Unit 1 The Mass Media Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选修二
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| 名称 | Unit 1 The Mass Media Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选修二 |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 68.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-06 00:00:00 | ||
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年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U1 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills
【同步语法梳理】 一、构成 肯定句：主语+had+done 否定句：主语+had not +done... 一般疑问句：Had +主语+done... 特殊疑问句：疑问词+had+(主语+)done... 二、用法 1、表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或者完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用by,before等引导的时间状语从句连用。 They had constructed a new bridge in the valley by the end of last month. The captain had checked all the equipment before the ship set sail. By the end of last month,we had finished half of the project. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作，常与for，since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for five years. He said he had made great progress since he came here. 3、表示过去未实现的计划或者愿望，常用的动词有：hope,expect,suppose,think,want,intend,mean,plan等。 He had wanted to help you but he had no time then. I had never thought that you were willing to help me. 4、用于“This/It was the first/second...time that...”“It was +一段时间+since从句”“This was the+形容词最高级+名词+从句”等句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he had organized such an adventure trip. It was five months since he had returned. This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 5、在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...等结构中，主句一般使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词hardly,scarcely,no sooner位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。 Hardly had I finished the work when the light went out. No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research. 6、在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的宾语从句中，用过去完成时。 He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai. 7、在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If you had helped me,I would have got a high score. 三、重难点提示 1、过去完成时和现在完成时的区别 过去完成时和现在完成时，都可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week，fort three years,for a long time。 但现在完成时表示在过去开始并延续到现在的动作，句中不能有明确的过去时间状语。 而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间开始并延续到过去某个时间的动作，句中含有表示截止到过去的时间状语。 比较：She has been ill for a week. She had been ill for a week before she came back. Everything has gone well up to now. Everything had gone well up to that time. 2、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，尤其是before和after,as soon as引导的从句，它们已经表明了主句和从句谓语动词发生的先后，所以在先的那个动作可以不用过去完成时。 I (had) closed the window before he left the room. After he (had) left the classroom,the teacher came in. 3、ago和before ago指以现在为起点的一段时间以前，谓语动词用一般过去时；before指以过去为起点的一段时间以前，谓语动词往往使用过去完成时。 四. 总结 1、主语+过去完成时 + ① when引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式) + ② by短语 + ③ by the time引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式） + ④ before引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）例如 2、特殊句式 1. 主语+had+hardly(scarcely)+过去分词+when(before)+主语十一般过去时。 2. 主语+had+no sooner+过去分词+than十主语十一般过去时 3、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。 4、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。 常用动词：hope,think, expect,intend,mean,suppose,want等。 例如：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。 5、It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。 【同步知识梳理】 citizen n. 公民；市民，居民 She's Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen. 她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民 found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 (近义词 establish) In1878，he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post Dispatch. 1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》。 常见搭配： be founded on建立在…基础上(其近义词组为 be based on) Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
词形拓展：(1) foundation 地基: 基础，根据 lay a ( firm/solid) foundation for 为…打下(坚实的)基础 (2) founder /[C]创办者，发起人 politics n. 政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见 a major figure in British politics 英国政坛的风云人物 He's thinking of going into politics. 他打算步入政坛。 Politics is his main subject at university. 他在大学主修政治。 His politics are extreme. 他的政治观点偏激。 注：politics单复数同行形，指政治学、政治制度时视为单数，指政治见解时常用复数。 词形拓展：political adj. 政治的，政治上的 politician n. 政治家，政客 policy n. 政策 accuse vt. 谴责，控诉 His paper published articles about politics and social issues，accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，遗责政府官员满口谎言和富人税。 常见搭配： accuse sb.of( doing)sth.指责/控告某人(做了)某事 （be accused of=be charged with） She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎。 The government was accused of incompetence. 政府被指责无能。 归纳拓展：表示“控告或”指责”的其他短语 charge sb.wih( doing)sth.控告/指责某人(做了)某事 blame sb.for (doing) sth责怪/指责某人(做了)某事 词形拓展：accusation n. accusing adj. 谴责的，指责的 an accusing look 谴责的目光 accusingly adv. accusatory adj. 谴责的，指责的 accused adj. 被控告的 the accused 被告 tax n. 税，税款vt. 对…征税，使纳税 to raise/cut taxes 增加╱削减税收 to pay over ￡1 000 in tax 缴纳1 000多英镑的税款 profits before/after tax 税前╱税后利润 a tax on cigarettes 香烟税 His declared aim was to tax the rich. 他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。 The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nation's experts. 目前这个问题使得全国的专家大伤脑筋。 短语：tax sb with sth （就某事）指责，责备，谴责… I taxed him with avoiding his responsibility as a parent. 我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。 mount vi. 逐步增加vt. 攀登，爬上n. 山 Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law. 迫使政府修改法律的压力不断增加。 He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 他登上讲台对人群发表演说。 He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了。 mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up. 同时，我的债务在不断增加。 *elevation n. 提高；提升；海拔 词形拓展：elevate v. elevate sb to sth 提升某人到什么位置（promote） elevator n. 电梯；谷仓，粮仓； 8．profession n. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明 enter/go into/join a profession 从事╱加入╱参加一个行业 He was an electrician by profession . 他的职业是电工 词形拓展：professional adj. 职业的，专业的； n. 专业人士， 职业选手 a professional tennis player 职业网球运动员 There will be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.对卫生保健专业人员的需求会上升。 drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件(7) un. 戏剧艺术，戏剧文学 stage a drama 上演一出戏 There is a really good drama. 有一出真正的好戏。 A drama school 戏剧学校 a drama documentary 纪实片 词形拓展：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；突然的；给人印象深刻的 the dramatic arts 戏剧艺术 a dramatic increase 剧增 a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利 dramatically adv. 突然地；戏剧性地； 引人注目地 scholarship n. 奖学金；学术 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 词形拓展：scholar n. 学者 a history scholar 研究历史的学者 category n. 类别，种类 Literature can be divided into two categories:fiction and non-fiction. 文学可以分为两类：小说和纪实文学。 nevertheless adv. 尽管如此 There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。 Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人失望。 witness vt. & vi. 是发生…的时间（或地点），见证；目击；作证；是…的迹象n. 目击者，见证人；证人 Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。 Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。 There has been increasing interest in her life and work, as witnessed by the publication of two new biographies. 从两部新传记的出版可以看出，人们对她的生活和工作越来越感兴趣。 We have a witness to the killing. 我们有一位这起杀人案的目击者。 These facts are a witness to his ignorance. 这些事证明了他的无知。 短语： be witnessed by 被...见证 be a witness to sth 是...的见证者 edition n. 版本；一份，一期；版次 a limited edition 限量版 the first edition 初版 词形拓展：edit v. 编辑，剪辑 editor n. 编辑，剪辑者 a chief editor 主编 editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的； n. 社论 platform n. 平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台 16．spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 spring v.跳，跃，蹦；突然猛烈地移动；突然出现（或来到） Everyone sprang to their feet when the principal walked in. 校长进来时，所有的人都立刻站了起来。 The branch sprang back and hit him in the face. 树枝弹回来打在他脸上。 Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。 The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India. 写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。 n. 春天；泉水；弹簧；跳，跃 17．interaction n. 互动；互相作用 interaction with ...之间的互动 词形拓展：interact v. 交流，沟通 interact with ... 与...相互交流 interactive adj. 合作的，互相影响的 18．membership n. （统称）会员，会员人数；会员资格 19．chart n. 图表；海图；（the charts）排行榜 20．broadcast n. 广播节目，电视节目vi. & vt.(broadcast, broadcast) 播送，广播；散布，传播 I missed the live broadcast of the Olympics. 我没赶上奥运会的直播。 The interview was broadcast live across the country.这次采访向全国现场直播。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. His newly written novel _____________________ (translate)into English by the end of last month. 2. I _____________________ (plan)to take a French course last summer, but I changed the plan later. 3. It is the first time that we _____________________ (talk)about this issue face to face. 4. It was the tenth time that the Chinese women’s volleyball team _____________________ (claim)the world championship. 5. She found that the house in the area _____________________ (destroy)by the storm. 6. They _____________________ (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 7. The band _____________________ (go)on tour to promote their new album. 