment评论；D. difference不同（之处），差异。根据“he would take her home to Edinburgh.”可知Leonard决定将戈壁带回家，短语make a decision意为“做决定”符合句意。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到比赛中的Gobi改变了我对事物的态度。A. sponsored赞助；B. acknowledged承认；C. challenged挑战；D. changed改变。根据“It made me think more about stopping and helping her, ____15____ just focusing on winning,”可知，Leonard改变自己的态度。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在20名当地志愿者的帮助下，他终于找到了她。A. rescue拯救；B. mind头脑，心思，思维；C. assistance帮助；D. defense防御。根据后文“he finally found her”可知，找到走失的Gobi是在当地志愿者的帮助下找到的，所以assistance意为“帮助”，came to one’s assistance意为“帮助某人”符合句意。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，Leonard再也没有让Gobi离开过他的视线。A. reach到达；B. way方法；C. hand手；D. sight视力。根据语境可知，找到Gobi之后，Leonard从来没有让Gobi离开过他的视线。out of sight“看不见；在视野之外”符合句意。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在Gobi最喜欢的活动仍然是跑步，她每天和Leonard一起爬山，每天至少跑8公里。A. gradually逐渐地；B. routinely日常地；常规地；C. eventually最终；D. occasionally偶尔。根据前文“Now Gobi’s favorite activity is still running,”可知，Leonard每天和Gobi爬山，所以routinely符合句意。故选B。 三、语法填空 Tu Youyou ____1____ (acknowledge) as a great scientist of achievements. When the Chinese government formed a team of scientists ____2____ the objective of finding new treatments for malaria, Tu was among the first researchers chosen. Tu and her team reviewed and evaluated ancient Chinese medical texts to find ____3____ (botany) treatments for the disease. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract from wormwood, they found a substance that worked. Later, the medicine was tested on malaria patients, most of ____4____ recovered. Upon ____5____ (hear) that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said the honor belonged to her team and all the people in her country. 【答案】36. is acknowledged 37. with 38. botanical 39. whom 40. hearing 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了科学家屠呦呦致力于研究治疗疟疾的疗法，成功提取青蒿素并获得诺贝奖的事迹。 【36题详解】 考查动词时态及语态。句意：屠呦呦被公认为是一位有成就的伟大科学家。设空处在句中作谓语，根据句意可知此句为一般现在时，Tu Youyou 与acknowledge之间是被动关系，所以此空填is acknowledged，短语“be acknowledged as...”意为“被承认是……，被公认为……”。故填is acknowledged。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：当中国政府组建了一个旨在寻找新的疟疾治疗方法的科学家团队时，屠呦呦是首批被选中的研究人员之一。固定短语with the objective of意为“目的在于……，旨在于……”符合句意，故填with。 【38题详解】 考查形容词。句意：屠呦呦和她的团队回顾并评估了中国古代医学文献，以找到治疗这种疾病的植物疗法。设空处在句中作定语修饰“treatments”，所给词botany的形容词botanical意为“植物（学）的”符合句意。故填botanical。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句关系词。句意：后来，这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了试验，大多数人都康复了。句子分析可知“most of ____ recovered”为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词malaria patients，指人，在从句中做介词of的宾语，所以填关系代词whom。故填whom。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：获悉自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说这个荣誉属于她的团队以及她国家的所有人民。由空前的“upon”可知设空处应该用所给词hear的动名词形式，介词短语“upon +n/doing”表示“一……就……”作时间状语。故填hearing。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A How intelligent can a computer be May be you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet. If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kid’s huge memory. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season. He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers. A question about Smarter Child’s age returns, “One year, 11 days, 16 hours, 7 minutes, and 47 seconds!” Asking where he lives, “In a clean room in a high-tech building in California.” Smarter Child uses the huge information on the World Wide Web as his memory bank. To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online. For the weather, he visits www.. Some scientists believe that by joining the many systems of the Internet, an artificial being with the combined knowledge of, say, Albert Einstein, Richard Nixon and Britney Spears could be born. However, if Smarter Child wants to think and learn on his own like the boy-computer David in the movie A. I. Artificial Intelligence, he must solve two problems. The first is that computers find it difficult to read web pages because the files are sorted in different ways. That’s why programmers need to tell Smarter Child where to look for the weather. It would be a much more difficult task to let him find it himself. Another problem is that while Smarter Child can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks(缺少) common sense—a basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious(明显的) to any young child. 