Unit 2 Sports Culture Extended reading - Project 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Sports Culture Extended reading - Project 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版选择性必修第二册 |
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| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 72.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-06 00:00:00 | ||
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年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U2-3 Extended reading - Project
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：find your / its way (to / into…) 偶然来到；无意中处于 find fault (with sb / sth) 找碴儿；挑错；抱怨；挑剔 find your way (to…) 找到正确的路（去某处） find for / against sb [no passive]（律）作出对……有利（或不利）的裁决；判……胜诉（或败诉） find out (about sth / sb) / find out sth (about sth / sb) 查明，弄清（情况） find out what, when, etc. / find out that… find sb out 查出（坏人）；识破 知识点2：opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的 (1) oppose vt.& vi. 反对；对抗 oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 (2) opposed adj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3) opponent n． 对手，竞争者；反对者 (4) as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于 [而不是=rather than] just the opposite 恰恰相反 知识点3：in praise of 歌颂; 为赞扬 in charge of 负责; 掌管 in need of 需要 in memory of 纪念, 追念 in honor of 向……表示敬意, 为祝贺…… in possession of 拥有, 占有 in pursuit of 追求, 寻求 in the charge of 被……管理, 由……负责 in the possession of 被……占有 知识点4：move the goalposts 改变条件或规则 goalpost （also post） n. 球门柱 Certain European nations are trying to move the goalposts so that some of their Eastern neighbors will find it easier to join the EU. 知识点5：complain vi. & vt. 抱怨, 投诉 (1)complain that. . . 抱怨…… complain (to sb. ) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事 (2)complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉 make a complaint against/about. . . 对……投诉 Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. 有些人——我也是其中之一——认为对生活中的小问题幽默地抱怨会产生幽默, 有时确实如此。 知识点6：score an own goal 进乌龙球，无意中做让自己吃亏的事 If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. 知识点7: unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地，偶然地，非存心地 (1)intention n. 意图, 目的, 打算 intentional adj. 故意的; 蓄意的; 策划的 intentionally adv. 故意地, 有意地 (2)intend v. 打算, 想要, 计划 intend to do sth. 打算做某事 had intended to do sth. 本打算做某事 be intended to do sth. 目的是做某事 be intended for 为……打算或设计的 Philip Gingerich had unintentionally taken up this challenge in the mid-1970s. 知识点8: throw sb a curveball 给某人出难题，出其不意地刁难某人 curveball n. 弧线球；曲线球 The workers complained that their boss threw them a curveball. 知识点9: fist n. 拳，拳头，一把 vt. 用拳打 shake your fist at sb 对某人挥拳以示愤怒 make a better, good, poor, etc. fist of sth 试图把（或未能把）某事做得很成功 make / lose money hand over fist 赚大钱；破大财 知识点10: handle vt. 应付，处理，触，碰，控制，管理，支配，操纵 n. 柄，把手，拉手 (1)handle=deal with 处理, 安排, 对付 handle it=manage it 应付得了 handle oneself 把握自己 (2)handle bar 把手; 车把 fly off the handle 勃然大怒，大发雷霆 He knows how to handle the machine. 知识点11：below the belt 不公正，不正当，伤人的 belt n.①腰带；皮带 ②传送带；传动带 ③地带；地区 tighten your belt 勒紧腰带（省吃俭用） If someone makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as below the belt. 知识点12：cruel adj. 残忍的，冷酷的，残暴的，恶意的，刻意伤人的，使人痛苦的 (1)be cruel to 对……残酷 a cruel blow 一大打击 (2)cruelly adv. 残酷地; 非常 cruelty n. 残酷; 残忍; 残酷的行为 We shouldn't be cruel to animals. 知识点13：remark n. 评论；议论，谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 评论，说起，谈到，注意到 (1)remark on/upon 谈论, 评论, 就……发表意见 remark that. . . 谈起, 说起…… (2)make a remark/remarks on/about. . . 就……发表评论 (3)remarkable adj. 显著的, 非凡的, 值得注意的 be remarkable for 以……著称/引人瞩目 The teacher asked the students to make a remark on this page. 知识点14：towel n. 毛巾，茶巾，擦干餐具等用的拭布，擦碗巾，纸巾 vt. 用毛巾擦拭，用毛巾擦干 throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 知识点15：literally adv. 逐字地，按照字面上地，不夸张地，正确地，真实地，简直 He translated this article literally. 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. The ____________(oppose) team were so convulsed with laughter that they almost forgot to hit the ball. 2. The food was excellent—I had no cause for ____________(complain). 3. Our ____________ (salesman)call on their best account twice a month. 4. His plan ____________(backfire), and he suffered great loss. 5. Had I hurt her, ____________(intentional), it’s surely against my will. 6. I need to find ____________ handle that matches and that shouldn’t take too long. 7. British Labor Day and International Labor Day are closely ____________(relate). 8. It’s that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a ____________(remark)character. 9. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used ____________(literal) 10. Thomas Rane scolded Peters for his ____________(cruel) to the cat. 答案：1. opposing 2. complaint 3. salesmen 4. backfired 5. unintentionally 6. a 7. related 8. remarkable 9. literally 10. cruelty 二、单词拼写 1. We're playing against the l___________ (联赛) champion next week. 2. I can’t stand people who are c__________ (残酷的) to animals. 3. I wasn't familiar with the__________(习语,成语), so I had to guess what he meant. 4. The similarities between the two have often been r____________(说起，评论) on. 5. The c____________(地方议会) is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 6. If the ball touches the________( 球网) during a serve in a game of tennis, you have to serve again. 7. After hours of talking about the price, the shopkeeper at last closed a deal with the_________(售货员) 8. If you say that someone can___________(处理,应付) a problem or situation, you mean that he or she has the ability to deal with it successfully. 9. A recent situation made me realize that breaking promises might (无意地)hurt others' feelings. 10. Don't____________ (抱怨). If you don't like something，change it; if you can't change it, change your attitude. 答案1.league 2.cruel 3. idiom 4.remarked 5.council 6.net 7.salesman 8.handle 9.unintentionally plain 三、选词填空 make no remark; complain about; find one's way into; move the goalposts; score an own goal; make a mistake; below the belt; stay up late; throw in the towel; in the ballpark
1. People _____________how children spend so much time on computer games and call on the school to take some useful steps. 2. I had to _____________to do my homework because I left it until the last minute again. 3. Now, the salary isn't as high as I hoped, but I accept it because it's _____________at least. 4. We were never able to regain our lead after Thomas _____________late in the second half. 5. In addition, large amounts of untreated industrial waste liquids _____________rivers and lakes. 6. We're never going to get the book design finished in time if the publisher keeps __________ every couple of months like this! 7. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to _____________. 8. I've been working on this book for over a year, and I'm getting nowhere with it. I think I'm ready to ____________. 9. Some parents are too strict with their children, giving them no free time to relax, which is _____________. 10. The scientist remarked he had found a remarkable way, but others _____________ about it. 答案：1.complain about 2.stay up late 3.in the ballpark 4.scored an own goal 5.find their way into 6.moving the goalposts 7.make a mistake 8.throw in the towel 9.below the belt 10.made no remark 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 “Exercise snack” does good. Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. ____1____That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. ____2____ It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day. ____3____ Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory. Parkinson’s patients should hit the links. ___4____ But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. ___5____ Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group. A. Choir singing boosts the brain. B. Developing hobbies improves memory. C. Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term. D. However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing. E. The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve. F. Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease. G. Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on a bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs. 【答案】1. D 2. G 3. A 4. F 5. E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“把锻炼当零食”这一理念，以及介绍了参加合唱和打高尔夫对健康有益处。 【16题详解】上文“Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits.(健康专家过去常说，你需要一次锻炼至少十分钟才能获得任何益处)”以及下文“That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session.(这就是为什么世界卫生组织的《身体活动和久坐行为指南》不再建议锻炼的最短时间)”说明锻炼的时间长度不再像过去一样受限，D项“然而，证据表明，有总比什么都没有好。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。 【17题详解】上文“Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time.(与此同时，科学家们采用了“把锻炼当零食”这一术语，指的是只需要花很少时间的突发性体育活动)”说明“把锻炼当零食”是一种只需要花很少时间的体育活动，G项“例子包括几个俯卧撑，骑自行车60秒，或在一段楼梯上慢跑。”具体举例说明“把锻炼当零食”，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【18题详解】下文“Lifting your voice in a choir has cognitive benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers.(根据发表在Plos One上的一项芬兰研究，在合唱团提高嗓门对认知有好处。研究发现，与非歌手相比，老年歌手的语言流畅性更好)”说明在合唱团提高嗓音合唱对认知有益处，A项中Choir singing是关键词，A项“合唱能增强大脑。”引出下文，适合做本段小标题。故选A。 【19题详解】下文“But many patients lack the motivation.(但许多患者缺乏动力)”说明许多帕金森患者缺乏锻炼的动力，F项“锻炼是帕金森病患者最有效的治疗方法之一。”引出下文，与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选F。 【20题详解】上文“In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55.(为了确定一种有益的体育活动，美国神经学学会的一项研究将可以极大地改善平衡和防止摔倒的太极拳比作高尔夫，一项许多55岁以上的人最喜欢的运动)”说明高尔夫和太极拳一样，可以改善平衡和防止摔倒，E项“打高尔夫球的患者发现他们的平衡和行走能力有所改善。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 二、完形填空 At thirteen years old, I was like any other kid. However, inside I had a secret that made me feel ____1____. I was diagnosed with ADD(注意力缺陷症), which means I’m pretty bright, ____2____ . I’m also learning disabled. In middle school, I ____3____ Language Arts with Mrs. Smith, who was ____4____ with us. When I told her that I have ADD and asked her if I might be able to use my word processor(处理器)at home to do written ____5____, she gave me a questioning look and said, “You are ____6____ different from anyone else, young man.” She ____7____, “I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!” The ____8____ was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s(红叉). One day, after she had handed me back my fifth X’s paper of the term, I ____9____ her desk for the second time. However, she responded immediately, “It’s against school policy, young man. No unfair advantages.” So I had no choice but to prove to her or rather prove to myself, that I could do the work under the right ____10____. I secretly unfolded the assignment on my bed that night. The story, which had seemed so ____11____ in class, became quite clear to me. With my word processor, my thoughts ____12____ so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard, explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally ____13____ me. The next day, as my eyes focused on the white page, I found an A ____14____ the paper instead of X. Underneath were her neatly red-penned words. “See what you can do when you ____15____ the boundaries of your limit ” 1. A. happy B. proud C. different D. dynamic 2. A. and B. so C. as D. yet 3. A. quit B. gave C. made D. took 4. A. strict B. bored C. satisfied D. angry 5. A. assignments B. assessments C. translations D. examinations 6. A. rarely B. literally C. really D. completely 7. A. argued B. added C. reported D. replied 8. A. promise B. dream C. result D. cause 9. A. found B. left C. passed D. approached 10. A. leadership B. conditions C. guidance D. directions 11. A. appealing B. confusing C. promising D. boring 12. A. let out B. left out C. poured out D. found out 13. A. forget B. understand C. thank D. forgive 14. A. decorating B. deciding C. describing D. distributing 15. A. decrease B. draw C. pull D. push 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有多动症，但是史密斯太太不接受作者认为自己和他人不同的说法，总是给作业打上红叉。最终作者通过自己的方式证明了自己。 【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我内心有一个秘密，让我感觉不一样。A. happy快乐的；B. proud自豪的；C. different不同的；D. dynamic动态的。呼应后文“different from anyone else”指感觉不一样。故选C。 【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我被诊断为多动症，这意味着我很聪明，但我也有学习障碍。A. and并且；B. so所以；C. as因为；D. yet但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用yet。故选D。 【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. quit停止；B. gave给予；C. made制作；D. took带走；学习，选修（课程）。根据后文“Language Arts with Mrs. Smith”指上课应用动词take。故选D。 【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. strict严格的；B. bored厌倦的；C. satisfied满足的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“she gave me a questioning look and said”可知，史密斯夫人很严格。故选A。 【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. assignments作业；B. assessments评价；C. translations翻译；D. examinations检查。根据后文“unfolded the assignment”可知，这里指用文字处理机做书面作业。故选A。 【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. rarely很少；几乎不；B. literally字面上；C. really真正地；D. completely完全地。根据后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”可知，老师说作者和其他人几乎没有什么不同，故选A。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，“我不会让你比同龄人拥有不公平的优势!”A. argued 争论；B. added增加，补充；C. reported报告；D. replied回答。后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”是老师补充说的话。故选B。 【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，我的每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。A. promised承诺；B. dream梦想；C. result结果；D. cause原因。根据后文“was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s”可知，作者交作业的结果是每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。故选C。 【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她把我本学期的第五次红叉试卷还给我后，我第二次走到她的桌前。A. found找到；B. left离开；C. passed通过；D. approached靠近。根据后文“her desk”指走近桌前。故选D。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我别无选择，只能向她证明，或者更确切地说，向我自己证明，在合适的条件下，我可以做这项工作。A. leadership领导；B. conditions条件；C. guidance指导；D. directions方向。根据上文“I could do the work under the right”可知，作者在合适的条件下，可以做这项工作。故选B。 【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但现在我理解这个故事了。A. appealing吸引人的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. promising有前途的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“became quite clear to me”可知，这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但是作者现在理解这个故事了。故选B。 【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. let out放出；B. left out忽视；C. poured out倒出；D. found out找出。根据后文“so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard”可知，作者的思绪倾泻而出。故选C。