8. It _____________________ (rain)heavily in the last few days and mountain torrents may become a danger at any moment. We must be prepared. 9. Silk _____________________ (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 二、用过去完成时完成句子 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 我醒来时雨已停了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 我们本来希望能来看看你。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他刚到就又走了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 单词拼写 1. We do still need the human touch or the human _____________(互动), particularly when people are depressed. 2. The police have issued an appeal for _____________(目击证人). 3. Burning with _____________(好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 4. Who is qualified to apply for _____________(成员资格) of the association 5. He dealt with the problem in a highly _____________ (专业的)way. 6. I’ve not been _____________ (指控)of before, no one has ever called me selfish. 7. The concert will be _____________ (播送)live tomorrow evening. 8. In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to _____________ (增加)up. 9. New theatres and arts centres _____________ (涌出)up all over the country. 10. The next _____________(版本) of the book is projected for publication in March. 【答案】 一、1. His newly written novel had been translated (translate)into English by the end of last month. 2. I planned (plan)to take a French course last summer, but I changed the plan later. 3. It is the first time that we have talked (talk)about this issue face to face. 4. It was the tenth time that the Chinese women’s volleyball team had claimed (claim)the world championship. 5. She found that the house in the area had been destroyed (destroy)by the storm. 6. They had planted (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 7. The band has gone (go)on tour to promote their new album. 8. It has been raining (rain)heavily in the last few days and mountain torrents may become a danger at any moment. We must be prepared. 9. Silk had become (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 二、By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 三、1. We do still need the human touch or the human interaction(互动), particularly when people are depressed. 2. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses(目击证人). 3. Burning with curiosity(好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 4. Who is qualified to apply for membership(成员资格) of the association 5. He dealt with the problem in a highly professional (专业的)way. 6. I’ve not been accused (指控)of before, no one has ever called me selfish. 7. The concert will be broadcast (播送)live tomorrow evening. 8. In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to mount (增加)up. 9. New theatres and arts centres sprang (涌出)up all over the country. 10. The next edition(版本) of the book is projected for publication in March. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 The Adoption Option Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion. _____1_____ An affordable choice. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred and “designer” crossbred dogs and cats, but rescue pets have a lot going for them and can be more affordable to purchase. Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. _____2_____ Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available. _____3_____ And there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. They will already be desexed, microchipped and vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. Most importantly what you see is what you get — a young animal’s behavior may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behavior should be evident, so no surprises. _____4_____ You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. A behavioral trainer will assess the temperament(脾气) of every dog and cat before they’re put up for adoption. The staff should ask you lots of questions about your lifestyle so they can advise which dogs and cats will best suit your family. Ongoing behavior and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t work out. There’s something else to keep in mind. _____5_____ For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider. A. Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source. B. But shelters have a wide range of pets for you to choose from. C. Thus, some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed. D. Similar to many things, the price of owning a pet has been increasing. E. There are lots of online searches for possible pet adopters to choose an ideal pet. F. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle. G. You should take into account the amount of exercise your pet will need. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了领养宠物的建议和需要注意的事项。 【16题详解】 上文“Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion.(收养宠物正迅速成为许多想增加动物伴侣的人的首选。)”讲述了收养宠物越来越受欢迎，空处应承接上文，讲述收养宠物的渠道，E项“有很多在线搜索，让可能收养宠物的人能够选择一只理想的宠物。”符合题意。故选E。 【17题详解】 上文“Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. (无家可归的动物可以成为很好的宠物。)”和“There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.(主人可能需要为他们的宠物找新家有很多原因——离婚、缺乏合适的住所，或者照顾狗需要花费时间和金钱。)”讲述了无家可归的动物需要找新家的原因，C项“因此，一些狗和猫丢失了，没有被确认身份，也从未被认领。”对上文进行总结，离婚等因素让一些宠物丢失，变得无家可归。故选C。 【18题详解】 上文“Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available.(成年动物有好处。一般来说，如果你决定从繁育者那里购买宠物，只有非常小的动物可以买到。)”建议领养成年动物，并讲述了在繁育者那里只能买到年幼的动物，所以空处应与前句形成转折，讲述在收容所可以有更多选择，B项“但是收容所有很多宠物供你选择。”符合题意。故选B。 【19题详解】 结合上下文可知，空处是本段主旨句。后文“You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. (你应该只从信誉良好的收容所或救援组织领养狗或猫。)”讲述了要从可靠的渠道去领养宠物，A项“从可靠的来源中选择合适的动物。”符合题意。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文“There’s something else to keep in mind.(还有一些其他事情需要记住。)”讲述了还要注意一些其他的事情。后文“For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider.(例如，你需要仔细考虑如何照顾它——适当管理救援动物有很多责任。花费、必要的空间和家里人的年龄也是你应该考虑的重要因素。)”讲述了需要考虑照顾方式、花费、空间、家人年龄等因素，所以空处应是讲领养宠物时需要考虑对自己来说该宠物是否合适。F项“对你来说，只选择一只适合你生活方式的宠物是很重要的。”符合题意。故选F。 二、完形填空 Traveling with a toddler (幼儿) can be exhausting. But rarely is it as painful as Kate Baker’s experience during a flight twenty years ago. Baker and her husband, Bob, were____1____ to Europe with their 2-year-old son, Neil. “When we got on the plane in New York, all of us were ____2____ ,” she said. “But halfway over the Atlantic Ocean, Neil started to get very warm.” Then Neil began foaming (口吐白沫) at the mouth. “The flight attendants were ____3____ in asking anyone if they were a doctor,” Baker ____4____ . “No one would come forward. And then the pilot started to____5____ , ‘Is there a doctor on board ’ And again, no one came forward.” One of the flight attendants asked Baker’s husband if the toddler was still breathing. “Just ____6____ ,” he replied anxiously. “Hearing those words, I felt so ____7____ that I couldn’t move,” Baker said. Then she noticed three women get out of their seats and ____8____ where she was standing. They were Muslim women wearing hijabs (头巾), and they came up to her and put their____9____ around her, comforting her in a quite ____10____ voice. They eventually landed in Amsterdam, and Baker and her husband took Neil to a(n) ____11____. Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him, and by then he appeared to be ____12____. However, Baker still felt worried and they quickly ____13____ another flight home. They went right to a pediatrician (儿科医生), who ____14____ that Neil had just had an ear infection. So everything was fine. But Baker would never forget those women and how ____15____ they were. 1. A. returning B. heading C. moving D. tending 2. A. healthy B. fortunate C. wealthy D. content 3. A. lost B. interested C. occupied D. trapped 4. A. repeated B. responded C. reacted D. recalled 5. A. ensure B. announce C. acquire D. recommend 6. A. barely B. commonly C. extremely D. ordinarily 7. A. frightened B. excited C. confused D. embarrassed 8. A. arranged B. prayed C. approached D. recorded 9. A. legs B. coats C. scarves D. arms 10. A. low B. gentle C. pleasant D. annoyed 11. A. airport B. destination C. office D. clinic 12. A. kind B. nice C. good D. fine 13. A. cancelled B. offered C. booked D. considered 14. A. blamed B. discovered C. appreciated D. hesitated 15. A. supportive B. adventurous C. doubtful D. critical 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。贝克和丈夫鲍勃带着两岁的儿子尼尔在前往欧洲的飞机上，却发现尼尔开始发热吐白沫，飞机上没有医生，贝克和丈夫焦急万分，这时三个穆斯林女人过来安慰贝克，这让贝克万分感激，最后医生诊断出尼尔只是耳部感染。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝克和丈夫鲍勃带着两岁的儿子尼尔正前往欧洲。A. returning返回；B. heading前往；C. moving移动；D. tending倾向于。根据前文“Traveling with a toddler (幼儿) can be exhausting.(带着蹒跚学步的孩子旅行可能会让人筋疲力尽)”可知，此处是指正前往欧洲。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我们在纽约登上飞机时，我们都很健康。”她说。A. healthy健康的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. wealthy富有的；D. content满足的。根据后文““But halfway over the Atlantic Ocean, Neil started to get very warm.” Then Neil began foaming (口吐白沫) at the mouth.(“但是在大西洋的中途，尼尔开始发烧。”然后尼尔开始口吐白沫)”可知，此处是指在登机时很健康。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生，”贝克回忆说。A. lost迷失的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. occupied忙碌的；D. trapped受困的。