Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Sports Culture Grammar and usage & Integrated skills 导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-06 11:16:40 | ||
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年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U2-2 Grammar and usage - Integrated skills
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：amateur n. 业余爱好者，业余运动员，外行，生手 adj. 业余的，外行的，不熟练的 反义词：professional A fellow journalist once told me that if you are not writing every day, then you are an amateur. 知识点2：gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐步地，逐渐地 gradual adj. ①逐渐的；逐步的；渐进的 反义词：sudden ②（斜坡）平缓的；不陡的 His interest in this subject gradually decreases. 知识点3：session n. ①[C]一场；一节；一段时间 a photo / training session 拍照、训练时段 ②[C, U]（法庭的）开庭，开庭期；（议会等的）会议，会期 ③[C]学年 ④[C]（酒吧里的）演奏会 知识点4：limit n. 限额， 限度，限制，限量，数列的极限，界限 vt. 限制，限定，限量，减少 (1) limit. . . to . . . 把……限定在……范围内 (2) set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围 within the limits of 在……范围内 beyond the limit 超过限度; 超越极限 (3) limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的; 无止境的 I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. 知识点5：walk on air 欢天喜地，得意洋洋，飘飘然 He walked on air for getting a high mark. Knowing that I would be promoted to be director of marketing, I felt like walking on air. (1) by air 乘飞机; 通过航空途径 on the air 在广播, 广播中 in the air 在空中; 悬而未决; 在流传中; 不设防 (2) float/walk on air 欢天喜地; 得意洋洋 (3) airs and graces 摆架子; 装腔作势 知识点6：keep sth in perspective 正确客观地看待...... When asked why the experiment failed, we kept the issue in perspective. “keep+宾语+介词短语(作宾补)”结构常用短语: (1) keep one’s distance from . . . =keep . . . at a distance与……保持距离/疏远 keep. . . in mind记住…… keep . . . under control控制…… (2) keep one’s eyes on注视, 盯着看, 关注 keep an eye on照看; 留意; 密切注视 知识点7：opponent n. 对手，反对者，敌手，竞争者 adj. 反对的，敌对的 I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his opponent. He knocked down his opponent with a powerful left. 知识点8：dignity n. 尊贵，尊严，自尊，高贵 He entered the room with dignity. 知识点9：unselfish adj. 无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的 近义词：selfless 反义词：selfish unselfishly adv. unselfishness n.[U] 【同步语法梳理】 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1．基本结构：was/were being＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋was/were being＋动词过去分词＋其他。 Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then. 那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。 (2)否定句：主语＋was/were not being＋动词过去分词＋其他。 The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋动词过去分词＋其他？ Were the witnesses being questioned by police when you got there last night 昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，警方是不是正在询问目击者？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋was/were＋(主语＋) being＋动词过去分词＋其他？ What was being done to the machine then 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 2．意义：过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有：then，this time last year，at that time。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 3．过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，如要表达这种情况，需要用完成时态的被动语态。 The cause of this accident was being investigated twice.(×) The cause of this accident has been investigated twice.(√) The dam there was being built for three months.(×) The dam there has been built for three months.(√) 4．过去进行时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态的区别 过去进行时的被动语态强调的是过去的某个特定时间正在进行的被动动作；而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动的动作已经发生了。 The research was being done when the professor went into the lab last night. 昨天晚上教授进入实验室的时候，研究正在进行。 Some computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些电脑被偷了。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1．基本结构：had been＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋had been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had been trapped in the burning house for nearly two hours before the firefighters came to his rescue. 在消防员来营救他之前，他已经被困在着火的房子里将近两个小时了。 (2)否定句：主语＋hadn’t been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 The injured were disappointed that the ambulance hadn’t been sent to the accident spot yet. 救护车仍然还没被派往事故现场，伤员很失望。 (3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他？ Had all the tickets been sold out by the time they got there 在他们到达那里之前，所有的票已经被卖完了吗？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋(主语＋) been＋动词过去分词＋其他？ What preventative measures had been taken before the earthquake took place 在这次地震发生之前，采取了什么样的防御性措施？ 2．意义：过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 3．用法： (1)用在told，said，knew，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。 He said that the books had already been sold out. 他说书已经被卖完了。 (2)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time we got there，he had been persuaded to give up his unpractical plan. 我们到那里时，他已经被说服放弃了他不切合实际的计划。 The false news report had been broadcast before the journalist discovered the truth. 在记者发现真相之前，这条假新闻已经被播放了。 (3)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场展销会已经做了好几个星期的广告了。 (4)在 It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the second time that the channel had been accused of reporting false news. 这是第二次这个频道被指控播放假新闻。 (5)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down. ＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down. 工作刚做完，雨就倾盆而下。 (6)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 He had to leave his house because it had been flooded. 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹了。 随堂语法练习 Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1．Three parts in the project (finish) as expected by the end of last month. 2．Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food (need)． 3．I remember well that the witness (question) by a journalist at that time. 4．People tend to focus on the first factor.However，greater attention should (place) on longevity(长寿)． 5．Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)．” 6．The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. 7．Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 8．In the past few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world. 9．As we all know，the 2022 Winter Olympics (hold) in Beijing，China. 10．After a day’s work，I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner，only to be told that it (decorate)． 【答案】1.had been finished2.was needed3.was being questioned4.be placed5.is constructed6. are called7.was given8.have been produced9.will be held10.was being decorated ⅠI.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1．A rescue worker risked his life to save two journalists who (trap) in the mountain for two days. 2．The trees (plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us. 3．Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 4．It was the second time that the young athlete (participate) in marathon. 5．In 1970，this was the longest bridge that (build) before in the remote area. 6．They were living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild)． 7．It’s high time that we (commit) ourselves to studying English. 8．The book (revise) many times before it was published. 9．When salt and fat (remove) from food，the food tastes tasteless. 10．A new cinema (construct) here and they hope to finish it next month. 【答案】1. had been trapped2.were being planted3.have taken4.had participated5.had been built6.was being rebuilt7.should commit/committed8.had been revised9.are removed10.is being constructed 【精题精练精讲】 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．You can build up arm strength and work your (胸部) muscles by doing push-ups. 2．Electricity lines to 30, 000 homes were (逐步) restored yesterday. 3．Take each foot in both your hands and rotate it to loosen and relax the (踝关节). 4．Jerry is an (业余爱好者) who dances just for recreation and fun. 5．I think we’ve learned a lot about one another in this (一段时间). 6．He behaved himself with (优雅)and pride in his life. 7．Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s d (尊严) into pieces. 8．She achieved (名望)as a movie star overnight. 9．She started to get a reputation as an (无私的) girl with a heart of gold. 答案：1．chest 2．gradually 3．Ankle 4．amateur 5．session 6．grace 7．dignity 8．celebrity 9．Unselfish 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．The injured man (accept) by the hospital staff so he had to leave. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 2．A study in 1970 found that 80,000 computers (use) in business then in the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．As far as I am concerned, this was one of the most special questions that (ever raise) at such a meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Travelling abroad (limit) to rich tourists decades ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．