Unit 1 The Mass Media Welcome to the unit & Reading导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U1 Welcome - Reading
【同步知识梳理】 【知识梳理1】put out Firefighters put out tower block fire 消防队员扑灭公寓大楼大火 (1) 扑灭，熄灭。为及物短语动词。 (2) 出版，广播，公布。为及物短语动词。 归纳拓展：put构成的其他短语： put sth.aside忽视，不理睬，忘记；储存保留 put sth. away 将……收起，把……放回原处；积蓄，攒钱 put sth. forward 提出，提议，建议；将……提前 put sth. off 推迟，延迟 put up with 容忍，忍受 【知识梳理2】trap The fire, which is thought to have started from the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night,leaving people on the upper floors trapped. 周日晚上的大火被认为是从九楼开始的，很快蔓延到整座公寓大楼，把高楼层的人们困在里面。 (1) vt.(trapped，trapped) 使落入险境；卡住，绊住；使陷入圈套，使中计 常见搭配 be trapped in... 困在……中，陷入…… trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人 (去做) 某事 【知识梳理3】release Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services. 应急服务机构发布的数据显示，死亡人数可能达到5人，这令人愈发担忧。 (1）vt.发布；释放；松开；发泄 (2) n.释放；发行； 排放，泄漏 常见搭配 release sb. from +地方 从某地释放某人 release stress释放压力 release the figures 公布数据 【知识梳理4】extend By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor. 截至此时，火势已蔓延至十六楼。 (1) vi. 延伸（距离） (2) vt. 扩大……的范围（或影响） 归纳拓展 extension n.[U,C] 扩大，延伸；[C]延期，延长期，放宽的期限 extensive adj.广阔的，广大的，大量的 【知识梳理5】 break out A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.周日晚上发生了一场可怕的火灾，使亨德森楼严重受损。 break out意为”(战争、打斗等不愉快事件）突然开始，爆发”，是不及物短语动词，不用于被动语态。 【知识梳理6】dozen The fire has also left dozens of people injured,5 of whom are in a critical condition.火灾还导致许多人受伤，其中5人情况危急。 dozen n.[pl.]许多；[C](一)打，十二个 常见搭配: dozens of 许多，很多(仅表示概数） 【知识梳理7】come about How do these differences come about 这些差异是如何产生的呢 (1) come about意为“产生，发生”，是不及物短语动词，不能接宾语，也不能用于被动语态。 (2) come about 常与how 连用，构成句型：How did it come about that.. ……是怎么发生的 How did it come about that you got lost 你怎么会迷路了呢 归纳拓展：come构成的其他短语： come across 偶然遇见；被理解，被弄懂 come on 加油，加把劲；得了吧；登台；发展 come out 出版、开花、升起来 【知识梳理8】in terms of Even if news reports are written from basically the same perspective, they may contradict each other in terms of factual details, as events in the real world are usually complicated and constantly changing. in terms of 意为“在……方面， 就……而言”。 归纳拓展： in the long/ short term 从长远/短期来看；长期内/短期内=in the long/short run 【知识梳理9】differ For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire. 比如，亨德森楼火灾的两篇新闻报道中，死亡人数存在差异。 differ vi. 不同于，相异；意见相左（无被动语态）→different adj.不同的→difference n.差异 differ from… 不同于…… differ in… 在……方面不同 【知识梳理10】conclusion When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information. 当我们发现这样的事实性差异时，不应该急于下结论，认为其中一篇新闻报道提供了错误的信息。 conclusion n.结论,推论;结束,结果;签订,达成→conclude v.推断;断定;决定→in conclusion 总而言之 常见搭配: rush to the conclusion 急于下结论 come to/ arrive at/ reach/ draw a conclusion 得出结论 jump to the conclusions 匆忙下结论 in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的结尾段，表示即将结束） 【知识梳理11】sum up To sum up, it is wise to read news reports written from various perspectives and at different stages, which brings us a more accurate understanding of a situation. 综上所述，明智的做法是阅读从不同角度出发、在不同阶段撰写的新闻报道，这能让我们更加准确地了解情况。 sum up 为短语动词，意为“总结，概括”。 归纳拓展：sum构成的其他短语： in sum总之，总而言之 to sum up总之，总的来说（常位于句首） a large sum of money 一大笔钱 【知识梳理12】be committed to Though journalists are committed to presenting the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.尽管记者致力于呈现真相，我们最好还是运用自己的判断力，而非完全依赖新闻报道。 be committed to doing sth 致力于做某事 常见搭配： be committed to(doing)sth. 致力于（做）某事=commit oneself to doing sth commitment n.承诺,许诺;献身,投入;花费 →commit vt.承诺,保证;犯(罪);花(钱或时间) vi.全身心投人;忠于→committed adj.坚定的;尽心尽力的 【知识梳理13】重点词汇词性拓展 1.critical adj.批评的,批判性的;关键的;危急的 →critically adv.危急地;批评性地→criticism n.批评;责备;评论→critic n.批评家,评论家;挑剔的人 →criticize v.批评;评论→critical thinking 批判性思维 construction n.建筑,建造;建造物→construct vt.建造,构建;创立→constructive adj.建设性的 →under construction 正在建造中 minor adj. 轻微的,次要的→minority adj.少数的;属于少数派的 n.