Unit 4 Looking Good,Feeling Good Extended reading - Project 导学案 译林版（2019）必修 第一册

年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：B1 U4-3 Extended reading - Project
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：treatment 原文：Mr Wilson is very happy with the treatment. 威尔逊先生对这个治疗非常满意。(教材P50) treatment n.治疗；对待，待遇；处理 in the treatment of … 在… 的治疗过程中 medical treatment 治疗，医疗 fair treatment 公平对待 treat vt.治疗；对待；探讨；视为 vi. 探讨；请客；协商 n. 请客；款待 treat… as/ like把… 当做 treat sb to sth用某物款待某人 treat sb for (with sth) (用某物)治疗某人的某种疾病 beyond measure 无法估量的 例：①He had to go to hospital for treatment. 他不得不去医院接受治疗。 ②This treatment removes the most stubborn stains. 这种处理去掉了最难以去除的污渍。 ③He was treated as a hero on his release from prison. 他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。 例题训练： ①His good health is a witness to _______________________. 他身体健康证明这种疗法是成功的。 ②My parents still ___________________ a child. 我父母仍然把我当成孩子。 ③The condition is usually ___________________ drugs and a strict diet. 这种病通常用药物和严格控制饮食进行治疗。 Keys：①the success of the treatment②treat me like③treated with 知识点2：hang over 原文：Dark thoughts about your physical appearance can hang over you all the time like a rain cloud. 关于你外表的负面想法能像雨云一样一直笼罩着你（教材P53） hang over使忧心忡忡，担心可能发生 例：①The possibility of losing her Job is still hanging over her.可能失业的阴影依然笼罩着她。 ② A great danger will hang over him.他大难临头了。 【归纳拓展】 hang on稍等；抓住；别挂断 hang on to抓住：保留 hang up挂断电话 hang out/around with sb.和某人混在一起 hang about/around闲逛 例：① Hang on, I'll just see if he’s here.等一下；我这就看看他在不在。 ② After I hung up I remembered what I'd wanted to say我挂断电话之后才想起来原本想说的话。 【误区警示】hang多表示“悬挂”的意思，过去式、过去分词为hung。 例题训练： ① The threat of war ____________________(笼罩着这个地区). ② After ____________________ (我挂断电话) I realized I forgot to ask him his telephone number. ③ ____________________(别挂断)for a moment! He is coming. ④ ____________________ (抓住)the rope; don’t let go of it and I will pull you up. ⑤ His parents don't allow him to ____________________(和混在一起) the wild guys. ⑥Let's ___________________ (保留) the old pipe ---it may be valuable later. ⑦He has nothing to do all day long and ____________________(闲逛) in the street. Keys:① hung over the area ②I hung up③ Hang on ④Hang on to ⑤ hang out/around with ⑥ hang on to ⑦ hangs around/ /about 知识点3：what 引导的宾语从句 原文：This has proved to have a negative effect on what you think of your physical appearance.这已经被证明了对你自己外表的评价有着消极的影响。(教材P53) what在本句中引导的是宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。 what引导宾语从句首先理解what的意思，最基本的就是“什么”。……的人/事/物。what引导的宾语从句中，what即是引导词，也在句子中充当句子成分（主要为主语，宾语，表语），有一定的意义... that也可以引导宾语从句，但在宾语从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，通常可以将其省略。 例：①They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经做了他们能做到一切去帮助了。 ②Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 ③The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了似乎几个小时。 ④He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。 例题训练： ①After _____________ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 ②The general directed _____________the prisoners should be set free at once. 将军指示立即释放那些俘虏。 Keys： ①what ②that 知识点4：live up to 原文：…these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to …. … 这些标准对大多数人来说根本无法达成。(教材P53) live up to达到，符合，不辜负 live a … life 过着… 的生活 live on 继续活着；以…为主食；靠…活着 live through 经历… 而幸存 live with 和…在一起 live with oneself 不会感到内疚，会心安理得的；自重 例：①The new president of the university is trying his best to live up to the expectations of the students. 这所大学的新校长正在努力不辜负学生们的期望。 ②It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. 他越来越难以靠他的工资维持生计了。 ③ If you want to live a simple life，you need to simplify your mind. 要是你想过简单的生活，你需要使你的思想简化。 例题训练： ①Boarders at school ____________________, much less comfortable than that at home. 寄宿生的日子很辛苦，没有在家舒服。 ②The old lady is not likely to ___________________ the winter. 那位老妇人不大可能活过这个冬天。 ③It's of vital importance to ____________________; otherwise, empty promises would only result in bad names. 信守承诺至关重要，不然，空头承诺只会带来坏名声。 Keys：①live a hard life ②live through ③live up to our promises 知识点5：end up 原文：They will only end up feeling worse about themselves..他们到头来只会觉得自己更糟。（教材P53） end up最终成为，最终处于 end up doing end up+介词短语 end up+形容词 例：①If you go on tricking people, you’ll end up in prison 你如果继续骗人，早晚得进监狱。 ②I ended up doing all the work myself. 结果所有的活儿都是我一个人干了。 ③If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead 他如果继续像那样开车，总有一天会把命都丢掉 ④If you don' t know what you want, you might end up getting something you don' t want. 