Unit 4 Exploring poetry Extended reading 课件(共27张PPT)译林版(2019)选修第一册

(共27张PPT)
牛津译林版高中英语学程一课件
Unit 4
ionics: where nature and technology intersect
◆ 内容分析
【What】本板块的语篇围绕单元话题，介绍了仿生学的由来、探究过程、应用成果以及未来的应用愿景，呼吁人们向大自然学习，从大自然中获取更多智慧和灵感。
【Why】本文通过对仿生学的介绍，激发我们对仿生学的兴趣，理解仿生学对人类生活的巨大影响，培养我们热爱自然、保护自然的意识。
【How】本文是一篇来自科学杂志的文章，结构清晰，观点明确。文章首段引入话题；第二段重点介绍仿生学的探究过程；第三至第五段阐述仿生学从植物和动物身上获取的灵感以及未来发展的可能性；最后一段总结仿生学这一学科的重要性。作者开篇立意：人类天生充满好奇心，对大自然（更是）充满好奇心。文章利用两个同形不同义的词，第一个意为“本性”，第二个意为“自然”，以此导入话题。文章运用大量的例子来介绍仿生学的应用，表达上力求用浅显朴实的语言说明复杂抽象的内容，使文本内容更易理解。文章最后一段和第一段最后一句呼应，突出探究自然和仿生学研究的必要性和迫切性。
◆ 教学目标
By the end of this section, we will be able to:
1. identify the structure of the science magazine article;
2. write a summary of the science magazine article;
3. analyse the language features of the science magazine article;
4. grasp the writing technique of using examples in the article;
5. raise awareness of loving and protecting nature.
Bionics: where nature and technology intersect
Humans are curious by nature, and about nature. △Perfected over billions of years,nature’s forms and functions have inspired us to imitate it and develop materials and technologies that improve our lives. Consequently, a science known as “bionics” was born.
人类天生充满好奇心，对大自然（更是）充满好奇心。经过几十亿年的日臻完善，大自然的形态和功能激励我们去模仿它，开发出改善我们生活的材料和技术。因此，一门称之为“仿生学”的科学诞生了。
na·ture / ne t (r)/ 天性;本性;性格;自然界;大自然
per·fect /p fekt/ vt. 使完善；使完美；使完备
Although the term “bionics” officially dates back to 1958, the practice is centuries old. It could be said that as far back as 2,500 years ago, Lu Ban, a carpenter in ancient China, was engaged in bionics when he produced a saw by copying the shape of a leaf’s sharp teeth. Currently, bionics has scientists eagerly combing the natural world for original ideas to stimulate their creativity.据说早在 2500 年前，古代中国的木匠鲁班就开始从事仿生学，当时他通过模仿树叶锋利的齿状制造了一把锯子。目前，仿生学促使科学家热切地在自然界中寻找有创意的想法，激发他们的创造力。
have sb. doing sth. 使作出(某种反应)
comb (through) sth (for sb/sth)仔细搜索；搜寻
The idea of taking inspiration from nature may sound simple; however, scientists often need to go to great lengths to effectively combine nature and innovation. Firstly, they must observe a living organism with the potential for offering solutions to a particular human problem. 从大自然中汲取灵感的想法可能听起来很简单；然而，科学家经常需要不遗余力地将自然和创新有效地结合起来。首先，他们必须观察有可能为某一特定人类问题提供解决方案的生物。
take/draw inspiration from sth. 从...中汲取灵感
go to great/some/any lengths to do sth.竭尽全力；不遗余力
Secondly, during observation and data analysis, scientists should try to identify nature’s own solutions, which may be used in design and engineering.Thirdly, further exploration is required to determine how the natural solution will fit in with human needs.其次，在观察和数据分析过程中，科学家要努力发现自然自身的解决方案，这些方案可能被应用到设计和工程中。第三，科学家需要进一步探索，确定自然的解决方案如何与人类需求相适应。
ob·ser·va·tion / bz ve n/ 观察；观测；监视
an·aly·sis / n l s s/(pl. an·aly·ses/ si z/(对事物的)分析,分析结果
engineering/ nd n r /工程; 工程学
Finally, they need to decide whether the solution can be recreated to develop a new product or perhaps improve an existing one, and how this can be achieved. This process may have to be performed several times and it may take scientists years of trial and error to perfect the product.