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. forget忘记；B. understand理解；C. thank感谢；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally”可知，作者解释自己，希望史密斯太太最后能理解自己。故选B。 【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我的眼睛盯着白色的纸时，我发现纸上装饰的不是X，而是A。A. decorating装饰；B. deciding决定；C. describing描述；D. distributing分配。根据后文“the paper instead of X”指作者的作业得了A，即有A“装饰”。故选A。 【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“看看当你挑战自己的极限时，你能做什么？”A. decrease减少；B. draw画画；C. pull拉；D. push推。根据后文“the boundaries of your limit”指挑战极限，应用push the boundaries。故选D。 三、语法填空 “The Great Wall symbolizes the firm backbone of China, while the Grand Canal is the bloodline ____1____ flows through the hearts of Chinese people,” said Shan Jixiang, former director of the Palace Museum. ____2___(get) a better understanding of this “bloodline”, Zhejiang Art Museum is running an exhibition called The Grand Canal as Epic on Earth. With ____3____ history of more than 2, 500 years, the Grand Canal consists of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedong Canal. It ____4____(stretch) nearly 3, 200 kilometers and is the world’s longest man-made waterway. ____5____(connect) the north and south of China, the Grand Canal extends trade and shapes culture. However, as some sections of the canal have dried up and been disused due to historical evolution and climate change, some people seem to forget its ____6____(culture) value. China Daily reported that urbanization (城市化) has led to garbage and other waste being piled up on the waterway by residents, and others have even built illegal ____7____(structure) beside the canal. ____8____(fortunate), many measures has been adopted so far toward restoration of the Grand Canal. For example, in Gucheng county of Hengshui city in Hebei, a new policy was carried out—a river chief system. A total of 70 river chiefs at county, town and village levels have been assigned to clean and restore 59 river lines, helping each section of the canal to reach its targets for reducing ____9____(pollute) and controlling flooding. The Grand Canal is taking a turn for _____10_____ we are hoping for. 【答案】1. that##which 2. To get 3. a 4. stretches 5. Connecting 6. cultural 7. structures 8. Fortunately 9. pollution 10. what 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了京杭大运河的历史意义以及为保护京杭大运河所做的努力。 【36题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：故宫博物院前馆长单霁翔表示：“长城象征着中国坚定的脊梁，而大运河则是贯穿中国人内心的血脉。”该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the bloodline，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【37题详解】考查不定式。句意：为了更好地了解这一“血统”，浙江美术馆正在举办一个名为《作为地球史诗的大运河》的展览。本句已有谓语is running且无连词，动词get用非谓语形式，get用不定式形式作目的状语，首字母大写。故填To get。 【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，由京杭大运河、隋唐大运河和浙东运河组成。泛指一段历史，history以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【39题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它绵延近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。结合并列系动词is可知，讲述一般性事实，并列谓语动词stretch用一般现在时，主语It，谓语单数形式。故填stretches。 【40题详解】考查现在分词。句意：大运河连接着中国的南北，延伸了贸易，塑造了文化。本句已有谓语extends和shapes，该动词与谓语无连词连接，动词connect用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the Grand Canal与动词connect是主谓关系，connect用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Connecting。 【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。形容词cultural作定语，修饰名词value。故填cultural。 【42题详解】考查名词复数。句意：《中国日报》报道称，城市化导致居民将垃圾和其他废弃物堆积在水道上，其他人甚至在运河边修建了非法建筑。structure是可数名词，用复数名词表泛指，作宾语。故填structures。 【43题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，到目前为止，在修复大运河方面采取了许多措施。副词fortunately作状语，修饰后面的句子，首字母大写。故填Fortunately。 【44题详解】查名词。句意：县、镇和村共有70名河长被指派清理和恢复59条河流，帮助运河的每一段达到减少污染和控制洪水的目标。不可数名词pollution作宾语。故填pollution。 【45题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：大运河正朝着我们所希望的方向发展。该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺乏宾语，意为“……的样子”，用连接代词what。故填what。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Autonomous driving vehicles may sound like science fiction, but they are racing into our daily lives sooner than many expected. Nowadays, people can hail (打车) robotaxis by using ride-hailing apps on their mobile phones in certain areas of Wuzhen, Zhejiang province. All they need to do is to input pickup and drop-off points and the number of passengers and—a self-driving taxi approaches—with a safety operator sitting behind the wheel to monitor the vehicle for safety. The vehicle runs smoothly and is capable of fully recognizing stop signs as it automatically decelerates before finally coming to a stop. As traffic lights change from red to green, the taxi moves through the crossings. Last December, Baidu officially opened its Apollo Park in Wuzhen, which serves as an important R&D, design, application and testing base for autonomous vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta region. As the fourth demonstration base for intelligent-connected vehicles built by Baidu in China, the park is equipped with facilities such as a vehicle-road coordination (协调) system, remote vehicle control platform, operation center and 5G-powered cockpit control system. Baidu plans to expand Apollo Go services to 65 cities in 2025, and 100 in 2030, said Robin Li, CEO of the company. “The massively reduced costs will enable us to deploy (调动) tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles across China. We are moving toward a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.” So far, Baidu Apollo’s L4 autonomous vehicles have run more than 36 million kilometers, with 718 autonomous driving permits in China, including 571 for carrying passengers. L4 autonomy means the vehicle can drive by itself under most circumstances, without a human driver. Baidu Apollo has rolled out robotaxi ride-hailing services in more than 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Yang Diange, a professor from the School of Vehicle and Mobility at Tsinghua University, said the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles will promote the innovation of technologies, and help companies explore reasonable business models, thus allowing autonomous driving technologies to create more value. 1. What does the underlined word “decelerate” mean in Paragraph 3 A. Speed up. B. Switch off. C. Stretch out. D. Slow down. 2. Which contributes to more autonomous vehicles in China A. Lower cost. B. 5G-powered control system. C. Ultimate safety. D. Convenient ride-hailing services. 3. What is Yang Diange’s attitude to the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What can be the best title for the text A. Baidu, a tech pioneer B. Baidu and its Apollo Parks C. Autonomous driving taxis taking market by storm D. Autonomous driving taxis replacing traditional ones overnight 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了百度计划扩展自动驾驶出租车的范围，推广其服务，自动驾驶出租车席卷市场。 【4题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中的“The vehicle runs smoothly and is capable of fully recognizing stop signs as it automatically decelerates before finally coming to a stop. (车辆运行平稳，能够完全识别停车标志，并在最终停车前自动减速)”可知，结合“fully recognizing stop signs”和“coming to a stop”，停车需要减速，可得出decelerate意为“减速（Slow dow）”。故选D项。 【5题详解】细节理解题。由第六段中的“The massively reduced costs will enable us to deploy (调动) tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles across China. (大幅降低的成本将使我们能够在中国各地部署数万辆自动驾驶汽车)”可知，更低的成本使中国有更多的自动驾驶汽车。