你如果不知道自己想要什么，到头来你可能得非所愿。 例题训练： ①He will ___________________（最后会有麻烦)if he is not careful. ②At first they hated each other. But they ended up __________________ (结婚了) Keys: ①end up in trouble ②getting married 知识点6：the way 作先行词引导的定语从句 原文：You friends also influence the way you view your physical appearance. 你的朋友也影响你看待自己外貌的方式。(教材P53) 本句中“you view your physical appearance”是定语从句，先行词为the way。当先行词为the way，并表达“做某事的方法”的含义时，定语从句用 that或者 in which 引导，也可以省略关系代词。 ①I don't like the way that you speak to me. ②I don't like the way in which you speak to me. ③I don't like the way you speak to me. 我不喜欢你跟我说话的方式。 考点提炼：way后接定语从句的用法 way作“方式，方法”讲，后接定语从句时有两种情况： (1)当way在后面的定语从句中做状语时，可用 I that/in which来引导从句，也可以省略。 (2)当way在后面的定语从句中做主语或宾语时，关系词用 that/which(做宾语时关系词可省略，做主语时关系词不可省略)。 eg：I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks about it.我不喜欢他谈论这件事的方式。(way在从句中做状语) You should treat your patients in the way that/ which suits them most你应该用最适合你的病人的方式来治疗他们。(way在从句中做主语) None of us likes the way( that/which)) he often uses to speak to us.我们都不喜欢他跟我们说话时使用的方式。(way在从句中做宾语) 例题训练： Have you ever tried to change the way you do something, after you've done it in a certain way for so long The way my cousin told me proved to be the best one to finish the work on time. The Smiths are praised for the way in they bring up the their children. He told the truth to the manager in a way surprised everyone present at the meeting. He's always lecturing me about the way _______________I dress. ⑥ The way ______________ he came up with is practical. Keys：①that ②that/ which ③which ④that/which ⑤that/ in which/ 省略 ⑥that/ which/ 省略 知识点7：show off 原文：Your friends may post a never-ending series of photos on line to show off their beautiful dresses or strong bodies.你的朋友可能无休止的在网上晒出自己美丽的衣服或健壮的体型的照片。（教材P53） show off 炫耀 例：Some people think the pursuit of fashion is only a way to show off wealth. 有些人认为追求时尚只是一种炫耀财富的方式。 【拓展延伸】常见的show短语还有： show oneself 露面 on show 展览着，在公开展出 show up 露面；露出；揭露 show … in 领入；领人 show off 炫耀；卖弄 in show 外表上；有名无实地 put on a show 假装给人家看；装病 例题训练： ①I had to stand in for her on Tuesday when she didn't ____________________. 星期二那天她没露面，我只好代替她。 ②Mr Morris was determined to __________________ family unity. 莫里斯先生决心摆出一副家庭团结的样子。 ③Now he is a leader ___________________. 现在他只是一个有名无实的领导人。 Keys:①show up ②put on a show of ③in show 知识点8：strength 原文：Focusing on your strengths also helps you build your confidence.关注自己的长处也能帮助你建立自信。（教材P54） strength n. 优势；力气，力量；实力 例：①Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength. 比尔正在进行大量的运动来增强自己的体力。 ②The ability to keep calm is one of her many strengths.能够保持冷静是她的多项长处之一。 ③Political power depends upon economic strength.政治权力取决于经济实力。 strong adj.强壮的 strengthen vt. 加强 weakness n点；虚弱 例：The exercises are designed to strengthen your stomach muscles这些活动目的在于增强你的腹部肌肉。 知识点9：talent 原文：Everyone has their own talents---…每个人都有自己的特长…。（教材P54） talent 天赋；天资；人才；天才 have a talent/ gift for 某方面有天赋 talent show 才艺表演会；业余演出比赛 talent pool 人才库 natural talent 天赋，自然禀赋 talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的 be talented / gifted in / at 对… 有天赋 例：①She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted. 她很有天资，能够心想事成。 ②She was proud that her daughter had so much talent. 女儿这么有天赋令她喜不自胜。 ③She is a talented musician as well as being a photographer. 她不但是个摄影师而且还是个天才的音乐家。 例题训练： ①From an early age she displayed a precocious _____________________ music. 她年纪轻轻就表现出不凡的音乐天赋。 ②We know that not every talented student needs to ___________________exactly the same way. 我们知道每个有才能的学生不需要都是从一个模子里刻出来的。 Keys：①talent for ②be talented in 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1.He has an extraordinary ____________ (talented) for painting and his works have been on display throughout the country. 2.The ____________ (achieve) of China is remarkable and acknowledged by the whole world. 3.I admire Yi Jiefang’s ____________ (strong) in overcoming such a great personal loss. 4.The ____________ (fashionable) differs from country to country and it reflects the cultural differences. 5.Keep the books in a place ____________ you can find them easily. 6.Unlike most actresses,the young ____________ (male) star prefers clothes to be simple but elegant. 7.I’m shocked—I can’t believe ____________ has happened. 8.As you can imagine, ____________ (get) burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 9.The book is too difficult for us students ____________ (understand). 10.At present,some necessary measures are being taken to guard ____________ food poisoning. 