1. Which of the following cannot be done by Smart Child A. Spelling words. B. Recording facts. C. Knowing players’ names. D. Answering personal questions. 2. What do we know about www. A. It is designed to help Smarter Child. B. It is about artificial intelligence. C. It helps people find Smarter Child. D. It can forecast the weather. 3. Which of the following is the most difficult for Smart Child A. Distinguishing right behaviors from wrong ones. B. Telling how the American government is run. C. Providing a famous poem by Shakespeare. D. Dealing with information accurately. 4. What’s the best title of the text A. Where is artificial intelligence leading us B. Can Smart Child have critical thinking C. How intelligent can Smart Child be D. Does Smart Child have combined knowledge 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了关于美国新开发的电脑程序“智能孩子”以及它的功能和限制等。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“If you ran into Smarter Child online, you would be surprised at this kid’s huge memory. It can recite many facts. For example, Smarter Child knows every baseball player in every team this season.（如果你在网上运行“智能孩子”，你会惊讶于它的巨大记忆力。它能背诵许多事实。例如，“智能孩子”认识本赛季每支球队的每一位棒球运动员。）”可知C项正确，根据第三段第一二句“He knows every word in the dictionary and the weather in every major city areas across the US. However, if you ask Smarter Child other questions, you get strange answers.（他知道字典里的每一个单词，知道美国每个大城市的天气情况。然而，如果你问“智能孩子”其他问题，你会得到奇怪的答案。）”可知，智能孩子能回答私人问题，D项正确，根据第四段第二句“To answer questions about spelling, for instance, Smarter Child goes to American Heritage Dictionary online.（例如，要回答拼写方面的问题，“智能孩子”会去美国传统在线词典(American Heritage Dictionary)。）”智能孩子会拼写单词，A项正确，因此得出答案，智能孩子不能记录事实，只能背诵事实。故选B项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“For the weather, he visits www.. （有关天气信息，他可以访问www.。）”可知，这里是说www.这个网站可以预报天气。故选D项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Another problem is that while Smarter Child can deal with information more exactly and faster than any human, he lacks(缺少) common sense—a basic grounding of knowledge that is obvious(明显的) to any young child.（另一个问题是，尽管“智能孩子”能比任何人更准确、更快地处理信息，但他缺乏常识——对任何小孩子来说都显而易见的基本知识基础。）”可知，智能孩子判断不出来正确或者错误的行为，因为缺乏常识。故选A项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。本篇文章是“总-分”结构，文章第一段“How intelligent can a computer be May be you can get the answer after reading the following passage about a newly-developed US computer program called Smarter Child and the Internet.（计算机能有多智能 读完下面这篇关于美国新开发的电脑程序“智能孩子和互联网”的文章，也许你就能得到答案了。）”可知，文章开头就点名了主题，即“智能孩子有多智能？”。故选C项。 B Not long ago, “blind box economy” suddenly became popular, winning the heart of large numbers of faithful fans. People simply get interested in it. A couple spent 200 thousand yuan on them. Another sixty-year-old guy spent over 700 thousand yuan in buying blind boxes. Statistics showed that last year 300 thousand hobbyists made deals through a second-hand shopping platform. The blind boxes usually contain peripheral (附带的) dolls of comics and animation, or film and television, or specially designed ones. A single blind box usually costs about thirty to fifty yuan. But there is no mark on the box, and only after opening it can the buyer see what he has bought. This is rather like buying lottery tickets, for the buyer has to bet on his luck. However, addiction to blind box is much like that to gambling (赌博). It is highly nontransparent compared with lottery ticket. Nobody knows whether sellers of blind boxes exaggerated (夸大) the winning rate so as to attract people to buy them, thus digging a consumption trap. Besides, it is also unknown whether the objects in the blind boxes are genuine or not. The blind box economy