最后，他们需要决定是否可以再现该解决方案，以开发新产品或有可能改进现有产品，以及如何实现这一点。这一过程可能不得不操作好几次，科学家可能需要多年的反复试验才能完善产品。
re·create / ri kri e t/ vt.再现;再创造;重建
ex·ist·ing / ɡ z st / adj. 现存的；现行的
trial and error反复试验；不断摸索
Once scientists bridge the gap between nature and innovation, a path opens up to many novel ideas. One idea grew from observing the sunflower’s spiral seed pattern,
which is not just eye-catching, but also intelligent. The seeds grow at the “golden angle” of 137.5°, ensuring all of them receive sunlight. 一旦科学家跨越了自然和创新之间的鸿沟，就打开了一条通往许多新奇想法的道路。一个想法源自观察向日葵螺旋形的种子图案，这种图案不仅好看，还很聪明。种子都以 137.5°的“黄金角度”排列，确保所有种子都能接受到阳光照射。
bridge the gap (between A and B)消除...隔阂,克服 (障碍); 结合 (极为不同的两者)
grow fom/out of sth.(观点或计划等) 产生于
eye-catching惹人注意的；引人注目的
To capture maximum sunlight,the sunflower’s face also follows the sun’s path. As capturing sunlight is the purpose of solar power plants, it is not surprising that engineers have decided to imitate the sunflower’s natural solutions. Solar mirrors are arranged to copy the spiral seed pattern
and positioned at the same “golden angle”. 为了最大限度地获得光照，向日葵的花盘也随着太阳的轨迹而转向。由于太阳能发电厂的目的就是要获得阳光，所以毫不奇怪，工程师决定模仿向日葵的自然的解决方案。阳光反射镜模仿螺旋形的种子图案而排列，并安装在相同的“黄金角度”处。
path路线; 轨道 power plant/station发电站
pos·ition /p z n/ 安装；安置；使处于
The mirrors are also programmed to follow the sun. Hence the solar power plant functions exactly like a sunflower. The solar power plant is also eco-friendly, requiring less land to build on and less energy to operate.镜子也被设定为随着太阳而转向，因此太阳能发电厂完全像向日葵一样运行。太阳能发电厂也是环保的，需要用于建设的土地和用于运行的能源更少。
pro·gramme / pr ɡr m/预调;预设; ~ sth (for sth)计划;规划;安排;训练;培养
eco-friendly对环境无害的；环保的
△Equally exciting are the diverse possibilities provided by the animal kingdom. For example, research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of butterfly has led to
innovative technologies since scientists uncovered the secret behind their bright colour.
动物王国提供的各种可能性也同样令人激动。例如，在科学家发现了蝴蝶翅膀颜色鲜艳背后的秘密后，针对一种蝴蝶的湛蓝翅膀的研究带来了创新技术。
bril·liant / br li nt/ (光线或色彩 ) 明亮的;鲜艳的;巧妙的;使人印象深的;很成功的;聪颖的;技艺高的;很好的;杰出的
The wings of these butterflies are covered with tiny diamond-
shaped structures that interact with light, causing some colour wavelengths to be cancelled out while intensifying and reflecting others. Inspired, scientists have recreated these microstructures that can be inset into legal documents and banknotes and produce a unique visual effect almost impossible to copy.这些蝴蝶的翅膀上覆盖着微小的菱形结构，这些结构与光相互作用，使一些颜色的波长被抵消，而增强和反射其他颜色的波长。受此启发，科学家再现了这些微结构，将其嵌入到法律文件和纸币中，获得一种几乎不可能复制的独特的视觉效果。
microstructure/ ma kr str kt /微观结构
inset A (with B)/B (into A) / nset/ 嵌入，插入（作为装饰等）
produce引起；导致；使产生
A better understanding of the butterfly’s vividly coloured
wings has also led scientists to develop paints without using harmful substances, which not only last longer but are also more eco-friendly.
进一步了解蝴蝶的色彩鲜艳的翅膀，还使得科学家研发出不使用有害物质的涂料，这种涂料不仅使用寿命更长，而且更加环保。
vividly(光、颜色等 ) 鲜明地；耀眼地；鲜艳地；强烈地
paint /pe nt/ [ U]油漆,油漆涂层,涂料;
paints[ pl.]绘画颜料
As we continue to study and appreciate the wonder of nature, it is certain that our future will see many more fascinating technological innovations. Bionics is set to move forward quickly with potential growth in the areas of vision, hearing, artificial limbs and wearable robotics. 随着我们继续研究和欣赏大自然的神奇，我们的未来会有许许多多不可思议的技术创新。仿生学要迅速向前发展，可能发展的领域有视觉、听觉、假肢以及可穿戴机器人科学。
be set for sth/ to do sth有可能的；做好准备的
wear·able / we r bl/ (衣服等 ) 穿戴舒适的;可穿戴的;适于穿戴的
ro·bot·ics /r b t ks/ 机器人科学（或技术）
For example, inspired by the incredibly strong exoskeleton
of insects, scientists and engineers are now building robotic suits. When worn, these exoskeletons can greatly improve the mobility, strength and load-bearing capabilities of the wearer. 例如，受非常坚固的昆虫外骨骼启发，科学家和工程师现在正在建造机器人外套。当穿在人体上，这些外骨骼可以大大改善穿戴者的移动性、力量和承载力。
ro·bot·ic /r b t k/ 机器人的;像机器人的;呆板机械的
load-bearing承重的;承载的
wear·er / we r (r)/ 穿戴者;佩戴人;常穿戴…的人
However, what we are witnessing today is just the tip of the iceberg. Once such obstacles as power supply, weight and range of motion are overcome, exoskeletons will have even wider applications. Indeed, a real-life Iron Man could be waiting for us in the future!