二、选词填空 hang over,guard against,fight a losing battle,live up to,end up,show off,take pride in,lose weight 1.He is very humble;he doesn’t like to __________________ his knowledge in public. 2.There is some evidence,scientists report,that eating garlic(大蒜) may __________________ cancers. 3.To my happiness, I __________________ and feel healthier and stronger than before. 4.If you don’t know what you want,you might __________________ getting something you don’t want. 5.Don’t look down upon yourself.You should __________________ your health and figure. 6.Those who fight against the truth __________________. 7.Actually,though we’ve done a lot to develop a low-carbon economy, it doesn’t __________________ our expectations. 8.Death has always __________________ the old man like a heavy cloud since he fell ill several years ago. 三、完成句子 1.这把扶手椅看起来很硬,但实际上坐上去很舒服。 The armchair looks rather hard,but in fact ____________________________________________. 2.我们青少年应该对自己的所作所为负责。 We teenagers should be responsible for ____________________________________________. 3.一起做饭给我们放松和了解彼此的机会。 ____________________________________________ to relax and know about each other. 4.我们最好定一个下星期练习说英语的日期。 We’d better fix a date ____________________________________________ next week. 5.他喜欢向人炫耀他法语讲得有多好。 ____________________________________________ how well he speaks French. 一、单句语法填空 1.talent 2.achievement 3.strength 4.fashion 5.where 6.female 7.what 8.getting 9.to understand 10.against 二、选词填空 1.show off 2.guard against 3.have lost weight 4.end up 5.take pride in 6.are fighting a losing battle 7.live up to 8.hung over 三、完成句子 1.it is comfortable to sit in 2.what we have done 3.Cooking together gives us a chance 4.when we will practice speaking English 5.He likes to show off 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Friendships can bring joy or sorrow. ____1____, we talked to researchers, authors, and therapists(治疗师) to learn how to manage the common relationship we all face. Broken promises(违背承诺) Friends are important for our physical and health but these relationships aren’t always smooth sailing. ____2____. And a major way this happens is through broken promises. Perhaps he canceled plans at the last minute or she refused to take part in an important party. ____3____, the first thing to do is remember that no one is perfect, says Jan Yager, PhD, friendship coach. ____4____ “Sometimes jealousy(妒忌) shows our deepest desires,” says Dr. Yager. “Healthy envy(嫉妒) can motivate you to become better and be inspired by your friend’s success,” she says. She points out that it could be the other way around as well: Your friends might be jealous of you. Feeling left out There’s no worse feeling than when you check Facebook Monday morning to find out that your friends went on a weekend getaway without you. Scott Christnelly, a therapist, says, “I encourage clients to express their feelings about it but also not to jump to conclusions.” Then find someone else to talk to-maybe a family member, or a close friend (not one who went on the trip)-to explain how you feel. ____5____. A. Experiencing envy B. Friend breakups can be just as painful as a romantic broke C. Since there’s no rule book on what to do when things get tense or go south D. But while it may be painful E. In fact, it’s common to experience some serious hurt from your friends F. Stopping to feel jealous of them G. Maybe through that conversation, you can brainstorm how you will respond 【答案】16. C 17. E 18. D 19. A 20. G 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何管理一段友谊，使友谊更加长久。 【16题详解】 根据空后的逗号可知，空处为从句。空后内容“we talked to researchers, authors, and therapists(治疗师)to learn how to manage the common relationship we all face.(我们采访了研究人员、作者和治疗师，学习如何管理我们都面临的共同关系。)”讲述的是采访了一些专业人士来学习管理友谊。选项C“Since there’s no rule book on what to do when things get tense or go south (因为当事情变得紧张或恶化时，并没有规定要怎么做)”形式上为原因状语从句，意义上解释了为什么要采访那些人的原因。故选C。 【17题详解】 根据空后“And a major way this happens is through broken promises.(发生这种情况的一个主要方式就是违背诺言。)”可知，空处需要提到“this”所指代的内容，且应该是违背诺言带来的后果。选项E“In fact, it’s common to experience some serious hurt from your friends(事实上，受到朋友的严重伤害是很正常的)”中提到的“experience some serious hurt from your friends”正是下文的this。故选E。 【18题详解】 根据空后的逗号可知，空处为从句。根据空后的“the first thing to do is remember that no one is perfect, says Jan Yager, PhD, friendship coach.(要记住没有人是完美的，友谊教练Jan Yager博士说。)”可知，空处提到的应该是不好的事情发生的时候，我们应该记住人无完人。