根据“in asking anyone if they were a doctor”可知，此处是指空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生，”贝克回忆说。A. repeated重复；B. responded回应；C. reacted反应；D. recalled回忆。根据“The flight attendants were occupied in asking anyone if they were a doctor”可知，此处是指贝克回忆说。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后飞行员开始广播：“飞机上有医生吗？”A. ensure保证；B. announce（尤指通过广播）通知；C. acquire获得；D. recommend推荐。根据the pilot和“Is there a doctor on board ”可知，此处是指飞行员开始广播。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“勉强吧，”他焦急地回答。A. barely勉强才能；B. commonly普遍地；C. extremely极度；D. ordinarily通常地。根据“he replied anxiously”可知，此处是指勉强能呼吸。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“听到这些话，我吓得动弹不得，”贝克说。A. frightened害怕的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“I couldn’t move”可知，此处是指贝克很害怕。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她注意到三个女人从座位上站起来，走近她站着的地方。A. arranged安排；B. prayed祈祷；C. approached靠近；D. recorded记录。根据“where she was standing”可知，此处是指走近她站着的地方。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们是戴着头巾的穆斯林妇女，她们走到她身边，用双臂抱住她，用非常温柔的声音安慰她。A. legs腿；B. coats外套；C. scarves围巾；D. arms手臂。根据“comforting her”可知，此处是指用双臂抱住她。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们是戴着头巾的穆斯林妇女，她们走到她身边，用双臂抱住她，用非常温柔的声音安慰她。A. low低的；B. gentle温柔的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“comforting her”可知，此处是指用非常温柔的声音。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们最终降落在阿姆斯特丹，贝克和她的丈夫带尼尔去了一家诊所。A. airport机场；B. destination目的地；C. office办公室；D. clinic诊所。根据后文“Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him(医生没发现他有什么毛病)”可知，此处是指带尼尔去了一家诊所。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生没有发现他有什么问题，到那时为止他看起来很好。A. kind友好的；B. nice美好的；C. good好的；D. fine健康的，身体好的。根据“Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him”可知，此处是指到诊所的时候他看起来很好，很健康。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，贝克仍然感到担心，他们很快又订了另一班飞机回家。A. cancelled取消；B. offered提供；C. booked预订；D. considered考虑。根据“another flight home”和“However, Baker still felt worried”可知，此处是指又订了另一班飞机回家。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们直接去看了儿科医生，医生发现尼尔只是耳朵感染了。A. blamed责备；B. discovered发现；C. appreciated欣赏；D. hesitated犹豫。根据“that Neil had just had an ear infection”可知，此处是指医生发现尼尔只是耳朵感染了。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但贝克永远不会忘记那些女人，以及她们对她的帮助。A. supportive支持的，拥护的，给予帮助的；B. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；C. doubtful怀疑的，不确定的；D. critical批判的，爱挑剔的。根据“Baker would never forget those women”和前文“They were Muslim women wearing hijabs (头巾), and they came up to her and put their arms around her, comforting her in a quite gentle voice.”可知，此处是指不会忘记那些女人对她的帮助。故选A。 三、语法填空 The Palace Museum’s clock collection, more than 1,500 in number, is arguably one of the most breathtaking clock preservations worldwide. ____1____ (make) between the 18th century and the 20th century, some were crafted in Britain, France and Switzerland, some were from the Clock Worship of the Qing Palace, the others were ____1____ mixture of both the East and the West. The ____3____ (major) of British clocks feature bronze cases inlaid with splendidly colorful jewels. They are diverse ____4____ form, recreating all kinds of architecture and natural sights, and often include automatic ____5____ (decorate) such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds. These clocks represent the highest level of craftsmanship in Britain. Most of the French clocks here are the products of the early 20th century. Whether in terms of theme ____6____ decorative style, the French clocks in the collection have a style of ____7____ (they) own, and deserve their place in history. The Swiss timepieces ____8____ (most) comprise small, unconventionally shaped desk clocks and delicate pocket watches. They were specially made ____9____ (suit) the tastes of Chinese customers. Clocks may turn back in time, but humans may never dream of doing so. Today, the Palace Museum _____10_____ (aim) to carry on this touching tale of “time” as guardians of this traditional craftsmanship. 【答案】36. Made 37. a 38. majority 39. in 40. decorations 41. or 42. their 43. mostly 44. to suit 45. aims 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院的钟表收藏超过1500件，可以说是世界上保存钟表最令人惊叹的地方之一。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：制作于18世纪至20世纪之间，有的是英国、法国和瑞士的手工制作，有的是来自清宫的钟祭，还有的则是东西方的混合。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词make与逻辑主语some构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Made。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：制作于18世纪至20世纪之间，有的是英国、法国和瑞士的手工制作，有的是来自清宫的钟祭，还有的则是东西方的混合。表示“……的混合”短语为a mixture of。故填a。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：大多数英国钟表的特点是青铜外壳上镶嵌着华美的珠宝。表示“大多数”短语为the majority of。故填majority。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：它们的形式多种多样，再现了各种建筑和自然景观，通常还包括喷泉、活动人物、船只和鸟类等自动装饰。表示“在……中有差异”短语为be diverse in。故填in。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们的形式多种多样，再现了各种建筑和自然景观，通常还包括喷泉、活动人物、船只和鸟类等自动装饰。作宾语，应用名词decoration，结合后文such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds可知为复数。故填decorations。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论是主题还是装饰风格，藏品中的法国钟表都有自己的风格，在历史上占有一席之地。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。故填or。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：无论是主题还是装饰风格，藏品中的法国钟表都有自己的风格，在历史上占有一席之地。表示“属于某人自己的”短语为of one’s own，结合上文the French clocks可知应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：瑞士钟表主要由小巧别致的台式钟表和精致的怀表组成。修饰动词comprise应用副词mostly作状语，故填mostly。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是专门为满足中国顾客的口味而制作的。be made to do sth.，意思：被要求做某事，它是make sb. do sth.的被动式（主动式省to），suit应用不定式形式。故填to suit。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：今天，故宫博物院的目标是将这个感人的“时间”故事作为这一传统工艺的守护者传承下去。结合Today，此处陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为专有名词the Palace Museum，谓语动词aim用单数形式。故填aims。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Is the end of homework near As new powerful artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT take the Internet by storm, teachers concerned with AI-driven cheating are questioning their teaching and assessment methods. ChatGPT, the most powerful AI language model ever developed by the company OpenAI, remembers the thread of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. Deriving its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet, it is fine-tuned using both supervised and reinforcement learning. It is capable of generating natural-sounding text on demand in just a few seconds. The quality of the copy it produces is sufficient to impress teachers in secondary and higher education, and even researchers. The use of AI tools in copy-writing has sparked an outcry around the world. In the United States，public schools in New York and Seattle have decided to block ChatGPT from their devices and WiFi networks. In France, the prestigious Sciences Po university in Paris has also just announced a strict ban on its use. But experts question whether bans like these are really effective. On one hand, students will always be able to access tools like ChatGPT through other means than school devices. On the other hand, some question the relevance of blocking access to a digital tool whose use is likely to grow in the professional world in the coming years. Amelie Cordier, a lecturer in artificial intelligence at Lyon University, notes that students haven’t waited for ChatGPT to try to escape the chore of homework — whether by photocopying the library encyclopedia, copy-pasting content from Wikipedia or enlisting their parents’ help. “What is ultimately very important in the learning process is not so much the subject on which you learn, it’s the methodology that you learn to develop around that subject,” Cordier said. 1. Why does the author raise a question in paragraph 1 A. To arouse the readers’ interest. B. To show the popularity of ChatGPT. C. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence. D. To reveal the negative effects of artificial intelligence. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT A. Its language model. B. Its working theory. C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process. 3. Which of the following is probably the reason for the experts’ question A. Students can always employ AI tools in other ways. B. Teachers and researchers are impressed by ChatGPT. C. The bans have been announced only in the US and France. D. AI tools have already been widely applied in professional fields. 4. What plays a critical role in learning according to Cordier A. Parents’ help. B. The system of methods. C. The library encyclopedia. D. The content from Wikipedia. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了学生们正在用ChatGPT做作业，学校应该禁止使用这一类人工智能工具，还是应该接受它们。 【4题详解】 推理判断题，根据第一段“Is the end of homework near As new powerful artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT take the Internet by storm, teachers concerned with AI-driven cheating are questioning their teaching and assessment methods.(作业快结束了吗？随着ChatGPT等强大的新型人工智能工具在互联网上风靡，担心人工智能作弊的教师们开始质疑自己的教学和评估方法)”可知，作者提出这一问题旨在引起读者的阅读兴趣，故选A项。