Lesson 16 A polite request
一、核心词汇解析
1. park n. 公园v. 停放
停车场 parking area
parking lot
2. traffic n. 交通
交通堵塞 traffic jam
heavy traffic
交通畅通 light traffic
红绿灯 traffic light
练习:塞车是我们每天不得不面对的社会问题之一。social issue
Traffic jam is one of social issues we have to face every day.
闯红灯:drive through the traffic light
3. ticket n. 票
往返票 return tickets
4. note n. 便条,笔记,备注
笔记本 note book
留便条 / 口信 leave a message
留便条 / 口信leave a note
note v. 注意,观察,记录
把… 写下来 note…down
练习:他注意到她在听到这个消息时笑了。
He noted that she was smiling when she heard this news.
5. area n. 地段
6. sign n. 指示牌,标记,记号,指示(引申义)
v. 签字,签署
/ / signature n. 签字
练习:开车时一定要注意路标。traffic sign
You must note traffic signs when driving.
7. reminder n. 提示温馨提示 warm reminder
remind v. 指示remind sb. of/about sth. 使某人想起某事
练习:这些旧照片使我想起了我的童年。
These old photos reminded me about/of my childhood.
8. fail v. 失败,不及格,无视
fail v. 失败 (反)succeed v. 成功
failure n. (反)success n.
successful a.
successfully adv.
fail v. 不及格 (反)pass v. 及格
fail to do sth. 未能成功做某事
fail + 考试 考试不及格
fail in + 学科 学科不及格
练习:Jerry 从不会忘记每个月给妈妈寄一封信。
Jerry never fails to send a letter to his mother every month.
9. obey v. 服从,遵守服从命令
obey the order遵守规则
obey the rules遵守法律
obey the law
obey (反)disobey v. 反对
obedient a. 服从的
二、重点句型
1. polite a. 礼貌的
polite a. 有礼貌的(反)impolite a. 无礼的
2. If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.
(1)本课的语法重点是真实条件状语从句的用法。
(2)you 在此句中是个泛指性的代词,是一个指代任何人的不定代词。英语中还常用 “one”。
比如:You must be honest. 做人要诚实。
One can never know what will happen in the future. 谁都无法预知未来会发生什么。
3. ...if he lets you go without a ticket.
let sb. go 释放
let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
let alone… 更不必说
比如:她的收入养活一个孩子都不够,更不必说 3 个孩子了。
Her income hardly maintain one child, let alone can three.
4. However, this does not always happen.
however 常用作副词,表示转折,一般用逗号与主句分开。可以放在句首,也可放置于句中。
比如:This, however, does not always happen.
发生 happen, take place, occur无被动语态,事作主语
sth. happen to sb. 某人身上发生某事
5. ... you cannot fail to obey it.
这句话里有个双重否定的巧妙用法以加强语气。
比如:You must not refuse it. 你绝不许拒绝此事。(一定得接受此事)
You can’t forget to come. 你一定别忘了来。(必须得来)
三、重点语法:条件句
一、条件,顾名思义就是一个事物发生和存在的前提。英语中的条件状语从句分为真实条件和非真实条件,后者又称为虚拟语气。
用法:
If we don’t lose heart, we will find a way out.(主将从现)只要不灰心,总会有出路。
What shall we do if we can’t get enough assistance (主情从现)如果得不到足够的援助,我们该如何是好?
If you are free tomorrow, please come and join us!(主将从现)如果你明天有空,来加入我们吧!
He may give up the stupid idea if he loves you.(主情从现)如果他爱你,他会放弃这个愚蠢的想法。
二、除了 “if” 引导条件从句的常用连词外,还有 “unless”、“in case”、“as long as”…
I won’t go to the party unless I am invited. 除非我被邀请,否则我是不会去参加聚会的。
You’d better take your umbrella in case it should rain. 你最好带上雨伞,以防下雨。
As long as we keep trying, we will succeed. 只要我们不断努力,我们一定能成功。
三、常见结构:
1. 零条件句(Zero conditional):表普遍真理或事实,结构为 “if + present tense, + present tense” 或 “present tense + if + present tense”
比如:If you heat water to 100℃, it boils. / Water boils if you heat it to 100℃.
2. 真实条件句:表可能实现的假设,结构为 “if 从句 (现在时)+ 主句 (将来时)”,记忆点 “主将从现”
3. 虚拟条件句:表不大可能实现的假设,例句:If I were you , I would have attended the party.(如果我是你的话,就去参加派对了。)(事实上 “我” 不可能是 “你”,假设不成立)
4. 特殊用法:① 省略主语,如 If you make a mistake, correct it !(如果犯了错误,就改正。);② 主句用祈使语气表请求、建议
如:If you don’t like the food, don’t eat it.
Please don’t disturb him if he is busy.
重点巩固练习:
如果你上闹钟,你就不会睡过头。
If you set your alarm clock, you won't oversleep.
如果你不快点,就会错过飞机。
You will miss the plane if you don't hurry.
如果他出去了,我明天打你电话。
If he is out, I'll call you tomorrow.
如果我有时间,我就去西藏。
If I have time, I will go to Tibet.