A new app for learning English (design) by the end of last week. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 6．By the end of last year, another magic design (complete). （用所给词的适当形式填空） 7．Martin felt that cold water (throw) on his plans after everyone laughed at his intentions.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 8．The manager was satisfied to see many new products （develop） after great effort. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 9．More than seven million people have been (影响) by drought. （根据汉语提示拼写单词） 10．He complained that this was the third time he of the changes of the meeting date. 他抱怨说，这是他第三次被告知会议日期的变化。 11．Unfortunately, he was (dismiss) from the job and led a miserable life. (用适当的词填空) 12．Li Ping said that his bike (repair) then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The thief (question) by the police when his father came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Researchers warned that fireflies (threaten) by light pollution and pesticides, which may cause their extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The experiment (conduct) in the lab when the power cut occurred. (所给词的适当形式填空) 答案：1.hadn’t been accepted 2．were being used 3．had ever been raised 4．was limited 5．had been designed 6. had been completed 7．had been thrown 8．developed 9．affected/influenced 10．had been informed 11．dismissed 12．was being repaired 13．was being questioned 14．were being threatened/had been threatened 15．was being conducted 三、用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余 give birth to; participate in; die out; realize one's dream; recognize...as...; lead to; side by side; bring...back to life; be identical to; devote oneself to; come to one's attention; make joint efforts 1. Dinosaurs could not survive in the present day even if it is possible to ____________________. 2. She always remembered the first time he ______________________． 3. They enjoy ______________ a wide variety of activities, both locally and further afield. 4. Only by ______________ can parents and children bridge the generation gap between them. 5. Today landscape architecture ______________ a branch of the fine arts. 6. Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating(变化), and sometimes they ______________ new ones. 7. She gladly gave up her part time job to __________________ her art. 8. They walked ____________________ through the long gallery, discussing something. 9. With the development of modern industry, many of the traditional crafts(手艺) ______________． 10. Sometimes a bit of selfishness, if it ______________ greater self knowledge, is no bad thing. 答案：1.bring back to life 2.came to her attention 3.participating in 4. making joint efforts 5. is identical to 6. give birth to 7. devote herself to 8. side by side 9. have died out 10.leads to 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering (乱丢废物）is often taken lightly. But it’s more severe than we may think. ___1___This seems to be a completely harmless action due to the fact that if s part of a fruit—right Actually, no. A banana peel (皮）can take up to two years to decompose (分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel or a cigarette butt has a similar decomposing term to that of a banana. But tin and aluminium (铝）cans last up to 100 years. ____2____ It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer. ____3____ For example, despite its fairly short decomposing term, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded (丢弃）in the UK every day. Besides，our annual littering, which has increased by 500 percent since the 1960s, has caused the UK’s rat population to increase by 60 million. It’s not a cheap habit either: ____4____ So, ifs not surprising that if caught littering you could face a 20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you throw away something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. The punishments might seem severe. ____5____ So we still have some way to go in making sure people follow the rules. To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not littering. We need to truly care more about the world around us. A. Banana peels are among the most frequent littered stuff. B. But fear of the environmental impact of litter is on the rise. C. Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving. D. UK taxpayers pay 500 million in order to keep our streets clean. E. And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. F. However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished. G. But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. G 4. D 5. F 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类乱扔垃圾造成的结果，并呼吁大家不要乱扔垃圾，保护环境。 【36题详解】根据后文“A banana peel (皮）can take up to two years to decompose (分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse.”（一块香蕉皮需要两年时间才能分解，三分之一的司机承认在开车时乱扔垃圾，这会是一大堆香蕉皮，或者更糟糕。）可知C项“Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving.”（想象一下，在开车时把香蕉皮扔出车外的情景。）其中throwing a banana peel与后文banana peel相呼应，符合本句语境。故选C项。 【37题详解】根据前句“But tin and aluminium (铝）cans last up to 100 years.”（但是，锡和铝罐子可以持续100年。）可知E项“And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags.”（而塑料瓶和玻璃瓶及塑料袋一样，可以永远存在。）其中glass bottles and plastic bags与前句tin和cans形成呼应结构，均表示容器，符合语境。故选E项。 【38题详解】根据前文“It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer.”（诚然，更持久的材料会对环境及其动物造成更长时间的损害。）可知G项“But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.”（但我们不能简单地以某类垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重性。）其中its lifetime与前句中longer-lasting materials相呼应，符合本段语境。故选G项。 【39题详解】根据前句“It’s not a cheap habit either”（这也不是一个廉价的习惯）可知，D项“UK taxpayers pay 500 million in order to keep our streets clean.”（英国的纳税人支付了5亿英镑，以保持我们的街道清洁。）其中pay 500 million与前句中not a cheap habit形成呼应结构。故选D项。 【40题详解】根据前文“The punishments might seem severe”（惩罚可能看起来很严重）可知F项“However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished.”（然而，在报告的案件中，82.5万件中只有2000件受到了惩罚。）其中punished与前文The punishments相呼应，符合本段语境。故选F项。 二、完形填空 It’s common knowledge at this point that the more education you have, the more money you’ll make. But according to a new research released on Thursday, there are also a lot of____1____. Back in high school, Isis Harris never ____2____ herself working as an electrician — everyone around her was just so ____3____ on college. “College was the big thing in high school,”____4____ Harris, “The friends that I had there were going to college ... that’s what the big excitement was around.” After taking some college classes and holding lots of different jobs — Harris ____5____a course designed to let her____6____ different jobs in the construction industry. One of the activities ____7____ wiring a lightbulb(灯泡). “Wiring that lightbulb, I did it____8____and the light came on and I was like, ‘This is it!’ The light came on for me. That was the ____9____ for me.” Now she’s just a few months away from becoming a licensed journeyman electrician in Portland, Ore. She spends her days ____10____on a new construction site, and her hourly____11____adds up to about $80,000 for full-time work per year. Harris says she wishes she had found this path sooner. Back in high school, “nobody ever talked about becoming a blue-collar worker,” she says. “I think there was always a(n)____12____about this kind of job. However, it definitely provides the same type of lifestyle that a bachelor could.” One thing that could help ____13____ that misconception(误解), according to the report authors, would be for schools to employ more career consultants（顾问）to ____14____ students through the complex web of post-high school options. That’s how Isis Harris, in Portland, got her training to become an electrician, a career, she says, that helps her feel ____15____both physically and mentally. 1. A. achievements B. connections C. exceptions D. possibilities 2. A. regarded B. prepared C. regretted D. imagined 3. A. hard B. focused C. dependent D. impressed 4. A. argues B. concludes C. recalls D. observes 5. A. signed up for B. referred to C. set up D. dropped out of 6. A. introduce B. taste C. recognize D. discover 7. A. involved B. offered C. recommended D. inspired 8. A. swiftly B. correctly C. directly D. apparently 9. A. aim B. case C. occupation D. warning 10. A. inspecting B. wandering C. researching D. working 11. A. profit B. wage C. debt D. expense 12. A. agreement B. discussion C. adjustment D. misunderstanding 13. A. adopt B. challenge C. correct D. deny 14. A. instruct B. support C. shelter D. encourage 15. A. exhausted B. content C. relaxed D. relieved 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伊希斯·哈里斯在上完大学课程以及尝试不同工作后，最后成为一名收入颇丰的电工，找到人生价值的故事，旨在表明我们应正视职业教育，摒弃误解。 【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但根据周四发布的一项新研究，也有很多例外。