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT, the most powerful AI language model ever developed by the company OpenAI, remembers the thread of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. Deriving its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet, it is fine-tuned using both supervised and reinforcement learning. It is capable of generating natural-sounding text on demand in just a few seconds. The quality of the copy it produces is sufficient to impress teachers in secondary and higher education, and even researchers.( ChatGPT是OpenAI公司开发的最强大的人工智能语言模型，它可以记住你的对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上大量的信息中得到答案，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行微调。它能够在几秒钟内按需生成听起来自然的文本。它产生的副本的质量足以打动中学和高等教育的教师，甚至研究人员)”可知，本段主要介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But experts question whether bans like these are really effective. On one hand, students will always be able to access tools like ChatGPT through other means than school devices.(但专家质疑这样的禁令是否真的有效。一方面，学生将永远能够通过学校设备以外的其他方式访问ChatGPT等工具)”可知，学生总是能够通过学校设备以外的其他方式访问ChatGPT等工具。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题，根据第四段“What is ultimately very important in the learning process is not so much the subject on which you learn, it’s the methodology that you learn to develop around that subject(在学习过程中，最重要的不是你学习的科目，而是你围绕该科目学习的方法)”可知，在学习过程中，最终非常重要的不是你学习的科目，而是你围绕该科目学习的方法。故选B项。 B It’s 2076 and the skies are looking decidedly milky. On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. Vast parcels of land have been given over to forest. Trees are grown, harvested and burned for energy in power plants that don’t let CO2 escape to the atmosphere. Instead, emissions are captured and driven underground. Powdered minerals are put into the water to absorb CO2 and reduce ocean acidification. All these technologies are a desperate action to reverse more than two centuries of greenhouse gas emissions. But they are not entirely up to the task and, anyway, we are still releasing greenhouse gases. “I think it’s very likely that in 60 years we’ll be using both technologies,” says John Shepherd of the University of Southampton, UK. He is referring to the two flavors of geoengineering: absorbing CO2 out of the air and using a sunshade to reflect some of the sun’s rays back out into space. There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly — a big if — some sections pose an intractable problem. We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global puter models suggest there will be winners and losers. While a sunshade could lower global average temperatures to pre-industrial levels, there would be regional differences. Northern Europe, Canada, Siberia and the poles would remain warmer than they were, and temperatures over the oceans would be cooler. Global warming is predicted to make wet regions wetter and dry ones drier. Models suggest a sunshade would correct this, but, again, not in a uniform way. Shepherd fears all this will feed into international arguments. He imagines some kind of global council where governments seek a climate that meets their needs. Some might prefer a slightly warmer temperature, for tourism or agriculture. But nations whose coral reefs (珊瑚礁) draw in visitors will probably want more CO2 absorbing technologies. In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something. 1. What is described in the first paragraph A. Future scenery and farming methods. B. The development of transport technology. C. The serious pollution problem in the very near future. D. Future technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 2. The word “intractable” in paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A. solvable B. untypical C. tricky D. existing 3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. climate talks haven’t achieved the expected results B. industrial emissions will decrease greatly in 60 years C. technologies to reduce CO2 emission aren’t used properly for now D. sunshades outshine intensive agriculture at capturing CO2 emissions 4. What is the main idea of the passage A. Effective CO2 absorbing technologies have come into wide use. B. With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed. C. Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain. D. Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世纪温室气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. (在多风的平原和被移交给风电场的部分海域，涡轮机旁边建造了一座不同类型的塔。它们吸收大气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，第一段描述了减少温室气体排放的未来技术，故选D。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”以及划线单词后文“We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global emissions.(我们没有真正的飞机燃料替代品，养活人们需要集约农业，而集约农业占全球排放量的四分之一。)”可知，一些部门也会带来棘手的问题，由此可知第4段中划线单词很可能是指“棘手的”。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”可知，从这段话中可以推断出气候谈判没有取得预期结果，故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世纪温室气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。根据文章最后一段“There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something.(毫无疑问，当我们解决人类面临的问题时，还有很长的路要走，但我们总是可以预料到一些事情。)”可知，文章大意是未来的气候将随着人类的努力而改善，但威胁仍然存在，故选C。 写作 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Taylor Hash wanted to be a career pilot. She had just started building up hours of flight time when disaster struck. As she guided the Diamond Star plane off the runway at Oakland County International airport, on her third-ever independent flight, the front tyre (轮胎) of her plane fell off. Taylor was unaware at that point that she had just lost crucial landing equipment. “I didn’t feel anything on the takeoff roll (起飞滑跑).” she said. Experienced pilot Chris Yates, though, saw something on the takeoff roll and immediately took action. He knew that Taylor would have to make a difficult emergency landing. He radioed the control tower and said, “The Diamond Star that just took off lost its nose (头部) wheel tyre on the runway.” But the control tower operators didn’t know what to do. They’d never seen such a thing happen before. Yates asked them to put him through to Taylor so he could help her. When Taylor learned what had happened, she was in panic. With only 57 total fight hours under her belt, she didn’t know what her options were and could only imagine how this was going to end. “I didn’t know what to do in that moment,” said Taylor later. “I’m just panicking and figuring out how I’m going to land this plane safely.” But Yates knew what to do. He knew that the most important thing would be to keep Taylor calm so that she could follow his instructions effectively. Yates started by reassuring (使安心) Taylor that everything was going to turn out just fine: “Taylor, this is Chris Yates. My daughter’s name is Taylor, and I taught her to fly! We’re gonna be just fine. Just take your time.” He told her that she could circle the field until she was ready to land. “When you touch down, I just want that stick (操纵杆) all the way back. You’re gonna hold that stick back like you don’t want that nose to touch,” he coached her. 注意:1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Despite feeling scared and unsure, Taylor trusted Yates and followed his instructions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Taylor went up to Yates after she stepped out of the plane safely. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite feeling scared and unsure, Taylor trusted Yates and followed his instructions. After circling the airport a few times, she got ready to make the emergency landing. With Yates talking to her all the way, a sense of calm washed over her. “You’re doing greatly,” he encouraged, “keep that stick all the way back.” Taylor could see the runway coming up quickly. The plane touched down, the nose hitting the ground. Taylor felt the plane shaking and bouncing until it came to a complete stop. She made it! Taylor went up to Yates after she stepped out of the plane safely. With tears of gratitude in her eyes, she hugged him tightly and thanked him for his guidance during the crisis. “Had you not seen the wheel off,” Uttered Taylor, “it’s hard to think about what could have happened.” Yates praised that she had done a great job in landing the plane safely with such limited flight experience. Through misty eyes, Taylor could see the path to her career as a pilot become clearer than ever. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达以飞行经验有限的Taylor为线索，讲述了在她第三次的独立飞行中，飞机起飞后，有经验的Yates发现了飞机的前轮掉落了。Yates联系了塔台，在Yates的耐心指导下，Taylor成功地将飞机安全着陆。 【详解】1.段落续写： 由第一段首句内容“尽管感到害怕和不确定，但Taylor还是相信Yates，并听从他的指挥。”可知，本段可以写Yates是如何鼓励并指导Taylor将飞机安全地着陆的。 由第二段首句内容“在Taylor安全地走出飞机后，她走向Yates。”可知，本段可以写Taylor无比感谢Yates，如果Yates没有及时发现问题，那后果不堪设想。经过这一次经历后，Taylor觉得自己的飞行之路又明亮了一些。 2.续写线索： 相信Yates，并听从他的指挥→Yates先努力让Taylor冷静下来→鼓励她并指导她如何正确地操作→飞机终于安全着陆→Taylor走出机舱，感谢Yates→Taylor觉得经历了这次事件后，她的飞行之路又明亮了一些。 3.词类激活： 行为类： 涌上心头：wash over/well up in one’s heart/flare up/sweep over 准备好做某事：get ready/be prepared/make full preparations 情绪类： 感激：gratitude/thankfulness/appreciation 困难的：hard/difficult/tough/full of difficulty 【点睛】【高分句型1】 The plane touched down, the nose hitting the ground.(运用了独立主格。) 【高分句型2】 With Yates talking to her all the way, a sense of calm washed over her.(运用了with的复合结构。)
