Units 1-3 单元期中复习导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册
文档属性
| 名称 | Units 1-3 单元期中复习导学案-2025-2026学年高一英语牛津译林版必修第一册 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 87.4KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-05 11:49:01 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
年 级：高一 科 目：英语 内 容：高一上学期期中复习
【同步知识梳理】 U1 Back to school 词汇拓展 1. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地，可能地 2. challenge n. & vt.挑战；质疑→challenging adj.有挑战性的 3. advance n. 进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 4. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amaze vt.使惊讶→amazed adj.惊讶的 5. confidence n. 信心，信任；把握→confident adj.自信的 6. equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人(物)linking v. 与……相等vt.比得上→equally adv.平等地 7. balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→balanced adj.平衡的 8. responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→responsibility n. 责任 9. improve vt.& vi.改进，改善→improvement n. 改进 10. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议→propose vt.提议 11. professional adj.职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士→profession n. 职业，专业 12. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持→hostess n. 女主人，女主持人 13. tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的→toughly adv.艰难地；粗暴地 14. alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj.惊恐的→alarming adj.使人惊恐的 15. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠→contribute v. 捐献；贡献 16. fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n. 大笔的钱；时运；命运 17. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optional adj.可选择的 18. attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n. 有吸引力的事物 重点词组 1. lie in 存在于；在于 2. rise to能够处理 3. make a difference 起作用，有影响 4. make the most of充分利用，尽情享受 5. take advantage of 利用 6. last but not least最后但同样重要的 7. lead to通往；导致 8. as a result of由于 9. stick to 坚持，固守，维持 10. look forward to盼望，期待 11. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之 12. pay attention to 注意 e true 成为现实 14. in many ways 在很多方面 15. give up 放弃 16. sign up签字 17. put up张贴 18. get on well相处融洽 19. in the beginning在开始时 20. can’t wait for 迫不及待 重点句型 1. 表语提前引起的完全倒装 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们使用洋油的日子已经一去不复返了。 2. 动名词短语作主语 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 3. that引导的定语从句 The place that interested me most was the Children’s Palace.最使我感兴趣的是少年宫。 4. so...that 句型 They ran so fast that we can’t catch up with them.他们跑得太快了，我们赶不上。 写作：建议信 写作技巧 一般而言，建议信属于半开放式作文，大多数要求学生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。 合理安排建议信的内容结构 一般建议信采取三段式结构： 第一段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，也可以表明自己的写作意图。 第二段：这是主体段。围绕对方的困扰、烦恼、问题，用委婉的且准确地语言提出自己的建议和方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，语言要得体，不能泛泛而谈。 第三段：也就是结尾段。表达希望，希望自己的建议能够帮助到对方。 掌握建议信的写作特点 语气要诚恳、顾及对方的感受；建议的内容要具体，不能含糊其辞；可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意到各个建议之间的衔接。 常用素材： 首段常用的句型： I am writing to share some advice with you. I’m sorry that you have trouble in... You have asked me for my advice about.... 提出建议时常用的句型： I think it would be a good idea if.... In my opinion, it would be wise to... I suggest that you should... 结尾段常用的句型： I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions / advice / tips useful / helpful / practical. 建议信模板： Dear _________, You have asked me for my advice about___________（问题）, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following action: ___________（建议内容）. I hope you’ll find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail. Good luck to you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【例题】假如你是英语校报编辑李华。校报收到高一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题：朋友少，感觉孤独; 英语单词难记。请你写一封回信。 Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in senior high school. In your letter you said that____________________________________ Good luck with everything! Li Hua 【范文】 Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in secondary school. In your letter you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends. I think it is a good choice to join some clubs in our school. In this way, you can make more friends who share the same interest with you. Besides, you’d better be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. On the other hand, you found it difficult to remember English words. Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words in a practical way. In addition, if you can develop a habit of keeping an English diary every day, it will be easier for you to remember more words. I hope you will find these suggestions useful! Good luck with everything! Li Hua U2 Let’s talking teens 词汇拓展 1. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证 2. tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→tense adj.紧张的 3. anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦急地 4. anger n. 怒气，怒火→angry adj.生气的 5. calm vt.使平静，使镇静 adj.镇静的，沉着的→calmly adv.镇静地 6. normal adj.正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→normally adv.正常地 7. stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt.强调，着重→stressed adj.紧张的→stressful adj.令人紧张的 8. design vt.设计；制订 n. 设计；设计艺术→designer n. 设计师 9. performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→perform v. 表演，表现 10. press vt.&vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n. 压力 11. adventure n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→adventurous adj.勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的 12. eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的→eagerly adv.渴望地→eagerness n. 热切，渴望 13. secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的→security n. 安全 14. graduate vi.& vt.毕业 n. 毕业生→graduation n. 毕业 15. emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的；突然出现的 16. volunteer vi.& vt.自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的 17. response n. 回复；反应，响应→respond vi.回答；响应 重点词组 1. see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致 2. calm down平静，镇静，安静 3. from one’s point of view从某人的角度、观点出发 4. think sth.through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 5. back down承认错误，认输 6. deal with处理 7. take action采取行动 8. go through经历，遭受 9. turn out 结果是 10. refer to指的是，提及，涉及 11. be on sb.’s back about sth.缠磨，烦扰 12. draw sth.out of sth.提取，支取 13. leave...alone让……一个人待着 14. care about在乎，关心 15. protect...from...保护……免受…… 16. take down记下 17. give out 分发，散发；发出，放出(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽 18. depend upon/on 依靠；依赖 19. be proud of 为……感到自豪 20. graduate from毕业于…… 重点句型 1. wish 虚拟语气 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn Chinese.我希望你能抓住这个学习汉语的机会。 2. as if 引导的虚拟语气 It is very warm today.It seems as if it were spring already.今天天气很暖和。 好像已经是春天了。 3. 疑问词＋不定式 I don’t know what to do to cheer my friend up.我不知道该做些什么才能让我的朋友振作起来。 4. it作形式主语代替不定式 It is impossible for you to finish the difficult task in such a short time. 你不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。 写作：咨询信 咨询信通常包括三方面内容： 1.说明自己的计划或者目的，询问的原因 2.征询具体信息 3.期待回复并且表示感谢 【例题】假设你是苏华，上周创建了学校志愿者服务俱乐部，但成员不多。你决定发一封邮件给外教，咨询如何进行一些广告活动来招募俱乐部成员。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to learn about some details concerning Voluntary Service Club of our school（主题）which was set up last week（时间/地点） aimed to help develop our cooperative ability（目的）. To attract more students, I intend to organize some advertising activities. (招聘目的)Students who are healthy, open- minded and willing to help others are welcome to join our Voluntary Service Club.（招聘内容） They will be required to do voluntary work at weekends or during holidays. However, since I have little experience in such advertising activities, could you give me some advice （提出问题） I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Su Hua U3 Getting along with others 词汇拓展 1. original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→origin n. 起源 →originally adv.最初 2. recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→recovery n. 恢复 3. respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应→ response n. 回答；响应 4. judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员→judg(e)ment n. 判断 5. apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n. 道歉 6. behaviour n. 行为，举止，态度→behave vi.举止 7. suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 8. basis n. 基础；原因；基准→base vt.根据；以……为基础→basic adj.基本的 9. respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；重视→respectful adj.表示敬意的→respectable adj.体面的；值得尊敬的 10. efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n. 效率；效能 11. reflection n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映→reflect vi.反思；反射 12. comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n. 舒服；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的 13. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的 14. failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→fail vi.失败 15. recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 16. death n. 死，死亡；死亡状态→dead adj.死的→die vi.死亡 17. admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.令人敬佩的→admiration n. 钦佩；欣赏 重点词组 1. on the rocks(关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线 3. make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. at a loss不知所措，困惑 5. in the wrong有错，应承担责任 6. in any case无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on 依赖，依靠，指望 9. in person 亲自，亲身 10. through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 11. in one’s opinion在某人看来 12. get over克服；恢复常态 13. bring out使显现，使表现出 14. be meant to do sth.注定要做某事，应做某事 15. take on呈现，具有 16. lead to导致 17. take the place of 代替 18. put down 放下 19. generally speaking一般来说 20. result from起因于…… 重点句型 1. have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 I have difficulty in communicating with foreigners in English.我在用英语与外国人交流方面有困难。 2. whether...or...连接让步状语从句 Whether my parents agree with me or not，I am determined to be a volunteer. 不管我的父母是否同意，我都决心成为一名志愿者。 3. 动词不定式作表语 My plan is to buy a birthday gift for my mother and give it to her in person. 我的计划是给我妈妈买一份生日礼物，并且亲自送给她。 4. find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. I find it interesting to play with my little brother.我发现和我弟弟玩挺有趣的。 写作：邀请信 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长张华，你的美国朋友Chris就读于南京某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖．你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在南京举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛．请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）； （1）比赛的时间、地点； （2）邀请他的原因； （3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition Dear Chris， I have good news to tell you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July. Hearing that you once took part in a Robotics Skills Competition and won an award, I am going to invite you to our team to take part in the competition. I am sure that your involvement will not only help us in winning the award but also enhance the friendship between our two schools. I will send you our training plan with email, about which I wish to get your advice because you are more experienced than us. We sincerely hope that we can participate in the competition as team partners. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin 【精题精练精讲】 一、根据首字母填写单词 1. In 1967, Disney a____________ the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. 2. As green doesn’t match any natural hair or skin colour, actors can be easily s____________ from the background. 3. Director James Cameron spent six months looking at and r____________ plans of the Titanic in order to built a full-sized model. 4. Focusing on your s____________ also helps you build your confidence. 5. There were lots of o____________ including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s cooking! 6. It was the pub owner’s silver wedding anniversary and he gave all his r____________ customers a free drink. 