A. achievements成就；B. connections连接；C. exceptions例外；D. possibilities可能性。根据后文描述的伊希斯·哈里斯成为电工，找到人生价值的故事，可知尽管大家普遍知道越是受教育，收入越高，但仍有例外，故选exceptions。故选C。 【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高中时，伊希斯·哈里斯从没想过自己会成为一名电工——她周围的人都太专注于大学生活了。A. regarded看作；B. prepared准备；C. regretted遗憾；D. imagined想象。根据后文“herself working as an electrician”可知在高中时期，伊希斯·哈里斯从来没有想过自己会成为一名电工。故选D。 【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高中时，伊希斯·哈里斯从没想过自己会成为一名电工——她周围的人都太专注于大学生活了。A. hard努力的；B. focused专注的；C. dependent依赖的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“that’s what the big excitement was around” 可知大家都想上大学，因此高中时身边的人对于上大学的目标都很明确，选focused。故选B。 【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“上大学是高中的大事，”哈里斯回忆道，“我在那里的朋友们都要上大学…… 这就是最令人兴奋的地方。”A. argues争论；B. concludes下结论；C. recalls回想，想起；D. observes观察。由后文中的伊希斯·哈里斯已经成为了一名电工，且已经毕业，因此现在他所说的话是在回想之前的高中生活。故选C。 【45题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在上了一些大学课程并从事过许多不同的工作之后，哈里斯报名参加了一个课程，该课程旨在让她体验建筑行业的不同工作。A. signed up for报名参加；B. referred to提及；C. set up建立；D. dropped out of退学。由前文中 “after taking some college classes and holding lots of different jobs” 中得知哈里斯并没有任何电工相关知识可知，她要报名参加课程来学习相关电工知识。故选A。 【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在上了一些大学课程并从事过许多不同的工作之后，哈里斯报名参加了一个课程，该课程旨在让她体验建筑行业的不同工作。A. introduce介绍；B. taste体验，品尝；C. recognize识别；D. discover发现。根据后文“different jobs in the construction industry”可知，在建筑工地接通电灯泡可以看出这项课程可以让哈里斯尝试和体验不同的工作。故选B。 【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一项活动是给灯泡配线。A. involved涉及，包含；B. offered提议；C. recommended建议；D. inspired鼓舞。根据下文“this is it! The light came on for me”可知，哈里斯参加的这些课程中包含了wiring a lightbulb。故选A。 【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我把灯泡装好了，然后灯亮了，我就想，‘就是它了! 灯为我亮了起来。”A. swiftly很快地；B. correctly正确地；C. directly直接地；D. apparently显然。后文中提到了 “the light came on for me” 得知哈里斯接通了灯泡，既然已经接通可推测出这里的副词为correctly，只有正确接通了，灯泡才能亮。故选B。 【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我的职业。”A. aim目的；B. case情况；C. occupation职业；D. warning警告。根据下文中“she wishes she had found this path” 以及“that’s how Isis Harris…a career” 和语境可知，当灯泡亮起来的时候，哈里斯意识到当一名电工就是所选择的职业，occupation符合语境。故选C。 【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她每天在一个新的建筑工地工作，全职工作每年每小时的工资加起来大约是8万美元。A. inspecting检查；B. wandering漫游；C. researching研究；D. working工作。根据前文中 “she’s just a few months away”得知自从哈里斯决定成为一名电工之后，她一直为此做出努力，因此这里推测出她花费了时间在建筑工地工作。故选D。 【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她每天在一个新的建筑工地工作，全职工作每年每小时的工资加起来大约是8万美元。A. profit利润；B. wage工资；C. debt债务；D. expense费用。根据后文“adds up to about $80,000 for full-time work per year”可知此处是在说明她的工资情况。故选B。 【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为人们对这种工作一直存在误解。A. agreement协议；B. discussion讨论；C. adjustment调整；D. misunderstanding误解。根据后文中misconception以及“it definitely provides…that a bachelor could” 可知，对于这类工作大家都有误解，misunderstanding符合语境。故选D。 【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告的作者认为，有一件事可以帮助纠正这种误解，那就是学校应该雇佣更多的职业顾问来指导学生完成复杂的高中毕业后选择网络。A. adopt采取；B. challenge挑战；C. correct纠正；D. deny否认。根据前文中提到人们对这类工作都有误解，但它和读大学后从事的职业相比并没有什么不同，因此对于这种误解，要做的就是纠正。故选C。 【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告的作者认为，有一件事可以帮助纠正这种误解，那就是学校应该雇佣更多的职业顾问来指导学生完成复杂的高中毕业后选择网络。A. instruct指示；B. support支持；C. shelter庇护；D. encourage鼓励。根据上文“schools to employ more career consultants to”可知要想帮助高中毕业生进行职业选择，聘用职业咨询师来指导他们就变得很重要。故选A。 【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：波特兰的伊希斯·哈里斯就是这样接受培训成为一名电工的，她说，这一职业让她在身体和精神上都感到满足。A. exhausted疲惫的；B. content满足的；C. relaxed放松的；D. relieved放心的。从哈里斯最早决定从事电工到后面的采访都可以看出哈里斯对于这份工作是满足的。故选B。 三、语法填空 Researches ____1____ (identify) two main ways in which we learn a foreign language since the 1950s. Firstly, experts talk of us acquiring (习得)language. This means ___2____ same as picking up language. They say that to learn a foreign language successfully, we need lots of exposure to it and that we learn when we ___3____ (surround) by language. We need to hear and read language which is rich in variety, interesting to us and just difficult enough for us (for example, just beyond our level) ____4____ not too difficult. We acquire language over a period of time without realizing that we are learning. Secondly, experts believe that to learn language successfully, we need to use it in communication ____5____ other people. We need to use language to express ____6____ (we) and make our meanings clear to them, and to understand them. The person we are talking to will let us know, directly or indirectly, if they have understood us or not. If they have not understood, we need to try again, ___7____ (use) other language until we manage to communicate ____8____ (effective). It is this process of struggling to make meaning clear ____9____ helps learners experiment with language and try out structures and vocabulary _____10_____ (learn) in daily interactions to see if they help them get their message across. 【答案】1. have identified 2. the 3. are surrounded 4. but 5. with 6. ourselves 7. using 8. effectively 9. that 10. learnt##learned 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。 【56题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，研究人员已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。根据时间状语“since the 1950s.”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语是Researches，助动词用have。故填have identified。 【57题详解】考查冠词。句意：这和学会语言是一样的。the same as为固定短语，意为“与……相同”。故填the。 【58题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们说，要想成功地学习一门外语，我们需要大量接触它，只有在语言环绕的环境中才能学习。空处为从句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语we和surround为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为we，be动词用are。故填are surrounded。 【59题详解】考查连词。句意：我们需要听和读的语言要丰富多彩，要有趣，要足够难(例如，要超出我们的水平)，但又不太难。“difficult enough”和“not too difficult”为转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。 【60题详解】考查介词。句意：其次，专家认为，要想成功地学习语言，我们需要在与他人的交流中使用它。communication with为固定短语，意为“与……交流”。故填with。 【61题详解】考查代词。句意：我们需要用语言来表达自己，让他们明白我们的意思，并理解他们。主语we和宾语所指相同，需用其对应的反身代词ourselves作宾语。故填ourselves。 【62题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们没有听懂，我们需要再次尝试，使用其他语言，直到我们成功地沟通。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，we和use为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填using。 【63题详解】考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词communicate需用副词effectively作状语。故填effectively。 【64题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是这种努力表达意思的过程，帮助学习者进行语言实验，并尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇，看看是否有助于他们理解自己的信息。“It is+被强调部分+that（强调人是可用who）+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处强调的是主语“this process of struggling to make meaning clear”，故填that。 【65题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处修饰structures and vocabulary，需用非谓语动词作定语，structures and vocabulary和learn为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填learnt/learned。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A One of the biggest icebergs ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. The giant block covers an area of about 6,000 sq km; that’s about a quarter the size of Wales, part of the United Kingdom. A US satellite observed the berg while passing over an area known as the Larsen C Ice Shelf (冰架). Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. The crack’s expansion had accelerated since 2014, making an upcoming calving (分离) ever more likely. The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored. Currents and winds might eventually push it north of the Antarctic where it could become a serious threat to shipping. The American space agency’s Aqua satellite noticed clear water in the crack between the shelf and the berg. The water is warmer relative to the surrounding ice and air. The event was confirmed by other spacecraft such as Europe’s Sentinel-1 satellite-radar system. The new Larsen berg is probably in the top 10 biggest ever recorded．The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. It came away from the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and measured some 11,000 sq km. Six years later, parts of this super-berg still existed and passed by New Zealand. In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation. The Larsen C Ice Shelf has been known to produce bigger bergs. An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away. 1. How did researchers view the appearance of the new Larsen berg A. It needed to be confirmed. B. It was smaller than expected. C. It came as no surprise. D. It was formed within a very short time. 2. What will researchers most probably do next A. Study the satellite-radar system. B. Keep a close eye on the new iceberg. C. Try to find the cause of the calving. D. Focus on the clear water in the crack. 3. Why does the author mention the iceberg formed in 1986 A. To give an example of Larsen’s bergs. B. To compare it with the new berg. C. To show where Larsen’s bergs often go. D. To explain why Larsen produces big bergs. 