选项D“But while it may be painful(虽然它可能是痛苦的)”形式上为让步状语从句，内容上也与下文一致。故选D。 【19题详解】 空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文““Sometimes jealousy(妒忌)shows our deepest desires,” says Dr. Yager. “Healthy envy(嫉妒)can motivate you to become better and be inspired by your friend’s success,” she says.( Yager博士说:“有时候嫉妒显示了我们内心深处的欲望。”她说:“健康的嫉妒可以激励你变得更好，并从你朋友的成功中受到鼓舞。”)”可知，本段讲述的是嫉妒在一段关系中的必要性。选项A“Experiencing envy(经历嫉妒)”与下文内容一致。故选A。 【20题详解】 根据空前“Then find someone else to talk to-maybe a family member, or a close friend (not one who went on the trip)-to explain how you feel.(然后找其他人倾诉——可能是家人，或者是亲密的朋友（不是去旅行的人）——解释你的感受。)”讲述的是当发现朋友们去度假而没有带上你时，要找人倾述内心的感受。选项G“Maybe through that conversation, you can brainstorm how you will respond(也许通过这次谈话，你可以想出一下如何应对)”中的“that conversation”指的正是上文的“talk”，内容上是上文的延续，解释了找人倾述的好处。故选G。 二、完形填空 Wilson, 55, of Westchester County, New York, donated one of his kidneys (肾) two years ago. As a cyclist, Wilson was determined to ____1____ that the operation didn’t change his lifestyle. ____2____, earlier this year, he climbed to the top of Mt. Kilimanjaro. He was ____3____ to sign up to become a non-directed (非定向) kidney donor after seeing a friend’s post on Facebook. The friend had written that his teenage daughter had recently received a life-saving kidney donation from a ____4____. When he got home, he started ____5____ kidney donations on the Internet. He didn’t know anyone who needed a ____6____, but he did find out about non-directed transplants (移植). ____7____, Wilson told his wife about his idea to become a non-directed donor, and she was totally supportive. Wilson began taking the ____8____ to become a kidney donor, including numerous tests and ____9____ physical and psychological evaluations. Wilson’s _____10_____ was an even more advanced, minimally invasive (微创) one called a single-port surgery. Doctors _____11_____ Wilson’s kidney using an incision (切口) made in his bellybutton. After about two weeks, he was back on his indoor bike, training _____12_____. As a _____13_____ of a living thing, Wilson said the most important thing he wants people to know is that when someone donates a kidney, life really doesn’t _____14_____ at all. “If you can make an impact during your time there, it’s a wonderful thing,” Wilson said. “But the planet is a _____15_____ place, so it was a way for a small individual to make an impact on just one person.” 1. A. predict B. possess C. prove D. pray 2. A. However B. So C. But D. Or 3. A. adopted B. persuaded C. exposed D. inspired 4. A. stranger B. doctor C. nurse D. relative 5. A. giving B. researching C. calculating D. evaluating 6. A. mission B. sample C. kidney D. computer 7. A. Eventually B. Extensively C. Gradually D. Constantly 8. A. liberty B. chances C. lead D. steps 9. A. splendid B. thorough C. unique D. permanent 10. A. operation B. donation C. test D. transplant 11. A. repaired B. protected C. removed D. checked 12. A. violently B. hardly C. lightly D. professionally 13. A. donor B. seeker C. researcher D. seller 14. A. ease B. change C. exist D. disappear 15. A. beautiful B. mysterious C. competitive D. big 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. C 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位来自纽约州韦斯特切斯特县55岁的自行车手威尔逊捐赠了一个肾脏，并且证明这次手术并没有改变他的生活方式的故事。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名自行车手，威尔逊决心证明这次手术并没有改变他的生活方式。A. predict预测；B. possess拥有；C. prove证明；D. pray祈祷。根据下文“he wants people to know is that when someone donates a kidney, life really doesn’t ____14____ at all.”可知，他想要人们知道“当一个人捐献肾脏时，生活真的一点也没有改变。”“证明”最符合句意。故选C项。 【22题详解】 考查连词/副词词义辨析。句意：因此，今年早些时候，他爬上了乞力马扎罗山顶。A. However然而；B. So所以；C. But但是；D. Or或。根据前后句的逻辑关系可知，“他爬上了乞力马扎罗山顶”是为了证明他的观点，因此后句是“结果”，So最符合句意，故选B项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Facebook上看到一位朋友的帖子后，他受到鼓舞，注册成为一名非定向肾脏捐献者。A. adopted采用；B. persuaded说服；C. exposed暴露；D. inspired鼓舞。根据上文“after seeing a friend’s post on Facebook”可知，他看了帖子后成为一名非定向肾脏捐献者，应是受到了帖子的鼓舞。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位朋友写道，他十几岁的女儿最近收到一位陌生人捐赠的挽救生命的肾脏。A. stranger陌生人；B. doctor医生；C. nurse护士；D. relative亲戚。根据上文的“non-directed (非定向) kidney donor”可知，捐赠者是非定向的，故他们不知道捐赠者是谁，因此是陌生人。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，他开始在互联网上研究肾脏捐赠。A. giving给予；B. researching研究；C. calculating计算；D. evaluating评价。根据下文“on the Internet”可知，他开始上网去搜索，是为了去研究。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他不认识任何需要肾脏的人，但他确实发现了非定向移植。A. mission任务；B. sample 样品；C. kidney肾脏；D. computer计算机。