少数派; 少数民族 →反义词：majority n.大多数→major v.主修； adj. 主要的 bath n.洗澡,洗浴;浴缸,浴盆→bathe v.洗澡→现在分词：bathing automatic adj.自动的;无意识的,不假思索的→automatically adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地 investigate vt.& vi.侦查,调查;研究 →investigation n.调查;科学研究→investigator n.调查者;侦查员 journalist n.新闻记者,新闻工作者→journalism n.新闻业,新闻工作→journal n.报纸,杂志 priority n.优先事项.首要事情;优先权,重点→ prior adj.优先的;在前面的→be prior to.........优先于.......... contradict vt.相矛盾.相反:反驳.驳斥→contradictory adj.相互矛盾的→contradiction n.矛盾;反驳 搭配：be contradictory to 与...相反 factual adj.事实的,真实的→factually adv.真实地;确实地 false adj .错误的,不真实的;非天生的;假的,伪造的;不真诚的→falsely adv.错误地;虚伪地;不实地 minimum n最小值,最少量adj.最低的,最小的→minimize v.使最小化 maximum n.最大量,最大限度adj.最高的,最多的→maximize v.使最大化 accurate adj.正确无误的;精确的→accurately adv.精确地,准确地→accuracy n.精确,准确 discrimination n.辨别力;识别力;歧视,区别对待→discriminate v.歧视;区别;辨别 curiosity n.好奇心,求知欲;奇物,珍品→curious adj.好奇的,求知欲强的→curiously adv.好奇地 搭配：out of curiosity出于好奇心 【精题精练精讲】 一、单词拼写 1. C__________ thinking is to think logically and develop an ability to ask questions or ask for evidence for a particular subject. 2. We are advised to walk and play in the surrounding countryside to r_________ stress. 3. If you are t__________ in the elevator, please press the button immediately. 4. The twins look alike, but they d___________ greatly in personality. 5. Nowadays the __________(优先事项) for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. 6. The museum plans to __________ (延长) its opening hours to make it more convenient for tourists to visit it. 7. A good__________(新闻记者) needs to be curious and can acquire information by asking many different questions. 8. Some people believe the news released on the print media is usually more__________(精确的) and reliable. 9. The animals can choke or starve after becoming t__________ by fishing ropes or nets. 10. F___________ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art. 二、词汇拼写 1. You have every right to feel ___________(背叛) by your friend if she did tell your secrets to others. 2. She ___________ (道歉) to her teacher for not having finished her homework on time. 3. There are thousands of people like him in the city, __________(乞讨) on the street. 4. They ___________(承认) that they had completely failed. 5. Please accept my s____________ (真诚) thanks for what you have done for these years. 6. The best information about hotels usually comes from friends and _____________(熟人) who have been there. 7. All applicants will be considered ____________(不管) of ages, gender, religion or nationality. 8. The ______________(环境) pollution here is very serious, which the government should not take no notice of. 9. Jack lay on the sofa, ________________(全神贯注) in his book. 10. He was charged with _____________(非法) using a handgun. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _________(do) for me. 2. - Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation - We _________ (be) busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. 3. By the time Jack returned home from England, his son _________ (graduate) from college. 4. Experiments of this kind _________ (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War. 5. We found that the least well-liked teens _________ (become) more aggressive over time towards their classmates. 6. As soon as he saw the photos, he realized why he _________ (fail) to spot the caldera. 7. It was the last time that he _________ (meet) his father. 8. He said on the phone that he _________ (arrive) in London. 9.Joseph Pulitzer ___________(bear) on April 10, 1847, in Hungary. 10.He became an American citizen in 1860s. By then he ___________(learn) very little English. 