7. The night school provides various courses d____________ to meet the needs of different ages. 8. My college roommate and I lost c____________ for years, so I have no idea how she’s doing now. 9. Can you keep me c____________ for a while I’ve felt so bored without anyone to talk to. 10. Sorry, guys, because we’re on a tight s____________, the coffee break has been canceled. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词 11. She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She told me she had trouble ____________ (集中精力) in class. 12. These ____________ (外在的) influences are always present, but there are certainly ways to deal with them. 13. What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay ____________ (精力充沛的) and fit. 14. But then he became angry and we had a big ____________ (争论). 15. First of all, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards ____________. (盲目地) 16. These ____________ (尴尬的，难对付的)questions made me embarrassed a lot. 17. Lats year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an ____________ (交换) student. 18. Everyone’s fingerprints are ____________ （独一无二的）. 19. In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a ____________ (志愿者)in Uzbekistan. 20. Due to the financial crisis, the company wanted to hire 20% fewer ____________ (毕业生)this year than last. 21. Misunderstanding among coworkers can lead to workplace ____________ (紧张关系). 22. I said hello to Jim, but he ____________ (没理会) me and carried on with his war game. 23. All children should be encouraged to realize their full ____________ (潜力). 24. Many young people go to big cities to ____________ (寻找) their fortune. 25. Some people go to ____________ (极端) to lose that extra weight before going to the beach. 三、完成句子 26. 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 Today, I’ll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film making you might not ____________ ____________ ____________. 27. 那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的青少年们正在打一场无望取胜的仗,因为这些标准对于大多数人来说是根本不可能达到的。 Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________, these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. 28. 我们强烈鼓励所有青少年遵循这些生活方式，因为健康生活是强身健体的最安全和最有效的方法。 We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to ____________ ____________ ____________. 29. 为了制作这个精致的模型，500名工人用了100 天的时间，更不用说内部还有成千上万的道具了。 It took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, ____________ ____________ ____________ the thousands of props inside. 30. 和真正的朋友在一起，我们可以尽情地分享我们的快乐和悲伤。 With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness ____________ ____________ ____________. 31. 在此，友谊有双重优势--幸福有 了更大的意义，而麻烦再分担之后减半。 Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness ____________ ____________ a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 32. 我如此生气以至于在学校里整天躲着她，并且我仍然不想回复她的任何线上信息。 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like ____________ ____________ any of her online messages. 33. 我今天的讲座，可能无法对所有的幕后工作者给予公正的评价。 My lecture today may not be able to ____________ ____________ ____________ all the work people have done behind the scenes. 34. 我迫不及待地要向你们描述高中生活是什么样的。 I ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ to you what senior high school life is like. 35. 作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高你的沟通和解决问题的能力。 As a senior high school student, you must ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ your communication and problem-solving. 36. 不过对你们当中心态积极的人来说，每一个挑战都蕴藏着机遇。 For those of you with a positive mind, opportunity ____________ ____________ each challenge. 37. 可能性无穷无尽，我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭。 The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to ____________ ____________ ____________ to your family. 38. 利用你的课堂，向老师和同学请教，善用学校的各种设施。 ____________ ____________ ____________ your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. 39. 你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友不同：要么是个头猛蹿，要么是远远落在其他人后面。 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different ____________ to your friends, ____________ ____________ in height or getting left far behind. 40. 当你和父母意见相左时，花点时间让自己冷静下来，尝试从他们的角度了解状况。 When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 41. 当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。 When I called her, she said she might not be able to ____________ ____________ to the cinema. 42. 或许她知道自己错了，想向你道歉。 Perhaps she knows she’s ____________ ____________ ____________ and wants to ____________. 43. 真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。 A real friend is someone ____________ support we can ____________ ____________. 44. 在接受挑战的时候，你们将有机会掌握大量的知识，并享受个人的成长。 When you ____________ ____________ the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 45. 我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、改变你们的社区、改变我们的国家。 I have confidence in your ability to ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ your family, to your community and to our country. 46. 最后但同样重要的是，要一直看到事情好的一面，即便身处困境，也永远不要失去希望。 Last but not least, always ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 47. 你是否觉得，你已无法在任何事情上与父母达成一致？ Do you feel that you just cannot ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ with your parents on anything 48. 你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, ____________ ____________ in height or getting left far behind. 49. 我们不用去城里从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。 We did not have to go downtown and ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Mama’s Bank Account. 50. 这种情况带来的压力让我难受死了，我不知道接下来该怎么办。 The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m ____________ ____________ ____________ what to do next. 51. 我发现自己被他欺骗之后，真的好伤心，我放弃了那份友谊。 When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and ____________ ____________ ____________ our friendship. 52. 通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 More often than not, close friendships will help ____________ ____________ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. 53. 与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。 With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness ____________ ____________ ____________. 四、用单词的适当形式完成句子 54. She made a quick physical ____________ (recover) and was back to work after several weeks. 55. Worried all the time, I was unable to keep ____________ (focus) for more than an hour at a time. 56. He received the award in ____________ (recognize) of his success over the past year. puters offer a much greater degree of ____________ (flexible) in the way work is organized. 58. I got into a heated ____________ (argue) with a friend when we were discussing a math problem. 1. adapted/dapted 【详解】考查动词。句意：1967年，迪斯尼把这本书改编成卡通电影，被广泛认为是一部经典。根据句意和首字母提示应填adapt“改编”作谓语，根据时间状语In 1967，用一般过去时，故填adapted。 2. separated/eparated 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于绿色与任何自然的头发或皮肤颜色都不匹配，因此很容易将演员与背景区分开来。根据句意和首字母提示，此处考查be separated from“与……分开”，故填separated。 3. revising/evising 【详解】考查动名词。句意：导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆花了六个月的时间查看和修改《泰坦尼克号》的计划，以便制作一个全尺寸模型。根据汉语提示，修改为revise，and是并列连词，并列成分的词形词性需一致。根据短语spend doing sth.可知，此处应填revise与look at一致，用动名词作宾语。故填revising。 4. strengths/trengths 【详解】考查名词。句意：关注自己的优势也能帮助你建立自信。根据句意和首字母提示应填strength，表示“优势”，用复数表示优点不止一个，故填strengths。 5. options/ptions 【详解】考查名词。句意：有很多选择，包括面包和黄油，鸡肉派和布丁，但我仍然想念我妈妈做的! 根据句意和首字母提示，此处说明有多种选择，应填option，由lots of修饰用复数，故填options。 6. regular/egular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那天是酒吧老板的银婚纪念日，他给了所有的老主顾一杯免费的酒。由“a free drink”可知，句子表示“那天是酒吧老板的银婚纪念日，他给了所有的老主顾一杯免费的酒”，空格处意为“常去某地的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词customers，由首字母提示r可知，是regular。故填regular。 7. designed/esigned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：夜校提供各种课程，是为满足不同年龄的需求而设计的。根据单词首字母和句意“设计”可知，此处应用动词design的过去分词作后置定语修饰名词courses，design和所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。故填designed。 8. contact/ontact 【详解】考查名词。句意：我和我的大学室友已经好几年不联系了，所以我不知道她现在怎么样了。结合后文句意可知，前文是想表达自己和大学室友没联系了，所以才会不知道她现在过得怎么样；固定短语lose contact意为“失去联系”，符合句意，且表示“联系”时不可数。故填contact。 9. company/ompany 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你能陪我一会儿吗？没有人可以说话，我感到很无聊。由“I’ve felt so bored without anyone to talk to”可知，句子表示“你能陪我一会儿吗？没有人可以说话，我感到很无聊”，由首字母提示c可知，此处是固定短语keep pany，意为“陪伴某人”，故填company。 10. schedule/chedule 【详解】考查名词。句意：大伙儿不好意思，我们日程安排比较紧凑，茶歇被取消了。空前有形容词tight“紧凑的”，故空处需要填名词；结合句意，“茶歇被取消”证明工作比较繁忙，表示“日程安排”为名词schedule，符合句意和首字母提示；且空前有冠词，所以名词需要用单数形式。故填schedule。 11. concentrating 【详解】考查动词。句意：她已经几个月没吃早饭了。她告诉我她在课堂上注意力不集中。根据中文提示可知，表示“集中精力”应用concentrate，为动词，且这里考查have trouble (in) doing sth. 表“做某事有困难”，该短语为固定搭配。故填concentrating。 12. external 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些外部影响总是存在的，但肯定有办法处理它们。根据汉语提示可知，external外在的，形容词作定语修饰名词 influences 。故填external。 13. energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，他们应该保持规律的工作时间，并进行大量的锻炼，以保持活力和健康。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词energetic“精力充沛的”，在句中作表语。故填energetic。 14. argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：但是那时他变得很生气，然后我们大吵了一架。分析句子结构以及空格前a big可知，空格处应该名词单数形式作宾语，根据所给汉语提示可知，应填argument。故填argument。 15. blindly 【详解】考查副词。句意：首先，要注意不要盲目地遵循流行的审美标准。空格处用副词修饰动词follow，“盲目地”的副词是blindly。故填blindly。 16. awkward/embarrassing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些尴尬的问题让我很尴尬。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，形容词awkward/embarrassing符合题意，作定语。故填awkward/embarrassing。 17. exchange 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国一所中学学习。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词exchange符合题意，作定语，修饰名词student，exchange student“交换生”。故填exchange。 18. unique 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是形容词unique“独一无二的”，该词作为句子表语，故填unique。 19. volunteer 【详解】考查名词。句意：20世纪90年代中期，汤姆·比斯尔作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教授英语。结合句子结构和汉语提示，名词volunteer符合题意，作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填volunteer。 20. graduates 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于金融危机，公司今年想要比去年少雇用20%的毕业生。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词graduate符合题意，被fewer修饰，应用其复数形式。故填graduates。 21. tension/tensions 【详解】考查名词。句意：同事之间的误解会导致工作场所的紧张。空格处用名词作宾语，“紧张关系”的名词是tension，可用单数也可用复数，故填tension/tensions。 22. ignored 【详解】考查时态。句意：我向吉姆打招呼，但他不理我，继续玩他的战争游戏。“没理会”是ignore，由said可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填ignored。 23. potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该鼓励所有的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力。根据汉语提示“潜力”，可知应填名词potential，作宾语，不可数。故填potential。 24. seek 【详解】考查动词。句意：许多年轻人到大城市去寻找发财的机会。表示“寻找”为seek，符合题意；空前有不定式to，故空处填动词原形。故填seek。 25. extremes/xtremes 【详解】考查名词。句意：有些人在去海滩前为了减掉多余的体重而走极端。空格处用名词作宾语，由首字母提示e可知，“极端”的名词是extreme，go to extremes是固定短语，意为“走极端”。故填extremes。 26. be familiar with 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中文提示可知，表示“熟悉的”可用be familiar with，为固定搭配，且might not后面应填动词原形。故填be familiar with。 27. fighting a losing battle 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。fight a losing battle为固定搭配，表示“打一场无望取胜的仗”。根据空格前are以及句意可知，本句应用现在进行时，且fight a losing battle和主语Teens的关系为主动，所以空格处应填fighting a losing battle。故填①fighting ②a ③losing ④battle。 28. get into shape 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。根据汉语提示“强身健体”可知短语为get into shape，此处不定式作后置定语，修饰way，作定语。故填get into shape。 29. not to mention 【详解】考查固定搭配。not to mention表示“更别提，更不用说”，分析句子结构以及句意可知，应填not to mention。故填①not ②to ③mention。 30. in full measure 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“最大限度地”可知短语为in full measure作状语。故填in full measure。 31. takes on 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。take on表示“承担，呈现，雇用”，take on a greater meaning 表示“有了更大的意义”，分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，应用一般现在时，且主语happiness为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，所以应填takes on。故填takes on。 32. responding to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。respond to为固定搭配表示“对……作出回复，对……作出回应”，feel like doing sth.为固定搭配表示“想要做某事”，根据空格前feel like以及句意可知，空格处 应填responding to。故填responding to。 33. do justice to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“给予公正的评价”，为动词短语do justice to；设空处前为be able to do sth有能力做某事，故设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填do justice to。 