根据上文“donated one of his kidneys”可知，他捐赠的是肾，故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最后，威尔逊告诉妻子，他想成为一名非定向捐献者，她完全支持。A. Eventually最终 ；B. Extensively广泛地；C. Gradually逐渐地 ；D. Constantly不断地。根据上文“seeing a friend’s post on Facebook”、“sign up to become a non-directed (非定向) kidney donor”和“he started researching”可知，有以上的一些的经历之后，最后他决定告诉妻子。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊开始经过一系列步骤成为一名肾脏捐献者，包括多次测试和全面的身体和心理评估。A. liberty自由；B. chances机会；C. lead导线；D. steps步骤。根据下文“including numerous tests and ____9____ physical and psychological evaluations.”可知，他开始一步一步做这件事，包括多次测试、心理评估等。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊开始经过一系列步骤成为一名肾脏捐献者，包括多次测试和全面的身体和心理评估。A. splendid精彩的；B. thorough全面的；C. unique独特的；D. permanent永久的。根据上文和句意可知，他要成为一名肾脏捐赠者，所以需要全面的身体检查。故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊的手术是一种更先进的微创手术，其中一个叫单孔手术。A. operation手术；B. donation捐赠；C. test试验；D. transplant移植。根据后文“minimally invasive (微创) one called a single-port surgery”可知，此处描述的是“手术”，operation是surgery的同义词，故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生们在威尔逊的肚脐上切开，取出了他的肾脏。A. repaired修理；B. protected保护；C. removed取出；D. checked检查。根据上文“Wilson’s operation was an even more advanced, minimally invasive one called a single-port surgery.”可知，他进行时肾脏移植手术，故需从先从他体内取出肾脏。故选C项。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：大约两周后，他回到室内自行车上，进行了轻松的训练。A. violently剧烈地；B. hardly几乎没有；C. lightly轻微地；D. professionally专业地。根据上文“Doctors removed Wilson’s kidney using an incision made in his bellybutton.”可知，他已经进行了手术，所以两周后只能做轻微的运动。故选C项。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊说，作为活体捐献者，他想让人们知道最重要的事情是，当一个人捐献肾脏时，生活真的一点也没有改变。A. donor捐赠者；B. seeker搜寻者；C. researcher 研究员；D. seller卖家。根据上文“Wilson, 55, of Westchester County, New York, donated one of his kidneys (肾) two years ago.”可知，他是一个捐赠者。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔逊说，作为活体捐献者，他想让人们知道的最重要的事情是，当有人捐献肾脏时，生命真的一点也没有改变。A. ease放松；B. change更改；C. exist存在；D. disappear消失。根据上文“As a cyclist, Wilson was determined to prove that the operation didn’t change his lifestyle.”可知，他想证明“手术没有改变他的生活”，故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地球是一个大地方，所以这是一个小个体对一个人产生影响的方式。A. beautiful漂亮的；B. mysterious神秘的；C. competitive有竞争力的；D. big大的。根据下文“it was a way for a small individual”可知，small跟上文形成对比，故选D项。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China has countless attractions. The Great Wall is ____1____ (probable) one that is most familiar ____2____ the Western tourists. The Great Wall is like a giant stone dragon, ____3____ (wind) across the country from the ocean on the east to the desert on the west. It is the longest wall that ____4____ (build) ever, 1,500 miles in ____5____ (long). Along the wall are watch towers, ____6____ soldiers were on the watch for threats. The wall was initially constructed ____7____ (prevent) invasion of neighbouring states, and the majority of the existing wall is from the Ming Dynasty. From the top of the Great Wall, people can enjoy an impressive view of ____8____ (continue) mountains, green trees and blooming wild flowers. If we were to build such a wall now, we would use modern machines. ____9____, the ancient Chinese had to build the wall by hand. The reason why the Great Wall attracts tourists from all over the world every year is _____10_____ it represents the highest wisdom of ancient China. Just as the saying goes, “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” 【答案】36. probably 37. to 38. winding 39. has been built 40. length 41. where 42. to prevent 43. continuous 44. However 45. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍为西方游客所青睐的中国长城及谚语“不到长城非好汉”。 【36题详解】 考查副词。句意：长城可能是西方游客最熟悉的景点之一。空格处修饰句子，应用副词。故填probably。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：长城可能是西方游客最熟悉的景点之一。固定搭配sth be familiar to... “某物为……所熟悉”，to是介词。故填to。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：长城就像一条巨大的石龙，从东边的海洋到西边的沙漠，蜿蜒穿过这个国家。wind与a giant stone dragon是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动，作伴随状语。故填winding。 【39题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙，有1500英里长。根据语境可知，此处是指到现在为止是最长的城墙。“ever”常用于现在完成时，且wall与动词build是逻辑动宾关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been buit。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：这是迄今为止建造的最长的城墙，有1500英里长。根据句意可知，此处是指在长度上，英语中常用“介词in+名词”构成形容词，表示长度。因此空格处要用名词形式。故填length。 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：沿着城墙有瞭望塔，士兵们在那里防范危险。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是watch towers，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【42题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：长城最初是为了防止邻国的入侵而修建的，现存的长城大部分是明朝修建的。