【答案】 一、1-5 critical relieve trapped differ priority 6-10 extend journalist accurate trapped founded 二、1.betrayed 2.apologized 3.begging 4.admitted 5.sincere 6.acquaintances 7.regardless 8.environmental 9.(be) absorbed 10.illegally 三、1-5 had done had been had graduated had been graduated had become 6-10 had failed had met had arrived was born had learnt 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 To hug or not to hug That’s the question right now. ____1____ Depending on where you live, many of us are vaccinated (打疫苗). But it’s hard to know for sure before you hug whether or not the person you’re leaning into has got vaccinated. Meanwhile, many of us are longing for the warmth of a hug after long stretches of social isolation. Humans biologically need touch, and a good long hug is one of the best ways to get it. Degge White, a professor at Northern Illinois University, says that our need for a hug goes all the way back to the survival of our species. When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive. ____2____ “When we hug, our brains release oxytocin, the bonding hormone (荷尔蒙), as well as serotonin and endorphins.” ____3____ Because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was very important to survival. Close contact helped build civilization. As a result, our brains need each other—and when we miss out, it can have psychological repercussions (心理影响). “When we can’t hug, we don’t get that feeling of good hormones.” We may not know what we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it. ____4____ An air greeting is not enough. Research published in the journal Psychological Science has shown that hugging has a “stress buffering (缓冲)” effect that may even protect us from illness and infections. Some people grow up in more formal households where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant. In both cases, when children don’t experience healthy touch, it can impact their development. Kids who didn’t grow up being held miss out on that sense of safety and protection. They may act out or isolate from those around them. ____5____ Some children may show too much affection, desiring any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home. A. In some cases, the opposite may also be true. B. This bond and sense of community has an important role. C. We’re in an uncertain place in the world of greetings manner. D. It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness. E. When friends reach out in preparation for a hug, they feel hormones increasing. F. We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good chemicals that come from a comfortable hug. G. The lack of touching might imply cold attitudes in interpersonal relationships. 【答案】16. C 17. F 18. B 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是我们为什么需要拥抱。 【16题详解】 空前说“To hug or not to hug That’s the question right now.(拥抱还是不拥抱？这就是现在的问题。)”，空后说“Depending on where you live, many of us are vaccinated (打疫苗). But it’s hard to know for sure before you hug whether or not the person you’re leaning into has got vaccinated.(取决于你生活的地方，我们中的许多人都接种了疫苗，但在你拥抱之前，很难确定你要拥抱的人是否接种了疫苗。)”，因此空格处应该说我们现在对于要不要采用拥抱这种问候方式是不确定的，C选项“We’re in an uncertain place in the world of greetings manner.(在问候方式的世界里，我们处在一个不确定的位置。)”说明了我们处在不确定的位置，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选C。 【17题详解】 空前说“When we’re born, we can’t care for ourselves and we need to be comfortable with being held in order to survive.(当我们出生时，我们不能照顾自己，为了生存，我们需要舒服地被抱着。)”，空格处应该说我们被抱着时会有什么感觉，F选项“We’re rewarded with a rush of feel-good chemicals that come from a comfortable hug.(一个舒适的拥抱会给我们带来一种感觉良好的化学物质。)”说明了我们被抱着会有什么感觉，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选F。 【18题详解】 空后说“Because for humans, the security of our small groups and later communities was very important to survival. Close contact helped build civilization.