promoted its second-hand trade. The price of some classic dolls or dolls of limited edition have skyrocketed in second-hand trade platforms, and some may reach thirty to forty times. But it is difficult for buyers to judge whether it is the result of real supply and demand, or the consequence of businessmen’s tricks. The basis of the “blind box economy” is the cultural trend of collection. Many of the target consumers are young people who have scanty experience of life. They are thus attracted by deliberately exaggerated probability of “winning a prize” and constantly throw money to buy blind boxes in order to gain dolls that they desire. Or they may buy at second-hand trade platform high-priced blind box dolls, thinking they can keep value preservation and appreciation, thus falling into the fixed pattern of trap carefully designed by businessmen. Therefore, it is necessary to remind young people to control their consumption in case they become addicted. 1. Why are a couple and a sixty-year-old guy mentioned in Paragraph 1 A. To stress the importance of “blind box economy” . B. To give the sum of money spent on “blind box economy”. C. To show the popularity of “blind box economy” . D. To prove older people can afford to pay more. 2. Which of the following cannot contribute to “blind box economy” A. The fondness of gambling to bet on their luck. B. The high winning rate exaggerated by sellers. C. The blind faith in the cultural trend of collection D. The possibility of making a fortune in second-hand trade. 3. What does the underlined word “scanty” in Paragraph 4 probably mean A. previous B. inadequate C. personal D. unforgettable 4. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage A. To inform readers of the “blind box economy”. B. To promote the products of “blind box economy”. C. To list the reasons behind the popularity of “blind box economy”. D. To warn the consumers to think twice before buying blind boxes. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. B 11. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章对“盲盒经济”的流行进行了分析并表明了其中的危害，建议人们在购买盲盒之前要三思。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, ‘blind box economy’ suddenly became popular, winning the heart of large numbers of faithful fans. People simply get interested in it. A couple spent 200 thousand yuan on them. Another sixty-year-old guy spent over 700 thousand yuan in buying blind boxes.”(不久前，“盲盒经济”突然流行起来，赢得了大批忠实粉丝的心。人们只是对它感兴趣。一对夫妇花了20万元买的。另一位60岁的老人花了70多万元买了盲盒。)可推知，第一段中提到一对夫妇和一个六十岁的人买盲盒，是为了表明“盲盒经济”的流行。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Nobody knows whether sellers of blind boxes exaggerated (夸大) the winning rate so as to attract people to buy them, thus digging a consumption trap.”(没有人知道盲盒的卖家是否为了吸引人们购买而夸大了中奖率，从而陷入了消费陷阱。)可知，卖家夸大的中奖率导致了盲盒经济，排除选项B；根据倒第二段第一句“The basis of the ‘blind box economy’ is the cultural trend of collection.”(“盲盒经济”的基础是收藏文化的流行。)和第三句“They are thus attracted by deliberately exaggerated probability of ‘winning a prize’ and constantly throw money to buy blind boxes in order to gain dolls that they desire.”(因此，他们被故意夸大的“中奖”概率所吸引，不断地砸钱购买盲盒，以获得自己想要的玩偶。)可知，文化收藏流行中的盲目信仰导致了盲盒经济，排除选项C；根据倒第二段最后一句“Or they may buy at second-hand trade platform high-priced blind box dolls, thinking they can keep value preservation and appreciation, thus falling into the fixed pattern of trap carefully designed by businessmen.”(或者在二手交易平台上购买高价盲盒娃娃，以为可以保值增值，落入商家精心设计的陷阱定式。)可知，通过二手交易发大财的可能性导致了盲盒经济，排除选项D。故选A。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒第二段第二句中的“Many of the target consumers are young people”(许多目标消费者是年轻人)可推知，此处是指年轻人缺乏人生经验。scanty意为“缺乏的”，与inadequate是近义词。故选B。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Therefore, it is necessary to remind young people to control their consumption in case they become addicted.”(因此，有必要提醒年轻人控制他们的消费，以防他们上瘾。)可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是警告消费者在购买盲盒之前要三思。故选D。 