然而，今天我们见证的只是冰山一角。一旦电源、重量和活动范围这样的障碍得到排除，外骨骼会有更广泛的应用。事实上，现实生活中的钢铁侠或许就在未来等着我们！
mo·tion / m n/ 运动；移动；动
real- life真实的；实际发生的；现实生活中的
With such rapid advancements being made in bionics, we have come to realize how clever nature is and how much it can show us. As we work hard to make life better for
everyone, it is possible that nature has the answers to our most urgent questions, and all we have to do is look for them. △Nature not only provides our lives with a scenic
backdrop, it could also prove to be our greatest teacher!随着仿生学取得如此迅速的进展，我们已经逐渐认识到大自然是多么的聪明，它能向我们展示多少东西。当我们努力为每个人创造更好的生活时，大自然有可能为我们最迫切的问题提供答案，而我们所要做的就是寻找它们。大自然不仅为我们的生活提供了风景优美的背景，它也证明是我们最伟大的老师！
A.Divide the article into different sections and summarize the main idea of each section.Explain your reasons for dividing the article in this way.
Section 1 (Para. 1):
Bionics is a science inspired by nature with a long history.
Section 2 (Para. 2):
Scientists generally go through various stages to apply it successfully.
Section 3 (Paras. 3–5):
Scientists have come up with many novel applications inspired by nature and they will develop more in the future.
Section 4 (Para. 6):
The field of bionics has enabled us to realize the
importance of nature.
I divide the article into these sections for the following reasons. The first paragraph provides a general introduction to bionics, while the second paragraph explains the process of turning a natural solution into a human innovation. Paragraphs 3 to 5 provide detailed examples of bionic technologies currently in use and possible future trends. The last paragraph summarizes thoughts about bionics, especially the benefits nature provides for humans.
B.What examples of bionics can you think of that have improved our lives
I know of the popular hook and loop fastening system that is used on clothing, shoes, bags and many other products. I have it on my backpack, and opening my bag is quick and easy. It was inspired by a certain plant. Its seeds use hooks to strongly attach themselves to anything that closely passes by.我知道流行的钩和环紧固系统，用于服装，鞋子，袋子和许多其他产品。我把它放在我的背包上，打开我的包又快又容易。灵感来自于一种植物。它的种子用钩子紧紧地附着在任何靠近的东西上。
fas·ten / fɑ sn/ 使牢固;使固定;(使两部分)系牢,扎牢,结牢,扣紧
pass by (sb/sth)通过；经过（…旁边）
I know how electric fish led to the invention of the first electric battery. In the early 19th century, scientists were interested in understanding how the fish generated
electricity and started to study the flow of electric currents. After much research,they realized that using metal connections caused an electric current to flow. One
scientist was successful and invented the first electric battery. The invention of the electric battery has helped the development of mankind enormously. Without it, our
world would be a very different one.
C.Think of something amazing in nature. How can it inspire an innovation that will benefit us
Green plants transform light energy into chemical energy. During this process, they capture the sunlight and use it to break down water into hydrogen and oxygen in their leaves. We could create bionic leaves that copy this process to produce energy.The bionic leaves would be placed in water, and with sunlight shining on them, the released hydrogen can be captured and stored.
Recreating this process could provide us with a sustainable source of hydrogen. As an eco-friendly power option,
it could help tackle such problems as global warming.
Write a summary of the science magazine article in no more than 100 words.
Bionics is a science of taking inspiration from nature, which effectively combines nature and innovation to improve our lives.
Over billions of years, humans have been inspired to imitate nature’s forms and functions owing to our curiosity.Though the process is not so simple, scientists have succeeded in studying and taking advantage of nature to develop materials and technologies. It is certain that our future will see many more fascinating partnerships between the natural world and the technological one because of advancements in bionics. Therefore, nature not only provides our lives with a scenic backdrop, it could also prove to be our greatest teacher.