【同步语法梳理】 一、构成 肯定句：主语+had+done 否定句：主语+had not +done... 一般疑问句：Had +主语+done... 特殊疑问句：疑问词+had+(主语+)done... 二、用法 1、表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或者完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用by,before等引导的时间状语从句连用。 They had constructed a new bridge in the valley by the end of last month. The captain had checked all the equipment before the ship set sail. By the end of last month,we had finished half of the project. 2、表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作，常与for，since引导的时间状语（从句）连用。 He told us that he had done the scientific research for five years. He said he had made great progress since he came here. 3、表示过去未实现的计划或者愿望，常用的动词有：hope,expect,suppose,think,want,intend,mean,plan等。 He had wanted to help you but he had no time then. I had never thought that you were willing to help me. 4、用于“This/It was the first/second...time that...”“It was +一段时间+since从句”“This was the+形容词最高级+名词+从句”等句型中，从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that he had organized such an adventure trip. It was five months since he had returned. This was the best advice that I had ever given to my friend. 5、在hardly/scarcely...when...和no sooner...than...等结构中，主句一般使用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当否定副词hardly,scarcely,no sooner位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装。 Hardly had I finished the work when the light went out. No sooner had she arrived than she devoted herself to her research. 6、在表示过去动作先于主句动作发生的宾语从句中，用过去完成时。 He told me he had watched the sunrise at the top of Mount Tai. 7、在条件状语从句中，表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句要用过去完成时。 If you had helped me,I would have got a high score. 三、重难点提示 1、过去完成时和现在完成时的区别 过去完成时和现在完成时，都可以跟表示一段时间的状语连用，如for a week，fort three years,for a long time。 但现在完成时表示在过去开始并延续到现在的动作，句中不能有明确的过去时间状语。 而过去完成时则表示在过去某一时间开始并延续到过去某个时间的动作，句中含有表示截止到过去的时间状语。 比较：She has been ill for a week. She had been ill for a week before she came back. Everything has gone well up to now. Everything had gone well up to that time. 2、在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，尤其是before和after,as soon as引导的从句，它们已经表明了主句和从句谓语动词发生的先后，所以在先的那个动作可以不用过去完成时。 I (had) closed the window before he left the room. After he (had) left the classroom,the teacher came in. 3、ago和before ago指以现在为起点的一段时间以前，谓语动词用一般过去时；before指以过去为起点的一段时间以前，谓语动词往往使用过去完成时。 四. 总结 1、主语+过去完成时 + ① when引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式) + ② by短语 + ③ by the time引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式） + ④ before引导的从句（注：从句谓语动词为过去式）例如 2、特殊句式 1. 主语+had+hardly(scarcely)+过去分词+when(before)+主语十一般过去时。 2. 主语+had+no sooner+过去分词+than十主语十一般过去时 3、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。 4、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。 常用动词：hope,think, expect,intend,mean,suppose,want等。 例如：They had wanted to help but couldn't get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。 5、It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时。 【同步知识梳理】 citizen n. 公民；市民，居民 She's Italian by birth but is now an Australian citizen. 她生于意大利，但现在是澳大利亚公民 found vt. 创建，创办；建立，兴建 (近义词 establish) In1878，he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post Dispatch. 1878年，他创办了《圣路易斯邮报》。 常见搭配： be founded on建立在…基础上(其近义词组为 be based on) Their marriage was founded on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和互相尊重的基础上。
词形拓展：(1) foundation 地基: 基础，根据 lay a ( firm/solid) foundation for 为…打下(坚实的)基础 (2) founder /[C]创办者，发起人 politics n. 政治，政治事务；（个人的）政治观点，政见 a major figure in British politics 英国政坛的风云人物 He's thinking of going into politics. 他打算步入政坛。 Politics is his main subject at university. 他在大学主修政治。 His politics are extreme. 他的政治观点偏激。 注：politics单复数同行形，指政治学、政治制度时视为单数，指政治见解时常用复数。 词形拓展：political adj. 政治的，政治上的 politician n. 政治家，政客 policy n. 政策 accuse vt. 谴责，控诉 His paper published articles about politics and social issues，accusing government officials of dishonesty and wealthy people of not paying their taxes. 他的报纸刊登关于政治和社会问题的文章，遗责政府官员满口谎言和富人税。 常见搭配： accuse sb.of( doing)sth.指责/控告某人(做了)某事 （be accused of=be charged with） She accused him of lying. 她指责他说谎。 The government was accused of incompetence. 政府被指责无能。 归纳拓展：表示“控告或”指责”的其他短语 charge sb.wih( doing)sth.控告/指责某人(做了)某事 blame sb.for (doing) sth责怪/指责某人(做了)某事 词形拓展：accusation n. accusing adj. 谴责的，指责的 an accusing look 谴责的目光 accusingly adv. accusatory adj. 谴责的，指责的 accused adj. 被控告的 the accused 被告 tax n. 税，税款vt. 对…征税，使纳税 to raise/cut taxes 增加╱削减税收 to pay over ￡1 000 in tax 缴纳1 000多英镑的税款 profits before/after tax 税前╱税后利润 a tax on cigarettes 香烟税 His declared aim was to tax the rich. 他宣布他的目的是向富人征税。 The problem is currently taxing the brains of the nation's experts. 目前这个问题使得全国的专家大伤脑筋。 短语：tax sb with sth （就某事）指责，责备，谴责… I taxed him with avoiding his responsibility as a parent. 我指责他逃避做父亲的责任。 mount vi. 逐步增加vt. 攀登，爬上n. 山 Pressure is mounting on the government to change the law. 迫使政府修改法律的压力不断增加。 He mounted the platform and addressed the crowd. 他登上讲台对人群发表演说。 He mounted his horse and rode away. 他骑上马走了。 mount up （尺寸和数量上）增加，上升 Meanwhile, my debts were mounting up. 同时，我的债务在不断增加。 *elevation n. 提高；提升；海拔 词形拓展：elevate v. elevate sb to sth 提升某人到什么位置（promote） elevator n. 电梯；谷仓，粮仓； 8．profession n. 行业，职业；同行；宣称，声明 enter/go into/join a profession 从事╱加入╱参加一个行业 He was an electrician by profession . 他的职业是电工 词形拓展：professional adj. 职业的，专业的； n. 专业人士， 职业选手 a professional tennis player 职业网球运动员 There will be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.对卫生保健专业人员的需求会上升。 drama n. 戏剧；戏剧性事件(7) un. 戏剧艺术，戏剧文学 stage a drama 上演一出戏 There is a really good drama. 有一出真正的好戏。 A drama school 戏剧学校 a drama documentary 纪实片 词形拓展：dramatic adj. 戏剧性的；突然的；给人印象深刻的 the dramatic arts 戏剧艺术 a dramatic increase 剧增 a dramatic victory 激动人心的胜利 dramatically adv. 突然地；戏剧性地； 引人注目地 scholarship n. 奖学金；学术 win a scholarship 赢得奖学金 词形拓展：scholar n. 学者 a history scholar 研究历史的学者 category n. 类别，种类 Literature can be divided into two categories:fiction and non-fiction. 文学可以分为两类：小说和纪实文学。 nevertheless adv. 尽管如此 There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law. Nevertheless, it is important that we try. 我们几乎没有可能改变法律。不过，重要的是我们努力争取。 Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人失望。 witness vt. & vi. 是发生…的时间（或地点），见证；目击；作证；是…的迹象n. 目击者，见证人；证人 Recent years have witnessed a growing social mobility. 近年来人们的社会流动性越来越大。 Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。 There has been increasing interest in her life and work, as witnessed by the publication of two new biographies. 从两部新传记的出版可以看出，人们对她的生活和工作越来越感兴趣。 We have a witness to the killing. 我们有一位这起杀人案的目击者。 These facts are a witness to his ignorance. 这些事证明了他的无知。 短语： be witnessed by 被...见证 be a witness to sth 是...的见证者 edition n. 版本；一份，一期；版次 a limited edition 限量版 the first edition 初版 词形拓展：edit v. 编辑，剪辑 editor n. 编辑，剪辑者 a chief editor 主编 editorial adj. 编辑的，主编的； n. 社论 platform n. 平台；站台，月台；讲台，舞台 16．spring up 迅速出现，突然兴起 spring v.跳，跃，蹦；突然猛烈地移动；突然出现（或来到） Everyone sprang to their feet when the principal walked in. 校长进来时，所有的人都立刻站了起来。 The branch sprang back and hit him in the face. 树枝弹回来打在他脸上。 Tears sprang to her eyes. 她眼里一下子涌出了泪水。 The idea for the novel sprang from a trip to India. 写这部小说的想法源于一次去印度的旅行。 n. 春天；泉水；弹簧；跳，跃 17．interaction n. 互动；互相作用 interaction with ...之间的互动 词形拓展：interact v. 交流，沟通 interact with ... 与...相互交流 interactive adj. 合作的，互相影响的 18．membership n. （统称）会员，会员人数；会员资格 19．chart n. 图表；海图；（the charts）排行榜 20．broadcast n. 广播节目，电视节目vi. & vt.(broadcast, broadcast) 播送，广播；散布，传播 I missed the live broadcast of the Olympics. 我没赶上奥运会的直播。 The interview was broadcast live across the country.这次采访向全国现场直播。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. His newly written novel _____________________ (translate)into English by the end of last month. 2. I _____________________ (plan)to take a French course last summer, but I changed the plan later. 3. It is the first time that we _____________________ (talk)about this issue face to face. 4. It was the tenth time that the Chinese women’s volleyball team _____________________ (claim)the world championship. 5. She found that the house in the area _____________________ (destroy)by the storm. 6. They _____________________ (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 7. The band _____________________ (go)on tour to promote their new album. 8. It _____________________ (rain)heavily in the last few days and mountain torrents may become a danger at any moment. We must be prepared. 9. Silk _____________________ (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 二、用过去完成时完成句子 到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 我醒来时雨已停了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 我们本来希望能来看看你。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 他刚到就又走了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ 单词拼写 1. We do still need the human touch or the human _____________(互动), particularly when people are depressed. 2. The police have issued an appeal for _____________(目击证人). 3. Burning with _____________(好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 4. Who is qualified to apply for _____________(成员资格) of the association 5. He dealt with the problem in a highly _____________ (专业的)way. 6. I’ve not been _____________ (指控)of before, no one has ever called me selfish. 7. The concert will be _____________ (播送)live tomorrow evening. 