(因为对于人类来说，我们的小群体和后来的社区的安全对生存非常重要。)”，空格处应该说人们之间的联系很重要，B选项“This bond and sense of community has an important role.(这种纽带和社区意识有着重要的作用。)”引起下文人们之间的联系很重要，因此符合语境，故选B。 【19题详解】 空前说“We may not know what we’re getting from greeting our friends and family with a hug; we just enjoy it.(我们可能不知道用拥抱问候我们的朋友和家人会得到什么；我们只是享受它。)”，空格处应该说明如果我们有一天没有了拥抱会怎么样，D选项“It isn’t until those experiences are taken away that we feel pain and sadness.(直到这些经历消失，我们才会感到痛苦和悲伤。)”说明了我们没有了拥抱会觉得痛苦，“痛苦”和前面的“享受”相对应，故选D。 【20题详解】 空前“Some people grow up in more formal households where hugging isn’t common. Others may experience abuse that makes hugging unpleasant.(有些人在比较正式的家庭中长大，拥抱并不常见。其他人可能会经历虐待，让拥抱变得不愉快。)”，空后说“Some children may show too much affection, desiring any form of positive attention that they didn’t get at home.(有些孩子可能会表现出太多的爱，渴望他们在家里没有得到的任何形式的积极关注。)”，空格处应该是引起转折的，A选项“In some cases, the opposite may also be true.(在某些情况下，反过来也可能是真的。)”引出了和空前内容相反的下文，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选A。 二、完形填空 My daughter loved dancing until she didn’t love it. After an ____1____ first year, I noticed her interest fading week by week. Then one day, she slowly walked to me before class and asked if she could just ____2____ it. My first reaction was to advise her to “finish what you start”. ____3____, sticking with something difficult can teach perseverance, discipline and confidence. But watching my first grader ____4____ herself into each ballet position, I started to question how much ____5____ that “blanket advice” made. Is it really in my kid’s best ____6____, or even practical, to make her stick to every commitment through until she reaches a bitter end What if there are different but ____7____ valuable qualities, which can be gained by ____8____ the things that are not right for her. After a few days’ consideration, she decided dance wasn’t for her — a choice I ____9____. Quitting is never a black and white issue. Sometimes, it means _____10_____ a barrier in your way to love something else. In my daughter’s case, ending dance made space for her new hobbies, such as horseback riding and Girl Scouts. She’s into them for now, but it is okay if that _____11_____ changes. As adults, we are accustomed to _____12_____ the power of saying yes, but what about saying no The ability to recognize when something isn’t an _____13_____ investment of our time or energy is also important. As my daughter gets older, I want her to feel confident to _____14_____ something that’s no longer meeting her needs. She shouldn’t be held back by the thought that she must finish something at any cost _____15_____ because she has started. 1. A. depressing B. independent C. unbearable D. enthusiastic 2. A. make B. join C. skip D. try 3. A. In addition B. At most C. After all D. By contrast 4. A. addict B. expose C. enjoy D. drag 5. A. time B. sense C. energy D. pity 6. A. honor B. help C. interest D. behavior 7. A. hardly B. equally C. partly D. seemingly 8. A. letting go of B. fixing up C. making up for D. looking up 9. A. suspected B. required C. supported D. regretted 10. A. tolerating B. crossing C. challenging D. clearing 11. A. even B. still C. once D. yet 12. A. stressing B. experiencing C. warning D. ignoring 13. A. appropriate B. unfair C. extra D. informal 14. A. decorate B. abandon C. treasure D. practise 15. A. slightly B. roughly C. nearly D. merely 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. A 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文通过讲述作者让女儿在不愿意的情况下坚持学习舞蹈这件事，说明作者认为作为成年人要适当地尊重孩子们的意愿，不要随意为他们做决定。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在热情地度过了第一年之后，我注意到她的兴趣一周比一周消退。