Unit 3 Family matters Using Language课件 (共50张外研版(2019)必修第一册

(共50张PPT)
Using Language
Unit 3
Family matters
Students should integrate the reviewed common tenses to express personal experiences or plans, improving the accuracy of tense application in language output.
Students will be able to recall and clarify the basic structures and usage scenarios of common tenses.
Teaching objectives
Students are expected to apply the reviewed tenses correctly to describe past, present and future events in daily life.
Students will learn to distinguish the differences between easily confused tenses and explain the reasons for choosing specific tenses in given contexts.
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Guiding students to consolidate the basic structures and practical usages of common tenses, and helping them master the methods of distinguishing easily confused tenses to apply them correctly in simple language scenarios.
Students may have difficulty accurately choosing appropriate tenses to describe events with complex time relationships and ensuring consistent tense usage in connected writing.
Key and difficult points
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PART Ⅰ
Grammar
Look at the sentences from the reading passage. Decide which tense each is in and match the tenses to what they describe.
Now match the sentences to the correct timelines and find more examples of these tenses in the reading passage.
（1）构成
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词形式一般由动词原形后加-s或-es构成，其变化规则如下：
一般现在时
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 直接加-s learn—learns；need—needs；eat—eats；rise—rises
以s，x，sh，ch或o结尾 在词尾加-es pass—passes；fix—fixes；wash—washes；teach—teaches；discuss—discusses；go—goes
以辅音字母+y结尾 变y为i再加-es worry—worries；carry—carries；fly—flies
注意：be的变化：am，is，are。have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。
（2）用法
① 表示习惯性、经常性、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常与频度时间状语连用，如frequently, rarely, occasionally等
He goes to school every day.他每天去上学。
② 表示永恒的状态、客观真理、客观存在及自然现象
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳从东方升起，从西方落下。
③ 在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时，而不用将来时
I'll write to her when I have time. 我有时间的时候会给她写信。
一般现在时
④ 时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，用一般现在时代替一般将来时
The train leaves at 8 o'clock.
火车将于8点钟发车。
The shop opens at 9:00 in the morning and closes at 8:00 in the evening.
这家商店早上9点开门，晚上8点关门。
⑤ 在here，there开头的倒装句中，表示当前存在的状态或即将发生的动作。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
一般现在时
（1）构成
① 一般过去时用动词过去式表示，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：
一般过去时
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ed pack—packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为ied carry—carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan—planned
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d liked—liked；provide—provided
注意：不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式，需要个别记忆
（2）用法
① 表示在确定的过去的时间里发生的动作
Where did you go just now 你刚才去了哪里？
② 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。表示这种意义时，句子中常带有every day，often，usually，always，sometimes 等时间状语
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
③ 表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来判断
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起床、提水、打扫房间，然后出去散步。
一般过去时
④ 在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般过去时代替过去将来时，表示过去将来的动作
He said he would not go if it rained. 他说如果下雨他就不去。
⑤ 一般过去时常用的时间状语有yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等
She suddenly fell ill yesterday. 昨天她突然病倒了。
注意：
在一些固定句型中，常用一般过去式，如下列句型：
① It is time that sb. +did... 某人是时候该做某事了
② would/ had rather that sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事
一般过去时
（1）构成
① will/ shall+动词原形 ② is/ am/ are going to+动词原形
③ is/ am/ are about to+动词原形 ④ is/ am/ are to+动词原形
⑤ is/ am/ are due to+动词原形 ⑥ 某些动词的一般现在时或现在进行时形式
I will visit my grandparents this weekend. 我这周末要去看望祖父母。
She is going to learn a new language next semester. 她下学期要学一门新语言。
The train is about to leave in five minutes. 火车五分钟后就要发车了。
You are to hand in your homework before Friday. 你们须在周五前交作业。
The movie is due to begin at 7 p.m. 这部电影定于晚上 7 点开始。
The plane takes off at 9 a.m. tomorrow. 飞机明天上午 9 点起飞。 （一般现在时表将来，用于时刻表）
一般将来时
（2）用法
① will
a. 表示将来的习惯性动作或状态
Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。
b. 表示将来发生的一次性动作
If you don't hurry, you will miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就会赶不上火车。
c. 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势
Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。
d. 表示偶然的、临时的决定
—Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town 你知道史密斯先生来我们镇了吗？
—No. I will go and visit him right now. 不知道。我马上就去看他。
一般将来时
② be going to
用在口语中，表示“计划、打算要做某事”，此外，be going to还可表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断，在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自然现象
He is going to speak on TV this evening. 他今晚要在电视上演讲。
③ be about to/ be on the point of +动名词
表示“立即的将来（immediate future）”，这两种结构不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when (=and at this/that time)引出的分句连用
The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。
一般将来时
④ be to
a. 表示“按计划或安排要做的事”，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等
When are you to leave for home 你什么时候回家？
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。
b. 表示要求做某事，意为“应该”，相当于should，ought to
You are to report it to the police. 你应该报警。
c. 表示“想，打算”，相当于 intend，want
If we are to be there before ten, we'll have to go now.
