2026年中考英语语法核心点详解 part 11 助动词

高中英语语法核心点详解 part 18 助动词
1. 助动词的特征
1.其后须接原形动词
例如1. He can speak English.
He can speaks English. (×)
2.现在式中,主词为第三人称单数,字尾不加s
例如1. He cans speak English . (×)
3.形成否定句,助动词后加not
例如1. He cannot speak English.
He doesn’t can speak English. (×)
4.形成疑问句时,直接将助动词置于主词前
例如1. He can speak English.
→ Can he speak English
Does he can speak English (×)
5.两个助动词不能连用
例如1. You will can swim soon . (×)
You will be able to swim soon.
2. 助动词的用法
can(could) –表“能力,许可,可能”
表“能力”=be able to
例如1. He can speak Japanese, but he cannot/can’t write it.
例如2. She tried to tie the rope, but she couldn’t(过去式).
例如3.明天我将能完成报告并出去看展览。
I will be able to finish the paper and go out to see the exhibition tomorrow.
例如4.我一直想不起他的名字。
I haven’t been able to recall his name.
表“可能”
例如1. It cannot be true.
例如2. This kind of thing can happen every now and then.
例如3. A quarrel can sometimes cause trouble.
例如4.天空中的光线可能是不明飞行物。
The light in the sky could be a UFO. 过去式
表“许可”
例如1. You can come in if you have a ticket.
例如2. I’m afraid (that) you can’t park your car here.
例如3. -- Can I leave early because I’m not well today
-- Certainly.
表“请求”
例如1. Can you do me a favor
Could you do me a favor 更为客气
注意
一般来说,对自己的行为会用Can I...
而对对方的行为则用Could you...
例如2. Could you repeat your cell phone number, please
may(might)
表“许可”
例如1. You may not chew gum in class.
例如2. May I interrupt you -- Sure.
表“可能”
例如1. You may be right but I am against your opinion.
例如2. His health may or may not turn for the better.
例如3. She might not know that you are here.
might所表示的可能性较may低
表“祈愿”
例如1.愿我不会再看见那样的景象！
May I never see a sight like that again!
例如2.祝你成功。
May you succeed.
must
表“义务,命令”
例如1.下周二前你必须归还这本书。
You must return the book by next Tuesday.
例如2.你不可以在嘴巴有东西时说话。
You must not talk with your mouth full.
注意：must not 不可以,禁止
例如1. Must I really attend the meeting
-- Yes, you must.
-- No, you need not .
-- No, you don’t have to .
注意：must = have to
must只能用于现在式，其过去式只能用had to, 未来式用will have to, 完成式用have had to代替
例如1. I had to go to see the doctor because I caught a cold.
I caught Tom’s cold . 被Tom传染了感冒
例如2. You’ll have to replace this light bulb.
例如3.我们必须一直待在这里,因为外面正在下大雨。
We have had to stay here because it’s raining heavily/cats and dogs outside.
重点：口语中,常用have got to 代替have to，其中have是准助动词
例如1. You’ve got to be more patient, Mary.
由于have是准助动词,所以可以缩写
表“推测”
例如1. You must be kidding.
例如2. That is an enormous animal; it must weigh a ton.
重点：表推测时的must, 否定用cannot； must not 是不可以,禁止
例如3. She’s very young. She cannot be over twenty.
表“必然”
例如1. All men must die .
人一定会死。
will
表“现在的推测”
例如1. Mom will be downstairs now .
妈妈现在应该 在楼下吧。
例如2. That will be his house.
那应该是他家吧。
表“主词强烈的意志;固执”
例如1. The window will not open.
窗户怎么也打不开 (人的感受,也许其他人感到可以打开)。
例如2. He will insist on his right.
他要坚持他的权利。
表“习惯;倾向”
例如1. Accidents will happen.
意外总会发生。
例如2. A drowning man will catch at a straw.
溺水者总会攀草求援。
表“请求;劝诱”
例如1. Will you bring me a ladder
麻烦你拿个梯子给我好吗？
例如2. Will you have one more coffee
你要不要再来杯咖啡呢
would
would为will的过去式,但其有 特殊的用法
表“客气的请求”
例如1.你介意我坐在你旁边吗？
Would you mind if I sit next to you
Would you mind me/my sitting next to you
例如2.请你稍后再打给我好吗？
Would you call me back later
Would you please call me back later
Would you call me back later, please
表“过去的习惯/常常做的事情”
常伴随sometimes, often等频率副词
例如1. Before they had television, people would listen to the radio.
Before they had television, people listened to the radio. 语气没上去
在有电视之前,人们常常听收音机 。
例如2. Susan would often chat with us at this coffee shop.
Susan以前经常和我们在这家咖啡馆聊天。(现在不了)
表“过去的意志”
例如1. You wouldn’t eat carrots when you were a boy.
例如2. The rusty screw wouldn’t come loose.
这生锈的螺丝怎么也弄不开。
used to
表“过去习惯”
例如1. John以前在下课后常到餐厅打工。
John used to work part-time(adv.) at a restaurant after school.
例如2. 我以前常在午休时去游泳，但现在则不。
I used to go for a swim on my lunch break, but now I don’t.
例如3. I used to go to the movies every Sunday.
I wound often go to the movies when I was young.
注意
used to 表示过去相当长的 习惯
would 表示过去 动作的重复 , 其习惯意味较淡
重点：used to的否定形：used not to(因其为助动词) / didn’t use to
疑问形：Used+S+to... 或 Did+S+use to
例如1. He used not to drink.