8. In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to _____________ (增加)up. 9. New theatres and arts centres _____________ (涌出)up all over the country. 10. The next _____________(版本) of the book is projected for publication in March. 【答案】 一、1. His newly written novel had been translated (translate)into English by the end of last month. 2. I planned (plan)to take a French course last summer, but I changed the plan later. 3. It is the first time that we have talked (talk)about this issue face to face. 4. It was the tenth time that the Chinese women’s volleyball team had claimed (claim)the world championship. 5. She found that the house in the area had been destroyed (destroy)by the storm. 6. They had planted (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 7. The band has gone (go)on tour to promote their new album. 8. It has been raining (rain)heavily in the last few days and mountain torrents may become a danger at any moment. We must be prepared. 9. Silk had become (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC. 二、By nine o’clock last night,we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. He said he had worked in that factory since 1949. When I woke up,it had already stopped raining.。 We had hoped to be able to come and see you. Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. No sooner had he arrived than he went away again. 三、1. We do still need the human touch or the human interaction(互动), particularly when people are depressed. 2. The police have issued an appeal for witnesses(目击证人). 3. Burning with curiosity(好奇心), she ran across the field after the hare. 4. Who is qualified to apply for membership(成员资格) of the association 5. He dealt with the problem in a highly professional (专业的)way. 6. I’ve not been accused (指控)of before, no one has ever called me selfish. 7. The concert will be broadcast (播送)live tomorrow evening. 8. In spite of all his efforts, his debts continued to mount (增加)up. 9. New theatres and arts centres sprang (涌出)up all over the country. 10. The next edition(版本) of the book is projected for publication in March. 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 The Adoption Option Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion. _____1_____ An affordable choice. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for purebred and “designer” crossbred dogs and cats, but rescue pets have a lot going for them and can be more affordable to purchase. Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. _____2_____ Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available. _____3_____ And there are many benefits from adopting a more mature dog or cat. They will already be desexed, microchipped and vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. Most importantly what you see is what you get — a young animal’s behavior may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behavior should be evident, so no surprises. _____4_____ You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. A behavioral trainer will assess the temperament(脾气) of every dog and cat before they’re put up for adoption. The staff should ask you lots of questions about your lifestyle so they can advise which dogs and cats will best suit your family. Ongoing behavior and training advice should be available, and you should be able to return the pet if things don’t work out. There’s something else to keep in mind. _____5_____ For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider. A. Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source. B. But shelters have a wide range of pets for you to choose from. C. Thus, some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed. D. Similar to many things, the price of owning a pet has been increasing. E. There are lots of online searches for possible pet adopters to choose an ideal pet. F. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle. G. You should take into account the amount of exercise your pet will need. 【答案】16. E 17. C 18. B 19. A 20. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了领养宠物的建议和需要注意的事项。 【16题详解】 上文“Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people who want to add an animal companion.(收养宠物正迅速成为许多想增加动物伴侣的人的首选。)”讲述了收养宠物越来越受欢迎，空处应承接上文，讲述收养宠物的渠道，E项“有很多在线搜索，让可能收养宠物的人能够选择一只理想的宠物。”符合题意。故选E。 【17题详解】 上文“Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. (无家可归的动物可以成为很好的宠物。)”和“There are many reasons owners may need to rehome their pet — divorce, lack of suitable accommodation, or the time and money needed to care for a dog.(主人可能需要为他们的宠物找新家有很多原因——离婚、缺乏合适的住所，或者照顾狗需要花费时间和金钱。)”讲述了无家可归的动物需要找新家的原因，C项“因此，一些狗和猫丢失了，没有被确认身份，也从未被认领。”对上文进行总结，离婚等因素让一些宠物丢失，变得无家可归。故选C。 【18题详解】 上文“Adult animals have benefits. Generally, if you decide to buy a pet from breeders, only very young animals are available.(成年动物有好处。一般来说，如果你决定从繁育者那里购买宠物，只有非常小的动物可以买到。)”建议领养成年动物，并讲述了在繁育者那里只能买到年幼的动物，所以空处应与前句形成转折，讲述在收容所可以有更多选择，B项“但是收容所有很多宠物供你选择。”符合题意。故选B。 【19题详解】 结合上下文可知，空处是本段主旨句。后文“You should only adopt a dog or cat from a reputable shelter or rescue group. (你应该只从信誉良好的收容所或救援组织领养狗或猫。)”讲述了要从可靠的渠道去领养宠物，A项“从可靠的来源中选择合适的动物。”符合题意。故选A。 【20题详解】 前文“There’s something else to keep in mind.(还有一些其他事情需要记住。)”讲述了还要注意一些其他的事情。后文“For example, you need to think carefully about how you will care for it — there’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing rescue animals appropriately. The costs, the necessary space and the age of people in your home are also important factors you should consider.(例如，你需要仔细考虑如何照顾它——适当管理救援动物有很多责任。花费、必要的空间和家里人的年龄也是你应该考虑的重要因素。)”讲述了需要考虑照顾方式、花费、空间、家人年龄等因素，所以空处应是讲领养宠物时需要考虑对自己来说该宠物是否合适。F项“对你来说，只选择一只适合你生活方式的宠物是很重要的。”符合题意。故选F。 二、完形填空 Traveling with a toddler (幼儿) can be exhausting. But rarely is it as painful as Kate Baker’s experience during a flight twenty years ago. Baker and her husband, Bob, were____1____ to Europe with their 2-year-old son, Neil. “When we got on the plane in New York, all of us were ____2____ ,” she said. “But halfway over the Atlantic Ocean, Neil started to get very warm.” Then Neil began foaming (口吐白沫) at the mouth. “The flight attendants were ____3____ in asking anyone if they were a doctor,” Baker ____4____ . “No one would come forward. And then the pilot started to____5____ , ‘Is there a doctor on board ’ And again, no one came forward.” One of the flight attendants asked Baker’s husband if the toddler was still breathing. “Just ____6____ ,” he replied anxiously. “Hearing those words, I felt so ____7____ that I couldn’t move,” Baker said. Then she noticed three women get out of their seats and ____8____ where she was standing. They were Muslim women wearing hijabs (头巾), and they came up to her and put their____9____ around her, comforting her in a quite ____10____ voice. They eventually landed in Amsterdam, and Baker and her husband took Neil to a(n) ____11____. Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him, and by then he appeared to be ____12____. However, Baker still felt worried and they quickly ____13____ another flight home. They went right to a pediatrician (儿科医生), who ____14____ that Neil had just had an ear infection. So everything was fine. But Baker would never forget those women and how ____15____ they were. 1. A. returning B. heading C. moving D. tending 2. A. healthy B. fortunate C. wealthy D. content 3. A. lost B. interested C. occupied D. trapped 4. A. repeated B. responded C. reacted D. recalled 5. A. ensure B. announce C. acquire D. recommend 6. A. barely B. commonly C. extremely D. ordinarily 7. A. frightened B. excited C. confused D. embarrassed 8. A. arranged B. prayed C. approached D. recorded 9. A. legs B. coats C. scarves D. arms 10. A. low B. gentle C. pleasant D. annoyed 11. A. airport B. destination C. office D. clinic 12. A. kind B. nice C. good D. fine 13. A. cancelled B. offered C. booked D. considered 14. A. blamed B. discovered C. appreciated D. hesitated 15. A. supportive B. adventurous C. doubtful D. critical 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。贝克和丈夫鲍勃带着两岁的儿子尼尔在前往欧洲的飞机上，却发现尼尔开始发热吐白沫，飞机上没有医生，贝克和丈夫焦急万分，这时三个穆斯林女人过来安慰贝克，这让贝克万分感激，最后医生诊断出尼尔只是耳部感染。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：贝克和丈夫鲍勃带着两岁的儿子尼尔正前往欧洲。A. returning返回；B. heading前往；C. moving移动；D. tending倾向于。根据前文“Traveling with a toddler (幼儿) can be exhausting.(带着蹒跚学步的孩子旅行可能会让人筋疲力尽)”可知，此处是指正前往欧洲。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“当我们在纽约登上飞机时，我们都很健康。”她说。A. healthy健康的；B. fortunate幸运的；C. wealthy富有的；D. content满足的。根据后文““But halfway over the Atlantic Ocean, Neil started to get very warm.” Then Neil began foaming (口吐白沫) at the mouth.(“但是在大西洋的中途，尼尔开始发烧。”然后尼尔开始口吐白沫)”可知，此处是指在登机时很健康。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生，”贝克回忆说。A. lost迷失的；B. interested感兴趣的；C. occupied忙碌的；D. trapped受困的。根据“in asking anyone if they were a doctor”可知，此处是指空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生。故选C。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“空乘人员忙着问有没有人是医生，”贝克回忆说。A. repeated重复；B. responded回应；C. reacted反应；D. recalled回忆。根据“The flight attendants were occupied in asking anyone if they were a doctor”可知，此处是指贝克回忆说。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后飞行员开始广播：“飞机上有医生吗？”A. ensure保证；B. announce（尤指通过广播）通知；C. acquire获得；D. recommend推荐。根据the pilot和“Is there a doctor on board ”可知，此处是指飞行员开始广播。