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处在句中作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to prevent。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：从长城的顶端，人们可以欣赏到连绵的山，绿色的树和盛开的野花的令人印象深刻的景色。此处修饰名词mountains，应用形容词，作定语。故填continuous。 【44题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果我们现在建这样一道城墙，我们将用现代机器。然而，古代的人必须用手工建墙。根据句意可知，前后句意存在转折关系，且有逗号隔开，应用转折副词however，首字母大写。However。 【45题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：长城之所以每年都吸引着来自世界各地的游客，是因为它代表了中国古代最高的智慧。此处引导表语从句，从句句意完整、成分齐全，应用只起连接作用、无实意的that引导。故填that。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上期中-无锡天一中学22-23 一、阅读理解 A Hand gestures (手势) have been commonly used in our daily communication. They add to the message by filling in what words sometimes leave behind. But are you somewhat aware of the history that goes behind some of these popular hand gestures ◆Handshake Whether you’re greeting someone for the first time, or successfully negotiating (商定) an agreement, shaking hands is usually the go-to gesture. Who decided on this customary gesture, anyway The history of the handshake dates back to ancient Greece, showing that neither person was carrying a weapon. ◆Thumbs up and thumbs down Maybe you’re familiar with the popular story of this hand gesture dating back to Roman times. When a gladiator (角斗士) lost, the crowd would either stick their thumbs out to have him killed or just not make any sign at all. The thumbs up decided the gladiator’s fate (命运) . After WWII, thumbs up only came to mean that things were going smoothly. And thumbs down meant the opposite. ◆High five According to some sources, the high five first became popular when baseball players performed at Dodger Stadium on October 2, 1977. Glenn Burke, one of the capable players, lifted his am high above his head and slapped palms with his teammate Dusty Baker to celebrate a milestone home run, marking what is widely regarded as the first recorded example of a high five. ◆The fist bump The fist bump comes from boxers in the 1970s after people began imitating how they touched gloves before a competition. Later, instead of shaking hands, first bumps became popular among basketball players. The gesture soon spread to all basketball lovers, and, before long, to the President of the United States. 1. What did “thumbs up” mean to a gladiator in Roman times A. Being cheered. B. Being killed. C. Being appreciated. D. Being blamed. 2. Which gesture is in celebration of a home run A. B. C. D. 3. Which aspect do all the four gestures mention A. The history. B. The future. C. The power. D. The importance. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。手势在我们的日常交流中已经被广泛使用。它们通过补充单词有时遗漏的内容来补充信息。文章介绍了一些流行手势背后的历史。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据◆Thumbs up and thumbs down部分中的“When a gladiator (角斗士) lost, the crowd would either stick their thumbs out to have him killed or just not make any sign at all. The thumbs up decided the gladiator’s fate (命运). (当一个角斗士输了，观众们要么伸出大拇指想要杀死他，要么根本不做任何手势。竖起的大拇指决定了角斗士的命运)”可推知，“竖起大拇指”在罗马时代意味着角斗士被杀死。故选B。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据◆High five部分中的“Glenn Burke, one of the capable players, lifted his am high above his head and slapped palms with his teammate Dusty Baker to celebrate a milestone home run, marking what is widely regarded as the first recorded example of a high five. (格伦·伯克是一名有能力的球员，他把双手高举过头顶，与队友达斯迪·贝克拍掌庆祝一个里程碑式的全垒打，这被广泛认为是有记录的第一个击掌的例子)”可知，击掌是为了庆祝一个本垒打。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“But are you somewhat aware of the history that goes behind some of these popular hand gestures (但是你知道这些流行手势背后的历史吗？)”可知，这四个手势都有背后的历史故事。故选A。 B According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term “couch potato” first appeared in print in a December, 1979 edition of the Los Angeles Times. Since then, has become a familiar term for a person who spends a lot of time sitting, and little time exercising. Although there does not seem to be any particular reason why the term “couch potato” is used rather than “couch tomato” , a person may become a “couch potato” because living this way is said to make you round like a potato. The term is also said to have something to do with the high-calorie (卡路里) food like potato chips. People now would say “couch potato” whenever they talk about overweight and obesity (肥胖). Indeed, “couch potatoes” are believed