4. What can be the best title for the text A. The secret behind the phenomenon of calving. B. Larsen C Ice Shelf needs more attention. C. Some of the biggest bergs ever recorded. D. Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然现象——巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it.(十多年来，研究人员一直在跟踪拉森冰川上的一条大裂缝的发展，他们预计会出现这种情况)”可知，研究人员认为Larsen berg的出现并不令人意外，故选C。 【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored.(短时间内，厚冰山不会移动得很远，也不会移动得很快。但它需要被监控)”可知，研究人员接下来最有可能密切关注新冰山，故选B。 【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away.(1986年，一个面积约9000平方公里的物体消失了。许多拉森冰山可以进入威德尔海，或者跟随洋流进入南大洋，甚至进入南大西洋。这个大陆架上的大量冰山最终会在英国海外地区南乔治亚附近的浅海大陆架上被捕获，在那里它们会逐渐消失)”可推知，此处提到1986年形成的冰川是因为它是大型冰川消失的一个例子，故选A。 【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中心句“One of the biggest icebergs ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica.(有记录以来最大的冰山之一刚刚从南极洲脱离)”可知，文章介绍巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。因此本文的最佳标题为D项“Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica.(巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲)”。故选D。 B It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they tend(倾向) to forget how they themselves felt when young. For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Old people worry more easily. Most of them plan things in advance, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected. When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own, and if their parents don’t like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy. Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’ control. If you prefer to control your life, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do. 5. According to the text, young people prefer to __________. A. ask for advice before they really start to do anything B. think in the same way as their parents do C. be very strict with themselves D. do things without thinking carefully ahead 6. Why do young people like to have clothes, entertainment and music in their way A. Because they want to try on something new and look different from the older. B. Because they try to get their parents to be proud of them. C. Because they want to give their parents a big surprise. D. Because they want to test whether they are cleverer than old people. 7. According to the text, young people want to make a new culture of their own, because _________. A. they feel they are cleverer than old people B. they do not want to get into trouble with their parents C. they don’t feel they belong to the world of the old people D. they want to show the new is better than the old 8. If a young man intends to control his own life, it’s better for him to __________. A. do everything according to his own wish B. hold himself responsible for everything he does C. do everything beyond his parents’ control D. do everything the way his parents do 【答案】4. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 【解析】本文属于说明文，本文文章讲述的是年轻人不喜欢和他们的父母在一起，认为父母们不理解他们，作者对此现象进行了分析，并对年轻人提出了一些中肯的建议。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“young people like to act right away without much thinking”可知，年轻人喜欢不加思考就马上行动。故选D。 【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“ they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off (隔绝)from the older people’s world, 可知，年轻人并是不想制造麻烦，他们只是感觉跟年级大的人不在同一个世界里，与他们不同。由此可知，他们想尝试新东西，不同于老人。故选A。 【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段 “they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off (隔绝)from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted.”（他们无意制造任何麻烦;他们只是觉得自己与还没有被接受的老年人的世界隔绝了。）可知，他们觉得自己不属于老年人的世界。故选C。 【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you prefer to control your life, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.”（如果你喜欢控制你的生活，你最好赢得你的父母，并试着让他们理解你。如果你的父母看到你有高度的责任感，他们肯定会给你做你想做的事情的权利。）可推测出如果一个年轻人想要掌控自己的人生，那最好是要为自己所做的一切负责。故选B。 写作 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I am Russian, but for the last five years, I’ve lived in Kansas. What brought me to this country was my American husband, John. I work in a department store, where my coworkers pronounce my Russian name so sweetly. Every time I hear it, I feel as though my mom is embracing me. In my native country, people believe that Americans always keep big smiles on their faces even if they don’t have a real reason to do so. The American smile, the Russians have decided, is not genuine. Last year, John encouraged me to go see my mom back in Russia. My manager even gave me a month off for the trip. (When you live an ocean apart from your family, you need at least a month to visit them.) I bought a plane ticket and packed my suitcase. Then came COVID-19. My mood became gray as I realized I couldn’t go see my mom. A couple of weeks later, my sweet coworker Miss Donna, asked me. “So what’s happening with your trip to Russia ” I told her that I had to cancel it and that I wouldn’t be able to see my mom this year. Miss Donna didn’t say anything at first. Then she put on a big American smile and said, “Well, you can come over and see my mom!” Oh, my Lord! (That’s what my husband always says when he’s at a loss for words.) Imagine, a mom for loan! I honestly don’t know whether I would offer the same to someone in need of a mother’s warmth, but my new people sure would do it for me. I know that because of the virus you shouldn’t hug friends, but you can still embrace someone’s heart. That’s how my heart felt at that moment: hugged. So, yes, believe me, the American smile is genuine. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 It didn’t take long before Miss Donna invited me to call on her mom. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the dinner was ready, I was surprised to find there were several Russian dishes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Para 1: It didn’t take long before Miss Donna invited me to call on her mom. I could still remember it was a Saturday afternoon. The sun was sinking in the west when I knocked on the door. An aged woman answered it. The moment she saw me, a typical American smile lit up her face, which also drove my nervousness away. After my introduction, she warmly led me in, seated me on the sofa and called Miss Donna to chat with me, while she herself walked into the kitchen to prepare dinner for us. Para 2: When the dinner was ready, I was surprised to find there were several Russian dishes. Miss Donna’s mom smiled gently to me, “Make yourself at home.” Definitely she struck me as a lovely and caring mom, just like my mom. Over the dinner I told her about my hometown and she listened carefully with an understanding expression. The cuisine she made left a deep impression on me, but what struck me most was her warm smile, which was full of encouragement and love. Never before had I believed so firmly that a genuine smile was a ray of light, brightening up the day in the darkest time. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为疫情无法回俄罗斯看望母亲，同事唐娜小姐得知后，邀请作者去看望她的妈妈。唐娜小姐的妈妈热情地欢迎了作者，还准备了俄罗斯菜，给作者留下了深刻印象。 详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“没过多久，唐娜小姐就邀请我去拜访她妈妈。”可知，第一段可描写作者去拜访唐娜妈妈的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“当晚餐准备好时，我惊讶地发现有好几道俄罗斯菜。”可知，第二段可描写作者对唐娜妈妈的感受以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：拜访——受到欢迎——吃晚餐——印象深刻——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 拜访：call on / visit 回答：answer/ respond 印象深刻：leave a deep impression on / impress 情绪类 紧张：nervousness / tension 惊讶：surprised / amazed 【点睛】[高分句型1] The moment she saw me, a typical American smile lit up her face, which also drove my nervousness away. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The cuisine she made left a deep impression on me, but what struck me most was her warm smile, which was full of encouragement and love. (运用了what引导主语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句)