如果我们要在10点前到那儿，我们现在就得走。
一般将来时
⑤ be due to 表示“预定、定于”
They are due to meet again tomorrow. 他们定于明天再见面。
⑥ 有些动词，如 come，go，arrive，leave，begin，start 等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作
I'm leaving for Beijing next month. 下个月我要动身去北京。
⑦ 有些动词的一般现在时可以表示按计划、安排将要做的事情，这种用法常常用于介绍火车时刻表、飞机时刻表、电影开演时刻表、作息安排等
The plane takes off at 7 o'clock. 飞机7点钟起飞。
We must hurry up. The first class begins at 8 o'clock.
我们必须快点儿。第一节课将在8点开始。
一般将来时
注意：（1）be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来，不能用在含有条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。
If it is fine, we'll go climbing. 如果天气好，我们就去爬山。
（2）am/is/are about to do一般不接时间状语，但可以用于固定句式was/were about to do + when...表示“正要做某事，突然……”。
He was about to open the door when the telephone rang.
他正要打开门，这时电话铃响了。
一般将来时
（1）构成：am/ is/ are+v.-ing
v.-ing形式的变化规则如下：
现在进行时
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加-ing look—looking；work—working；try—trying
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去e再加-ing have—having；face—facing；hate—hating；date—dating
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词 双写辅音字母再加-ing put—putting；swim—swimming；regret—regretting；ban—banning
以ie结尾的动词 变ie为y再加-ing lie—lying；tie—tying
（2）用法
① 由“be+v.-ing形式”构成，表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
I am filling in an application form for a new job. 我正在填申请新工作的表格。
② 表示现阶段正进行的动作或发生的事，常与these days, this week等状语连用。
We are making model planes these days. 这些天我们在做飞机模型。
③ go，come，leave，arrive等动词用于现在进行时中表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作
I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 明天我要到北京去。
④ 与always，often，constantly，forever，continually，all the time等连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往有不满、抱怨或者赞赏等感彩
He is always helping others. 他总是帮助别人。
⑤ 进行时有时可表示渐变过程
His health is improving every day. 他的健康状况每天都有好转。
现在进行时
⑥ 下面几类动词不宜用现在进行时
a. 表示情感的动词
like，love，prefer，admire，hate，fear，adore等
b. 表示心理状态的动词
hope，wish，want，need，expect，believe，think，understand，agree，know，remember等
c. 感官动词
see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等
d. 表示存在状态的动词
appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等
e. 表示短暂性、一次性动作的动词
allow，accept，remember，permit，promise，admit，complete等
现在进行时
（1）构成：has/ have +过去分词
（2）用法
① 表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在（甚至到将来），常连用的时间状语有：lately，recently，in the last (past) few days/ years，since then，up to now，so far等
I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 我在北京已经住了 10 年了。
② 表示过去发生的事情对现在产生的影响。常用的状语有：already，ever，just（刚刚），yet，before等
He has turned off the light. (=The light is off now.) 他已经关掉灯了。
③ 用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来完成时)
When you have finished your homework, you can go out to play.