34. can’t wait to describe 【详解】考查情态动词和短语。迫不及待是“can’t wait to do”，根据后面的 is可知是一般现在时，用can，“描述”译为describe。故填can’t wait to describe。 35. make efforts to improve 【详解】考查动词和不定式。根据中英文提示，空处用make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，情态动词后接动词原形，improve“提高”，用不定式作目的状语，故填make efforts to improve。 36. lies in 【详解】考查动词短语。结合语境表示“每一个挑战都蕴藏着机遇”应用动词短语lie in，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为opportunity，谓语用三单形式。故填lies in。 37. make a difference 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文 提示可知，表示“改变”或者“有影响”可用动词短语make a difference，为固定搭配，与前面to构成不定式，在本句中作定语。故填make a difference。 38. Take advantage of 【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“利用”，是固定短语take advantage of，句子是祈使句，因此空格处动词用原形，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Take，advantage，of。 39. rate, shooting up 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“速度”可用rate，为可数名词，而这里应用单数形式；表示“个头猛蹿”应用动词短语shoot up，为固定短语，且由句意和后文getting left far behind可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填rate；shooting up。 40. from their point of view 【详解】考查介词短语。“从某人的角度”可用介词短语from one’s point of view表示，“他们的”用形容词性物主代词their。故填from their point of view。 41. make it 【详解】考查固定短语。结合语境表示“及时赶到，赶上”可知短语为make it to，且上文为短语be able to do sth.，应填动词原形。故填make it。 42. in the wrong, apologize 【详解】考查介词短语和动词。根据中文提示可知，表示“错了”可用in the wrong，为固定搭配，在本句中作表语；表示“道歉”应用apologize，为动词，与前面to构成不定式，在本句中作宾语。故填in the wrong；apologize。 43. whose, count on 【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。根据中文提示可知，表示“依靠”可用count on，为动词短语，在从句中作谓语，且分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为someone ，为人，在从句中作定语，修饰support，所以应用关系词whose。故填whose；count on。 44. rise to 【详解】考查短语。根据中英文提示可知，空处缺少“接受”的英文表达，根据主句时态用一般将来时，可知when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时，主语为you，第二人称，动词用原形。故填：①rise；②to。 45. make a difference to 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。空前为不定式to，后接动词原形。表示“改变、有影响”为短语make a difference to sth.，符合题干。故填make，a，difference，to。 46. look on the bright side 【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“看到事情好的一面”，是固定短语look on the bright side，句子是祈使句，用动词原形，故填①look，②on，③the，④bright，⑤side。 47. see eye to eye 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。根据句意，表示“与某人达成一致”为固定短语see eye to eye with stb.，符合题干；空前有情态动词cannot，故第一空需要填动词原形。故填see，eye，to，eye。 48. shooting up 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“猛蹿，迅速成长”，是固定短语shoot up，句中谓语是are developing，空格处用非谓语动词，you和shoot up之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填shooting，up。 49. draw money out of 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。结合句意可知，空处缺少“从……里取钱”。表示“取钱”为短语draw money，空处和and前的have to go down town并列，故应用动词原形的形式；表示“从……拿出”为短语out of。故填①draw，②money，③out，④of。 50. at a loss 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“不知所措，困惑”，是固定短语at a loss，故填at a loss。 51. let go of 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意“放弃”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“let go of…”，意为“放弃……，舍弃……”，根据句意和句中“was”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，“let”的过去式是“let”，故空格处应填“let go of”。故填let go of。 52. smooth out 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。“使……平滑”可知短语为smooth out，且空格前为短语help do sth.，省略了不定式，可知空处应填动词原形。故填smooth，out。 53. in full measure 【详解】考查介词短语。短语in full measure“最大程度地”，符合题意。故填①in②full③measure。 54. recovery 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的身体很快就恢复了，几周后就回去工作了。physical是形容词，修饰名词，recover的名词是recovery，意为“恢复”，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填recovery。 55. focused 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于一直担心，我无法一次集中精力超过一个小时。空处应填形容词作表语，focused“专注的”符合题意，keep focused“保持专注”。故填focused。 56. recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：他因过去一年的成功而获得这个奖项。根据设空前的介词可知，此处填名词作介词的宾语。recognize为动词，意为“认可”，其名词形式为recognition，故填recognition。 57. flexibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：计算机在组织工作的方式上提供了更大程度的灵活性。空处应填名词作宾语，flexibility“灵活性”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填flexibility。 58. argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我们在讨论一个数学问题时，我和一个朋友发生了激烈的争论。句子分析可知设空处在句中作宾语，所给词argue的名词argument“争论”符合句意。故填argument。 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. ____1____ It can case your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive(认知的)tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. ____2____ The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a l5-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. ____3____ On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load. ____4____ In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. ____5____ Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea. A. Nature influences us in many ways. B. The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes. C. A walk through nature does the opposite, though. D. They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking. E. After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort. F. The reason is that urban environments are more distracting. G. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches. 【答案】CGEBF 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在城市里散步和在公园里散步不一样并作研究讲述其原因。 【16题详解】设空句处位于段中，需关注前后逻辑关系和词汇对应。文中第一句“Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park”（在城市里散步和在公园里散步很不一样）提到城里散步不同于公园散步；紧接着阐明城里散步的研究结果“A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load.”（一项小型心理学研究表明，城市环境会放慢你的脚步，并可能增加你的精神负荷），那么接下来应是对在“自然中散步”的情况进行对比。C项：A walk through nature does the opposite. though.（而在大自然中漫步则恰恰相反）符合题意。故选C。 【17题详解】根据第二段第一句“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. ”（这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）可知设空处需要一个概括这个实验的句子，G项：The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.（该研究包括两个实验，采用两种不同的方法）符合题意。故选G。 【18题详解】根据此段对第一个实验的描述，特别是“to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed”（看着他们以自然的速度反复走下15米高的房间），以及空后句中的“people reported that they felt more uncomfortable”（ 人们报告说他们感觉更不舒服）可知，参与者被要求报告他们在两种环境下不舒适度的感受，E项：After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort.（在每个实验后参与者被要求评估他们的不适后）符合题意。故选E。 【19题详解】根据第一段段尾和第二段段首“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load.”（ 这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）对两个实验的提及，可以推断出这里讲的是第二个实验, 由此可知B项“第二种是深入研究一些更高层次的认知过程”符合题意，“higher-level cognitive”是解题的关键字眼, 和第一个实验形成递进关系，故选B。 【20题详解】上句“the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes”（研究小组发现了支持他们观点的结果。在城市环境中，参与者辨别简单形状的速度较慢）是对参与者在两种环境下散步产生差异性的分析，由此推知，空处可能陈述原因。F项：The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.（原因是城市环境更容易让人分心）分析了原因，故选F。 二、完型填空 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选择中，选出最佳选项。 A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils “Origami”, a Japanese art of ____1____ paper into different objects. My 7-year-old son had no ____2____ of my coming and that makes it ____3____for me. We were about to take the ____4____ when I got my first “starring moment”. “Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ” ____5____ these, my wife helped me with one of my crutches(拐杖). Little did I know that the first class she’s taking me to ____6____ to be my son’s. On opening the door, with no warning, and to the ____7____ of his classmates, came that unique but ____8____ scream “Daada!!!” and he practically ran out of his classroom to give me a bear hug. His mates couldn’t help staring with envy and ____9____! I sat down, made my introduction and gave ____10____ on paper-folding. They all clapped and ____11____ their thanks even as I made my way to the next class. I left that school feeling ____12____. What more do I want but to continually be ____13____ to God for everything My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can ____14____ any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually ____15____ of me! 1. A. recycling B. folding C. wrapping D. tearing 2. A. attempt B. responsibility C. honour D. knowledge 3. A. fantastic B. worrying C. changeable D. impressive 4. A. stairs B. objects C. chances D. classes 5. A. Tracking B. Answering C. Ignoring D. Watching 6. A. seemed B. used C. intended D. happened 7. A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. amazement D. embarrassment 8. A. angry B. familiar C. painful D. constant 9. A. admiration B. anxiety C. caution D. discrimination 10. A. conferences B. impressions C. arguments D. instructions 11. A. clarified B. expressed C. stressed D. controlled 12. A. disappointed B. concerned C. satisfied D. refreshed 13. A. grateful B. useful C. thoughtful D. helpful 14. A. take on B. care about C. apply for D. approve of 15. A. afraid B. certain C. ashamed D. proud 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者去儿子的班级折纸，赢得了儿子和班级同学的认可。同时，也对自己的能力和形象有了更加积极和正面的认知。 【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周前，我亲爱的妻子让我去我儿子的学校（她在那里教书）教学生们“折纸”，这是一种把纸折成不同物体的日本艺术。A.recycling回收利用；B.folding折叠；C.wrapping包，裹；D.tearing撕裂。根据倒数第二段的“I sat down, made my introduction and gave instruction on paper-folding.”中paper-folding“折纸”可知，空处为原词重现。故选B。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我7岁的儿子不知道我要来，这让我很担心。A.attempt尝试；B.responsibility责任；C.honour荣誉；D.knowledge知识，了解。have no knowledge of 为固定搭配，“不知情”。故选D。 【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我7岁的儿子不知道我要来，这让我很担心。A.fantastic极好的；B.worrying令人担忧的；C.changeable可改变的；D.impressive印象深刻的。根据第二段““Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ””可知，作者在儿子不知情的情况下去他学校，而且还拄着拐，所以很担忧。故选B。 【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正要走楼梯时，我迎来了我的第一个“主演时刻” 。A.stairs楼梯；B.objects物品；C.chances机会；D.classes班级。根据本段的第四句“How is he going to climb the stairs ”可知，作者需要走台阶了。故选A。 【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的妻子无视这些，用我的一根拐杖帮我。A.Tracking追踪；B.Answering回答；C.Ignoring忽略；D.Watching看。根据上文““Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ””可知，我脑海中有各种担忧，但是我妻子忽略了我的种种担忧。故选C。 【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道她带我去上的第一节课正好是我儿子的。 A.seemed似乎；B.used使用；C.intended打算；D.happened发生。固定搭配happen to do sth.“碰巧……”，再结合句意可知，她带我进去的班级碰巧是我儿子的班级。故选D。 【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：打开门的时候，没有任何警告，让他的同学们惊讶的是，那道独特而熟悉的尖叫“爸爸!!”，他几乎是跑出教室给了我一个熊抱。 A.satisfaction满意；B.disappointment失望；C.amazement惊讶；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据句意可知，儿子的行为，让全班都惊呆了。故选C。 【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：打开门的时候，没有任何警告，让他的同学们惊讶的是，那道独特而熟悉的尖叫“爸爸!!”，他几乎是跑出教室给了我一个熊抱。A.angry生气的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.painful痛苦的；D.constant连续不断的。儿子的声音对于爸爸来说应该是熟悉的。故选B。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的同学们不禁羡慕又钦佩地盯着看! A.admiration钦佩；B.anxiety焦虑；C.caution谨慎；D.discrimination歧视。根据句意及结合选项可知，能和空前envy并列的名词，应为admiration。故选A。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐下来，做了自我介绍，并指导他们如何折纸。A.conferences会议；B.impressions印象；C.arguments争论；D.instructions指导。根据句意及第一段“A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils“Origami”, a Japanese art of folding paper into different objects.”可知，我指导孩子们折纸。故选D。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走向下一个班级时，他们都鼓掌表示感谢。A.clarified阐明；B.expressed表达；C.stressed强调；D.controlled控制。根据句意可知，他们以鼓掌的方式表达他们的感激。故选B。 【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我离开了那所学校，心满意足。A.disappointed失望的；B.concerned担心的；C.satisfied满意的；D.refreshed精神振奋的，心旷神怡的。根据第二段“We were about to take the stairs when I got my first “starring moment”. “Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ” Ignoring these, my wife helped me with one of my crutches.”以及最后一段“What more do I want but to continually be grateful to God for everything My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can take on any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually proud of me!”可知，作者由刚进儿子学校时的担心因为儿子以自己为骄傲而产生了情绪的变化，感激上帝，所以作者的情绪应该是满意的。故选C。 【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了不断地为一切感谢上帝，我还想要什么呢 A.grateful感激的；B.useful有用的；C.thoughtful深思的；D.helpful有帮助的。