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：“勉强吧，”他焦急地回答。A. barely勉强才能；B. commonly普遍地；C. extremely极度；D. ordinarily通常地。根据“he replied anxiously”可知，此处是指勉强能呼吸。故选A。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“听到这些话，我吓得动弹不得，”贝克说。A. frightened害怕的；B. excited兴奋的；C. confused困惑的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据“I couldn’t move”可知，此处是指贝克很害怕。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她注意到三个女人从座位上站起来，走近她站着的地方。A. arranged安排；B. prayed祈祷；C. approached靠近；D. recorded记录。根据“where she was standing”可知，此处是指走近她站着的地方。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她们是戴着头巾的穆斯林妇女，她们走到她身边，用双臂抱住她，用非常温柔的声音安慰她。A. legs腿；B. coats外套；C. scarves围巾；D. arms手臂。根据“comforting her”可知，此处是指用双臂抱住她。故选D。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她们是戴着头巾的穆斯林妇女，她们走到她身边，用双臂抱住她，用非常温柔的声音安慰她。A. low低的；B. gentle温柔的；C. pleasant令人愉快的；D. annoyed恼怒的。根据“comforting her”可知，此处是指用非常温柔的声音。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们最终降落在阿姆斯特丹，贝克和她的丈夫带尼尔去了一家诊所。A. airport机场；B. destination目的地；C. office办公室；D. clinic诊所。根据后文“Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him(医生没发现他有什么毛病)”可知，此处是指带尼尔去了一家诊所。故选D。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：医生没有发现他有什么问题，到那时为止他看起来很好。A. kind友好的；B. nice美好的；C. good好的；D. fine健康的，身体好的。根据“Doctors couldn’t find anything wrong with him”可知，此处是指到诊所的时候他看起来很好，很健康。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，贝克仍然感到担心，他们很快又订了另一班飞机回家。A. cancelled取消；B. offered提供；C. booked预订；D. considered考虑。根据“another flight home”和“However, Baker still felt worried”可知，此处是指又订了另一班飞机回家。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们直接去看了儿科医生，医生发现尼尔只是耳朵感染了。A. blamed责备；B. discovered发现；C. appreciated欣赏；D. hesitated犹豫。根据“that Neil had just had an ear infection”可知，此处是指医生发现尼尔只是耳朵感染了。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但贝克永远不会忘记那些女人，以及她们对她的帮助。A. supportive支持的，拥护的，给予帮助的；B. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的；C. doubtful怀疑的，不确定的；D. critical批判的，爱挑剔的。根据“Baker would never forget those women”和前文“They were Muslim women wearing hijabs (头巾), and they came up to her and put their arms around her, comforting her in a quite gentle voice.”可知，此处是指不会忘记那些女人对她的帮助。故选A。 三、语法填空 The Palace Museum’s clock collection, more than 1,500 in number, is arguably one of the most breathtaking clock preservations worldwide. ____1____ (make) between the 18th century and the 20th century, some were crafted in Britain, France and Switzerland, some were from the Clock Worship of the Qing Palace, the others were ____1____ mixture of both the East and the West. The ____3____ (major) of British clocks feature bronze cases inlaid with splendidly colorful jewels. They are diverse ____4____ form, recreating all kinds of architecture and natural sights, and often include automatic ____5____ (decorate) such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds. These clocks represent the highest level of craftsmanship in Britain. Most of the French clocks here are the products of the early 20th century. Whether in terms of theme ____6____ decorative style, the French clocks in the collection have a style of ____7____ (they) own, and deserve their place in history. The Swiss timepieces ____8____ (most) comprise small, unconventionally shaped desk clocks and delicate pocket watches. They were specially made ____9____ (suit) the tastes of Chinese customers. Clocks may turn back in time, but humans may never dream of doing so. Today, the Palace Museum _____10_____ (aim) to carry on this touching tale of “time” as guardians of this traditional craftsmanship. 【答案】36. Made 37. a 38. majority 39. in 40. decorations 41. or 42. their 43. mostly 44. to suit 45. aims 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院的钟表收藏超过1500件，可以说是世界上保存钟表最令人惊叹的地方之一。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：制作于18世纪至20世纪之间，有的是英国、法国和瑞士的手工制作，有的是来自清宫的钟祭，还有的则是东西方的混合。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词make与逻辑主语some构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Made。 【37题详解】 考查冠词。句意：制作于18世纪至20世纪之间，有的是英国、法国和瑞士的手工制作，有的是来自清宫的钟祭，还有的则是东西方的混合。表示“……的混合”短语为a mixture of。故填a。 【38题详解】 考查固定短语。句意：大多数英国钟表的特点是青铜外壳上镶嵌着华美的珠宝。表示“大多数”短语为the majority of。故填majority。 【39题详解】 考查介词。句意：它们的形式多种多样，再现了各种建筑和自然景观，通常还包括喷泉、活动人物、船只和鸟类等自动装饰。表示“在……中有差异”短语为be diverse in。故填in。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：它们的形式多种多样，再现了各种建筑和自然景观，通常还包括喷泉、活动人物、船只和鸟类等自动装饰。作宾语，应用名词decoration，结合后文such as fountains, moving figures, boats and birds可知为复数。故填decorations。 【41题详解】 考查连词。句意：无论是主题还是装饰风格，藏品中的法国钟表都有自己的风格，在历史上占有一席之地。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。故填or。 【42题详解】 考查代词。句意：无论是主题还是装饰风格，藏品中的法国钟表都有自己的风格，在历史上占有一席之地。表示“属于某人自己的”短语为of one’s own，结合上文the French clocks可知应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 【43题详解】 考查副词。句意：瑞士钟表主要由小巧别致的台式钟表和精致的怀表组成。修饰动词comprise应用副词mostly作状语，故填mostly。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是专门为满足中国顾客的口味而制作的。be made to do sth.，意思：被要求做某事，它是make sb. do sth.的被动式（主动式省to），suit应用不定式形式。故填to suit。 【45题详解】 考查时态。句意：今天，故宫博物院的目标是将这个感人的“时间”故事作为这一传统工艺的守护者传承下去。结合Today，此处陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为专有名词the Palace Museum，谓语动词aim用单数形式。故填aims。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Is the end of homework near As new powerful artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT take the Internet by storm, teachers concerned with AI-driven cheating are questioning their teaching and assessment methods. ChatGPT, the most powerful AI language model ever developed by the company OpenAI, remembers the thread of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. Deriving its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet, it is fine-tuned using both supervised and reinforcement learning. It is capable of generating natural-sounding text on demand in just a few seconds. The quality of the copy it produces is sufficient to impress teachers in secondary and higher education, and even researchers. The use of AI tools in copy-writing has sparked an outcry around the world. In the United States，public schools in New York and Seattle have decided to block ChatGPT from their devices and WiFi networks. In France, the prestigious Sciences Po university in Paris has also just announced a strict ban on its use. But experts question whether bans like these are really effective. On one hand, students will always be able to access tools like ChatGPT through other means than school devices. On the other hand, some question the relevance of blocking access to a digital tool whose use is likely to grow in the professional world in the coming years. Amelie Cordier, a lecturer in artificial intelligence at Lyon University, notes that students haven’t waited for ChatGPT to try to escape the chore of homework — whether by photocopying the library encyclopedia, copy-pasting content from Wikipedia or enlisting their parents’ help. “What is ultimately very important in the learning process is not so much the subject on which you learn, it’s the methodology that you learn to develop around that subject,” Cordier said. 1. Why does the author raise a question in paragraph 1 A. To arouse the readers’ interest. B. To show the popularity of ChatGPT. C. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence. D. To reveal the negative effects of artificial intelligence. 2. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT A. Its language model. B. Its working theory. C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process. 3. Which of the following is probably the reason for the experts’ question A. Students can always employ AI tools in other ways. B. Teachers and researchers are impressed by ChatGPT. C. The bans have been announced only in the US and France. D. AI tools have already been widely applied in professional fields. 4. What plays a critical role in learning according to Cordier A. Parents’ help. B. The system of methods. C. The library encyclopedia. D. The content from Wikipedia. 【答案】4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了学生们正在用ChatGPT做作业，学校应该禁止使用这一类人工智能工具，还是应该接受它们。 【4题详解】 推理判断题，根据第一段“Is the end of homework near As new powerful artificial intelligence tools like ChatGPT take the Internet by storm, teachers concerned with AI-driven cheating are questioning their teaching and assessment methods.(作业快结束了吗？随着ChatGPT等强大的新型人工智能工具在互联网上风靡，担心人工智能作弊的教师们开始质疑自己的教学和评估方法)”可知，作者提出这一问题旨在引起读者的阅读兴趣，故选A项。 【5题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“ChatGPT, the most powerful AI language model ever developed by the company OpenAI, remembers the thread of your dialogue，using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. Deriving its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet, it is fine-tuned using both supervised and reinforcement learning. It is capable of generating natural-sounding text on demand in just a few seconds. The quality of the copy it produces is sufficient to impress teachers in secondary and higher education, and even researchers.( ChatGPT是OpenAI公司开发的最强大的人工智能语言模型，它可以记住你的对话线索，使用之前的问题和答案来告知它的下一个回答。它从互联网上大量的信息中得到答案，并使用监督学习和强化学习进行微调。它能够在几秒钟内按需生成听起来自然的文本。