当你完成作业后，就可以出去玩了。
现在完成时
④ 在“最高级＋名词”或“It/ This is+ the+序数词＋time”之后的从句中，谓语动词常用现在完成时
This is the first time (that) I have come here.这是我第一次来这里。
⑤ have gone to 意为“去某地了”， 表示此人现在还没回来
He has gone to the zoo. 他去动物园了。
⑥ have been to 意为“去过某地”， 表示此人已经回来了
Have you ever been to Shanghai 你去过上海吗？
⑦ “It has been/ is+一段时间＋since…”意为“自从……以来已有多长时间”
It has been weeks since I saw Grandma. 我已经好几个星期没有见到祖母了。
⑧ 在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句谓语用现在完成时
It is the best movie I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
现在完成时
⑨ 瞬间动词可以用于完成时态，但不可以接表示一段时间的状语
（√）He has finished his work.
（×）He has finished his work for an hour.
注意：
瞬间动词若用于现在完成时且与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，如leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow时，在肯定句中不能与for＋时间段，since＋时间点或how long等连用，需在谓语动词、时态或句型方面作相应变化
他参军3年了。
（×）He has joined the army for 3 years.
（√）He has been in the army for 3 years.（变换动词）
（√）He joined the army 3 years ago.（变换时态）
（√）It has been/is 3 years since he joined the army.（变换句型）
现在完成时
Complete the dialogue with the correct form of the words and
expressions in brackets
Dad: Adam, Sally. come here. Mum 1_________(have) something to tell you.
Adam: Coming!
Sally: Coming!
Mum: I 2_________(call) Grandma yesterday and invited her to our house this Sunday.
We 3_______________________(throw) her a big birthday party! So, we each need to choose a present.
Adam: I know — I 4_______________________(give) her a new tea set. She 5_________(like) drinking tea!
Mum: Good choice. What about you, Sally
Sally: I 6_______________(think of) making a scarf for her.
Mum: Good idea. I’m sure Grandma 7_________(love) it. Oh, 8_________ you 9_________(finish) the
guest list yet, dear
Dad: Yes, I have, and I’m working on the invitations.
Mum: OK. So we still need to prepare food and drinks. I’ll make a checklist.
has
called
will throw/are going to throw
will give / am going to give
likes
am thinking of
will love
have
finished
Look at the checklist for Grandma’s birthday party and talk about the preparations. Use as many of the tenses in Activity 1 as possible.
They have decided to throw a party to celebrate Grandma’s birthday...
They have chosen presents for grandma.
Dad drew up the guest list on Wednesday, and he is now making the invitations.
Mum will prepare food and drinks for the party on Sunday morning.
...
Read the email and answer the questions.
Now complete the passage with the words above.
1 What did Penny’s dad look like ten years ago
2 What does Penny’s mum look like now and why
3 How does Penny look different now compared to ten years ago
He was quite thin and pale. He had red, bushy hair and a square jaw.
She looks almost the same as she did ten years ago, with smooth skin and straight black hair, because jogging has kept her slim and fit.
Her hair has got longer and she wears it in a ponytail. She also has freckles on her cheeks now.
Underline the words and expressions used to describe appearances in Activity 4 and put them into the table. Add any more you can think of.
square jaw
red beard
rosy cheeks
Freckles
thick lips
round face
handsome
red bushy
grey straight
black ponytail
long curly
loose
pale
tanned
smooth
light
shallow
wrinkled
thin
well-built
slim fit
stout skinny overweight
broad-shouldered
Work in pairs and describe how your family members’ physical
appearances have changed.
My mother was / had...
Now she is / has got...
PART Ⅱ
Listening
Saying sorry to family members
Listen to the conversation and choose the feelings that the speakers express.
Alice felt sad because her mother missed her school play.
Alice’s mother felt sorry because she was too busy and forgot Alice’s school play.
They felt happy in the end because they decided to go to the countryside the next week.