根据本段后文“My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can take on any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually proud of me!”可知，作者对自己的生活感到满意，感谢上帝。故选A。 【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的妻子一直认为我身体健康，可以承担任何任务，现在我发现我7岁的儿子竟然为我感到骄傲! A.take on承担，呈现；B.care about担心；C.apply for申请；D.approve of支持。根据句意及第一段“A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils“Origami”, a Japanese art of folding paper into different objects.”可知，作者妻子并不在意自己的身体残疾，把自己当常人来看待。所以会让作者承担任何任务。 故选A。 【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的妻子一直认为我身体健康，可以承担任何任务，现在我发现我7岁的儿子竟然为我感到骄傲! A.afraid害怕的；B.certain确实；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.proud骄傲的。根据句意及第三段“On opening the door, with no warning, and to the amazement of his classmates, came that unique but familiar scream “Daada!!!” and he practically ran out of his classroom to give me a bear hug.”可知，我发现我儿子以我为傲。故选D。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One year ago, China rolled out the “double reduction” policy to ease the burden of excessive core-subjects homework and off-campus tutoring faced by middle and primary school students. The policy not only allows children more time to rest and play, but also allows them to obtain the nutrition ___1___ (need) for their all-around moral, intellectual and physical development. Positive changes ___2___ (take) pared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified ___3___ (choose) of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities, ___4___ opens up new horizons for them. To Yue Xinyu, ___5___ third-grader in central China’s Wuhan City, a notable change is that her primary school classes now finish ___6___ (early) in the afternoon than before. “After class, we can opt for ___7___ (vary) interest-oriented classes and workshops,” the eight-year-old student said. Football, basketball, opera classes and clay workshops, are available ___8___ lower graders, while senior primary students have more alternatives, including ___9___ (program) and dance. A dance lover herself, Yue is eager to join the school’s club ___10___ she becomes old enough. She now takes off-campus Latin dance lessons in her spare time. Gliding on the dance floor makes her feel relaxed and confident, she said. 【答案】36. needed 37. have taken 38. choices 39. which 40. a 41. earlier 42. various 43. to 44. programming 45. when 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“双减”政策推出后学生们的变化和感受。 【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅让孩子们有更多的时间休息和玩耍，而且让他们获得德、智、体全面发展所需的营养。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，因为need和nutrition之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词needed作后置定语表被动关系。故填needed。 【37题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。 【38题详解】考查名词。句意：与一年前相比，现在的学生有了更多独立、多样化的课外活动选择去探索，可以发展自己的兴趣和能力，这为他们打开了新的视野。根据空格前的形容词diversified可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式。故填choices。 【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：对中国中部城市武汉的三年级学生岳新宇来说，一个显著的变化是她的小学课程现在比以前提早结束了。分析句意可知，岳新宇是一名三年级学生，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个”符合语境。故填a。 【41题详解】考查比较级。句意：同上。根据下文的than可知，此处应该用提示词的比较级形式。故填earlier。 【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：这位8岁的学生说：“下课后，我们可以选择各种兴趣导向型课程和研讨会。”分析句式结构可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式作定语修饰名词classes。故填various。 【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：低年级学生可以参加足球、篮球、歌剧课和黏土工作坊，而高年级的小学生则有更多的选择，包括编程和舞蹈。分析句意再根据available可知，此处用介词to构成固定短语be available to表示“可得到的、可利用的”符合语境。故填to。 【44题详解】考查动名词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用名词programming表示“编程”符合语境。故填programming。 【45题详解】考查状语从句。句意：她本人也是一名舞蹈爱好者，她渴望在长大后加入学校的舞蹈俱乐部。结合句意再分析句式结构可知，此处用when来引导时间状语从句符合语境。故填when。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上期中-南通海安中学22-23 一、阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies (盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue (胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 1. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph l probably mean A. Benefit from. B. Be equal to. C. Depend on. D. Be fond of. 2. What is new about Weiss’ research A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 3. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51 A. They have a stable friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph A. More researchers will be involved in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社交明星虎鲸的建立快速友谊的能力。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯（Michael Weiss）与同事合作发射无人机研究虎鲸的友好身体接触。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一自然段“Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships.”（现在，科学家们又给这个清单增加了一种行为：建立快速友谊。）可知，科学家们对于虎鲸的社交能力又有一项新的发现——建立快速友谊。所以可推知下文“A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds.”（一项新的研究表明，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩和猕猴（猴子的一种）等动物，甚至人类rival，因为它们的“社交接触”表明它们之间有着牢固的联系。）是说虎鲸的建立快速友谊的能力可以与黑猩猩和猕猴等动物，甚至人类相匹敌。A. Benefit from.从……受益；B. Be equal to.与……相当；C. Depend on.依靠；D. Be fond of.喜爱。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales.”（但关于野生虎鲸的数据很少。这就是无人机技术的起源。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯（Michael Weiss）与同事合作发射无人驾驶飞机，在一群虎鲸上方30至120米处飞行。）可知，迈克尔·韦斯使用无人机进行研究，也就是说他的研究方法新颖。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says.”（以J49和J51这两个9岁和6岁的远亲年轻雄性虎鲸为例。韦斯说：“每次你看到一群虎鲸时，它们就在那里相互交流。”）可知，J49和J51有稳定的友谊。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.”（她说：“科学家们长期以来一直观察到动物的这种社会老龄化趋势，但仍有许多问题没有答案。”。这当然是研究人员关注的问题。Weiss说：“我们已经在用更先进的设备收集新数据。”）可知，研究人员将收集更多数据来研究虎鲸。故选C。 B Is it possible for the human heart to shrink (缩小) and if so, how does this change impact the human body Recently, scientists have discovered an unexpected similarity between long-distance swimming and spending a long duration of tire in space—both can cause the human heart to shrink over time! These findings were based on the experiences of astronaut Scott Belly, who spent 340 days in space in 2015, and Benoit Lecomte, an athlete who in 2018 swam 1,753 miles (about 2,821 km) across the Pacific Ocean in 159 days. The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta (主动脉), the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body. As a result, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size. The study was conducted by Benjamin Levine, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas South western Medical Center. He noted that the shrinkage was seen despite the fact that Scott Belly exercised every day. Activities such as long-distance swimming can cause the heart to change similarly. Lecomte spent 5.8 hours swimming every day and then another hours sleeping; therefore, he spent more time in a horizontal (水平的) position than upright. This reduced the force of gravity acting on his body. Fortunately, while the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both men. And in both cases, the heart regained its original mass and size after a return to normal daily lives, This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s. Professor Levine is working with NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-formation by following ten more astronauts’ year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space. 5. What do Belly and Lecomte have in common A. Their hearts once became smaller than before. B. Their hearts are stronger than common people. C. Their hearts may never return to normal. D. Their hearts may have to work harder. 6. What causes the change of the heart in space A. The lack of exercise B. The lack of gravity. C. The sleeping position. D. The psychological pressure. 7. What can we know from the last paragraph A. The limitation of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The details of the study. D. The application of the study. 8. Which can be the best title for the text A. Can astronauts avoid the effect of gravity B. Can athlete have a stronger heart C. Can the human heart reduce in size D. Can the human heart function well in space 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了人的心脏在长期缺乏重力的情况下会变小的一项研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Fortunately, while the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both men.(幸运的是，虽然贝利和勒孔特的心脏确实变小了，但他们的心脏依然强大，继续正常运转。)”可知，Belly和Lecomte的心脏都变得比之前更小了。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta (主动脉), the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body. As a result, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size. (在太空中没有重力意味着心脏不需要那么费力地将血液泵入主动脉，主动脉是向我们身体各个部位提供氧气的最大血管。结果，心脏失去了肌肉量，导致心脏变小。)”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心脏会产生变化，会变得更小。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。通读最后一段“This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s. Professor Levine is working with NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-formation by following ten more astronauts’ year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space.(这项研究至关重要，因为美国宇航局准备在21世纪30年代将宇航员送上火星。莱文教授正在与美国宇航局合作一个名为cypher的项目，该项目希望通过跟踪10多名宇航员长达一年的太空旅行，以及对较短时间的太空旅行进行研究，来收集更多的信息。)”可知，从最后一段我们能知道这个研究的应用。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Is it possible for the human heart to shrink (缩小) and if so, how does this change impact the human body (人类的心脏有可能收缩吗？如果有的话，这种变化对人体有什么影响？)”可知，本文主要介绍了“人类的心脏能变小吗”这一问题。故选C。 二、写作 假如你是李华，在今天的外教阅读课上，你做数学作业被外教老师John发现，没收了你的作业。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： l、表示歉意； 2、说明原因； 3、希望他谅解并作出保证。 Dear John, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John, I sincerely apologize for doing math homework in your class today. I would appreciate it if you can forgive me. Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. However, I did so because my mother happened to fall ill yesterday and I had to send her to hospital and look after her by myself, for my father is working. Doing irrelevant things in class is not acceptable to any teacher. I swear it will never happen again. Will you please be so kind as to give it back to me Thanks a lot! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教老师John写一封道歉信，表达自己的歉意、说明原因、做出保证下次不再犯，并希望他谅解。 【详解】1.词汇积累 原谅：forgive → make allowances for 毫无意义的：meaningless → pointless/worthless/empty/hollow 生病：fall ill → get sick 无关的：irrelevant → unrelated/unfitting/inappropriate 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. 拓展句：There is no excuse can be acceptable for having been caught doing other things in your class. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I would appreciate it if you can forgive me.（运用了it做形式宾语） 【高分句型2】Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless.（运用了现在分词的完成式作状语）