A. depressing令人沮丧的；B. independent独立的；C. unbearable难以承受的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据前文“My daughter loved dancing”可知，我的女儿热爱舞蹈，推断出之前她对学习舞蹈这件事是有热情的。故选D项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后有一天，她在上课前慢慢走到我面前，问我是否可以不参加。A. make制作；B. join参加；C. skip不参加；D. try尝试。根据前文“her interest fading week by week”可知，女儿学舞蹈的热情逐渐消退了，推断出她不想参加舞蹈课，skip意为“不参加”，符合句意。故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：毕竟，坚持做一些困难事情可以培养毅力、纪律和信心。A. In addition另外；B. At most最多；C. After all毕竟；D. By contrast相比下。根据后文“sticking with something difficult can teach perseverance, discipline and confidence. ”可知，坚持做一些困难的事情可以培养毅力、纪律和信心是作者觉得女儿应该坚持学习舞蹈的理由，但是她的女儿想要放弃学习舞蹈，after all意为“毕竟”，表示和预期情况相反，符合句意。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但看着我的女儿费力做着每一个芭蕾舞姿势，我开始质疑“一刀切的建议”有多大意义。A. addict上瘾；B. expose暴露；C. enjoy喜欢；D. drag拖拽。根据前文“Then one day, she slowly walked to me before class and asked if she could just ____2____ it.”可知，作者的女儿不愿意学舞蹈，推断出作者的女儿做这件事是费力的，drag oneself into sth.意为“费力做某事”。符合句意。故选D项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但看着我的女儿费力做着每一个芭蕾舞姿势，我开始质疑“一刀切的建议”有多大意义。A. time时间；B. sense感觉；C. energy能量；D. pity可惜。根据前文“My first reaction was to advise her to “finish what you start”.”可知，我之前建议孩子继续学下去，推断出我看到孩子很吃力时，开始质疑之前所给建议的意义，make sense意为“有意义”符合句意。故选B项。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：让她坚持每一个承诺，直到她走到痛苦的结局，这真的符合我孩子的最大利益吗，甚至是现实吗？A. honor荣誉；B. help帮助；C. interest利益；D. behavior行为。根据前文“I started to question how much ____5____ that “blanket advice” made.”可知，我开始质疑我的做法是不是对孩子有益，interest意为“利益”符合句意。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果有不同但同样有价值的品质，可以通过放下不适合她的东西来获得呢？A. hardly几乎不；B. equally相等地；C. partly部分地；D. seemingly看似。but表示转折关系，说明作者既想要不同的爱好但是又希望新爱好具有相同的价值，equally意为“相等地”，符合句意。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果有不同但同样有价值的品质，可以通过放下不适合她的东西来获得呢。A. letting go of放开；B. fixing up固定；C. making up for弥补；D. looking up查阅。根据后文“she decided dance wasn’t for her”可知，她决定不再学习舞蹈，说明作者认为应该放下不适合的东西。故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几天的考虑，她决定跳舞不适合她——我支持这个选择。A. suspected怀疑；B. required要求；C. supported支持；D. regretted后悔。根据后文“In my daughter’s case, ending dance made space for her new hobbies, such as horseback riding and Girl Scouts.”可知，我的女儿放弃了舞蹈又学习了骑马和女童军，说明作者对于女儿不学舞蹈的决定是支持的。故选C项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时候，这意味着要扫清一道障碍，去爱别的东西。A. tolerating容忍；B. crossing穿过；C. challenging挑战；D. clearing清理。根据前文“But watching my first grader ____4____ herself into each ballet position”可知，作者看见女儿吃力地练习舞蹈，她认为这件事情变成了生活中的障碍，她认为放弃学舞蹈就是在清除障碍。故选D项。 【31题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她现在很喜欢，但如果这种情况仍然改变也没关系。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. once一旦，曾经；D. yet但是。but表示转折关系，前面提到作者的女儿对于现在的爱好很喜欢，推断出作者认为她仍然改变选择也没关系。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为成年人，我们习惯于强调说是的力量，但说不呢？A. stressing强调；B. experiencing经历；C. warning警告；D. ignoring忽视。根据前文“ticking with something difficult can teach perseverance, discipline and confidence.”作者之前认为坚持学舞蹈这件事能带来很多好处，推断出这是她在强调“是”的力量，即坚持的力量。故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当某件事不是对我们时间或精力的适当投资时，认识到这一点的能力也很重要。A. appropriate适当的；B. unfair不公平的；C. extra额外的；D. informal非正规的。根据前文“she decided dance wasn’t for her”，可知，女儿认为学舞蹈不适合她，也说明作者认为当某件事不是对我们时间或精力的适当投资时，认识到这一点的能力也很重要。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着女儿年龄的增长，我希望她有信心放弃一些不再满足她的需求的东西。A. decorate装饰；B. abandon放弃；C. treasure珍惜；D. practise练习。根据前文“Quitting is never a black and white issue.”可知，作者认为，放弃没有对错之分，推断出她希望女儿有信心放弃一些不再满足她的需求的东西。故选B项。 【35题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她不应该因为已经开始就认为必须不惜一切代价完成某件事。A. slightly轻微地；B. roughly粗略地；C. nearly几乎；D. merely只不过。根据后文“because she has started”可知，作者觉得因为已经开始这个理由就要继续坚持是不必要的，而这个理由也只不过是一件不重要的事情罢了，merely意为“只不过”，符合句意。故选D项。 