写作 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 There I was stuck AGAIN. This was the same feeling that overwhelms me every year. But this year it was different, because if I failed this exam I would not graduate. I sat there, panic stricken, unable to move. Pressure crushed in on me. What if I could not go to high school Would Dad and Mum kick me out of their house I took two deep breaths and looked up. I could see the teacher pacing up and down. The classroom was dead silent except for the clock. Tick Tock. Tick Tock. I checked the clock for the third time. Ten minutes left! I clenched (握紧) and unclenched my fist in an attempt to calm myself. Think! I told myself. I knew I could do this. My hand couldn’t help trembling. Then I scribbled (胡乱写下) the first few words that hit me. “It isn’t my fault...” I stared blankly at those words. At the comer of my eye, I could see my teacher walking towards me. She was checking on our progress! Dread built up within me. Then, I glanced at the four words again. Without any warning, my hand moved to write. Hair on my arms stood as the teacher leaned in and started to read my work. I peered over to see my teacher’s expression, praying that my work had not brought in disappointment. To my astonishment, she displayed a clear satisfaction! That was good, wasn’t it I hurriedly looked down at my essay. I skimmed it through. I felt proud. Now, there’s something I was still worried about. I checked the clock. Two minutes left! I was still writing! I bit my lip, took a deep breath, and concentrated on writing. I heard the teacher leave. “There’s one minute left. Please check your work.” the teacher reminded us. 注意： 1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右; 2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。 Paragraph 1: “One minute left ” I exclaimed. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: A week later, the teacher handed the papers back to us. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】参考范文 One possible version: “One minute left ” I exclaimed. Everybody looked at me weirdly. I looked down, feeling ashamed. But I had to finish the paper. I tried to ignore everything and continue writing. One more word, I said to myself, come on. Just like this, I forced myself to concentrate and willed my hand to scribble whatever that popped up on my mind. “Time’s up! Put your pens down. Please hand in your test paper to me in the front.” the teacher announced. I finished! I put down my pen, breathing a sigh of relief, and then I stood up and limped towards the teacher to hand it in-my legs felt like noodles, thanks to the extreme tension. A week later, the teacher handed the papers back to us. It was the time for truth! I folded my paper and held it tightly in my hands, shilly-shallying about whether to check the result in front of my classmates. Finally I decided I should face my fate bravely and unfolded it. It was an “A”! I could not believe my eyes. How could it be It was the first time in my life that I had got an “A”. I turned to look at my teacher. Our eyes met. She nodded and gave me a big smile! At that point, I made a firm resolution: I’d be more hard-working and more confident, so that I wouldn’t be stuck and panic like this again in high school. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在考场上再一次感到非常焦虑恐慌，害怕自己不及格让父母失望，经过一系列心理斗争强迫让自己平静下来继续答卷的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“还剩下一分钟吗？我喊道。”可知，第一段可描写临近交卷前作者的行为以及交卷后的心理状态。 ②由第二段首句内容“一周后，老师把试卷还给了我们。”可知，本段应该写作者本次考试的结果以及之后的心理状态。 2.续写线索：羞愧提出疑问——继续完成答题——交卷后如释重负——试卷下发——勇敢面对成绩——成绩结果优秀——老师满意——下定决心
3.词汇激活
行为类 ①集中精力：concentrate/focus ②胡乱写：scribble/scrawl ③犹豫不决：shilly-shally/hesitate ④下定决心：make a firm resolution/make up one’s mind
情绪类
①古怪地：weirdly/oddly/strangely ②勇敢地：bravely/courageously 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I folded my paper and held it tightly in my hands, shilly-shallying about whether to check the result in front of my classmates.（运用了现在分词作伴随状语）
[高分句型2]. I’d be more hard-working and more confident, so that I wouldn’t be stuck and panic like this again in high school.（运用了so that引导目的状语从句）