2026年译林版中考英语二轮复习语法核心点详解 part 9 分词与动词

初中英语语法核心点详解 part 9 分词与动词
分词
分词种类
分词可以分为现在分词（Ving）及过去分词（P.P.）
现在进行式am / are / is ＋ Ving现在分词
过去进行式was / were ＋ Ving现在分词
现在分词
表示“动作进行” （现在进行式）
例如1. The girl is talking with Joe.
这个女孩正在和Joe 聊天。
表示“主动”
例如1. The girl having long hair is Mary.
留着长头发的女孩是Mary。
wearing long hair 留着长发
修饰名词的现在分词+名词
例如1. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 此时表进行
例如2. I saw a lot of falling stars last night. 此时表主动
例如3. Don't wake the sleeping baby.
不要吵醒正在睡着的宝宝。
例如4. The rising sun is very beautiful.
日出非常的美丽。
名词+现在分词＋修饰词（叫后位修饰）
例如1. I saw a man working in the garden .
我看见在花园里工作的人。
例如2. I saw a girl playing the piano on the stage .
我看见在舞台上弹钢琴的女孩。
例如3. I saw a child sleeping on the grass .
我看见一个孩子在草坪上睡觉。
例如4.我认识那位正和老师聊天的女孩。
I know the girl talking to the teacher .
I know the girl who is talking to the teacher .
例如5.在窗户那边挥手的人是我妈。
The woman waving from the window is my mom.
The woman who is waving from the window is my mom.
例如6. The women sitting in the middle is Bob's mother.
坐在中间的那位女士是Bob的母亲。
例如7. Some of the people waiting for the bus become angry.
等公车中的有些人变得很生气。
例如8. I know the boy running in the park.
我认识在公园跑步的男孩。
1. 分词种类
分词可以分为现在分词（Ving）及过去分词（P.P.）
现在进行式am / are / is ＋ Ving现在分词
过去进行式was / were ＋ Ving现在分词
现在分词
表示“动作进行” （现在进行式）
例如1. The girl is talking with Joe.
这个女孩正在和Joe 聊天。
表示“主动”
例如1. The girl having long hair is Mary.
留着长头发的女孩是Mary。
wearing long hair 留着长发
修饰名词的现在分词+名词
例如1. A drowning man will catch at a straw. 此时表进行
例如2. I saw a lot of falling stars last night. 此时表主动
例如3. Don't wake the sleeping baby.
不要吵醒正在睡着的宝宝。
例如4. The rising sun is very beautiful.
日出非常的美丽。
名词+现在分词＋修饰词（叫后位修饰）
例如1. I saw a man working in the garden .
我看见在花园里工作的人。
例如2. I saw a girl playing the piano on the stage .
我看见在舞台上弹钢琴的女孩。
例如3. I saw a child sleeping on the grass .
我看见一个孩子在草坪上睡觉。
例如4.我认识那位正和老师聊天的女孩。
I know the girl talking to the teacher .
I know the girl who is talking to the teacher .
例如5.在窗户那边挥手的人是我妈。
The woman waving from the window is my mom.
The woman who is waving from the window is my mom.
例如6. The women sitting in the middle is Bob's mother.
坐在中间的那位女士是Bob的母亲。
例如7. Some of the people waiting for the bus become angry.
等公车中的有些人变得很生气。
例如8. I know the boy running in the park.
我认识在公园跑步的男孩。
动词
1. 连缀动词（＋形容词）
变得
例如1. Come home before it gets dark.
天黑前回家。 come home回到家/go home回家
例如2. My dream will come true in the future.
我的梦想未来会实现。
例如3. She went red with anger.
她气的满脸通红。
....起来
例如1. It sounds great.
听起来不错。
It sounds like a true story.
听起来像一个真实的故事。
例如2. The cloth feels soft.
这块布摸起来很软。
The cloth feels like silk.
这块布摸起来像真丝。
（注意）feel like ＋ Ving (想要) ； feel like (大概....似的)
例如1. I don't feel like taking a walk now.
我现在不想去散步。
例如2. It feels like rain.
快要下雨了。
保持....（状态）→keep / stay
例如1. She kept calm during the earthquake.
她在地震时一直保持冷静。
例如2. The weather is going to stay fine for a few days.
天气将会放晴两三天。
fine weather friends 酒肉朋友
2. 授予动词
例如: She asked me a question. = She asked a question of me.
她问我一个问题。
授予动词所搭配的介词
to → give / lend / show / pass / pay / sell / send / teach
for→ buy / make / cook / get / find / play / sing
of → ask
例如1. Will you lend me your pen
请你借给我你的笔好吗？ will you 请你....好吗？
或者: Will you lend your pen to me
（注意）borrow（借入），其后只能接物。
例如1. I borrowed many story books from my friend.
我从朋友那里借了很多的故事书。
例如2. His mother bought him a CD player.
His mother bought a CD player for him.
他的妈妈买给他一台CD音响。
His mother bought it for him.
3. 使役动词（叫某人...做某事）
make / have (叫)＋ 受词＋V原形
get（叫）＋ to + V
let (让) ＋ 受词＋V原形
help(帮忙) ＋受词＋(to) + V
例如1. Our parents made us brush our teeth three times a day.
例如2. I'll get them to try it again.
我会叫他们再试一试。
例如3. He helped me to paint the wall green.
他帮我把墙漆成了绿色。
4. 感官动词
例如1. I looked carefully but saw nothing.
我注意看了，但是什么也没有看到。
例如2. I saw him mow/mowing the lawn.
我看见他在除草。
saw 是感官动词可用原型动词也可以用Ving.
例如3. I noticed her stand/standing behind me.
我注意到她站在我的后面。
5. 情绪动词（使...(人)感到...）
句型1. S（为事物）＋ 情绪动词＋受词（人）
句型2. S（为事物）+beV +情绪Ving + to + O(人)
句型3. S（人）+ beV + 情绪P.P. +介词＋O（事物）
例如1. The computer game interests young people. (动词)
例如2. The computer game is interesting to young people. (情绪形容词)
例如3. Young people are interested in the computer game. (情绪P.P.)
例如4. Young people take/have interest in the computer game.
interest有名词用法，所以有例4.这句话。
（注意）情绪动词的过去分词搭配的介词如下：
例如1. Tom is boring, so nobody wants to be with him.
例如2. I am bored with his endless tales.
我对他的无止境的故事感到很无聊。