Listen again and complete Alice’s journal entry.
school play
off sick
tired and pale
relax
countryside
picnic
catch up
Now talk about how Alice’s mother makes an apology. Listen again if necessary.
Transcript
Alice: [sadly] Mum, it’s me...
Mum: Alice What’s wrong You sound upset.
Alice: [sadly] I knew it...
Mum: Oh, no! I forgot, didn’t I Your concert was today, and I missed it!
Alice: It wasn’t a concert. It was the school play. And yes, you missed it.
Mum: Alice, I'm so sorry! I was really busy with work. Someone was off sick, so I had to do his work, too.
Alice: Couldn’t you have asked someone else to do it I know work is very important to you, it’s just... Everyone said I was really good in the play. I wanted you to see it, too.
Mum: I’m sorry I didn’t make it, dear. You worked so hard on your part, and I’m so proud of you. I should have been there. I promise I’ll never do it again! Can you forgive me
Transcript
Alice: It's all right. I understand you’re very busy. But you’ve worked so much recently. You need some time off to relax. I don’t like seeing you so tired and pale.
Mum: I know, dear. Perhaps next week I could take a day off, and we could go to the countryside.
Alice: [happily] That sounds wonderful! We can go camping and have a picnic in the hills.
Mum: And we can really talk and catch up!
Alice: I’d love that!
Mum: OK, I’ll talk to my manager about it. Bye for now!
Alice: Bye, Mum! Love you!
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member.
Student A: Turn to Page 106.
You’re Student B’s son / daughter. Student B asked you to teach him / her how to use a new app to take photos. You started to help but soon became very impatient. Now, you feel sorry about your behaviour. Apologise to Student B and make up.
Work in pairs. Act out the conversation to apologise to a family member.
Student B: Turn to Page 109.
You’re Student A’s father / mother. You wanted to learn how to use a new photo-taking app, so you asked Student A for help. However, he / she was very impatient. Now Student A wants to apologise to you. Accept the apology and comfort him / her.
Work in pairs. Think about another situation in which you need to make an apology and have a similar conversation.
PART Ⅲ
Language points
1.
1. responsible
responsibility n. 责任，责任心，职责
be responsible for 应对……负责
be responsible to sb. 对某人负责
bear responsibility for 对……负有责任
take the responsibility for/of doing sth. 负起对做某事的责任
例题：
Teachers are responsible ______ creating a positive learning environment for students.
for
1.
2. aim
with the aim of… 为了……
without aim 漫无目的地
take aim at sb./sth. 向某人/某事开火，批评某人/某事
aim… at… 用……瞄准/对准……
be aimed at… 旨在，目的在于
aim to do sth./aim at doing sth. 旨在做……，打算做……
例题：
The charity organization aims __________(provide) clean water for communities in need.
to provide
1.
3. observe
observe sb. do sth. 看到某人做（过）某事
observe sb. doing sth. 看到某人（正在）做某事
例题：
The teacher observed the students _________(work) together in groups, discussing the problem with great enthusiasm.
working
1.
4. range
a range of 一系列……
in/within range 在射程以内，在……范围内
beyond/out of range 在射程外，在……范围外
range from… to… 在……范围内变动
range between… and… 在……和……范围内变动
out of one’s range 某人能力达不到的
例题：
Her daily activities range _______ working in the office to volunteering at the local animal shelter.
from
PART Ⅳ
Exercise
1.
语法填空
1. In art class, students learn to improve their drawing skills by practicing careful _____________ (observe) of shapes and shadows.
2. Many countries celebrate their ________(nation) holidays with parades and fireworks.
3. As a citizen, voting in elections is both a right and a _____________(responsible).
4. We should check the equipment __________(regular) to ensure it functions safely and efficiently.
5. She wrote a detailed __________(apologise) letter to explain her actions and express regret for hurting her colleague.
observation
national
responsibility
regularly
apology
PART Ⅴ
Homework
Review what you have learned in this class.
Try to make sentences using different tenses and explain the differences between the sentences.
Homework
See You!