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：amateur n. 业余爱好者，业余运动员，外行，生手 adj. 业余的，外行的，不熟练的 反义词：professional A fellow journalist once told me that if you are not writing every day, then you are an amateur. 知识点2：gradually adv. 渐渐地，逐步地，逐渐地 gradual adj. ①逐渐的；逐步的；渐进的 反义词：sudden ②（斜坡）平缓的；不陡的 His interest in this subject gradually decreases. 知识点3：session n. ①[C]一场；一节；一段时间 a photo / training session 拍照、训练时段 ②[C, U]（法庭的）开庭，开庭期；（议会等的）会议，会期 ③[C]学年 ④[C]（酒吧里的）演奏会 知识点4：limit n. 限额， 限度，限制，限量，数列的极限，界限 vt. 限制，限定，限量，减少 (1) limit. . . to . . . 把……限定在……范围内 (2) set a limit to sth. 对……限定范围 within the limits of 在……范围内 beyond the limit 超过限度; 超越极限 (3) limited adj. 有限的 limitless adj. 无限制的; 无止境的 I'll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do. 知识点5：walk on air 欢天喜地，得意洋洋，飘飘然 He walked on air for getting a high mark. Knowing that I would be promoted to be director of marketing, I felt like walking on air. (1) by air 乘飞机; 通过航空途径 on the air 在广播, 广播中 in the air 在空中; 悬而未决; 在流传中; 不设防 (2) float/walk on air 欢天喜地; 得意洋洋 (3) airs and graces 摆架子; 装腔作势 知识点6：keep sth in perspective 正确客观地看待...... When asked why the experiment failed, we kept the issue in perspective. “keep+宾语+介词短语(作宾补)”结构常用短语: (1) keep one’s distance from . . . =keep . . . at a distance与……保持距离/疏远 keep. . . in mind记住…… keep . . . under control控制…… (2) keep one’s eyes on注视, 盯着看, 关注 keep an eye on照看; 留意; 密切注视 知识点7：opponent n. 对手，反对者，敌手，竞争者 adj. 反对的，敌对的 I tried to comfort him after he was defeated by his opponent. He knocked down his opponent with a powerful left. 知识点8：dignity n. 尊贵，尊严，自尊，高贵 He entered the room with dignity. 知识点9：unselfish adj. 无私的；忘我的；不谋私利的 近义词：selfless 反义词：selfish unselfishly adv. unselfishness n.[U] 【同步语法梳理】 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态 一、过去进行时的被动语态 1．基本结构：was/were being＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋was/were being＋动词过去分词＋其他。 Another bridge was being constructed over the Yellow River then. 那时黄河上正在建设另一座大桥。 (2)否定句：主语＋was/were not being＋动词过去分词＋其他。 The advertisement wasn’t being broadcast at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候没有播放这条广告。 (3)一般疑问句：Was/Were＋主语＋being＋动词过去分词＋其他？ Were the witnesses being questioned by police when you got there last night 昨天晚上你到那儿的时候，警方是不是正在询问目击者？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋was/were＋(主语＋) being＋动词过去分词＋其他？ What was being done to the machine then 那时正对这台机器采取什么措施？ 2．意义：过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。常用的时间状语有：then，this time last year，at that time。 He was being interviewed by our director yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午正在接受我们经理的面试。 3．过去进行时的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语连用，如要表达这种情况，需要用完成时态的被动语态。 The cause of this accident was being investigated twice.(×) The cause of this accident has been investigated twice.(√) The dam there was being built for three months.(×) The dam there has been built for three months.(√) 4．过去进行时的被动语态和一般过去时的被动语态的区别 过去进行时的被动语态强调的是过去的某个特定时间正在进行的被动动作；而一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动的动作已经发生了。 The research was being done when the professor went into the lab last night. 昨天晚上教授进入实验室的时候，研究正在进行。 Some computers were stolen last night. 昨天晚上一些电脑被偷了。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 1．基本结构：had been＋动词过去分词 (1)肯定句：主语＋had been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 He had been trapped in the burning house for nearly two hours before the firefighters came to his rescue. 在消防员来营救他之前，他已经被困在着火的房子里将近两个小时了。 (2)否定句：主语＋hadn’t been＋动词过去分词＋其他。 The injured were disappointed that the ambulance hadn’t been sent to the accident spot yet. 救护车仍然还没被派往事故现场，伤员很失望。 (3)一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋been＋动词过去分词＋其他？ Had all the tickets been sold out by the time they got there 在他们到达那里之前，所有的票已经被卖完了吗？ (4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组＋had＋(主语＋) been＋动词过去分词＋其他？ What preventative measures had been taken before the earthquake took place 在这次地震发生之前，采取了什么样的防御性措施？ 2．意义：过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。 3．用法： (1)用在told，said，knew，thought 等动词后的宾语从句中，表示宾语从句中的动作已被做完。 He said that the books had already been sold out. 他说书已经被卖完了。 (2)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的被动动作，常与by，before等引导的时间状语连用。 By the time we got there，he had been persuaded to give up his unpractical plan. 我们到那里时，他已经被说服放弃了他不切合实际的计划。 The false news report had been broadcast before the journalist discovered the truth. 在记者发现真相之前，这条假新闻已经被播放了。 (3)表示从过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的被动动作，常与for, since引导的时间状语连用。 It was reported that the sale had been advertised for several weeks. 据报道，这场展销会已经做了好几个星期的广告了。 (4)在 It was the first/second/...time that...句型中，从句的主语是动作的承受者时，要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the second time that the channel had been accused of reporting false news. 这是第二次这个频道被指控播放假新闻。 (5)用在Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely...when...和No sooner...than...句型中，表示“一……就……”。 Hardly had the work been finished when the rain poured down. ＝No sooner had the work been finished than the rain poured down. 工作刚做完，雨就倾盆而下。 (6)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。 He had to leave his house because it had been flooded. 他只好离开他的房子，因为他的房子已经被淹了。 随堂语法练习 Ⅰ.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1．Three parts in the project (finish) as expected by the end of last month. 2．Farming produced more food per person than hunting and gathering，so people were able to raise more children.And，as more children were born，more food (need)． 3．I remember well that the witness (question) by a journalist at that time. 4．People tend to focus on the first factor.However，greater attention should (place) on longevity(长寿)． 5．Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon (construct)．” 6．The parts of a museum open to the public (call) galleries or rooms. 7．Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week. 8．In the past few years thousands of films (produce) all over the world. 9．As we all know，the 2022 Winter Olympics (hold) in Beijing，China. 10．After a day’s work，I went to the restaurant near my company to have dinner，only to be told that it (decorate)． 【答案】1.had been finished2.was needed3.was being questioned4.be placed5.is constructed6. are called7.was given8.have been produced9.will be held10.was being decorated ⅠI.用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1．A rescue worker risked his life to save two journalists who (trap) in the mountain for two days. 2．The trees (plant) from Monday to Friday last week by us. 3．Great changes (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. 4．It was the second time that the young athlete (participate) in marathon. 5．In 1970，this was the longest bridge that (build) before in the remote area. 6．They were living with their parents for the moment because their own house (rebuild)． 7．It’s high time that we (commit) ourselves to studying English. 8．The book (revise) many times before it was published. 9．When salt and fat (remove) from food，the food tastes tasteless. 10．A new cinema (construct) here and they hope to finish it next month. 【答案】1. had been trapped2.were being planted3.have taken4.had participated5.had been built6.was being rebuilt7.should commit/committed8.had been revised9.are removed10.is being constructed 【精题精练精讲】 一、根据汉语意思填写单词 1．You can build up arm strength and work your (胸部) muscles by doing push-ups. 2．Electricity lines to 30, 000 homes were (逐步) restored yesterday. 3．Take each foot in both your hands and rotate it to loosen and relax the (踝关节). 4．Jerry is an (业余爱好者) who dances just for recreation and fun. 5．I think we’ve learned a lot about one another in this (一段时间). 6．He behaved himself with (优雅)and pride in his life. 7．Rumours are like sharp knives, cutting one’s d (尊严) into pieces. 8．She achieved (名望)as a movie star overnight. 9．She started to get a reputation as an (无私的) girl with a heart of gold. 答案：1．chest 2．gradually 3．Ankle 4．amateur 5．session 6．grace 7．dignity 8．celebrity 9．Unselfish 二、用单词的适当形式完成句子 1．The injured man (accept) by the hospital staff so he had to leave. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 2．A study in 1970 found that 80,000 computers (use) in business then in the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．As far as I am concerned, this was one of the most special questions that (ever raise) at such a meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Travelling abroad (limit) to rich tourists decades ago. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．A new app for learning English (design) by the end of last week. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 6．By the end of last year, another magic design (complete). （用所给词的适当形式填空） 7．Martin felt that cold water (throw) on his plans after everyone laughed at his intentions.（用所给词的适当形式填空） 8．The manager was satisfied to see many new products （develop） after great effort. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 9．More than seven million people have been (影响) by drought. （根据汉语提示拼写单词） 10．He complained that this was the third time he of the changes of the meeting date. 他抱怨说，这是他第三次被告知会议日期的变化。 11．Unfortunately, he was (dismiss) from the job and led a miserable life. (用适当的词填空) 12．Li Ping said that his bike (repair) then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The thief (question) by the police when his father came in. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Researchers warned that fireflies (threaten) by light pollution and pesticides, which may cause their extinction. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The experiment (conduct) in the lab when the power cut occurred. (所给词的适当形式填空) 答案：1.hadn’t been accepted 2．were being used 3．had ever been raised 4．was limited 5．had been designed 6. had been completed 7．had been thrown 8．developed 9．affected/influenced 10．had been informed 11．dismissed 12．was being repaired 13．was being questioned 14．were being threatened/had been threatened 15．was being conducted 三、用所给短语的适当形式填空，有两项多余 give birth to; participate in; die out; realize one's dream; recognize...as...; lead to; side by side; bring...back to life; be identical to; devote oneself to; come to one's attention; make joint efforts 1. Dinosaurs could not survive in the present day even if it is possible to ____________________. 2. She always remembered the first time he ______________________． 3. They enjoy ______________ a wide variety of activities, both locally and further afield. 4. Only by ______________ can parents and children bridge the generation gap between them. 5. Today landscape architecture ______________ a branch of the fine arts. 6. Languages are ever changing, mixing and mutating(变化), and sometimes they ______________ new ones. 7. She gladly gave up her part time job to __________________ her art. 8. They walked ____________________ through the long gallery, discussing something. 9. With the development of modern industry, many of the traditional crafts(手艺) ______________． 10. Sometimes a bit of selfishness, if it ______________ greater self knowledge, is no bad thing. 答案：1.bring back to life 2.came to her attention 3.participating in 4. making joint efforts 5. is identical to 6. give birth to 7. devote herself to 8. side by side 9. have died out 10.leads to 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Compared with the obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering (乱丢废物）is often taken lightly. But it’s more severe than we may think. ___1___This seems to be a completely harmless action due to the fact that if s part of a fruit—right Actually, no. A banana peel (皮）can take up to two years to decompose (分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel or a cigarette butt has a similar decomposing term to that of a banana. But tin and aluminium (铝）cans last up to 100 years. ____2____ It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer. ____3____ For example, despite its fairly short decomposing term, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is discarded (丢弃）in the UK every day. Besides，our annual littering, which has increased by 500 percent since the 1960s, has caused the UK’s rat population to increase by 60 million. It’s not a cheap habit either: ____4____ So, ifs not surprising that if caught littering you could face a 20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you throw away something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve. The punishments might seem severe. ____5____ So we still have some way to go in making sure people follow the rules. To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not littering. We need to truly care more about the world around us. A. Banana peels are among the most frequent littered stuff. B. But fear of the environmental impact of litter is on the rise. C. Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving. D. UK taxpayers pay 500 million in order to keep our streets clean. E. And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags. F. However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished. G. But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 【答案】1. C 2. E 3. G 4. D 5. F 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类乱扔垃圾造成的结果，并呼吁大家不要乱扔垃圾，保护环境。 【36题详解】根据后文“A banana peel (皮）can take up to two years to decompose (分解)，and with a third of drivers admitting to littering while driving, that’s a whole lot of banana peels, or much worse.”（一块香蕉皮需要两年时间才能分解，三分之一的司机承认在开车时乱扔垃圾，这会是一大堆香蕉皮，或者更糟糕。）可知C项“Imagine throwing a banana peel out of your car while driving.”（想象一下，在开车时把香蕉皮扔出车外的情景。）其中throwing a banana peel与后文banana peel相呼应，符合本句语境。故选C项。 【37题详解】根据前句“But tin and aluminium (铝）cans last up to 100 years.”（但是，锡和铝罐子可以持续100年。）可知E项“And plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles and plastic bags.”（而塑料瓶和玻璃瓶及塑料袋一样，可以永远存在。）其中glass bottles and plastic bags与前句tin和cans形成呼应结构，均表示容器，符合语境。故选E项。 【38题详解】根据前文“It’s true that longer-lasting materials will damage the environment and its animals for longer.”（诚然，更持久的材料会对环境及其动物造成更长时间的损害。）可知G项“But we can't simply measure the seriousness of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime.”（但我们不能简单地以某类垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重性。）其中its lifetime与前句中longer-lasting materials相呼应，符合本段语境。故选G项。 【39题详解】根据前句“It’s not a cheap habit either”（这也不是一个廉价的习惯）可知，D项“UK taxpayers pay 500 million in order to keep our streets clean.”（英国的纳税人支付了5亿英镑，以保持我们的街道清洁。）其中pay 500 million与前句中not a cheap habit形成呼应结构。故选D项。 【40题详解】根据前文“The punishments might seem severe”（惩罚可能看起来很严重）可知F项“However, among the reported cases only 2,000 out of 825,000 were punished.”（然而，在报告的案件中，82.5万件中只有2000件受到了惩罚。）其中punished与前文The punishments相呼应，符合本段语境。故选F项。 二、完形填空 It’s common knowledge at this point that the more education you have, the more money you’ll make. But according to a new research released on Thursday, there are also a lot of____1____. Back in high school, Isis Harris never ____2____ herself working as an electrician — everyone around her was just so ____3____ on college. “College was the big thing in high school,”____4____ Harris, “The friends that I had there were going to college ... that’s what the big excitement was around.” After taking some college classes and holding lots of different jobs — Harris ____5____a course designed to let her____6____ different jobs in the construction industry. One of the activities ____7____ wiring a lightbulb(灯泡). “Wiring that lightbulb, I did it____8____and the light came on and I was like, ‘This is it!’ The light came on for me. That was the ____9____ for me.” Now she’s just a few months away from becoming a licensed journeyman electrician in Portland, Ore. She spends her days ____10____on a new construction site, and her hourly____11____adds up to about $80,000 for full-time work per year. Harris says she wishes she had found this path sooner. Back in high school, “nobody ever talked about becoming a blue-collar worker,” she says. “I think there was always a(n)____12____about this kind of job. However, it definitely provides the same type of lifestyle that a bachelor could.” One thing that could help ____13____ that misconception(误解), according to the report authors, would be for schools to employ more career consultants（顾问）to ____14____ students through the complex web of post-high school options. That’s how Isis Harris, in Portland, got her training to become an electrician, a career, she says, that helps her feel ____15____both physically and mentally. 1. A. achievements B. connections C. exceptions D. possibilities 2. A. regarded B. prepared C. regretted D. imagined 3. A. hard B. focused C. dependent D. impressed 4. A. argues B. concludes C. recalls D. observes 5. A. signed up for B. referred to C. set up D. dropped out of 6. A. introduce B. taste C. recognize D. discover 7. A. involved B. offered C. recommended D. inspired 8. A. swiftly B. correctly C. directly D. apparently 9. A. aim B. case C. occupation D. warning 10. A. inspecting B. wandering C. researching D. working 11. A. profit B. wage C. debt D. expense 12. A. agreement B. discussion C. adjustment D. misunderstanding 13. A. adopt B. challenge C. correct D. deny 14. A. instruct B. support C. shelter D. encourage 15. A. exhausted B. content C. relaxed D. relieved 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了伊希斯·哈里斯在上完大学课程以及尝试不同工作后，最后成为一名收入颇丰的电工，找到人生价值的故事，旨在表明我们应正视职业教育，摒弃误解。 【41题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但根据周四发布的一项新研究，也有很多例外。A. achievements成就；B. connections连接；C. exceptions例外；D. possibilities可能性。根据后文描述的伊希斯·哈里斯成为电工，找到人生价值的故事，可知尽管大家普遍知道越是受教育，收入越高，但仍有例外，故选exceptions。故选C。 【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：高中时，伊希斯·哈里斯从没想过自己会成为一名电工——她周围的人都太专注于大学生活了。A. regarded看作；B. prepared准备；C. regretted遗憾；D. imagined想象。根据后文“herself working as an electrician”可知在高中时期，伊希斯·哈里斯从来没有想过自己会成为一名电工。故选D。 【43题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：高中时，伊希斯·哈里斯从没想过自己会成为一名电工——她周围的人都太专注于大学生活了。A. hard努力的；B. focused专注的；C. dependent依赖的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据下文“that’s what the big excitement was around” 可知大家都想上大学，因此高中时身边的人对于上大学的目标都很明确，选focused。故选B。 【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“上大学是高中的大事，”哈里斯回忆道，“我在那里的朋友们都要上大学…… 这就是最令人兴奋的地方。”A. argues争论；B. concludes下结论；C. recalls回想，想起；D. observes观察。由后文中的伊希斯·哈里斯已经成为了一名电工，且已经毕业，因此现在他所说的话是在回想之前的高中生活。