故选A项。 【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“Yang Diange, a professor from the School of Vehicle and Mobility at Tsinghua University, said the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles will promote the innovation of technologies, and help companies explore reasonable business models, thus allowing autonomous driving technologies to create more value. (清华大学车辆与移动学院教授Yang Diange表示，自动驾驶汽车的商业运营将促进技术创新，帮助企业探索合理的商业模式，从而让自动驾驶技术创造更多价值)”可知，Yang Diange认为自动驾驶汽车的商业化运营有好处，可得出他对此持支持态度。故选B项。 【7题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Autonomous driving vehicles may sound like science fiction, but they are racing into our daily lives sooner than many expected. (自动驾驶汽车听起来可能像科幻小说，但它们比许多人预期的更快地进入我们的日常生活)”和第六段中的“Baidu plans to expand Apollo Go services to 65 cities in 2025, and 100 in 2030, said Robin Li, CEO of the company. (百度首席执行官李彦宏表示，百度计划2025年将Apollo Go服务扩展到65个城市，2030年将扩展到100个城市)”和倒数第二段“Baidu Apollo has rolled out robotaxi ride-hailing services in more than 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. (百度Apollo已在北京、上海、广州和深圳等10多个城市推出了自动打车服务)”可知，文章介绍了百度计划扩展自动驾驶出租车的范围，推广其服务，自动驾驶出租车席卷市场，C项“自动驾驶出租车席卷市场”符合文意。故选C项。 B Outdoor swimming helps reduce inflammation, the cause of many health issues. It should be a public health measure, says Mark Harper. A simple intervention that reduces inflammation could, therefore, be an effective public health measure. The potential of cold-water bathing is supported by the results of our survey of 722 people “self-medicating” with the activity. As we had assumed, most people with the inflammatory conditions found it helped their symptoms. Given the inflammatory aspect of Covid-19, there is good reason to think that cold water could also help with these healthcare issues. Most subjects were using cold-water bathing for their mental health. So, we involved 59 people with anxiety and depression into an eight-week sea-swimming course. Not only did we see an improvement in their symptoms during the course, but more than 80 per cent were still engaging in the activity and finding benefit from it three months later. Even if you don’t have access to open water, one study showed that office workers who had cold showers took fewer sick days than those who didn’t. The main issue is safe access. With sewage warnings for English and Welsh beaches this summer, water quality needs to be addressed urgently. Then, laws could be used to open up access and also free land owners from responsibility. After that, organizations like the National Trust might put in measures such as ladders and let people use their facilities. People also need to become safe and confident swimmers through courses such as those run by Chill UK, which began with our clinical trial and is now rolling out around the country, or groups like Mental Health Swims. Swimmers also need to be aware of how to reduce their risk of cold water shock. Happily, the potential benefits of cold-water swimming as a public health measure have been recognized by Fulton MacGregor, a member of Scottish parliament. As a result, we ran a round table at the Scottish parliament on 13 September. This will be followed by an in-person event in March 2023, bringing experts together to turn this into a reality. In the meantime, the water is still relatively warm, so why not try an outdoor bathing 5. What can we learn about cold-water bathing according to the text A. It may lead to mental problem. B. It may cause people to fall ill easily. C. It can cure people of Covid-19. D. It can reduce inflammatory symptoms. 6. How are the benefits of cold-water bathing proved in Paragraph 3 A. By listing reasons. B. By conducting an experiment. C. By raising doubts. D. By describing an application. 7. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about A. Solutions to safe access. B. Process of sewage treatment research. C. Problems with safe access. D. Methods of sewage treatment research. 8. What’s the purpose of this text A. To encourage readers to get involved in cold-water bathing. B. To introduce effective measures concerning cold-water bathing. C. To present some research process related to cold-water bathing. D. To show the mental benefits brought about by cold-water bathing. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了户外游泳有助于减少引起许多健康问题的炎症。马克·哈珀说，这应该是一项公共卫生措施。因此，减少炎症的简单干预可能是一种有效的公共卫生措施。介绍了有关冷水洗澡可以减轻炎症症状的研究。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The potential of cold-water bathing is supported by the results of our survey of 722 people “self-medicating” with the activity. As we had assumed, most people with the inflammatory conditions found it helped their symptoms . Given the inflammatory aspect of Covid-19, there is good reason to think that cold water could also help with these healthcare issues.(我们对722人进行的“自我治疗”的调查结果支持了冷水洗澡的潜力。正如我们所假设的，大多数患有炎症的人发现它有助于他们的症状。考虑到Covid-19的炎症性，有充分的理由认为冷水也可以帮助解决这些健康问题)”可知，冷水洗澡可以减轻炎症症状。故选D。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Most subjects were using cold-water bathing for their mental health. So, we involved 59 people with anxiety and depression into an eight-week sea-swimming course. Not only did we see an improvement in their symptoms during the course, but more than 80 per cent were still engaging in the activity and finding benefit from it three months later.(大多数受试者为了心理健康使用冷水洗澡。因此，我们让59名患有焦虑症和抑郁症的人参加了为期8周的海上游泳课程。在这个过程中，我们不仅看到他们的症状有所改善，而且超过80%的人仍然参与这项活动，并在三个月后从中受益)”可知，在第3段中冷水洗澡的好处通过进行实验来证明。故选B。 【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“The main issue is safe access. With sewage warnings for English and Welsh beaches this summer, water quality needs to be addressed urgently. Then, laws could be used to open up access and also free land owners from responsibility. After that, organizations like the National Trust might put in measures such as ladders and let people use their facilities.(主要问题是安全使用。随着今年夏天英格兰和威尔士海滩的污水警告，水质问题需要紧急解决。然后，法律可以用来开放准入，也可以让土地所有者免于责任。在那之后，像国民信托这样的组织可能会采取梯子等措施，让人们使用他们的设施)”可知，第五段主要讲了安全的解决方案。故选A。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Outdoor swimming helps reduce inflammation, the cause of many health issues. It should be a public health measure, says Mark Harper. A simple intervention that reduces inflammation could, therefore, be an effective public health measure.(户外游泳有助于减少引起许多健康问题的炎症。马克·哈珀说，这应该是一项公共卫生措施。因此，减少炎症的简单干预可能是一种有效的公共卫生措施)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是鼓励读者参与冷水浴。故选A。 C When I am surfing the Web, I want to be drawn by articles on Europe’s political history, but I end up reading menus from Alcatraz prison. Why does that happen Curiosity seems beyond your control, and trying to direct it sounds like forcing yourself to find a joke funny. But if you know what boosts curiosity, you may be able to understand it a little better. During the evolution, curious animals were more likely to survive because they learned about their environments. Humans, too, will give up a known payoff to investigate the unknown. Scientists did some experiments. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to choose one of four photos, each carrying some chance of a cash prize. Photos repeated, so subjects learned to pick the best. But when a new photo appeared, they chose it more often than the familiar ones. This preference for new one is, of course, the reason why producers regularly change product packaging. Also, curiosity improves learning. In the second experiment, subjects read simple questions and rated how curious each made them feel. Later, they saw the question again, each followed by a photo of a face, and judged whether that person looked as if he or she would know the answer. In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better remembered those appearing after the questions that make them curious. This function of curiosity—to heighten memory—is the key to understanding why we’re curious about some things instead of others. We feel most curious when exploration produces the most learning. Suppose I ask you, “what’s the most common type of star in the Milky Way ” You’ll obviously feel uninterested if you already know the answer. But you’ll also feel little curious if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn’t connect it to other knowledge, so it would seem nearly meaningless. We’re maximally curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right part to complement what we already know. 9. Why does the author mention his own experience in Paragraph 1 A. To present a fact. B. To introduce a topic. C. To make a prediction. D. To explain a concept. 10. Why do producers change the packaging of the products frequently A. To attract customers’ interest. B. To follow the latest trend. C. To represent companies’ creativity. D. To show the new products. 11. What can we learn from the experiments in Paragraphs 3 and 4 A. The questions in the second experiment were interesting. B. In both experiments, subjects preferred to choose the new objects. C. In the second experiment, curiosity contributed to the subjects’ better memory. D. The new photos in the first experiment had higher possibilities of a cash prize. 12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph A. Satisfying curiosity makes us feel pleased. B. A well-known topic makes us most curious. C. People are most curious about totally unfamiliar topic. D. People will be most curious when the unknown hugs the known. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了激发好奇心的因素以及相关的研究。 【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“When I am surfing the Web, I want to be drawn by articles on Europe’s political history, but I end up reading menus from Alcatraz prison. Why does that happen (当我在网上冲浪时，我想被关于欧洲政治史的文章吸引，但我最终读到了恶魔岛监狱的菜单。为什么会这样？)”可推知，作者在第一段提到他自己的经历是为了引入文章话题——什么激发了好奇心。故选B。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when a new photo appeared, they chose it more often than the familiar ones. This preference for new one is, of course, the reason why producers regularly change product packaging.(但当一张新照片出现时，他们选择它的频率要高于熟悉的照片。当然，这种对新包装的偏好也是生产商经常更换产品包装的原因)”可知，生产商经常更换产品的包装是为了吸引顾客的兴趣。故选A。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better remembered those appearing after the questions that make them curious. (在对这些面孔进行的出人意料的最后记忆测试中，受试者更好地记住了那些让他们好奇的问题后出现的面孔)”可知，从第二个实验，我们可以了解到好奇心有助于受试者更好的记忆力。故选C。 【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But you’ll also feel little curious if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn’t connect it to other knowledge, so it would seem nearly meaningless. We’re maximally curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right part to complement what we already know.(但如果你对恒星一无所知，你也会感到好奇；如果你知道了答案，你无法将它与其他知识联系起来，所以它看起来几乎毫无意义。当我们感觉到环境提供了正确的新信息来补充我们已经知道的信息时，我们会极大地好奇)”可推知，当未知拥抱已知时，人们最好奇。故选D。 二、写作 1. 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike对中国传统艺术很感兴趣，你想邀请他和你一起去参观你们当地的一个剪纸艺术展览。请你给他发一封邮件，告知具体事项，内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 剪纸艺术展览的目的和意义等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mike, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 答案： Dear Mike. Knowing that you are interested in Chinese traditional art, I am writing to invite you to pay a visit together with me to the local paper-cutting exhibition. As scheduled, the exhibition starts at 9: 00 am, which lasts two hours on the morning of November 5th 2023, to be held in the City Museum. This attractive activity is held every year and it has a history of about sixty years. As you know, so famous is our paper-cutting that our city is called “the hometown of Chinese paper cutting”. Featuring the charm of our folk art and talent of our people, it attracts viewers all over the world who all speak highly of the fantastic works. Paper-cutting not only cultivates ability of aesthetic appreciation, but also enhances the understanding of traditional Chinese culture. It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation and I bet you will harvest a lot from the exhibition. Long for your coming. Yours. Li Hua 2. 读后续写 请阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Every year, the whales stopped in our cove during their six-thousand-mile trip south from the Bering Sea. They swam right into the cove next to our town and stayed there for days. You could see them splashing their tails and looking at everyone on the beach. People came from far away to see those huge and amazing creatures. The whales seemed to like the attention. They would dive and spout water almost as if they were performing for us. I couldn’t imagine feeling so comfortable with all those people watching me. Just the idea of performing made me freeze up like a block of ice. I loved spending time at the cove when no one else was around. I felt too shy to sing in front of people, but the whales were a great audience! They swam and jumped in the cove while I sang. They seemed to like my songs, and I knew they would never let out my secret. I hadn’t told my family or friends about my songs. I wasn’t ready to share my music yet. While I was walking along the rocks one day, I spotted an unusual shape in the water next to the beach. It was a whale! The whale wasn’t moving at all, and much of it was out of the water. I realized that it must have swum too close to the shore and gotten stuck. I knew I wasn’t big enough to push the whale out to deeper water. Still, I had to do something, so I turned and ran back down the beach for help. I spotted my sister Rosa coming toward me. “Rosa!” I shouted loudly. “Quick, go home and get help—a whale is stuck!” Rosa hesitated for a second, then turned and ran toward home. I went back to keep watch. Soon, my mom and dad came rushing and I showed them where the whale was. “We need to get this whale back in the sea!” Dad said. “Tomas, you and Rosa keep the whale wet while we run and get help.” Rosa and I waded(涉水)into the water next to the whale and began to water it. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.开头已给出，不计入词数。 Paragraph 1: Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet, the whale was trembling with fear. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later, the entire town came. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet, the whale was trembling with fear. Watching its shaking body, I was on the verge of tears. Then, an idea took shape in my head. “I’ll sing to it!” I said to Rosa. “You sing ” Rosa asked, puzzled. Nodding my head, I tried to use my music to comfort the huge creature. “Sing louder, the whale is relaxing!” Rosa exclaimed. So I sang louder. The whale did seem more relaxed. It wasn’t trembling as much anymore. I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later, the entire town came. They immediately joined us in watering the whale, though they seemed to be astonished at my singing aloud. At last, the tide reached its highest point and our whale struggled out into the sea with everyone’s push. Breathing a sigh of relief, everyone began to clap and cheer, not only for the whale’s safety but also for my music. I had thought it would be rather embarrassing to share my song, but now it made me feel good and great. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者发现了一条搁浅的鲸鱼，找来了家人想要帮助鲸鱼回到海里。作者看到鲸鱼很害怕，于是通过唱歌来安抚鲸鱼，最终鲸在大家的推动下挣扎着游到海里去了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“尽管罗莎和我一直把它弄湿，鲸鱼还是害怕得发抖。”可知，第一段可描写作者对鲸鱼唱歌来安抚鲸鱼。 ②由第二段首句内容“我继续唱歌让鲸鱼冷静下来，过了一会儿，整个小镇的人都来了”可知，第二段可描写大家帮助鲸鱼回到海里的经过。 2.续写线索：害怕发抖——唱歌安抚——放松——更多人来帮助——回到海里——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①安抚：comfort /relieve ②尝试：try/attempt ③努力：struggle /strive 情绪类 ①困惑的：puzzled /confused ②惊讶的：astonished /surprised 【点睛】[高分句型1] Watching its shaking body, I was on the verge of tears. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] They immediately joined us in watering the whale, though they seemed to be astonished at my singing aloud. (运用了though引导让步状语从句)
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：find your / its way (to / into…) 偶然来到；无意中处于 find fault (with sb / sth) 找碴儿；挑错；抱怨；挑剔 find your way (to…) 找到正确的路（去某处） find for / against sb [no passive]（律）作出对……有利（或不利）的裁决；判……胜诉（或败诉） find out (about sth / sb) / find out sth (about sth / sb) 查明，弄清（情况） find out what, when, etc. / find out that… find sb out 查出（坏人）；识破 知识点2：opposing adj. 对抗的；相反的 (1) oppose vt.& vi. 反对；对抗 oppose (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 oppose sb./sb.’s doing sth. 反对某人做某事 (2) opposed adj. 强烈反对的；截然不同的 be opposed to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事 (3) opponent n． 对手，竞争者；反对者 (4) as opposed to （表示对比）而，相对于 [而不是=rather than] just the opposite 恰恰相反 知识点3：in praise of 歌颂; 为赞扬 in charge of 负责; 掌管 in need of 需要 in memory of 纪念, 追念 in honor of 向……表示敬意, 为祝贺…… in possession of 拥有, 占有 in pursuit of 追求, 寻求 in the charge of 被……管理, 由……负责 in the possession of 被……占有 知识点4：move the goalposts 改变条件或规则 goalpost （also post） n. 球门柱 Certain European nations are trying to move the goalposts so that some of their Eastern neighbors will find it easier to join the EU. 知识点5：complain vi. & vt. 抱怨, 投诉 (1)complain that. . . 抱怨…… complain (to sb. ) about/of sth. (向某人)抱怨某事 (2)complaint n. 抱怨; 投诉 make a complaint against/about. . . 对……投诉 Some people — and I was one of them — believe that humorous complaints about the little problems of life make humor, and sometimes that is the case. 有些人——我也是其中之一——认为对生活中的小问题幽默地抱怨会产生幽默, 有时确实如此。 知识点6：score an own goal 进乌龙球，无意中做让自己吃亏的事 If someone makes a bad mistake which unintentionally harms their own interests, they are said to have scored an own goal. 知识点7: unintentionally adv. 无意地，非故意地，偶然地，非存心地 (1)intention n. 意图, 目的, 打算 intentional adj. 故意的; 蓄意的; 策划的 intentionally adv. 故意地, 有意地 (2)intend v. 打算, 想要, 计划 intend to do sth. 打算做某事 had intended to do sth. 本打算做某事 be intended to do sth. 目的是做某事 be intended for 为……打算或设计的 Philip Gingerich had unintentionally taken up this challenge in the mid-1970s. 知识点8: throw sb a curveball 给某人出难题，出其不意地刁难某人 curveball n. 弧线球；曲线球 The workers complained that their boss threw them a curveball. 知识点9: fist n. 拳，拳头，一把 vt. 用拳打 shake your fist at sb 对某人挥拳以示愤怒 make a better, good, poor, etc. fist of sth 试图把（或未能把）某事做得很成功 make / lose money hand over fist 赚大钱；破大财 知识点10: handle vt. 应付，处理，触，碰，控制，管理，支配，操纵 n. 柄，把手，拉手 (1)handle=deal with 处理, 安排, 对付 handle it=manage it 应付得了 handle oneself 把握自己 (2)handle bar 把手; 车把 fly off the handle 勃然大怒，大发雷霆 He knows how to handle the machine. 知识点11：below the belt 不公正，不正当，伤人的 belt n.①腰带；皮带 ②传送带；传动带 ③地带；地区 tighten your belt 勒紧腰带（省吃俭用） If someone makes an unfair and cruel remark, we can describe it as below the belt. 知识点12：cruel adj. 残忍的，冷酷的，残暴的，恶意的，刻意伤人的，使人痛苦的 (1)be cruel to 对……残酷 a cruel blow 一大打击 (2)cruelly adv. 残酷地; 非常 cruelty n. 残酷; 残忍; 残酷的行为 We shouldn't be cruel to animals. 知识点13：remark n. 评论；议论，谈论，言论 vi. & vt. 评论，说起，谈到，注意到 (1)remark on/upon 谈论, 评论, 就……发表意见 remark that. . . 谈起, 说起…… (2)make a remark/remarks on/about. . . 就……发表评论 (3)remarkable adj. 显著的, 非凡的, 值得注意的 be remarkable for 以……著称/引人瞩目 The teacher asked the students to make a remark on this page. 知识点14：towel n. 毛巾，茶巾，擦干餐具等用的拭布，擦碗巾，纸巾 vt. 用毛巾擦拭，用毛巾擦干 throw in the towel 认输，承认失败 知识点15：literally adv. 逐字地，按照字面上地，不夸张地，正确地，真实地，简直 He translated this article literally. 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. The ____________(oppose) team were so convulsed with laughter that they almost forgot to hit the ball. 2. The food was excellent—I had no cause for ____________(complain). 3. Our ____________ (salesman)call on their best account twice a month. 4. His plan ____________(backfire), and he suffered great loss. 5. Had I hurt her, ____________(intentional), it’s surely against my will. 6. I need to find ____________ handle that matches and that shouldn’t take too long. 7. British Labor Day and International Labor Day are closely ____________(relate). 8. It’s that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a ____________(remark)character. 9. Which of the following words in the first paragraph is used ____________(literal) 10. Thomas Rane scolded Peters for his ____________(cruel) to the cat. 答案：1. opposing 2. complaint 3. salesmen 4. backfired 5. unintentionally 6. a 7. related 8. remarkable 9. literally 10. cruelty 二、单词拼写 1. We're playing against the l___________ (联赛) champion next week. 2. I can’t stand people who are c__________ (残酷的) to animals. 3. I wasn't familiar with the__________(习语,成语), so I had to guess what he meant. 4. The similarities between the two have often been r____________(说起，评论) on. 5. The c____________(地方议会) is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting. 6. If the ball touches the________( 球网) during a serve in a game of tennis, you have to serve again. 7. After hours of talking about the price, the shopkeeper at last closed a deal with the_________(售货员) 8. If you say that someone can___________(处理,应付) a problem or situation, you mean that he or she has the ability to deal with it successfully. 9. A recent situation made me realize that breaking promises might (无意地)hurt others' feelings. 10. Don't____________ (抱怨). If you don't like something，change it; if you can't change it, change your attitude. 答案1.league 2.cruel 3. idiom 4.remarked 5.council 6.net 7.salesman 8.handle 9.unintentionally plain 三、选词填空 make no remark; complain about; find one's way into; move the goalposts; score an own goal; make a mistake; below the belt; stay up late; throw in the towel; in the ballpark