【同步知识梳理】 U1 Back to school 词汇拓展 1. potential n. 潜力；可能性 adj.潜在的，可能的→potentially adv.潜在地，可能地 2. challenge n. & vt.挑战；质疑→challenging adj.有挑战性的 3. advance n. 进步，进展；前进，行进 vt.& vi.发展，进步→advanced adj.先进的，高级的 4. amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，令人惊喜的→amaze vt.使惊讶→amazed adj.惊讶的 5. confidence n. 信心，信任；把握→confident adj.自信的 6. equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的n.同等的人(物)linking v. 与……相等vt.比得上→equally adv.平等地 7. balance vt.同等重视；(使)保持平衡；权衡重要性 n. 均衡，平衡；平衡能力→balanced adj.平衡的 8. responsible adj.有责任，负责；可靠的→responsibility n. 责任 9. improve vt.& vi.改进，改善→improvement n. 改进 10. proposal n. 提议，建议，动议→propose vt.提议 11. professional adj.职业的，专业的；有职业的；娴熟的，精通业务的 n. 专门人员，专业人士→profession n. 职业，专业 12. host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 vt.主办；主持→hostess n. 女主人，女主持人 13. tough adj.艰难的；严厉的；坚强的；坚固的→toughly adv.艰难地；粗暴地 14. alarm n. 闹钟；恐慌；警报；警报器 vt.使惊恐，使害怕→alarmed adj.惊恐的→alarming adj.使人惊恐的 15. contribution n. 贡献；捐款；捐赠→contribute v. 捐献；贡献 16. fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n. 大笔的钱；时运；命运 17. option n. 可选择的事物，选择；选修课→optional adj.可选择的 18. attract vt.吸引，使喜爱；招引；引起(反应)→attractive adj.吸引人的→attraction n. 有吸引力的事物 重点词组 1. lie in 存在于；在于 2. rise to能够处理 3. make a difference 起作用，有影响 4. make the most of充分利用，尽情享受 5. take advantage of 利用 6. last but not least最后但同样重要的 7. lead to通往；导致 8. as a result of由于 9. stick to 坚持，固守，维持 10. look forward to盼望，期待 11. over time 随着时间流逝，久而久之 12. pay attention to 注意 e true 成为现实 14. in many ways 在很多方面 15. give up 放弃 16. sign up签字 17. put up张贴 18. get on well相处融洽 19. in the beginning在开始时 20. can’t wait for 迫不及待 重点句型 1. 表语提前引起的完全倒装 Gone are the days when we used foreign oil.我们使用洋油的日子已经一去不复返了。 2. 动名词短语作主语 Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good.早晨大声朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。 3. that引导的定语从句 The place that interested me most was the Children’s Palace.最使我感兴趣的是少年宫。 4. so...that 句型 They ran so fast that we can’t catch up with them.他们跑得太快了，我们赶不上。 写作：建议信 写作技巧 一般而言，建议信属于半开放式作文，大多数要求学生根据所给的材料给出有针对性的解决办法或者提出合理的建议，材料多为征求建议的信件。 合理安排建议信的内容结构 一般建议信采取三段式结构： 第一段：针对对方对自己的信任简单表示感谢，也可以表明自己的写作意图。 第二段：这是主体段。围绕对方的困扰、烦恼、问题，用委婉的且准确地语言提出自己的建议和方法。注意要充分考虑到对方的实际问题，语言要得体，不能泛泛而谈。 第三段：也就是结尾段。表达希望，希望自己的建议能够帮助到对方。 掌握建议信的写作特点 语气要诚恳、顾及对方的感受；建议的内容要具体，不能含糊其辞；可提供的建议通常是多个，因此要注意到各个建议之间的衔接。 常用素材： 首段常用的句型： I am writing to share some advice with you. I’m sorry that you have trouble in... You have asked me for my advice about.... 提出建议时常用的句型： I think it would be a good idea if.... In my opinion, it would be wise to... I suggest that you should... 结尾段常用的句型： I hope you will find these proposals/ suggestions / advice / tips useful / helpful / practical. 建议信模板： Dear _________, You have asked me for my advice about___________（问题）, and I will try to make some conductive suggestions here. In my opinion, it would be wise of you to take the following action: ___________（建议内容）. I hope you’ll find these proposals useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in more detail. Good luck to you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【例题】假如你是英语校报编辑李华。校报收到高一新生Ben的来信，他提出了所面临的两个问题：朋友少，感觉孤独; 英语单词难记。请你写一封回信。 Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in senior high school. In your letter you said that____________________________________ Good luck with everything! Li Hua 【范文】 Dear Ben, I am sorry to hear that you are having trouble getting used to life in secondary school. In your letter you said that you always felt lonely because of having few friends. I think it is a good choice to join some clubs in our school. In this way, you can make more friends who share the same interest with you. Besides, you’d better be friendly to others. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return. On the other hand, you found it difficult to remember English words. Reading more English stories and news can help you learn English words in a practical way. In addition, if you can develop a habit of keeping an English diary every day, it will be easier for you to remember more words. I hope you will find these suggestions useful! Good luck with everything! Li Hua U2 Let’s talking teens 词汇拓展 1. argument n. 争吵，争论；论点→argue vi.争吵，争辩，争论 vt.说理，论证 2. tension n. 紧张关系；紧张；拉伸→tense adj.紧张的 3. anxious adj.忧虑的，担心的；令人焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously adv.焦急地 4. anger n. 怒气，怒火→angry adj.生气的 5. calm vt.使平静，使镇静 adj.镇静的，沉着的→calmly adv.镇静地 6. normal adj.正常的，一般的 n. 常态，通常标准→normally adv.正常地 7. stress n. 精神压力，紧张；强调 vt.强调，着重→stressed adj.紧张的→stressful adj.令人紧张的 8. design vt.设计；制订 n. 设计；设计艺术→designer n. 设计师 9. performance n. 表现；表演；执行，履行→perform v. 表演，表现 10. press vt.&vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n. 报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n. 压力 11. adventure n. 冒险，冒险经历，奇遇→adventurous adj.勇于冒险的；新奇的；惊险的 12. eager adj.热切的，渴望的，渴求的→eagerly adv.渴望地→eagerness n. 热切，渴望 13. secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的→security n. 安全 14. graduate vi.& vt.毕业 n. 毕业生→graduation n. 毕业 15. emergency n. 突发事件，紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的；突然出现的 16. volunteer vi.& vt.自愿做，义务做 n. 志愿者→voluntary adj.志愿的 17. response n. 回复；反应，响应→respond vi.回答；响应 重点词组 1. see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致 2. calm down平静，镇静，安静 3. from one’s point of view从某人的角度、观点出发 4. think sth.through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 5. back down承认错误，认输 6. deal with处理 7. take action采取行动 8. go through经历，遭受 9. turn out 结果是 10. refer to指的是，提及，涉及 11. be on sb.’s back about sth.缠磨，烦扰 12. draw sth.out of sth.提取，支取 13. leave...alone让……一个人待着 14. care about在乎，关心 15. protect...from...保护……免受…… 16. take down记下 17. give out 分发，散发；发出，放出(声、光、热等)；用完，耗尽 18. depend upon/on 依靠；依赖 19. be proud of 为……感到自豪 20. graduate from毕业于…… 重点句型 1. wish 虚拟语气 I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn Chinese.我希望你能抓住这个学习汉语的机会。 2. as if 引导的虚拟语气 It is very warm today.It seems as if it were spring already.今天天气很暖和。 好像已经是春天了。 3. 疑问词＋不定式 I don’t know what to do to cheer my friend up.我不知道该做些什么才能让我的朋友振作起来。 4. it作形式主语代替不定式 It is impossible for you to finish the difficult task in such a short time. 你不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。 写作：咨询信 咨询信通常包括三方面内容： 1.说明自己的计划或者目的，询问的原因 2.征询具体信息 3.期待回复并且表示感谢 【例题】假设你是苏华，上周创建了学校志愿者服务俱乐部，但成员不多。你决定发一封邮件给外教，咨询如何进行一些广告活动来招募俱乐部成员。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to learn about some details concerning Voluntary Service Club of our school（主题）which was set up last week（时间/地点） aimed to help develop our cooperative ability（目的）. To attract more students, I intend to organize some advertising activities. (招聘目的)Students who are healthy, open- minded and willing to help others are welcome to join our Voluntary Service Club.（招聘内容） They will be required to do voluntary work at weekends or during holidays. However, since I have little experience in such advertising activities, could you give me some advice （提出问题） I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Su Hua U3 Getting along with others 词汇拓展 1. original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→origin n. 起源 →originally adv.最初 2. recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→recovery n. 恢复 3. respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应→ response n. 回答；响应 4. judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员→judg(e)ment n. 判断 5. apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→apology n. 道歉 6. behaviour n. 行为，举止，态度→behave vi.举止 7. suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→suffering n. 痛苦，苦难 8. basis n. 基础；原因；基准→base vt.根据；以……为基础→basic adj.基本的 9. respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；重视→respectful adj.表示敬意的→respectable adj.体面的；值得尊敬的 10. efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→efficiency n. 效率；效能 11. reflection n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映→reflect vi.反思；反射 12. comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n. 舒服；安慰→comfortable adj.舒服的 13. benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→beneficial adj.有益的 14. failure n. 失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→fail vi.失败 15. recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→recognition n. 认出；认可；承认 16. death n. 死，死亡；死亡状态→dead adj.死的→die vi.死亡 17. admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→admirable adj.令人敬佩的→admiration n. 钦佩；欣赏 重点词组 1. on the rocks(关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. out of one’s sight 脱离某人的视线 3. make it能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. at a loss不知所措，困惑 5. in the wrong有错，应承担责任 6. in any case无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on 依赖，依靠，指望 9. in person 亲自，亲身 10. through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 11. in one’s opinion在某人看来 12. get over克服；恢复常态 13. bring out使显现，使表现出 14. be meant to do sth.注定要做某事，应做某事 15. take on呈现，具有 16. lead to导致 17. take the place of 代替 18. put down 放下 19. generally speaking一般来说 20. result from起因于…… 重点句型 1. have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 I have difficulty in communicating with foreigners in English.我在用英语与外国人交流方面有困难。 2. whether...or...连接让步状语从句 Whether my parents agree with me or not，I am determined to be a volunteer. 不管我的父母是否同意，我都决心成为一名志愿者。 3. 动词不定式作表语 My plan is to buy a birthday gift for my mother and give it to her in person. 我的计划是给我妈妈买一份生日礼物，并且亲自送给她。 4. find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth. I find it interesting to play with my little brother.我发现和我弟弟玩挺有趣的。 写作：邀请信 假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长张华，你的美国朋友Chris就读于南京某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖．你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在南京举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛．请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件（1）你喜欢的讲座话题（从音乐、美术、舞蹈中任选其一）； （1）比赛的时间、地点； （2）邀请他的原因； （3）训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。 注意： （1）词数不少于100； （2）可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯； （3）开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇： 世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition Dear Chris， I have good news to tell you. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I'm looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin Dear Chris, I have good news to tell you. The World Adolescent Robotics Competition will be held in Tianjin at the end of July. Hearing that you once took part in a Robotics Skills Competition and won an award, I am going to invite you to our team to take part in the competition. I am sure that your involvement will not only help us in winning the award but also enhance the friendship between our two schools. I will send you our training plan with email, about which I wish to get your advice because you are more experienced than us. We sincerely hope that we can participate in the competition as team partners. I’m looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Jin 【精题精练精讲】 一、根据首字母填写单词 1. In 1967, Disney a____________ the book into a cartoon film, which is widely regarded as a classic. 2. As green doesn’t match any natural hair or skin colour, actors can be easily s____________ from the background. 3. Director James Cameron spent six months looking at and r____________ plans of the Titanic in order to built a full-sized model. 4. Focusing on your s____________ also helps you build your confidence. 5. There were lots of o____________ including bread and butter, chicken pie and puddings, but I still missed my mum’s cooking! 6. It was the pub owner’s silver wedding anniversary and he gave all his r____________ customers a free drink. 7. The night school provides various courses d____________ to meet the needs of different ages. 8. My college roommate and I lost c____________ for years, so I have no idea how she’s doing now. 9. Can you keep me c____________ for a while I’ve felt so bored without anyone to talk to. 10. Sorry, guys, because we’re on a tight s____________, the coffee break has been canceled. 二、根据汉语意思填写单词 11. She has not eaten breakfast for the last few months. She told me she had trouble ____________ (集中精力) in class. 12. These ____________ (外在的) influences are always present, but there are certainly ways to deal with them. 13. What’s more, they should keep regular hours and get plenty of exercise to stay ____________ (精力充沛的) and fit. 14. But then he became angry and we had a big ____________ (争论). 15. First of all, be careful not to follow popular beauty standards ____________. (盲目地) 16. These ____________ (尴尬的，难对付的)questions made me embarrassed a lot. 17. Lats year, I had the chance to study at a British secondary school as an ____________ (交换) student. 18. Everyone’s fingerprints are ____________ （独一无二的）. 19. In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a ____________ (志愿者)in Uzbekistan. 20. Due to the financial crisis, the company wanted to hire 20% fewer ____________ (毕业生)this year than last. 21. Misunderstanding among coworkers can lead to workplace ____________ (紧张关系). 22. I said hello to Jim, but he ____________ (没理会) me and carried on with his war game. 23. All children should be encouraged to realize their full ____________ (潜力). 24. Many young people go to big cities to ____________ (寻找) their fortune. 25. Some people go to ____________ (极端) to lose that extra weight before going to the beach. 