= He didn’t use to drink.
eat soup 喝汤
例如2.他以前常和你一起去上学吗？
Used he to go to school with you
Did he use to go to school with you
例如3. We used to talk about our future, usedn’t we
We used to talk about our future, didn’t we
表“过去持续的状况”
例如1.从前这里有一座古庙。
There used to be an old temple here.
例如2.他不再是三年前的他了。
He isn’t what he used to be three years age.
重点
物 be used to V →(物)被用来...
人 be used to Ving →(人)习惯...
人 used to V →过去习惯于
例如1. The knife is used to cut bread.
例如2.我习惯早睡早起。
I am used to keeping good hours.
should
表“义务”
例如1.你应该多运动并且少吃东西。
You should exercise more and eat less.
play sports有运动项目, take exercise扭扭腰什么的
例如2.政府应该多花点钱在教育上。
The government should spend more money on education.
表“推测” （应该会...吧）
例如1.我们的客人应该在一小时内会到吧。
Our guests should be here within an hour.
be my guest 别客气，请用；请便
例如2.我昨天寄电子邮件给你，所以你应该知道邀请函的事吧。
I sent you e-mail/an e-mail yesterday, so you should know about the invitation.
表“强烈的惊奇”—怎么会
例如1. Who should make such a foolish mistake
谁会犯如此愚蠢的错误呢
例如2. How should I know it
我怎么会知道呢
重点：ought to(应该) 语气强于should, 在口语中常用
例如1.我的脚踏车应该在这里,因为我就把它停在电线杆旁。
My bicycle ought to / should / was supposed to be here because I left it just beside the telegraph pole.
例如2. You oughtn’t (to) do so.
例如3. Ought we (to) tell him about it
在疑问和否定,美语常省to
need (普通动词/助动词)
做助动词只在否定句,疑问句,肯定句直接用need(动词)
need(v.) →人+need+ to V
→物+need(s)+Ving/ to be P.P.
例如1.你不需要说这么大声，我听得很清楚。
You don’t need to speak so loud. I hear you very well. 普通动词
You need not speak so loud. I hear you very well . 助动词
例如2.我需要把节目录下来吗？不，你不需要。
-- Do I need to record the program on the tape 普通动词
-- No, you don’t need to.
-- Need I record the program on the tape 助动词
-- No, you needn’t.
-- Yes, you must . need作助动词不能用在肯定句
dare (dare-dared)
dare + VR 助动词
dare +(to)+ VR 一般动词
例如1.她不敢说实话。
She dare not/daren’t tell the truth. 助动词
She does not dare to tell the truth. 一般动词
She does not dare tell the truth. 一般动词
例如2.那时我不敢嘲笑他。
I dared not laugh at him at that time. 助动词
I didn’t dare to laugh at him at that time. 一般动词
I didn’t dare laugh at him at that time. 一般动词
例如3. How dare you ask me for help
例如4. I dare say he is right.
3. 含助动词的惯用表现
助动词+have+过去分词
A.代替过去式表达一种（过去）
例如1. You may have heard this joke before .
may heard 不存在,使用may have heard代替,表达一种（过去）
例如2. The keys might have fallen out of your pocket. 表达一种（过去）
例如3. I must have been asleep. I didn’t hear your footsteps. 表达一种（过去）
可能性must→may→might
例如4. He cannot have survived in the accident.
B.表达责备：本应该,却没有; 本不应该,却
例如1. You should/ought to have applied for the job sooner.
例如2. She need not have come so early.
含有can的惯用表现
cannot help+Ving（禁不住）
例如1.无论何时我听到那首歌都忍不住流泪。
I cannot help crying whenever I hear that song.
cannot help but V（不能不...）
例如2. I cannot help but think so.
cannot…too… （无论再...也不为过）
例如3. You cannot be too careful when you choose a husband.
含may(might)的惯用表现
1. may well +V （大可...; 恐怕是...）
例如1. He may well say so.
他大可这么说。
例如2. She may well be lost. She has a poor sense of direction.
她恐怕迷路了。她方向感很差。
2. may(might) as well +V… （不妨...）
例如3. You’ll never solve that problem. You might as well give up.
3. may(might) as well V(b) as V(a)… （与其(a) 不如(b)）
例如4. You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.
与其借给他不如丢到海里
should用于that子句
表“感情因素” （表达这很正常或他竟然...）
此句型中常用的有：surprising, strange, lucky, sad, regrettable, natural, a pity等
例如1. It is natural that she should want to have children.
她想要有小孩是很自然 的事。
例如2. It’s a pity that he should be sick in bad.
It’s a pity that he is sick in bad.
他竟然 卧病在床,实在可惜
去掉should也可,不过加上更能表达情感
表“当然; 必要”
此句型中常用的有：important, necessary, essential不可或缺, desirable期望, right等
例如1. It is necessary that you (should) take this medicine right away.
例如2. It is important that he should remember this formula.
It is important that he remember this formula. 注意,不可remembers
表“提案, 要求”
此句型中常用的有：advise, decide, demand(要求), insist(坚持要求), order, propose提议, request要求, suggest
例如1. I suggest that the meeting should be postponed.
→ I suggest that the meeting be postponed. 注意原形
例如2. Mother insists that my brother should get up at five every morning.
→ Mother insists that my brother get up at five every morning.
含would的惯用表现
1. would rather V than V （宁愿...不愿）
例如1. I would rather go today than yesterday.
→ I had rather go today than yesterday.
2. would like to V
例如1. I would like to have a date with him.
→ I want to have a date with him.
→ I feel like having a date with him.