1. People _____________how children spend so much time on computer games and call on the school to take some useful steps. 2. I had to _____________to do my homework because I left it until the last minute again. 3. Now, the salary isn't as high as I hoped, but I accept it because it's _____________at least. 4. We were never able to regain our lead after Thomas _____________late in the second half. 5. In addition, large amounts of untreated industrial waste liquids _____________rivers and lakes. 6. We're never going to get the book design finished in time if the publisher keeps __________ every couple of months like this! 7. This means that when they don't know a word, they are going to _____________. 8. I've been working on this book for over a year, and I'm getting nowhere with it. I think I'm ready to ____________. 9. Some parents are too strict with their children, giving them no free time to relax, which is _____________. 10. The scientist remarked he had found a remarkable way, but others _____________ about it. 答案：1.complain about 2.stay up late 3.in the ballpark 4.scored an own goal 5.find their way into 6.moving the goalposts 7.make a mistake 8.throw in the towel 9.below the belt 10.made no remark 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 “Exercise snack” does good. Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits. ____1____That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session. Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time. ____2____ It’s still ideal to get longer exercise sessions regularly, but you’ll benefit from any amount that you can fit into your day. ____3____ Lifting your voice in a choir (合唱团) has cognitive (认知的) benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers. This makes sense, since it’s a hobby that requires attention, information processing, linguistic output, learning and memory. Parkinson’s patients should hit the links. ___4____ But many patients lack the motivation. In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55. ___5____ Just as importantly, 86 per cent of golfers said they were “definitely” likely to continue the activity after the study’s end, compared to 33 per cent of the tai chi group. A. Choir singing boosts the brain. B. Developing hobbies improves memory. C. Short bursts of exercise will benefit the health in the short term. D. However, evidence has shown that anything is better than nothing. E. The patients playing golf saw their balance and walking ability improve. F. Exercise is one of the most powerful treatments for people with Parkinson’s disease. G. Examples include a few push-ups, 60 seconds on a bike, or a jog up a flight of stairs. 【答案】1. D 2. G 3. A 4. F 5. E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“把锻炼当零食”这一理念，以及介绍了参加合唱和打高尔夫对健康有益处。 【16题详解】上文“Health experts used to say you needed to exercise for at least ten minutes at a time to gain any benefits.(健康专家过去常说，你需要一次锻炼至少十分钟才能获得任何益处)”以及下文“That’s why the WHO’s Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior no longer recommends a minimum time for an exercise session.(这就是为什么世界卫生组织的《身体活动和久坐行为指南》不再建议锻炼的最短时间)”说明锻炼的时间长度不再像过去一样受限，D项“然而，证据表明，有总比什么都没有好。”与上文形成转折关系，引出下文，符合题意。故选D。 【17题详解】上文“Meanwhile, scientists have adopted the term “exercise snack” to refer to bursts of physical activity that take little time.(与此同时，科学家们采用了“把锻炼当零食”这一术语，指的是只需要花很少时间的突发性体育活动)”说明“把锻炼当零食”是一种只需要花很少时间的体育活动，G项“例子包括几个俯卧撑，骑自行车60秒，或在一段楼梯上慢跑。”具体举例说明“把锻炼当零食”，承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 【18题详解】下文“Lifting your voice in a choir has cognitive benefits, according to a Finnish study published in Plos One. The study found that elderly singers had better verbal fluency compared to non-singers.(根据发表在Plos One上的一项芬兰研究，在合唱团提高嗓门对认知有好处。研究发现，与非歌手相比，老年歌手的语言流畅性更好)”说明在合唱团提高嗓音合唱对认知有益处，A项中Choir singing是关键词，A项“合唱能增强大脑。”引出下文，适合做本段小标题。故选A。 【19题详解】下文“But many patients lack the motivation.(但许多患者缺乏动力)”说明许多帕金森患者缺乏锻炼的动力，F项“锻炼是帕金森病患者最有效的治疗方法之一。”引出下文，与下文形成转折关系，符合题意。故选F。 【20题详解】上文“In an effort to identify a physical activity that’s beneficial, research presented at the American Academy of Neurology compared tai chi — which is known to greatly improve balance and prevent falls — to golf, a favourite sport of many people over 55.(为了确定一种有益的体育活动，美国神经学学会的一项研究将可以极大地改善平衡和防止摔倒的太极拳比作高尔夫，一项许多55岁以上的人最喜欢的运动)”说明高尔夫和太极拳一样，可以改善平衡和防止摔倒，E项“打高尔夫球的患者发现他们的平衡和行走能力有所改善。”承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 二、完形填空 At thirteen years old, I was like any other kid. However, inside I had a secret that made me feel ____1____. I was diagnosed with ADD(注意力缺陷症), which means I’m pretty bright, ____2____ . I’m also learning disabled. In middle school, I ____3____ Language Arts with Mrs. Smith, who was ____4____ with us. When I told her that I have ADD and asked her if I might be able to use my word processor(处理器)at home to do written ____5____, she gave me a questioning look and said, “You are ____6____ different from anyone else, young man.” She ____7____, “I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!” The ____8____ was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s(红叉). One day, after she had handed me back my fifth X’s paper of the term, I ____9____ her desk for the second time. However, she responded immediately, “It’s against school policy, young man. No unfair advantages.” So I had no choice but to prove to her or rather prove to myself, that I could do the work under the right ____10____. I secretly unfolded the assignment on my bed that night. The story, which had seemed so ____11____ in class, became quite clear to me. With my word processor, my thoughts ____12____ so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard, explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally ____13____ me. The next day, as my eyes focused on the white page, I found an A ____14____ the paper instead of X. Underneath were her neatly red-penned words. “See what you can do when you ____15____ the boundaries of your limit ” 1. A. happy B. proud C. different D. dynamic 2. A. and B. so C. as D. yet 3. A. quit B. gave C. made D. took 4. A. strict B. bored C. satisfied D. angry 5. A. assignments B. assessments C. translations D. examinations 6. A. rarely B. literally C. really D. completely 7. A. argued B. added C. reported D. replied 8. A. promise B. dream C. result D. cause 9. A. found B. left C. passed D. approached 10. A. leadership B. conditions C. guidance D. directions 11. A. appealing B. confusing C. promising D. boring 12. A. let out B. left out C. poured out D. found out 13. A. forget B. understand C. thank D. forgive 14. A. decorating B. deciding C. describing D. distributing 15. A. decrease B. draw C. pull D. push 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者有多动症，但是史密斯太太不接受作者认为自己和他人不同的说法，总是给作业打上红叉。最终作者通过自己的方式证明了自己。 【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，我内心有一个秘密，让我感觉不一样。A. happy快乐的；B. proud自豪的；C. different不同的；D. dynamic动态的。呼应后文“different from anyone else”指感觉不一样。故选C。 【22题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我被诊断为多动症，这意味着我很聪明，但我也有学习障碍。A. and并且；B. so所以；C. as因为；D. yet但是。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，应用yet。故选D。 【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. quit停止；B. gave给予；C. made制作；D. took带走；学习，选修（课程）。根据后文“Language Arts with Mrs. Smith”指上课应用动词take。故选D。 【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中学，我和史密斯夫人一起上语言艺术课，她对我们很严格。A. strict严格的；B. bored厌倦的；C. satisfied满足的；D. angry生气的。