三、完成句子 26. 今天，我将就电影制作中你们可能不太熟悉的一些方面做一个简单的介绍。 Today, I’ll give you a brief introduction to some aspects of film making you might not ____________ ____________ ____________. 27. 那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的青少年们正在打一场无望取胜的仗,因为这些标准对于大多数人来说是根本不可能达到的。 Teens who try to copy the looks of their favourite stars are ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________, these standards are simply impossible for most of the population to live up to. 28. 我们强烈鼓励所有青少年遵循这些生活方式，因为健康生活是强身健体的最安全和最有效的方法。 We strongly encourage all teenagers to follow these lifestyle tips, because living well is the safest and most effective way to ____________ ____________ ____________. 29. 为了制作这个精致的模型，500名工人用了100 天的时间，更不用说内部还有成千上万的道具了。 It took 500 workers 100 days to build the fine model, ____________ ____________ ____________ the thousands of props inside. 30. 和真正的朋友在一起，我们可以尽情地分享我们的快乐和悲伤。 With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness ____________ ____________ ____________. 31. 在此，友谊有双重优势--幸福有 了更大的意义，而麻烦再分担之后减半。 Here, friendship has a double advantage—happiness ____________ ____________ a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved! 32. 我如此生气以至于在学校里整天躲着她，并且我仍然不想回复她的任何线上信息。 I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like ____________ ____________ any of her online messages. 33. 我今天的讲座，可能无法对所有的幕后工作者给予公正的评价。 My lecture today may not be able to ____________ ____________ ____________ all the work people have done behind the scenes. 34. 我迫不及待地要向你们描述高中生活是什么样的。 I ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ to you what senior high school life is like. 35. 作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高你的沟通和解决问题的能力。 As a senior high school student, you must ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ your communication and problem-solving. 36. 不过对你们当中心态积极的人来说，每一个挑战都蕴藏着机遇。 For those of you with a positive mind, opportunity ____________ ____________ each challenge. 37. 可能性无穷无尽，我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭。 The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to ____________ ____________ ____________ to your family. 38. 利用你的课堂，向老师和同学请教，善用学校的各种设施。 ____________ ____________ ____________ your classes, learn from your teachers and classmates, and make use of our school facilities. 39. 你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友不同：要么是个头猛蹿，要么是远远落在其他人后面。 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different ____________ to your friends, ____________ ____________ in height or getting left far behind. 40. 当你和父母意见相左时，花点时间让自己冷静下来，尝试从他们的角度了解状况。 When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________. 41. 当我打电话给她时，她说她可能去不了电影院了。 When I called her, she said she might not be able to ____________ ____________ to the cinema. 42. 或许她知道自己错了，想向你道歉。 Perhaps she knows she’s ____________ ____________ ____________ and wants to ____________. 43. 真正的朋友是我们可以依靠的人。 A real friend is someone ____________ support we can ____________ ____________. 44. 在接受挑战的时候，你们将有机会掌握大量的知识，并享受个人的成长。 When you ____________ ____________ the challenges, you will have the opportunity to acquire great knowledge and enjoy personal growth. 45. 我相信你们有能力改变你们的家庭、改变你们的社区、改变我们的国家。 I have confidence in your ability to ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ your family, to your community and to our country. 46. 最后但同样重要的是，要一直看到事情好的一面，即便身处困境，也永远不要失去希望。 Last but not least, always ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ and never lose hope, even in difficult situations. 47. 你是否觉得，你已无法在任何事情上与父母达成一致？ Do you feel that you just cannot ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ with your parents on anything 48. 你可能会感到焦虑，因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友们不同：要么个头猛蹿，要么远远落在其他人后面。 You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, ____________ ____________ in height or getting left far behind. 49. 我们不用去城里从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。 We did not have to go downtown and ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ Mama’s Bank Account. 50. 这种情况带来的压力让我难受死了，我不知道接下来该怎么办。 The stress of this situation is killing me, and I’m ____________ ____________ ____________ what to do next. 51. 我发现自己被他欺骗之后，真的好伤心，我放弃了那份友谊。 When I found out that I was tricked by him, I was really hurt and ____________ ____________ ____________ our friendship. 52. 通常，亲密的友情能助我们踏平时而坎坷却又注定要经过的道路。 More often than not, close friendships will help ____________ ____________ the sometimes rocky road that we are all meant to travel. 53. 与真正的朋友，我们可以毫无顾忌、毫无保留地分享我们的欢乐和悲伤。 With true friends, we feel free to share our joy and sadness ____________ ____________ ____________. 四、用单词的适当形式完成句子 54. She made a quick physical ____________ (recover) and was back to work after several weeks. 55. Worried all the time, I was unable to keep ____________ (focus) for more than an hour at a time. 56. He received the award in ____________ (recognize) of his success over the past year. puters offer a much greater degree of ____________ (flexible) in the way work is organized. 58. I got into a heated ____________ (argue) with a friend when we were discussing a math problem. 1. adapted/dapted 【详解】考查动词。句意：1967年，迪斯尼把这本书改编成卡通电影，被广泛认为是一部经典。根据句意和首字母提示应填adapt“改编”作谓语，根据时间状语In 1967，用一般过去时，故填adapted。 2. separated/eparated 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于绿色与任何自然的头发或皮肤颜色都不匹配，因此很容易将演员与背景区分开来。根据句意和首字母提示，此处考查be separated from“与……分开”，故填separated。 3. revising/evising 【详解】考查动名词。句意：导演詹姆斯·卡梅隆花了六个月的时间查看和修改《泰坦尼克号》的计划，以便制作一个全尺寸模型。根据汉语提示，修改为revise，and是并列连词，并列成分的词形词性需一致。根据短语spend doing sth.可知，此处应填revise与look at一致，用动名词作宾语。故填revising。 4. strengths/trengths 【详解】考查名词。句意：关注自己的优势也能帮助你建立自信。根据句意和首字母提示应填strength，表示“优势”，用复数表示优点不止一个，故填strengths。 5. options/ptions 【详解】考查名词。句意：有很多选择，包括面包和黄油，鸡肉派和布丁，但我仍然想念我妈妈做的! 根据句意和首字母提示，此处说明有多种选择，应填option，由lots of修饰用复数，故填options。 6. regular/egular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：那天是酒吧老板的银婚纪念日，他给了所有的老主顾一杯免费的酒。由“a free drink”可知，句子表示“那天是酒吧老板的银婚纪念日，他给了所有的老主顾一杯免费的酒”，空格处意为“常去某地的”，用形容词作定语，修饰名词customers，由首字母提示r可知，是regular。故填regular。 7. designed/esigned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：夜校提供各种课程，是为满足不同年龄的需求而设计的。根据单词首字母和句意“设计”可知，此处应用动词design的过去分词作后置定语修饰名词courses，design和所修饰的名词之间是被动关系。故填designed。 8. contact/ontact 【详解】考查名词。句意：我和我的大学室友已经好几年不联系了，所以我不知道她现在怎么样了。结合后文句意可知，前文是想表达自己和大学室友没联系了，所以才会不知道她现在过得怎么样；固定短语lose contact意为“失去联系”，符合句意，且表示“联系”时不可数。故填contact。 9. company/ompany 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：你能陪我一会儿吗？没有人可以说话，我感到很无聊。由“I’ve felt so bored without anyone to talk to”可知，句子表示“你能陪我一会儿吗？没有人可以说话，我感到很无聊”，由首字母提示c可知，此处是固定短语keep pany，意为“陪伴某人”，故填company。 10. schedule/chedule 【详解】考查名词。句意：大伙儿不好意思，我们日程安排比较紧凑，茶歇被取消了。空前有形容词tight“紧凑的”，故空处需要填名词；结合句意，“茶歇被取消”证明工作比较繁忙，表示“日程安排”为名词schedule，符合句意和首字母提示；且空前有冠词，所以名词需要用单数形式。故填schedule。 11. concentrating 【详解】考查动词。句意：她已经几个月没吃早饭了。她告诉我她在课堂上注意力不集中。根据中文提示可知，表示“集中精力”应用concentrate，为动词，且这里考查have trouble (in) doing sth. 表“做某事有困难”，该短语为固定搭配。故填concentrating。 12. external 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些外部影响总是存在的，但肯定有办法处理它们。根据汉语提示可知，external外在的，形容词作定语修饰名词 influences 。故填external。 13. energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，他们应该保持规律的工作时间，并进行大量的锻炼，以保持活力和健康。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要形容词energetic“精力充沛的”，在句中作表语。故填energetic。 14. argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：但是那时他变得很生气，然后我们大吵了一架。分析句子结构以及空格前a big可知，空格处应该名词单数形式作宾语，根据所给汉语提示可知，应填argument。故填argument。 15. blindly 【详解】考查副词。句意：首先，要注意不要盲目地遵循流行的审美标准。空格处用副词修饰动词follow，“盲目地”的副词是blindly。故填blindly。 16. awkward/embarrassing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些尴尬的问题让我很尴尬。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，形容词awkward/embarrassing符合题意，作定语。故填awkward/embarrassing。 17. exchange 【详解】考查名词。句意：去年，我有机会作为交换生在英国一所中学学习。结合句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词exchange符合题意，作定语，修饰名词student，exchange student“交换生”。故填exchange。 18. unique 【详解】考查形容词。句意：每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。根据所给句子和汉语提示可推出是形容词unique“独一无二的”，该词作为句子表语，故填unique。 19. volunteer 【详解】考查名词。句意：20世纪90年代中期，汤姆·比斯尔作为志愿者在乌兹别克斯坦教授英语。结合句子结构和汉语提示，名词volunteer符合题意，作宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。故填volunteer。 20. graduates 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于金融危机，公司今年想要比去年少雇用20%的毕业生。根据句子结构和汉语提示可知，名词graduate符合题意，被fewer修饰，应用其复数形式。故填graduates。 21. tension/tensions 【详解】考查名词。句意：同事之间的误解会导致工作场所的紧张。空格处用名词作宾语，“紧张关系”的名词是tension，可用单数也可用复数，故填tension/tensions。 22. ignored 【详解】考查时态。句意：我向吉姆打招呼，但他不理我，继续玩他的战争游戏。“没理会”是ignore，由said可知，句子时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故填ignored。 23. potential 【详解】考查名词。句意：应该鼓励所有的孩子充分发挥他们的潜力。根据汉语提示“潜力”，可知应填名词potential，作宾语，不可数。故填potential。 24. seek 【详解】考查动词。句意：许多年轻人到大城市去寻找发财的机会。表示“寻找”为seek，符合题意；空前有不定式to，故空处填动词原形。故填seek。 25. extremes/xtremes 【详解】考查名词。句意：有些人在去海滩前为了减掉多余的体重而走极端。空格处用名词作宾语，由首字母提示e可知，“极端”的名词是extreme，go to extremes是固定短语，意为“走极端”。故填extremes。 26. be familiar with 【详解】考查固定搭配。根据中文提示可知，表示“熟悉的”可用be familiar with，为固定搭配，且might not后面应填动词原形。故填be familiar with。 27. fighting a losing battle 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。fight a losing battle为固定搭配，表示“打一场无望取胜的仗”。根据空格前are以及句意可知，本句应用现在进行时，且fight a losing battle和主语Teens的关系为主动，所以空格处应填fighting a losing battle。故填①fighting ②a ③losing ④battle。 28. get into shape 【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。根据汉语提示“强身健体”可知短语为get into shape，此处不定式作后置定语，修饰way，作定语。故填get into shape。 29. not to mention 【详解】考查固定搭配。not to mention表示“更别提，更不用说”，分析句子结构以及句意可知，应填not to mention。故填①not ②to ③mention。 30. in full measure 【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“最大限度地”可知短语为in full measure作状语。故填in full measure。 31. takes on 【详解】考查时态和动词短语。take on表示“承担，呈现，雇用”，take on a greater meaning 表示“有了更大的意义”，分析句子结构可知，空格处应填谓语动词，结合句意可知，应用一般现在时，且主语happiness为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，所以应填takes on。故填takes on。 32. responding to 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。respond to为固定搭配表示“对……作出回复，对……作出回应”，feel like doing sth.为固定搭配表示“想要做某事”，根据空格前feel like以及句意可知，空格处 应填responding to。故填responding to。 33. do justice to 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文提示，缺少“给予公正的评价”，为动词短语do justice to；设空处前为be able to do sth有能力做某事，故设空处应用动词原形的形式。故填do justice to。 34. can’t wait to describe 【详解】考查情态动词和短语。迫不及待是“can’t wait to do”，根据后面的 is可知是一般现在时，用can，“描述”译为describe。故填can’t wait to describe。 35. make efforts to improve 【详解】考查动词和不定式。根据中英文提示，空处用make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”，情态动词后接动词原形，improve“提高”，用不定式作目的状语，故填make efforts to improve。 36. lies in 【详解】考查动词短语。结合语境表示“每一个挑战都蕴藏着机遇”应用动词短语lie in，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为opportunity，谓语用三单形式。故填lies in。 37. make a difference 【详解】考查动词短语。根据中文 提示可知，表示“改变”或者“有影响”可用动词短语make a difference，为固定搭配，与前面to构成不定式，在本句中作定语。故填make a difference。 38. Take advantage of 【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“利用”，是固定短语take advantage of，句子是祈使句，因此空格处动词用原形，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Take，advantage，of。 39. rate, shooting up 【详解】考查名词和动词短语。根据中文提示可知，表示“速度”可用rate，为可数名词，而这里应用单数形式；表示“个头猛蹿”应用动词短语shoot up，为固定短语，且由句意和后文getting left far behind可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填rate；shooting up。 40. from their point of view 【详解】考查介词短语。“从某人的角度”可用介词短语from one’s point of view表示，“他们的”用形容词性物主代词their。故填from their point of view。 41. make it 【详解】考查固定短语。结合语境表示“及时赶到，赶上”可知短语为make it to，且上文为短语be able to do sth.，应填动词原形。故填make it。 42. in the wrong, apologize 【详解】考查介词短语和动词。根据中文提示可知，表示“错了”可用in the wrong，为固定搭配，在本句中作表语；表示“道歉”应用apologize，为动词，与前面to构成不定式，在本句中作宾语。故填in the wrong；apologize。 43. whose, count on 【详解】考查动词短语和定语从句。根据中文提示可知，表示“依靠”可用count on，为动词短语，在从句中作谓语，且分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为someone ，为人，在从句中作定语，修饰support，所以应用关系词whose。故填whose；count on。 44. rise to 【详解】考查短语。根据中英文提示可知，空处缺少“接受”的英文表达，根据主句时态用一般将来时，可知when引导时间状语从句，用一般现在时，主语为you，第二人称，动词用原形。故填：①rise；②to。 45. make a difference to 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。