故选C。 【45题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在上了一些大学课程并从事过许多不同的工作之后，哈里斯报名参加了一个课程，该课程旨在让她体验建筑行业的不同工作。A. signed up for报名参加；B. referred to提及；C. set up建立；D. dropped out of退学。由前文中 “after taking some college classes and holding lots of different jobs” 中得知哈里斯并没有任何电工相关知识可知，她要报名参加课程来学习相关电工知识。故选A。 【46题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在上了一些大学课程并从事过许多不同的工作之后，哈里斯报名参加了一个课程，该课程旨在让她体验建筑行业的不同工作。A. introduce介绍；B. taste体验，品尝；C. recognize识别；D. discover发现。根据后文“different jobs in the construction industry”可知，在建筑工地接通电灯泡可以看出这项课程可以让哈里斯尝试和体验不同的工作。故选B。 【47题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：其中一项活动是给灯泡配线。A. involved涉及，包含；B. offered提议；C. recommended建议；D. inspired鼓舞。根据下文“this is it! The light came on for me”可知，哈里斯参加的这些课程中包含了wiring a lightbulb。故选A。 【48题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我把灯泡装好了，然后灯亮了，我就想，‘就是它了! 灯为我亮了起来。”A. swiftly很快地；B. correctly正确地；C. directly直接地；D. apparently显然。后文中提到了 “the light came on for me” 得知哈里斯接通了灯泡，既然已经接通可推测出这里的副词为correctly，只有正确接通了，灯泡才能亮。故选B。 【49题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这就是我的职业。”A. aim目的；B. case情况；C. occupation职业；D. warning警告。根据下文中“she wishes she had found this path” 以及“that’s how Isis Harris…a career” 和语境可知，当灯泡亮起来的时候，哈里斯意识到当一名电工就是所选择的职业，occupation符合语境。故选C。 【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她每天在一个新的建筑工地工作，全职工作每年每小时的工资加起来大约是8万美元。A. inspecting检查；B. wandering漫游；C. researching研究；D. working工作。根据前文中 “she’s just a few months away”得知自从哈里斯决定成为一名电工之后，她一直为此做出努力，因此这里推测出她花费了时间在建筑工地工作。故选D。 【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她每天在一个新的建筑工地工作，全职工作每年每小时的工资加起来大约是8万美元。A. profit利润；B. wage工资；C. debt债务；D. expense费用。根据后文“adds up to about $80,000 for full-time work per year”可知此处是在说明她的工资情况。故选B。 【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为人们对这种工作一直存在误解。A. agreement协议；B. discussion讨论；C. adjustment调整；D. misunderstanding误解。根据后文中misconception以及“it definitely provides…that a bachelor could” 可知，对于这类工作大家都有误解，misunderstanding符合语境。故选D。 【53题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告的作者认为，有一件事可以帮助纠正这种误解，那就是学校应该雇佣更多的职业顾问来指导学生完成复杂的高中毕业后选择网络。A. adopt采取；B. challenge挑战；C. correct纠正；D. deny否认。根据前文中提到人们对这类工作都有误解，但它和读大学后从事的职业相比并没有什么不同，因此对于这种误解，要做的就是纠正。故选C。 【54题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：报告的作者认为，有一件事可以帮助纠正这种误解，那就是学校应该雇佣更多的职业顾问来指导学生完成复杂的高中毕业后选择网络。A. instruct指示；B. support支持；C. shelter庇护；D. encourage鼓励。根据上文“schools to employ more career consultants to”可知要想帮助高中毕业生进行职业选择，聘用职业咨询师来指导他们就变得很重要。故选A。 【55题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：波特兰的伊希斯·哈里斯就是这样接受培训成为一名电工的，她说，这一职业让她在身体和精神上都感到满足。A. exhausted疲惫的；B. content满足的；C. relaxed放松的；D. relieved放心的。从哈里斯最早决定从事电工到后面的采访都可以看出哈里斯对于这份工作是满足的。故选B。 三、语法填空 Researches ____1____ (identify) two main ways in which we learn a foreign language since the 1950s. Firstly, experts talk of us acquiring (习得)language. This means ___2____ same as picking up language. They say that to learn a foreign language successfully, we need lots of exposure to it and that we learn when we ___3____ (surround) by language. We need to hear and read language which is rich in variety, interesting to us and just difficult enough for us (for example, just beyond our level) ____4____ not too difficult. We acquire language over a period of time without realizing that we are learning. Secondly, experts believe that to learn language successfully, we need to use it in communication ____5____ other people. We need to use language to express ____6____ (we) and make our meanings clear to them, and to understand them. The person we are talking to will let us know, directly or indirectly, if they have understood us or not. If they have not understood, we need to try again, ___7____ (use) other language until we manage to communicate ____8____ (effective). It is this process of struggling to make meaning clear ____9____ helps learners experiment with language and try out structures and vocabulary _____10_____ (learn) in daily interactions to see if they help them get their message across. 【答案】1. have identified 2. the 3. are surrounded 4. but 5. with 6. ourselves 7. using 8. effectively 9. that 10. learnt##learned 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。 【56题详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，研究人员已经确定了我们学习外语的两种主要方式。根据时间状语“since the 1950s.”可知，此处使用现在完成时，主语是Researches，助动词用have。故填have identified。 【57题详解】考查冠词。句意：这和学会语言是一样的。the same as为固定短语，意为“与……相同”。故填the。 【58题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：他们说，要想成功地学习一门外语，我们需要大量接触它，只有在语言环绕的环境中才能学习。空处为从句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语we和surround为被动关系，使用被动语态，主语为we，be动词用are。故填are surrounded。 【59题详解】考查连词。句意：我们需要听和读的语言要丰富多彩，要有趣，要足够难(例如，要超出我们的水平)，但又不太难。“difficult enough”和“not too difficult”为转折关系，需用连词but连接。故填but。 【60题详解】考查介词。句意：其次，专家认为，要想成功地学习语言，我们需要在与他人的交流中使用它。communication with为固定短语，意为“与……交流”。故填with。 【61题详解】考查代词。句意：我们需要用语言来表达自己，让他们明白我们的意思，并理解他们。主语we和宾语所指相同，需用其对应的反身代词ourselves作宾语。故填ourselves。 【62题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们没有听懂，我们需要再次尝试，使用其他语言，直到我们成功地沟通。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，we和use为逻辑上的主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填using。 【63题详解】考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词communicate需用副词effectively作状语。故填effectively。 【64题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是这种努力表达意思的过程，帮助学习者进行语言实验，并尝试在日常互动中学习的结构和词汇，看看是否有助于他们理解自己的信息。“It is+被强调部分+that（强调人是可用who）+句子其他成分”为强调句的基本句型，此处强调的是主语“this process of struggling to make meaning clear”，故填that。 【65题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。空处修饰structures and vocabulary，需用非谓语动词作定语，structures and vocabulary和learn为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填learnt/learned。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A One of the biggest icebergs ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica. The giant block covers an area of about 6,000 sq km; that’s about a quarter the size of Wales, part of the United Kingdom. A US satellite observed the berg while passing over an area known as the Larsen C Ice Shelf (冰架). Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it. The crack’s expansion had accelerated since 2014, making an upcoming calving (分离) ever more likely. The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored. Currents and winds might eventually push it north of the Antarctic where it could become a serious threat to shipping. The American space agency’s Aqua satellite noticed clear water in the crack between the shelf and the berg. The water is warmer relative to the surrounding ice and air. The event was confirmed by other spacecraft such as Europe’s Sentinel-1 satellite-radar system. The new Larsen berg is probably in the top 10 biggest ever recorded．The largest observed in the satellite era was an object called B-15. It came away from the Ross Ice Shelf in 2000 and measured some 11,000 sq km. Six years later, parts of this super-berg still existed and passed by New Zealand. In 1956, it was reported that a US Navy icebreaker had met with an object of roughly 32,000 sq km. That’s bigger than Belgium. Unfortunately, there were no satellites at the time to follow up and confirm the observation. The Larsen C Ice Shelf has been known to produce bigger bergs. An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away. 1. How did researchers view the appearance of the new Larsen berg A. It needed to be confirmed. B. It was smaller than expected. C. It came as no surprise. D. It was formed within a very short time. 2. What will researchers most probably do next A. Study the satellite-radar system. B. Keep a close eye on the new iceberg. C. Try to find the cause of the calving. D. Focus on the clear water in the crack. 3. Why does the author mention the iceberg formed in 1986 A. To give an example of Larsen’s bergs. B. To compare it with the new berg. C. To show where Larsen’s bergs often go. D. To explain why Larsen produces big bergs. 4. What can be the best title for the text A. The secret behind the phenomenon of calving. B. Larsen C Ice Shelf needs more attention. C. Some of the biggest bergs ever recorded. D. Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然现象——巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。 【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers, who’d been following the development of a large crack in Larsen’s ice for more than a decade, were expecting it.(十多年来，研究人员一直在跟踪拉森冰川上的一条大裂缝的发展，他们预计会出现这种情况)”可知，研究人员认为Larsen berg的出现并不令人意外，故选C。 【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The thick berg will not move very far, very fast in the short term. But it will need to be monitored.(短时间内，厚冰山不会移动得很远，也不会移动得很快。但它需要被监控)”可知，研究人员接下来最有可能密切关注新冰山，故选B。 