2026届高考英语二轮复习：词义猜测解题技巧 课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
课程名称: 阅读理解解题技巧之词义猜测题
教材版本：新人教版（2019） 学段学科: 英语一轮复习 年级学期:高三上
阅读理解解题技巧
之词义猜测题
What do you usually do when encountering new words
skip them.
look the up with a dictionary or a dictionary pen.
guess the meanings.
高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求:
要求考生读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：
01
02
03
04
05
06
理解主旨要义；
理解文中具体信息；
根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；
做出判断和推理；
理解文章的基本结构
理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情
2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2025新课标I卷 6 1 6 2
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
Give it a shot!
1. a fat cat
肥猫
2. when pigs fly
当猪飞起来
1. Lucy married a man who owns a big company and has millions of dollars. He is really a fat cat.
2. Peter is very lazy and he never does his homework. He can go to a university when pigs fly.
a rich man
impossible
Let’s try again!
Skills
How can we guess the meaning of unknown words or phrases
Pantomime refers to a short play(戏剧) in which no words are spoken.
01
1
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——下定义
Direct definition 直接下定义：mean, refers to, namely 等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way 引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。
n. 哑剧
Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
02
1
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——同位语
n. 语义学
Appositive同位语：同位语是对其前的内容进行解释说明。
He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
03
1
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——定语从句
n. 变戏法的人
Attributive clause定语从句：定语从句修饰和限定了先行词的内容和范畴。
You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News weekly, Reader’s Digest，The New Yorker’s.
04
1
解释说明法猜词义 Explanation ——标点符号
n. 期刊
Punctuation marks标点符号：冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号，可表示解释说明。
【考例1】（2023新课标I卷第29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
Which sentence gives us an explanation
【考例2】（2022全国乙卷第29题）
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
Which sentence gives us an explanation
健谈的，爱说话的
Mr. Green loves to talk and his brothers are similarily loquacious.
01
I tried hard not to make mistakes, but I slipped up.
02
Andrew is the most supercilious person I know. His brother, in contrast, is quite humble and modest.
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逻辑关系猜词义Logic
adj. 健谈的
出差错，疏忽
adj. 傲慢的，高傲的
【考例1】 (2023全国甲卷第26题)
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
What logic relation is shown by the author
对比关系
【考例2】 (2020年新高考全国I卷第33题)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, its the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to？
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
What logic relation is shown by the author
反义关系
【考例3】 (2024新课标I卷第28题)
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
What logic relation is shown by the author
同义关系
Overwork may cause diseases.
01
Dont’t let your personal feelings cloud your judgement.
02
When he reached the place with his army, he found a impassable river in front of him.
03
3
构词法猜词义Word Formation
n. 过度工作
v. 模糊
adj. 无法通行的，无法通过的
合成法
compounding
转化法
conversion
派生法
derivation
【考例1】（2016全国II卷第27题）
Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”
27.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
Can you get the meaning based on word formation
合成法
【考例2】 (2019全国II卷第25题)
I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I’ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
Can you get the meaning based on word formation
合成法
Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.
01
4
生活常识猜词义Common Sense
beak n. 鸟喙
claw n. 爪；螯，钳
【考例1】（2018年全国III卷第32题）
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
32. what does the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A. The more, the better B. Enough is enough
C. More money, more worries D. Earn more and spend more
What common sense do you know about kids’ belongings
【考例2】（2020江苏卷第61题）
For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
What common sense do you know about breakfast and exercise
He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had a very bad accident.
01
5
语境法猜词义Context
v.理解，明白
【考例1】 (2023全国甲卷第24题)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
Which sentence is related to the underlined word
【考例2】 (2022新高考II卷第24题)
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
Which sentence is related to the underlined word
【考例3】 (2019年全国I卷25题)
But he’s nervous. “I’m here to tell you today why you should…should…” Chris trips on the “-ld,” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “…Vote for …me…” Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
25. What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners.
C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
Which sentence is related to the underlined word
Group work: design a question about word guessing.
Work in groups and present your question on the blackboard.
Provide 4 possible choices.
Give explanations about the right answers and the strategies you used.
Thanks