to have heart disease risks, which can be avoided by regular exercise. It is true that technology and modern life in general make us sick, fat, lazy and physically/mentally soft. The more time people spend using technology, particularly televisions and computers, the less time they will spend being physically active. “Couch potato” kids are a particular concern. Media reports repeatedly claim that children today are fatter than their elder generations, but less athletically skilled, less interested in physical activities and more addicted (上瘾的) to “junk food” and technology such as televisions and computers. The message is clear: today’s children are fat because they are lazy and eat too much. Moreover, because technology is becoming more sophisticated (复杂的), children are less able to resist (抵抗，忍得住) technology’s attraction, and are more likely to spend more time using technology, less time doing physical activities and，therefore, more likely to be fat. 4. The first paragraph is mainly about ________. A. why “couch potato” is used as a term for a person B. when “couch potato” is used as a term for a person C. how “couch potato” is different from “couch tomato” D. what kind of person looks like a potato 5. The development of technology also makes us sick because ________ by using technology. A. we are more likely to have heart disease risks in modern life B. we spend less time doing exercise C. we needn’t do many things by ourselves any more D. we spend all our time watching TV and playing computer games 6. It’s kids’ ________ that people are particularly concerned about. A. food B. study C. health D. hobby 7. According to the passage，the author may suggest that ________. A. scientists should stop their technology research B. parents should take better care of their children C. kids should be stopped from using new technology D. people should spend less time using technology 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了“沙发土豆”这个概念，以及人们随着科技的发展变成了“沙发土豆”，从而逐渐的缺乏锻炼，影响身体健康的现象。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后两句“a person may become a “couch potato”because living this way is said to make you round like a potato. The term is also said to have something to do with the high-calorie (卡路里) food like potato chips.(一个人可能会变成“沙发土豆”，因为据说这样的生活方式会让你像土豆一样圆。据说这个词还和薯片等高热量食物有关)”可知，第一段主要是介绍了人们会被叫做“沙发土豆”的原因。故选A项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“It is true that technology and modern life in general make us sick, fat, lazy and physically/mentally soft. The more time people spend using technology, particularly televisions and computers, the less time they will spend being physically active.(的确，科技和现代生活总体上让我们生病、肥胖、懒惰和身心虚弱。人们使用科技产品，特别是电视和电脑的时间越多，花在身体活动上的时间就越少)”可知，科技的发展使人们生病的原因是因为人们花费了很多时间在电视，电脑上，而很少进行身体锻炼。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的一二句““Couch potato” kids are a particular concern. Media reports repeatedly claim that children today are fatter than their elder generations, but less athletically skilled, less interested in physical activities and more addicted (上瘾的) to “junk food” and technology such as televisions and computers.(“沙发土豆”类型的孩子尤其值得关注。媒体报道一再声称，现在的孩子比上一代人更胖，但运动技能更差，对体育活动更不感兴趣，更沉迷于“垃圾食品”和电视、电脑等科技产品)”可知，这里是说孩子们的身体健康更应该要引起关注。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文理解可知，整篇文章都在说随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖电视和电脑等而缺乏身体锻炼，成为一个“沙发土豆”，导致身体越来越差，尤其是孩子们也是这样。由此推知，作者的观点是希望大家能少依赖科技，远离电脑电视等，并且多加强锻炼。故选D项。 C As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 8. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 9. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 11. What is the text mainly about A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。 D Who was it on the top floor The lamp lit up a man’s face. Pip didn’t recognize it, but the expression showed that its owner was pleased to see Pip. Suddenly Pip knew who he was when he sat down in a chair near the fire! The convict in the churchyard years ago! “You helped me, Pip,” said the man. “I have never forgotten it.” Pip felt none for him, saying, “If you’ve come here to thank me, it isn’t necessary. You must understand... But you are tired. Would you like something to drink before you go ” “Thank you. I know, you are no longer what you used to be. It doesn’t hurt to ask how you managed to live such a life as a gentleman.” “I have a benefactor,” Pip replied, embarrassed. “Could I guess your income ” said the convict, smiling. “Is the