【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“An object measuring some 9,000 sq km came away in 1986. Many of Larsen’s bergs can enter the Weddell sea or can follow currents into the Southern Ocean, and even into the South Atlantic. A good number of bergs from this shelf can end up being caught on the shallow continental shelf around the British overseas area of South Georgia where they gradually fade away.(1986年，一个面积约9000平方公里的物体消失了。许多拉森冰山可以进入威德尔海，或者跟随洋流进入南大洋，甚至进入南大西洋。这个大陆架上的大量冰山最终会在英国海外地区南乔治亚附近的浅海大陆架上被捕获，在那里它们会逐渐消失)”可推知，此处提到1986年形成的冰川是因为它是大型冰川消失的一个例子，故选A。 【31题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段中心句“One of the biggest icebergs ever recorded has just broken away from Antarctica.(有记录以来最大的冰山之一刚刚从南极洲脱离)”可知，文章介绍巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲。因此本文的最佳标题为D项“Giant iceberg breaks away from Antarctica.(巨大的冰山脱离了南极洲)”。故选D。 B It is natural that young people are often uncomfortable when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think that their parents are out of touch with modern ways, that they are too serious and too strict with their children, and that they seldom give their children a free hand. It is true that parents often find it difficult to win their children’s trust and they tend(倾向) to forget how they themselves felt when young. For example, young people like to act on the spot without much thinking. It is one of their ways to show that they have grown up and they can face any difficult situation. Old people worry more easily. Most of them plan things in advance, at least in the back of their minds, and do not like their plans to be upset by something unexpected. When you want your parents to let you do something, you will have better success if you ask before you really start doing it. Young people often make their parents angry with their choices in clothes, in entertainment and in music. But they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted. That’s why young people want to make a new culture of their own, and if their parents don’t like their music or entertainment or clothes or their way of speech, this will make the young people extremely happy. Sometimes you are so proud of yourself that you do not want your parents to say “yes” to what you do. All you want is to be left alone and do what you like. It is natural enough, after being a child for so many years, when you were completely under your parents’ control. If you prefer to control your life, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do. 5. According to the text, young people prefer to __________. A. ask for advice before they really start to do anything B. think in the same way as their parents do C. be very strict with themselves D. do things without thinking carefully ahead 6. Why do young people like to have clothes, entertainment and music in their way A. Because they want to try on something new and look different from the older. B. Because they try to get their parents to be proud of them. C. Because they want to give their parents a big surprise. D. Because they want to test whether they are cleverer than old people. 7. According to the text, young people want to make a new culture of their own, because _________. A. they feel they are cleverer than old people B. they do not want to get into trouble with their parents C. they don’t feel they belong to the world of the old people D. they want to show the new is better than the old 8. If a young man intends to control his own life, it’s better for him to __________. A. do everything according to his own wish B. hold himself responsible for everything he does C. do everything beyond his parents’ control D. do everything the way his parents do 【答案】4. D 6. A 7. C 8. B 【解析】本文属于说明文，本文文章讲述的是年轻人不喜欢和他们的父母在一起，认为父母们不理解他们，作者对此现象进行了分析，并对年轻人提出了一些中肯的建议。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“young people like to act right away without much thinking”可知，年轻人喜欢不加思考就马上行动。故选D。 【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“ they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off (隔绝)from the older people’s world, 可知，年轻人并是不想制造麻烦，他们只是感觉跟年级大的人不在同一个世界里，与他们不同。由此可知，他们想尝试新东西，不同于老人。故选A。 【34题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段 “they do not mean to cause any trouble; it is just that they feel cut off (隔绝)from the older people’s world, into which they have not yet been accepted.”（他们无意制造任何麻烦;他们只是觉得自己与还没有被接受的老年人的世界隔绝了。）可知，他们觉得自己不属于老年人的世界。故选C。 【35题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“If you prefer to control your life, you’d better win your parents over and try to get them to understand you. If your parents see that you have a high sense of responsibility, they will certainly give you the right to do what you want to do.”（如果你喜欢控制你的生活，你最好赢得你的父母，并试着让他们理解你。如果你的父母看到你有高度的责任感，他们肯定会给你做你想做的事情的权利。）可推测出如果一个年轻人想要掌控自己的人生，那最好是要为自己所做的一切负责。故选B。 写作 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I am Russian, but for the last five years, I’ve lived in Kansas. What brought me to this country was my American husband, John. I work in a department store, where my coworkers pronounce my Russian name so sweetly. Every time I hear it, I feel as though my mom is embracing me. In my native country, people believe that Americans always keep big smiles on their faces even if they don’t have a real reason to do so. The American smile, the Russians have decided, is not genuine. Last year, John encouraged me to go see my mom back in Russia. My manager even gave me a month off for the trip. (When you live an ocean apart from your family, you need at least a month to visit them.) I bought a plane ticket and packed my suitcase. Then came COVID-19. My mood became gray as I realized I couldn’t go see my mom. A couple of weeks later, my sweet coworker Miss Donna, asked me. “So what’s happening with your trip to Russia ” I told her that I had to cancel it and that I wouldn’t be able to see my mom this year. Miss Donna didn’t say anything at first. Then she put on a big American smile and said, “Well, you can come over and see my mom!” Oh, my Lord! (That’s what my husband always says when he’s at a loss for words.) Imagine, a mom for loan! I honestly don’t know whether I would offer the same to someone in need of a mother’s warmth, but my new people sure would do it for me. I know that because of the virus you shouldn’t hug friends, but you can still embrace someone’s heart. That’s how my heart felt at that moment: hugged. So, yes, believe me, the American smile is genuine. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式作答。 It didn’t take long before Miss Donna invited me to call on her mom. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the dinner was ready, I was surprised to find there were several Russian dishes. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Para 1: It didn’t take long before Miss Donna invited me to call on her mom. I could still remember it was a Saturday afternoon. The sun was sinking in the west when I knocked on the door. An aged woman answered it. The moment she saw me, a typical American smile lit up her face, which also drove my nervousness away. After my introduction, she warmly led me in, seated me on the sofa and called Miss Donna to chat with me, while she herself walked into the kitchen to prepare dinner for us. Para 2: When the dinner was ready, I was surprised to find there were several Russian dishes. Miss Donna’s mom smiled gently to me, “Make yourself at home.” Definitely she struck me as a lovely and caring mom, just like my mom. Over the dinner I told her about my hometown and she listened carefully with an understanding expression. The cuisine she made left a deep impression on me, but what struck me most was her warm smile, which was full of encouragement and love. Never before had I believed so firmly that a genuine smile was a ray of light, brightening up the day in the darkest time. 【解析】 【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者因为疫情无法回俄罗斯看望母亲，同事唐娜小姐得知后，邀请作者去看望她的妈妈。唐娜小姐的妈妈热情地欢迎了作者，还准备了俄罗斯菜，给作者留下了深刻印象。 详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“没过多久，唐娜小姐就邀请我去拜访她妈妈。”可知，第一段可描写作者去拜访唐娜妈妈的经过。 ②由第二段首句内容“当晚餐准备好时，我惊讶地发现有好几道俄罗斯菜。”可知，第二段可描写作者对唐娜妈妈的感受以及作者的感悟。 2.续写线索：拜访——受到欢迎——吃晚餐——印象深刻——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 拜访：call on / visit 回答：answer/ respond 印象深刻：leave a deep impression on / impress 情绪类 紧张：nervousness / tension 惊讶：surprised / amazed 【点睛】[高分句型1] The moment she saw me, a typical American smile lit up her face, which also drove my nervousness away. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The cuisine she made left a deep impression on me, but what struck me most was her warm smile, which was full of encouragement and love. (运用了what引导主语从句和which引导非限制性定语从句)
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