三、语法填空 Amid an industrial area ____1____ (lie) in Shenzhen’s Longgang district, packed with factories and migrant workers’ residences, the Green Rose Social Work Service Center is a second home to many female workers and their children. Kids often spend time there after school, doing homework or playing in the activity space. Apart from after-school care services and tutoring sessions, there are also ____2____ (intention) deigned art activities for the children, including a photography exhibition project that asks them to take pictures of the industrial area, and a play that ____3____ (allow) them to express their feelings about migrancy. Green Rose was originally established as a platform ____4____ female migrantworkers can be empowered. Ding Dang, founder of Green Rose, used to be a migrant worker herself. She believes that although women workers have huge potential, their personal development is often restricted due to a lack ____5____ resources. Ding Dang founded Green Rose with the core belief ____6____ female workers would make important ____7____ (contribute) to families and society. The organization ____8____ (work) to build a safe, healthy and equal community in the last few years. Ding Dang hopes to raise awareness for the efforts ____9____ (devote) by Green Rose, and to demonstrate how women are supporting and empowering one another as well as their children in ____10____ outlying industrial community. 【答案】36. lying 37. intentionally 38. allows 39. where 40. of 41. that 42. contributions 43. has worked/has been working 44. devoted 45. an 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个帮助女性工人的组织——绿玫瑰社会服务中心。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在深圳龙岗区的一个工业区，到处都是工厂和农民工的住所，绿玫瑰社会工作服务中心是许多女性工人及其子女的第二家园。句子已有谓语动词is且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语area和lie之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填lying。 【37题详解】 考查副词。句意：除了课外照顾服务和辅导课程，还有专门为孩子们设计的艺术活动，包括让他们拍摄工业区的摄影展览项目，以及让他们表达对移民的感受的游戏。修饰形容词designed应用所给词的副词形式。故填intentionally。 【38题详解】 考查时态。句意同上。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，主语that指代先行词a play，且陈述客观事实，故谓语动词用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填allows。 【39题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：绿玫瑰最初是作为女性农民工赋权的平台而建立的。空处引导限制性定语从句，代替先行词platform在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 【40题详解】 考查介词。句意：她认为，虽然女性员工有巨大的潜力，但她们的个人发展往往因缺乏资源而受到限制。a lack of“缺乏”是固定短语。故填of。 【41题详解】 考查同位语从句。句意：丁当创立绿玫瑰的核心信念是女性员工将为家庭和社会做出重要贡献。分析可知，空处引导同位语从句，对名词belief进行解释说明，从句成分和意义都完整，应用连接词that引导。故填that。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处应填名词作宾语，contribution“贡献”是可数名词，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填contributions。 【43题详解】 考查时态。句意：在过去几年中，本组织一直致力于建设一个安全、健康和平等的社区。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语in the last few years判断为现在完成时；也可看作强调动作的延续性，用现在完成进行时。主语organization是第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has worked/has been working。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：丁当希望借此提高人们对“绿玫瑰”所做努力的认识，并展示在一个偏远的工业社区，女性是如何相互支持、赋予她们的孩子权力的。空处应填非谓语动词作名词efforts的后置定语，devote和它之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填devoted。 【45题详解】 考查冠词。句意同上。community“社区”是可数名词，此处为泛指，且修饰词outlying的发音是元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Ever been hungry enough to eat a house Now, you actually could. Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement (水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also eatable. Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming. As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environment-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide release. After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind (黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage and even lunchbox leftovers. Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of eatable emergency shelters in disaster ones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it. 1. What’s mainly talked about in paragraph 1 and 2 A. The functions of this particular cement. B. The effects of food waste in the whole world. C. The characteristics of the newly made cement. D. The process of transforming food waste to cement. 2. Which is one of Kota and Yuya’s purposes in making use of food waste A. To handle global climate change. B. To extend concrete’s service life. C. To offer Fabula Inc. more cement. D. To warn how serious food waste is. 3. What made the experiment of making cement out of food waste harder A. Making sure to make cement tasty. B. Selecting correct food waste timely. C. Getting cement broken apart easily. D. Adjusting the temperatures constantly. 4. What does the underlined word “makeshift” in the last paragraph mean A. bendable. B. commercial. C. recyclable. D. temporary. 【答案】8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种用粮食垃圾制造的一种新型可以食用的水泥。 【8题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also eatable. (这是第一个完全从食物垃圾中制造水泥的过程。研究人员表示，他们的产品的强度是传统混凝土的四倍。这种特殊的水泥也可以用来制作茶杯或椅子之类的东西。然而，它还有一个额外的特点——它也是可以吃的。)”可知，这两段主要讨论了新制水泥的特点。故选C项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming. (Kota和Yuya是Fabula公司成立背后的智慧，这家公司的宗旨是减少食物浪费，帮助对抗全球变暖。)”可知，Kota和Yuya利用食物垃圾是为了应对全球气候变化。故选A项。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures. (最具挑战性的部分是每种食物垃圾需要不同的温度。)”可知，需要不断调节温度让从食物垃圾中制造水泥的实验变得更加困难。故选D项。 【11题详解】 词句猜测题。划线词句前文“Their product could provide relief in the form of eatable emergency shelters in disaster ones. (他们的产品可以在灾难中以可食用的紧急避难所的形式提供救济。)”说明他们的产品可以用作临时紧急避难所，从而推知划线词句“For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement. (例如，如果食物不能送到人们手中，他们可以吃用食品水泥做成的makeshift床。)”其中划线词汇意思为“临时的，暂时的”，即：如果赈灾食品不能及时到位，被困人员可以吃食品水泥做成的临时床救急，故选D项。 B Advanced technology brings with it a lot of benefits to us. You can now prevent the speech of a single target person from being recorded by using a device called voice jammer. Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的). Such voice jammers generally stop electronic eavesdropping (窃听) on conversations by broadcasting inverse sound waves that affect all microphones within earshot. This can prevent nearby people’s phones from picking up their voices if they try to make a call, and can stop them interacting with smart assistants, warning that something strange is going on. Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else. They did this by training an artificial intelligence called a neural network to isolate (隔断) a speaker’s voice, allowing the jammer to create an inverse sound matched to their speech. Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice. The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful. 1. How do voice jammers prevent a speech from being recorded A. By playing inverse sound waves. B. By interacting with smart assistants. C. By keeping wave pattern unchanged. D. By broadcasting different sound waves. 2. What does Paragraph 6 focus on A. Stressing the importance of NEC. B. Showing the steps of using NEC. C. Describing the disadvantages of NEC. D. Explaining the working theory of NEC. 3. What does the passage mainly talk about A. The NEC blocking voices. B. A device against eavesdropping. C. A bug playing inverse sound waves. D. The technology changing the speech. 4. What might be discussed in the following paragraph A. Disadvantages of voice jammers. B. Public opinions on voice jammers. C.Further development of voice jammers. D. Potential applications of voice jammers. 【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是一项叫NEC的声音干扰器的相关信息。