空前为不定式to，后接动词原形。表示“改变、有影响”为短语make a difference to sth.，符合题干。故填make，a，difference，to。 46. look on the bright side 【详解】考查祈使句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“看到事情好的一面”，是固定短语look on the bright side，句子是祈使句，用动词原形，故填①look，②on，③the，④bright，⑤side。 47. see eye to eye 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。根据句意，表示“与某人达成一致”为固定短语see eye to eye with stb.，符合题干；空前有情态动词cannot，故第一空需要填动词原形。故填see，eye，to，eye。 48. shooting up 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“猛蹿，迅速成长”，是固定短语shoot up，句中谓语是are developing，空格处用非谓语动词，you和shoot up之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填shooting，up。 49. draw money out of 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。结合句意可知，空处缺少“从……里取钱”。表示“取钱”为短语draw money，空处和and前的have to go down town并列，故应用动词原形的形式；表示“从……拿出”为短语out of。故填①draw，②money，③out，④of。 50. at a loss 【详解】考查固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“不知所措，困惑”，是固定短语at a loss，故填at a loss。 51. let go of 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据句意“放弃”可知，空格处涉及固定短语“let go of…”，意为“放弃……，舍弃……”，根据句意和句中“was”可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，为一般过去时，“let”的过去式是“let”，故空格处应填“let go of”。故填let go of。 52. smooth out 【详解】考查动词、固定短语。“使……平滑”可知短语为smooth out，且空格前为短语help do sth.，省略了不定式，可知空处应填动词原形。故填smooth，out。 53. in full measure 【详解】考查介词短语。短语in full measure“最大程度地”，符合题意。故填①in②full③measure。 54. recovery 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的身体很快就恢复了，几周后就回去工作了。physical是形容词，修饰名词，recover的名词是recovery，意为“恢复”，空前有a，空格处用单数，故填recovery。 55. focused 【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于一直担心，我无法一次集中精力超过一个小时。空处应填形容词作表语，focused“专注的”符合题意，keep focused“保持专注”。故填focused。 56. recognition 【详解】考查名词。句意：他因过去一年的成功而获得这个奖项。根据设空前的介词可知，此处填名词作介词的宾语。recognize为动词，意为“认可”，其名词形式为recognition，故填recognition。 57. flexibility 【详解】考查名词。句意：计算机在组织工作的方式上提供了更大程度的灵活性。空处应填名词作宾语，flexibility“灵活性”符合题意，抽象概念，不可数。故填flexibility。 58. argument 【详解】考查名词。句意：当我们在讨论一个数学问题时，我和一个朋友发生了激烈的争论。句子分析可知设空处在句中作宾语，所给词argue的名词argument“争论”符合句意。故填argument。 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park. A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load. ____1____ It can case your mind and quicken your pace. The findings show that natural settings may potentially reduce cognitive(认知的)tiredness and improve reaction times straight away. ____2____ The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. During this trial, participants were fitted with sensors and a dozen motion control cameras were set up to watch them repeatedly walk down a l5-metre room at their natural speed. The wall opposite them showed an image of either a nature scene or a city scene. ____3____ On the whole, when walking in city settings, people reported that they felt more uncomfortable and they walked at a slower pace, indicating a higher cognitive load. ____4____ In the trial, participants were asked to distinguish between basic visual shapes on the computer while also in the presence of a natural or urban image(the same ones from the first experiment). Measuring reaction times in both natural and urban settings, the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes. ____5____ Our brains take longer to process. However, more research is needed to prove that idea. A. Nature influences us in many ways. B. The second dug into some higher-level cognitive processes. C. A walk through nature does the opposite, though. D. They said they couldn’t concentrate properly after walking. E. After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort. F. The reason is that urban environments are more distracting. G. The study includes two experiments with two different approaches. 【答案】CGEBF 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在城市里散步和在公园里散步不一样并作研究讲述其原因。 【16题详解】设空句处位于段中，需关注前后逻辑关系和词汇对应。文中第一句“Walking in the city is very different from walking in the park”（在城市里散步和在公园里散步很不一样）提到城里散步不同于公园散步；紧接着阐明城里散步的研究结果“A small psychology study suggests urban environments can slow your step and possibly increase your mental load.”（一项小型心理学研究表明，城市环境会放慢你的脚步，并可能增加你的精神负荷），那么接下来应是对在“自然中散步”的情况进行对比。C项：A walk through nature does the opposite. though.（而在大自然中漫步则恰恰相反）符合题意。故选C。 【17题详解】根据第二段第一句“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load. ”（这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）可知设空处需要一个概括这个实验的句子，G项：The study includes two experiments with two different approaches.（该研究包括两个实验，采用两种不同的方法）符合题意。故选G。 【18题详解】根据此段对第一个实验的描述，特别是“to watch them repeatedly walk down a 15-metre room at their natural speed”（看着他们以自然的速度反复走下15米高的房间），以及空后句中的“people reported that they felt more uncomfortable”（ 人们报告说他们感觉更不舒服）可知，参与者被要求报告他们在两种环境下不舒适度的感受，E项：After each participants were asked to rate their discomfort.（在每个实验后参与者被要求评估他们的不适后）符合题意。故选E。 【19题详解】根据第一段段尾和第二段段首“The first of the two experiments in the new study focused on people’s way of walking and cognitive load.”（ 这项新研究的两个实验中的第一个集中在人们的走路方式和认知负荷上）对两个实验的提及，可以推断出这里讲的是第二个实验, 由此可知B项“第二种是深入研究一些更高层次的认知过程”符合题意，“higher-level cognitive”是解题的关键字眼, 和第一个实验形成递进关系，故选B。 【20题详解】上句“the team found results to support their idea. In urban environments, participants were slower in distinguishing between simple shapes”（研究小组发现了支持他们观点的结果。在城市环境中，参与者辨别简单形状的速度较慢）是对参与者在两种环境下散步产生差异性的分析，由此推知，空处可能陈述原因。F项：The reason is that urban environments are more distracting.（原因是城市环境更容易让人分心）分析了原因，故选F。 二、完型填空 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选择中，选出最佳选项。 A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils “Origami”, a Japanese art of ____1____ paper into different objects. My 7-year-old son had no ____2____ of my coming and that makes it ____3____for me. We were about to take the ____4____ when I got my first “starring moment”. “Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ” ____5____ these, my wife helped me with one of my crutches(拐杖). Little did I know that the first class she’s taking me to ____6____ to be my son’s. On opening the door, with no warning, and to the ____7____ of his classmates, came that unique but ____8____ scream “Daada!!!” and he practically ran out of his classroom to give me a bear hug. His mates couldn’t help staring with envy and ____9____! I sat down, made my introduction and gave ____10____ on paper-folding. They all clapped and ____11____ their thanks even as I made my way to the next class. I left that school feeling ____12____. What more do I want but to continually be ____13____ to God for everything My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can ____14____ any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually ____15____ of me! 1. A. recycling B. folding C. wrapping D. tearing 2. A. attempt B. responsibility C. honour D. knowledge 3. A. fantastic B. worrying C. changeable D. impressive 4. A. stairs B. objects C. chances D. classes 5. A. Tracking B. Answering C. Ignoring D. Watching 6. A. seemed B. used C. intended D. happened 7. A. satisfaction B. disappointment C. amazement D. embarrassment 8. A. angry B. familiar C. painful D. constant 9. A. admiration B. anxiety C. caution D. discrimination 10. A. conferences B. impressions C. arguments D. instructions 11. A. clarified B. expressed C. stressed D. controlled 12. A. disappointed B. concerned C. satisfied D. refreshed 13. A. grateful B. useful C. thoughtful D. helpful 14. A. take on B. care about C. apply for D. approve of 15. A. afraid B. certain C. ashamed D. proud 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者去儿子的班级折纸，赢得了儿子和班级同学的认可。同时，也对自己的能力和形象有了更加积极和正面的认知。 【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几周前，我亲爱的妻子让我去我儿子的学校（她在那里教书）教学生们“折纸”，这是一种把纸折成不同物体的日本艺术。A.recycling回收利用；B.folding折叠；C.wrapping包，裹；D.tearing撕裂。根据倒数第二段的“I sat down, made my introduction and gave instruction on paper-folding.”中paper-folding“折纸”可知，空处为原词重现。故选B。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我7岁的儿子不知道我要来，这让我很担心。A.attempt尝试；B.responsibility责任；C.honour荣誉；D.knowledge知识，了解。have no knowledge of 为固定搭配，“不知情”。故选D。 【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我7岁的儿子不知道我要来，这让我很担心。A.fantastic极好的；B.worrying令人担忧的；C.changeable可改变的；D.impressive印象深刻的。根据第二段““Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ””可知，作者在儿子不知情的情况下去他学校，而且还拄着拐，所以很担忧。故选B。 【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们正要走楼梯时，我迎来了我的第一个“主演时刻” 。A.stairs楼梯；B.objects物品；C.chances机会；D.classes班级。根据本段的第四句“How is he going to climb the stairs ”可知，作者需要走台阶了。故选A。 【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的妻子无视这些，用我的一根拐杖帮我。A.Tracking追踪；B.Answering回答；C.Ignoring忽略；D.Watching看。根据上文““Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ””可知，我脑海中有各种担忧，但是我妻子忽略了我的种种担忧。故选C。 【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道她带我去上的第一节课正好是我儿子的。 A.seemed似乎；B.used使用；C.intended打算；D.happened发生。固定搭配happen to do sth.“碰巧……”，再结合句意可知，她带我进去的班级碰巧是我儿子的班级。故选D。 【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：打开门的时候，没有任何警告，让他的同学们惊讶的是，那道独特而熟悉的尖叫“爸爸!!”，他几乎是跑出教室给了我一个熊抱。 A.satisfaction满意；B.disappointment失望；C.amazement惊讶；D.embarrassment尴尬。根据句意可知，儿子的行为，让全班都惊呆了。故选C。 【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：打开门的时候，没有任何警告，让他的同学们惊讶的是，那道独特而熟悉的尖叫“爸爸!!”，他几乎是跑出教室给了我一个熊抱。A.angry生气的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.painful痛苦的；D.constant连续不断的。儿子的声音对于爸爸来说应该是熟悉的。故选B。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的同学们不禁羡慕又钦佩地盯着看! A.admiration钦佩；B.anxiety焦虑；C.caution谨慎；D.discrimination歧视。根据句意及结合选项可知，能和空前envy并列的名词，应为admiration。故选A。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我坐下来，做了自我介绍，并指导他们如何折纸。A.conferences会议；B.impressions印象；C.arguments争论；D.instructions指导。根据句意及第一段“A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils“Origami”, a Japanese art of folding paper into different objects.”可知，我指导孩子们折纸。故选D。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我走向下一个班级时，他们都鼓掌表示感谢。A.clarified阐明；B.expressed表达；C.stressed强调；D.controlled控制。根据句意可知，他们以鼓掌的方式表达他们的感激。故选B。 【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我离开了那所学校，心满意足。A.disappointed失望的；B.concerned担心的；C.satisfied满意的；D.refreshed精神振奋的，心旷神怡的。根据第二段“We were about to take the stairs when I got my first “starring moment”. “Who is this daddy Why is he walking in a funny way How is he going to climb the stairs ” Ignoring these, my wife helped me with one of my crutches.”以及最后一段“What more do I want but to continually be grateful to God for everything My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can take on any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually proud of me!”可知，作者由刚进儿子学校时的担心因为儿子以自己为骄傲而产生了情绪的变化，感激上帝，所以作者的情绪应该是满意的。故选C。 【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了不断地为一切感谢上帝，我还想要什么呢 A.grateful感激的；B.useful有用的；C.thoughtful深思的；D.helpful有帮助的。根据本段后文“My wife has always seen me as a physically fit person who can take on any task and now I find my 7-year old boy is actually proud of me!”可知，作者对自己的生活感到满意，感谢上帝。故选A。 【34题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的妻子一直认为我身体健康，可以承担任何任务，现在我发现我7岁的儿子竟然为我感到骄傲! A.take on承担，呈现；B.care about担心；C.apply for申请；D.approve of支持。根据句意及第一段“A couple of weeks back, my darling wife had been asking me to come over to my son’s school (where she teaches) and teach the pupils“Origami”, a Japanese art of folding paper into different objects.”可知，作者妻子并不在意自己的身体残疾，把自己当常人来看待。所以会让作者承担任何任务。 故选A。 【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我的妻子一直认为我身体健康，可以承担任何任务，现在我发现我7岁的儿子竟然为我感到骄傲! A.afraid害怕的；B.certain确实；C.ashamed羞愧的；D.proud骄傲的。根据句意及第三段“On opening the door, with no warning, and to the amazement of his classmates, came that unique but familiar scream “Daada!!!” and he practically ran out of his classroom to give me a bear hug.”可知，我发现我儿子以我为傲。故选D。