它产生的副本的质量足以打动中学和高等教育的教师，甚至研究人员)”可知，本段主要介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But experts question whether bans like these are really effective. On one hand, students will always be able to access tools like ChatGPT through other means than school devices.(但专家质疑这样的禁令是否真的有效。一方面，学生将永远能够通过学校设备以外的其他方式访问ChatGPT等工具)”可知，学生总是能够通过学校设备以外的其他方式访问ChatGPT等工具。故选A项。 【7题详解】 细节理解题，根据第四段“What is ultimately very important in the learning process is not so much the subject on which you learn, it’s the methodology that you learn to develop around that subject(在学习过程中，最重要的不是你学习的科目，而是你围绕该科目学习的方法)”可知，在学习过程中，最终非常重要的不是你学习的科目，而是你围绕该科目学习的方法。故选B项。 B It’s 2076 and the skies are looking decidedly milky. On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. Vast parcels of land have been given over to forest. Trees are grown, harvested and burned for energy in power plants that don’t let CO2 escape to the atmosphere. Instead, emissions are captured and driven underground. Powdered minerals are put into the water to absorb CO2 and reduce ocean acidification. All these technologies are a desperate action to reverse more than two centuries of greenhouse gas emissions. But they are not entirely up to the task and, anyway, we are still releasing greenhouse gases. “I think it’s very likely that in 60 years we’ll be using both technologies,” says John Shepherd of the University of Southampton, UK. He is referring to the two flavors of geoengineering: absorbing CO2 out of the air and using a sunshade to reflect some of the sun’s rays back out into space. There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly — a big if — some sections pose an intractable problem. We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global puter models suggest there will be winners and losers. While a sunshade could lower global average temperatures to pre-industrial levels, there would be regional differences. Northern Europe, Canada, Siberia and the poles would remain warmer than they were, and temperatures over the oceans would be cooler. Global warming is predicted to make wet regions wetter and dry ones drier. Models suggest a sunshade would correct this, but, again, not in a uniform way. Shepherd fears all this will feed into international arguments. He imagines some kind of global council where governments seek a climate that meets their needs. Some might prefer a slightly warmer temperature, for tourism or agriculture. But nations whose coral reefs (珊瑚礁) draw in visitors will probably want more CO2 absorbing technologies. In spite of all these concerns, most scientists hold that revolutionary technology and people’s awakening can shine a light on solutions in ways that are impossible now. There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something. 1. What is described in the first paragraph A. Future scenery and farming methods. B. The development of transport technology. C. The serious pollution problem in the very near future. D. Future technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 2. The word “intractable” in paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A. solvable B. untypical C. tricky D. existing 3. It can be inferred from the passage that ______. A. climate talks haven’t achieved the expected results B. industrial emissions will decrease greatly in 60 years C. technologies to reduce CO2 emission aren’t used properly for now D. sunshades outshine intensive agriculture at capturing CO2 emissions 4. What is the main idea of the passage A. Effective CO2 absorbing technologies have come into wide use. B. With greenhouse gas reduced, global warming can be addressed. C. Future climate will improve with human efforts but threats still remain. D. Future climate will restore to a normal state with advanced technology. 【答案】12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世纪温室气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。 【12题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“On windy plains and in parts of the seas that have been turned over to wind farms, a different kind of tower has been built alongside the turbines (涡轮). They take in CO2 out of the atmosphere. (在多风的平原和被移交给风电场的部分海域，涡轮机旁边建造了一座不同类型的塔。它们吸收大气中的二氧化碳。)”可知，第一段描述了减少温室气体排放的未来技术，故选D。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”以及划线单词后文“We have no real replacement for aeroplane fuel and feeding people demands intensive agriculture, which accounts for a quarter of global emissions.(我们没有真正的飞机燃料替代品，养活人们需要集约农业，而集约农业占全球排放量的四分之一。)”可知，一些部门也会带来棘手的问题，由此可知第4段中划线单词很可能是指“棘手的”。故选C。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“There is no denying that climate talks are going too slowly and not so smoothly. Even if industrial emissions were to drop rapidly (不可否认，气候谈判进展太慢，也不那么顺利。即使工业排放量迅速下降)”可知，从这段话中可以推断出气候谈判没有取得预期结果，故选A。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了减少温室气体排放的未来技术是扭转两个多世纪温室气体排放的绝望之举。虽然未来的气候会得到改善，但威胁仍然存在。根据文章最后一段“There is undoubtedly a long way to go when we address problems facing mankind, but we can always anticipate something.(毫无疑问，当我们解决人类面临的问题时，还有很长的路要走，但我们总是可以预料到一些事情。)”可知，文章大意是未来的气候将随着人类的努力而改善，但威胁仍然存在，故选C。 写作 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Taylor Hash wanted to be a career pilot. She had just started building up hours of flight time when disaster struck. As she guided the Diamond Star plane off the runway at Oakland County International airport, on her third-ever independent flight, the front tyre (轮胎) of her plane fell off. Taylor was unaware at that point that she had just lost crucial landing equipment. “I didn’t feel anything on the takeoff roll (起飞滑跑).” she said. Experienced pilot Chris Yates, though, saw something on the takeoff roll and immediately took action. He knew that Taylor would have to make a difficult emergency landing. He radioed the control tower and said, “The Diamond Star that just took off lost its nose (头部) wheel tyre on the runway.” But the control tower operators didn’t know what to do. They’d never seen such a thing happen before. Yates asked them to put him through to Taylor so he could help her. When Taylor learned what had happened, she was in panic. With only 57 total fight hours under her belt, she didn’t know what her options were and could only imagine how this was going to end. “I didn’t know what to do in that moment,” said Taylor later. “I’m just panicking and figuring out how I’m going to land this plane safely.” But Yates knew what to do. He knew that the most important thing would be to keep Taylor calm so that she could follow his instructions effectively. Yates started by reassuring (使安心) Taylor that everything was going to turn out just fine: “Taylor, this is Chris Yates. My daughter’s name is Taylor, and I taught her to fly! We’re gonna be just fine. Just take your time.” He told her that she could circle the field until she was ready to land. “When you touch down, I just want that stick (操纵杆) all the way back. You’re gonna hold that stick back like you don’t want that nose to touch,” he coached her. 注意:1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Despite feeling scared and unsure, Taylor trusted Yates and followed his instructions. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Taylor went up to Yates after she stepped out of the plane safely. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Despite feeling scared and unsure, Taylor trusted Yates and followed his instructions. After circling the airport a few times, she got ready to make the emergency landing. With Yates talking to her all the way, a sense of calm washed over her. “You’re doing greatly,” he encouraged, “keep that stick all the way back.” Taylor could see the runway coming up quickly. The plane touched down, the nose hitting the ground. Taylor felt the plane shaking and bouncing until it came to a complete stop. She made it! Taylor went up to Yates after she stepped out of the plane safely. With tears of gratitude in her eyes, she hugged him tightly and thanked him for his guidance during the crisis. “Had you not seen the wheel off,” Uttered Taylor, “it’s hard to think about what could have happened.” Yates praised that she had done a great job in landing the plane safely with such limited flight experience. Through misty eyes, Taylor could see the path to her career as a pilot become clearer than ever. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达以飞行经验有限的Taylor为线索，讲述了在她第三次的独立飞行中，飞机起飞后，有经验的Yates发现了飞机的前轮掉落了。Yates联系了塔台，在Yates的耐心指导下，Taylor成功地将飞机安全着陆。 【详解】1.段落续写： 由第一段首句内容“尽管感到害怕和不确定，但Taylor还是相信Yates，并听从他的指挥。”可知，本段可以写Yates是如何鼓励并指导Taylor将飞机安全地着陆的。 由第二段首句内容“在Taylor安全地走出飞机后，她走向Yates。”可知，本段可以写Taylor无比感谢Yates，如果Yates没有及时发现问题，那后果不堪设想。经过这一次经历后，Taylor觉得自己的飞行之路又明亮了一些。 2.续写线索： 相信Yates，并听从他的指挥→Yates先努力让Taylor冷静下来→鼓励她并指导她如何正确地操作→飞机终于安全着陆→Taylor走出机舱，感谢Yates→Taylor觉得经历了这次事件后，她的飞行之路又明亮了一些。 3.词类激活： 行为类： 涌上心头：wash over/well up in one’s heart/flare up/sweep over 准备好做某事：get ready/be prepared/make full preparations 情绪类： 感激：gratitude/thankfulness/appreciation 困难的：hard/difficult/tough/full of difficulty 【点睛】【高分句型1】 The plane touched down, the nose hitting the ground.(运用了独立主格。) 【高分句型2】 With Yates talking to her all the way, a sense of calm washed over her.(运用了with的复合结构。)
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