first figure five ” Pip’s heart started to beat very fast. “And do you have a guardian whose name begins with the letter J ” Suddenly Pip understood why the man was there. He stood up and held the back of a chair. The man took Pip’s hands and kissed them. But Pip still remembered that this man was a criminal. “You’re like a son of me, Pip. I was working for you in Australia,” the man went on. “I’m happy you are spending my money.” Pip smiled and listened weakly. “It wasn’t easy for me to see you and stay with you here. I was sent away for life. If they find me back in London, they’ll hang me.” Feeling even worse and too confused, Pip just said, “You are tired. You need a good sleep. Good night.” After an hour or two, something started to become clear to Pip. Miss Havisham had no interest in his future or plans for him and Estella. She was using them to take her revenge on men! 12. What does the fifth paragraph imply A. Thanks to Pip came much too late to be accepted. B. Pip was excited enough to speak quite out of breath. C. The man didn’t know Pip was already a gentleman. D. Pip actually declared the visitor to be unwelcome. 13. What do we know about the man’s character in the passage A. He was affectionate. B. He was proud. C. He was disgusting. D. He was cruel. 14. What truth did Pip finally find out A. He once helped the man hidden on the top floor. B. The man was taken away from England for life. C. Not Havisham but the man was his benefactor. D. Once a convict, always a dangerous convict. 15. What might still puzzle Pip A. Where the man came from. B. How the man became a criminal. C. Who was the benefactor of him. D. What risk the man took to see him. 【答案】12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，是《远大前程》的节选，主要叙述的是Pip和囚犯的对话。 【12题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段的“Pip felt none for him, saying, “If you’ve come here to thank me, it isn’t necessary. You must understand... But you are tired.Would you like something to drink before you go (Pip对他没有任何感觉，他说：“如果你是来感谢我的，那就没有必要了。你必须明白……。 但是你累了。你走之前想喝点什么吗？”)”可知，第五段暗示了皮普实际上宣布客人不受欢迎。故选D。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第六段的“The man took Pip’s hands and kissed them.(那人握住皮普的手，吻了吻。)”可知，那个男人是充满深情的，故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“After an hour or two, something started to become clear to Pip. Miss Havisham had no interest in his future or plans for him and Estella. She was using them to take her revenge on men!(一两个小时后，Pip开始明白了一些事情。Havisham小姐对他的未来，对他和Estella的计划都不感兴趣。她是在利用他们来报复男人！)”和倒数第五段的“I’m happy you are spending my money.(我很高兴你花我的钱。)”可知，Pip最后发现的真相是他的恩人不是Havisham，而是那个男人，故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第五段的“I was working for you in Australia(我在澳大利亚为你工作)”可知，Pip知道那个人是从哪里来的；根据倒数第五段的“I’m happy you are spending my money.(我很高兴你花我的钱。)”可知，Pip知道谁是他的恩人；根据倒数第三段的“If they find me back in London, they’ll hang me.(如果他们发现我回到了伦敦，他们会绞死我的。)”可知，Pip知道那人为了见他冒了多大的风险，因此文章里没有提到的是这个人是如何成为罪犯的，也正是Pip仍然感到困惑的，故选B。 二、写作 假定你是李华，你的好朋友Peter是初三学生。在最近的一次来信中Peter提到因为书写不够美观、整洁，在多次英语考试中他的作文得分都不理想，这是他目前最大的困扰。请你给Peter回信并针对他的问题提出建议。内容包括： 1.理解和安慰； 2.你的建议。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I am really sorry to learn that you have been troubled by your poor handwriting, which causes you not to get good grades in your composition. I truly understand your situation and want to show you my concern. I have some suggestions for you. Firstly, why not improve your handwriting from now on As a saying goes, it is better late than never. Secondly, it is highly suggested that you should buy a copybook and imitate every word in the book. Finally, turn to your classmates or teachers who are good at handwriting for advice. I do hope my suggestions are of help to you. Yours sincerely Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给你的朋友Peter回封信安慰他，并给他在书写方面的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 困扰：be troubled by→be disturbed by 首先：firstly→first of all 提高：improve→enhance 擅长：be good at→have a good command of 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：I truly understand your situation and want to show you my concern. 拓展句：Truly understanding your situation, I want to show you my concern. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Secondly, it is highly suggested that you should buy a copybook and imitate every word in the book.（运用了that引导主语从句） 【高分句型2】Finally, turn to your classmates or teachers who are good at handwriting for advice.（运用了who引导定语从句）