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One year ago, China rolled out the “double reduction” policy to ease the burden of excessive core-subjects homework and off-campus tutoring faced by middle and primary school students. The policy not only allows children more time to rest and play, but also allows them to obtain the nutrition ___1___ (need) for their all-around moral, intellectual and physical development. Positive changes ___2___ (take) pared with a year ago, students now have more independent, diversified ___3___ (choose) of extracurricular activities to explore, and can develop their interests and abilities, ___4___ opens up new horizons for them. To Yue Xinyu, ___5___ third-grader in central China’s Wuhan City, a notable change is that her primary school classes now finish ___6___ (early) in the afternoon than before. “After class, we can opt for ___7___ (vary) interest-oriented classes and workshops,” the eight-year-old student said. Football, basketball, opera classes and clay workshops, are available ___8___ lower graders, while senior primary students have more alternatives, including ___9___ (program) and dance. A dance lover herself, Yue is eager to join the school’s club ___10___ she becomes old enough. She now takes off-campus Latin dance lessons in her spare time. Gliding on the dance floor makes her feel relaxed and confident, she said. 【答案】36. needed 37. have taken 38. choices 39. which 40. a 41. earlier 42. various 43. to 44. programming 45. when 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的“双减”政策推出后学生们的变化和感受。 【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项政策不仅让孩子们有更多的时间休息和玩耍，而且让他们获得德、智、体全面发展所需的营养。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作后置定语，因为need和nutrition之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词needed作后置定语表被动关系。故填needed。 【37题详解】考查动词的时态。句意：积极的变化发生了。分析句式可知，此处用现在完成时表示变化已经发生，且take place是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态。故填have taken。 【38题详解】考查名词。句意：与一年前相比，现在的学生有了更多独立、多样化的课外活动选择去探索，可以发展自己的兴趣和能力，这为他们打开了新的视野。根据空格前的形容词diversified可知，形容词应该修饰名词，所以此处应该用提示词的名词形式。故填choices。 【39题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which来引导。故填which。 【40题详解】考查冠词。句意：对中国中部城市武汉的三年级学生岳新宇来说，一个显著的变化是她的小学课程现在比以前提早结束了。分析句意可知，岳新宇是一名三年级学生，所以用不定冠词a表示泛指“一个”符合语境。故填a。 【41题详解】考查比较级。句意：同上。根据下文的than可知，此处应该用提示词的比较级形式。故填earlier。 【42题详解】考查形容词。句意：这位8岁的学生说：“下课后，我们可以选择各种兴趣导向型课程和研讨会。”分析句式结构可知，此处应该用提示词的形容词形式作定语修饰名词classes。故填various。 【43题详解】考查固定短语。句意：低年级学生可以参加足球、篮球、歌剧课和黏土工作坊，而高年级的小学生则有更多的选择，包括编程和舞蹈。分析句意再根据available可知，此处用介词to构成固定短语be available to表示“可得到的、可利用的”符合语境。故填to。 【44题详解】考查动名词。句意：同上。分析句意再根据提示词可知，此处用名词programming表示“编程”符合语境。故填programming。 【45题详解】考查状语从句。句意：她本人也是一名舞蹈爱好者，她渴望在长大后加入学校的舞蹈俱乐部。结合句意再分析句式结构可知，此处用when来引导时间状语从句符合语境。故填when。 【课后巩固训练】 高一上期中-南通海安中学22-23 一、阅读 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A In the animal kingdom, killer whales (虎鲸) are social stars: they travel in varied family groups, care for grandchildren, and even imitate human speech. Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships. A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds. Some ocean animals maintain social structures — including male dolphins that learn the “names” of their close allies (盟友). But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales. That was high enough not to trouble the whales, marking the first time drones have been used to study friendly physical contact in whales. The researchers recorded over 800 instances of physical contact between individuals. Those included hugs, back-to-back and nose-to-nose touches between pairs of whales. Other whales playfully threw young whales into the air, letting them fall into the water. Besides, the drone images revealed clear preferences among individuals, usually for one “best friend” of the same sex and age. Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says. The young led most of these interactions, rather than the older females or males. Older males in particular were less important. “The young individuals really seem to be the glue (胶水) holding the groups together,” Weiss says. As individuals age, this gradual loss of “centrality” is known in many social mammals, including humans. That finding is “especially appealing” to Stacey Tecot, who wasn’t involved in the study. “Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss. 1. What does the underlined word “rival” in Paragraph l probably mean A. Benefit from. B. Be equal to. C. Depend on. D. Be fond of. 2. What is new about Weiss’ research A. The research method. B. The variety of species. C. The size of the research team. D. The time spent on the research. 3. What did Weiss find about J49 and J51 A. They have a stable friendship. B. Their interactions are more complicated. C. Their communicating ways change frequently. D. They prefer playing with young female whales. 4. What can we infer from the last paragraph A. More researchers will be involved in the study. B. Other scientists take a negative attitude to the research. C. Researchers will collect more data to study killer whales. D. Researchers will uncover the social aging trend in animals soon. 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了社交明星虎鲸的建立快速友谊的能力。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯（Michael Weiss）与同事合作发射无人机研究虎鲸的友好身体接触。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一自然段“Now, scientists are adding one more behavior to the list: forming fast friendships.”（现在，科学家们又给这个清单增加了一种行为：建立快速友谊。）可知，科学家们对于虎鲸的社交能力又有一项新的发现——建立快速友谊。所以可推知下文“A new study shows killer whales can rival animals such as chimpanzees and macaques (a kind of monkey), and even humans when it comes to the kind of “social touch” that indicates strong bonds.”（一项新的研究表明，虎鲸可以与黑猩猩和猕猴（猴子的一种）等动物，甚至人类rival，因为它们的“社交接触”表明它们之间有着牢固的联系。）是说虎鲸的建立快速友谊的能力可以与黑猩猩和猕猴等动物，甚至人类相匹敌。A. Benefit from.从……受益；B. Be equal to.与……相当；C. Depend on.依靠；D. Be fond of.喜爱。故选B。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“But there is little data about wild killer whales. That’s where drone technology came in. Michael Weiss, a behavioral ecologist, teamed up with his colleagues to launch drones, flying them 30 to 120 meters above a group of killer whales.”（但关于野生虎鲸的数据很少。这就是无人机技术的起源。行为生态学家迈克尔·韦斯（Michael Weiss）与同事合作发射无人驾驶飞机，在一群虎鲸上方30至120米处飞行。）可知，迈克尔·韦斯使用无人机进行研究，也就是说他的研究方法新颖。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三自然段“Take J49 and J51 — two distantly related young males aged 9 and 6 — for instance. “Every time you see a group of whales, those two are right there interacting with each other,” Weiss says.”（以J49和J51这两个9岁和6岁的远亲年轻雄性虎鲸为例。韦斯说：“每次你看到一群虎鲸时，它们就在那里相互交流。”）可知，J49和J51有稳定的友谊。故选A。 【11题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Scientists have long observed this social aging trend in animals, but there are still many unanswered questions,” she says. That’s certainly on the researchers’ radar. “We’re already gathering new data, with more advanced equipment,” says Weiss.”（她说：“科学家们长期以来一直观察到动物的这种社会老龄化趋势，但仍有许多问题没有答案。”。这当然是研究人员关注的问题。Weiss说：“我们已经在用更先进的设备收集新数据。”）可知，研究人员将收集更多数据来研究虎鲸。故选C。 B Is it possible for the human heart to shrink (缩小) and if so, how does this change impact the human body Recently, scientists have discovered an unexpected similarity between long-distance swimming and spending a long duration of tire in space—both can cause the human heart to shrink over time! These findings were based on the experiences of astronaut Scott Belly, who spent 340 days in space in 2015, and Benoit Lecomte, an athlete who in 2018 swam 1,753 miles (about 2,821 km) across the Pacific Ocean in 159 days. The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta (主动脉), the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body. As a result, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size. The study was conducted by Benjamin Levine, a professor of internal medicine at the University of Texas South western Medical Center. He noted that the shrinkage was seen despite the fact that Scott Belly exercised every day. Activities such as long-distance swimming can cause the heart to change similarly. Lecomte spent 5.8 hours swimming every day and then another hours sleeping; therefore, he spent more time in a horizontal (水平的) position than upright. This reduced the force of gravity acting on his body. Fortunately, while the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both men. And in both cases, the heart regained its original mass and size after a return to normal daily lives, This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s. Professor Levine is working with NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-formation by following ten more astronauts’ year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space. 5. What do Belly and Lecomte have in common A. Their hearts once became smaller than before. B. Their hearts are stronger than common people. C. Their hearts may never return to normal. D. Their hearts may have to work harder. 6. What causes the change of the heart in space A. The lack of exercise B. The lack of gravity. C. The sleeping position. D. The psychological pressure. 7. What can we know from the last paragraph A. The limitation of the study. B. The process of the study. C. The details of the study. D. The application of the study. 8. Which can be the best title for the text A. Can astronauts avoid the effect of gravity B. Can athlete have a stronger heart C. Can the human heart reduce in size D. Can the human heart function well in space 【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了人的心脏在长期缺乏重力的情况下会变小的一项研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Fortunately, while the heart did shrink in size for Belly and Lecomte, it was just as strong and continued to function normally for both men.(幸运的是，虽然贝利和勒孔特的心脏确实变小了，但他们的心脏依然强大，继续正常运转。)”可知，Belly和Lecomte的心脏都变得比之前更小了。故选A。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The absence of gravity in space means that the heart does not have to work as hard to pump blood through the aorta (主动脉), the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygen to all parts of our body. As a result, the heart loses muscle mass, causing it to reduce in size. (在太空中没有重力意味着心脏不需要那么费力地将血液泵入主动脉，主动脉是向我们身体各个部位提供氧气的最大血管。结果，心脏失去了肌肉量，导致心脏变小。)”可知，由于缺少地球重力，人的心脏会产生变化，会变得更小。故选B。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。通读最后一段“This study is crucial as NASA prepares to send astronauts to Mars in the 2030s. Professor Levine is working with NASA on a program called cypher, which hopes to collect more in-formation by following ten more astronauts’ year-long trips as well as conducting research on shorter trips to space.(这项研究至关重要，因为美国宇航局准备在21世纪30年代将宇航员送上火星。莱文教授正在与美国宇航局合作一个名为cypher的项目，该项目希望通过跟踪10多名宇航员长达一年的太空旅行，以及对较短时间的太空旅行进行研究，来收集更多的信息。)”可知，从最后一段我们能知道这个研究的应用。故选D。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Is it possible for the human heart to shrink (缩小) and if so, how does this change impact the human body (人类的心脏有可能收缩吗？如果有的话，这种变化对人体有什么影响？)”可知，本文主要介绍了“人类的心脏能变小吗”这一问题。故选C。 二、写作 假如你是李华，在今天的外教阅读课上，你做数学作业被外教老师John发现，没收了你的作业。请你给他写一封信，内容包括： l、表示歉意； 2、说明原因； 3、希望他谅解并作出保证。 Dear John, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear John, I sincerely apologize for doing math homework in your class today. I would appreciate it if you can forgive me. Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. However, I did so because my mother happened to fall ill yesterday and I had to send her to hospital and look after her by myself, for my father is working. Doing irrelevant things in class is not acceptable to any teacher. I swear it will never happen again. Will you please be so kind as to give it back to me Thanks a lot! Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教老师John写一封道歉信，表达自己的歉意、说明原因、做出保证下次不再犯，并希望他谅解。 【详解】1.词汇积累 原谅：forgive → make allowances for 毫无意义的：meaningless → pointless/worthless/empty/hollow 生病：fall ill → get sick 无关的：irrelevant → unrelated/unfitting/inappropriate 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless. 拓展句：There is no excuse can be acceptable for having been caught doing other things in your class. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I would appreciate it if you can forgive me.（运用了it做形式宾语） 【高分句型2】Having been caught doing other things in your class, I know any excuse is meaningless.（运用了现在分词的完成式作状语）