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Voice jammers work much like noise-canceling headphones, which effectively remove unwanted background sound waves out of existence by playing back a copy of the unwanted sound with its wave pattern inverted (反向的).(语音干扰器的工作原理很像降噪耳机，通过反向播放不需要的声音的副本，有效地消除了不需要的背景声波。)”可知，语音干扰器是通过播放反向声波来防止讲话被录音，故选A。 【13题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第六段的“Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones. This bug introduces sounds at set distances above and below the microphone’s recording frequencies. NEC is able to play its inverse speech in the ultrasonic (超声波) range, so that humans can’t hear it. Doing this at the point of recording provides the necessary frequencies to secretly block an audible voice.(他们的工具叫做NEC，并不是发送可听到的声音，而是利用了除了最昂贵的麦克风之外所有麦克风都存在的一个漏洞。此错误在麦克风的录音频率上下设定的距离引入声音。NEC能够在超声波范围内播放逆语音，这样人类就听不到了。在录音时这样做可以提供必要的频率来秘密地屏蔽声音。)”可知，第6段主要阐述了NEC的工作原理。故选D。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第五段的“Now Qiben Yan at Michigan State University and his colleagues have created a voice jammer that can target a specific voice without causing interruption to anyone else.(现在，密歇根州立大学的严启本和他的同事们发明了一种声音干扰器，可以针对特定的声音，而不会打断其他人。)”和第六段的“Rather than sending an audible sound, their tool, called Neural Enhanced Cancellation (NEC), makes use of a bug found in all but the most expensive microphones.(他们的工具叫做NEC，并不是发送可听到的声音，而是利用了除了最昂贵的麦克风之外所有麦克风都存在的一个漏洞。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项叫NEC的声音干扰器的相关信息，故选B。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“The team found that NEC blocked voices on a range of smartphones from Apple, Xiaomi and Samsung at a distance of up to 3.6 metres. And this technology could be useful.(研究小组发现，NEC在苹果、小米和三星的一系列智能手机上屏蔽了高达3.6米的声音。这项技术可能很有用。)”可知，接下来的一段可能会介绍语音干扰器的潜在应用。故选D。 二、写作 (满分15分) 假定你是李华，报名参加学校“Be Sporty, Be Healthy”为主题的演讲比赛。请你写一份英文演讲稿。内容包括： 1.问题：因学业紧张，疏于活动； 2.建议：要合理安排，正常锻炼。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右，文章标题和首尾句已给出，不计入总词数; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Be Sporty, Be Healthy Hello, everyone! I feel honored to be here to talk to you on exercise. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Be Sporty, Be Healthy Hello, everyone! I feel honored to be here to talk to you on exercise. In our intense study, it is very important to have a healthy body. But due to the academic stress, many students ignore sports, which makes them sick. Therefore, they can’t be healthy to engage in learning activities. I suggest that in our spare time, we should arrange reasonable time to exercise, such as jogging or walking every day, and also take part in more extracurricular sports, such as playing basketball, playing badminton and swimming. Finally, I hope everyone can form the habit of regular exercise so that we can have a healthy body. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生参加学校举办的以“Be Sporty, Be Healthy”为主题的演讲比赛，要求考生写一份英文演讲稿。内容包括：当前学生因学业紧张，疏于活动的问题；要合理安排，正常锻炼的建议。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→ essential 因为：due to → owing to/because of 因此：therefore→ thus 参加：take part in→ participate in 2.句式拓展 同义句转化 原句：But due to the academic stress, many students ignore sports, which makes them sick. 拓展句：But because there is plenty of the academic stress , many students ignore sports, which makes them sick. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I suggest that in our spare time, we should arrange reasonable time to exercise, such as jogging or walking every day, and also take part in more extracurricular sports, such as playing basketball, playing badminton and swimming.（运用了that引导的宾语从句以及从句中使用了虚拟语气） 【高分句型2】Finally, I hope everyone can form the habit of regular exercise so that we can have a healthy body.（运用了so that引导的状语从句）