根据后文“she gave me a questioning look and said”可知，史密斯夫人很严格。故选A。 【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. assignments作业；B. assessments评价；C. translations翻译；D. examinations检查。根据后文“unfolded the assignment”可知，这里指用文字处理机做书面作业。故选A。 【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉她我有注意力缺陷多动症，并问她我是否可以在家用我的文字处理机做书面作业时，她疑惑地看了我一眼，说：“年轻人，你和其他人没什么不同。”A. rarely很少；几乎不；B. literally字面上；C. really真正地；D. completely完全地。根据后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”可知，老师说作者和其他人几乎没有什么不同，故选A。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她补充说，“我不会让你比同龄人拥有不公平的优势!”A. argued 争论；B. added增加，补充；C. reported报告；D. replied回答。后文“I will not give you an unfair advantage over your peers!(我不会让你比你的同龄人拥有不公平的优势！)”是老师补充说的话。故选B。 【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：结果，我的每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。A. promised承诺；B. dream梦想；C. result结果；D. cause原因。根据后文“was that my each paper came back decorated by Mrs. Smith’s red X’s”可知，作者交作业的结果是每一篇文章都被史密斯夫人用红叉标记了回来。故选C。 【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天，她把我本学期的第五次红叉试卷还给我后，我第二次走到她的桌前。A. found找到；B. left离开；C. passed通过；D. approached靠近。根据后文“her desk”指走近桌前。故选D。 【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以我别无选择，只能向她证明，或者更确切地说，向我自己证明，在合适的条件下，我可以做这项工作。A. leadership领导；B. conditions条件；C. guidance指导；D. directions方向。根据上文“I could do the work under the right”可知，作者在合适的条件下，可以做这项工作。故选B。 【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但现在我理解这个故事了。A. appealing吸引人的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. promising有前途的；D. boring无聊的。根据后文“became quite clear to me”可知，这个故事在课堂上似乎很混乱，但是作者现在理解这个故事了。故选B。 【32题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. let out放出；B. left out忽视；C. poured out倒出；D. found out找出。根据后文“so fast that my fingers danced across the keyboard”可知，作者的思绪倾泻而出。故选C。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：用我的文字处理机，我的思绪倾泻而出，我的手指在键盘上跳来跳去，我在解释我自己，希望史密斯太太最终能理解我。A. forget忘记；B. understand理解；C. thank感谢；D. forgive原谅。根据上文“explaining myself in hopes that Mrs. Smith would finally”可知，作者解释自己，希望史密斯太太最后能理解自己。故选B。 【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，当我的眼睛盯着白色的纸时，我发现纸上装饰的不是X，而是A。A. decorating装饰；B. deciding决定；C. describing描述；D. distributing分配。根据后文“the paper instead of X”指作者的作业得了A，即有A“装饰”。故选A。 【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“看看当你挑战自己的极限时，你能做什么？”A. decrease减少；B. draw画画；C. pull拉；D. push推。根据后文“the boundaries of your limit”指挑战极限，应用push the boundaries。故选D。 三、语法填空 “The Great Wall symbolizes the firm backbone of China, while the Grand Canal is the bloodline ____1____ flows through the hearts of Chinese people,” said Shan Jixiang, former director of the Palace Museum. ____2___(get) a better understanding of this “bloodline”, Zhejiang Art Museum is running an exhibition called The Grand Canal as Epic on Earth. With ____3____ history of more than 2, 500 years, the Grand Canal consists of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedong Canal. It ____4____(stretch) nearly 3, 200 kilometers and is the world’s longest man-made waterway. ____5____(connect) the north and south of China, the Grand Canal extends trade and shapes culture. However, as some sections of the canal have dried up and been disused due to historical evolution and climate change, some people seem to forget its ____6____(culture) value. China Daily reported that urbanization (城市化) has led to garbage and other waste being piled up on the waterway by residents, and others have even built illegal ____7____(structure) beside the canal. ____8____(fortunate), many measures has been adopted so far toward restoration of the Grand Canal. For example, in Gucheng county of Hengshui city in Hebei, a new policy was carried out—a river chief system. A total of 70 river chiefs at county, town and village levels have been assigned to clean and restore 59 river lines, helping each section of the canal to reach its targets for reducing ____9____(pollute) and controlling flooding. The Grand Canal is taking a turn for _____10_____ we are hoping for. 【答案】1. that##which 2. To get 3. a 4. stretches 5. Connecting 6. cultural 7. structures 8. Fortunately 9. pollution 10. what 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了京杭大运河的历史意义以及为保护京杭大运河所做的努力。 【36题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：故宫博物院前馆长单霁翔表示：“长城象征着中国坚定的脊梁，而大运河则是贯穿中国人内心的血脉。”该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the bloodline，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 【37题详解】考查不定式。句意：为了更好地了解这一“血统”，浙江美术馆正在举办一个名为《作为地球史诗的大运河》的展览。本句已有谓语is running且无连词，动词get用非谓语形式，get用不定式形式作目的状语，首字母大写。故填To get。 【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：大运河有2500多年的历史，由京杭大运河、隋唐大运河和浙东运河组成。泛指一段历史，history以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 【39题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：它绵延近3200公里，是世界上最长的人造水道。结合并列系动词is可知，讲述一般性事实，并列谓语动词stretch用一般现在时，主语It，谓语单数形式。故填stretches。 【40题详解】考查现在分词。句意：大运河连接着中国的南北，延伸了贸易，塑造了文化。本句已有谓语extends和shapes，该动词与谓语无连词连接，动词connect用非谓语形式，逻辑主语the Grand Canal与动词connect是主谓关系，connect用现在分词（doing）表主动，作状语，首字母大写。故填Connecting。 【41题详解】考查形容词。句意：然而，由于历史演变和气候变化，运河的一些部分已经干涸和废弃，一些人似乎忘记了它的文化价值。形容词cultural作定语，修饰名词value。故填cultural。 【42题详解】考查名词复数。句意：《中国日报》报道称，城市化导致居民将垃圾和其他废弃物堆积在水道上，其他人甚至在运河边修建了非法建筑。structure是可数名词，用复数名词表泛指，作宾语。故填structures。 【43题详解】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，到目前为止，在修复大运河方面采取了许多措施。副词fortunately作状语，修饰后面的句子，首字母大写。故填Fortunately。 【44题详解】查名词。句意：县、镇和村共有70名河长被指派清理和恢复59条河流，帮助运河的每一段达到减少污染和控制洪水的目标。不可数名词pollution作宾语。故填pollution。 【45题详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：大运河正朝着我们所希望的方向发展。该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺乏宾语，意为“……的样子”，用连接代词what。故填what。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Autonomous driving vehicles may sound like science fiction, but they are racing into our daily lives sooner than many expected. Nowadays, people can hail (打车) robotaxis by using ride-hailing apps on their mobile phones in certain areas of Wuzhen, Zhejiang province. All they need to do is to input pickup and drop-off points and the number of passengers and—a self-driving taxi approaches—with a safety operator sitting behind the wheel to monitor the vehicle for safety. The vehicle runs smoothly and is capable of fully recognizing stop signs as it automatically decelerates before finally coming to a stop. As traffic lights change from red to green, the taxi moves through the crossings. Last December, Baidu officially opened its Apollo Park in Wuzhen, which serves as an important R&D, design, application and testing base for autonomous vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta region. As the fourth demonstration base for intelligent-connected vehicles built by Baidu in China, the park is equipped with facilities such as a vehicle-road coordination (协调) system, remote vehicle control platform, operation center and 5G-powered cockpit control system. Baidu plans to expand Apollo Go services to 65 cities in 2025, and 100 in 2030, said Robin Li, CEO of the company. “The massively reduced costs will enable us to deploy (调动) tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles across China. We are moving toward a future where taking a robotaxi will be half the cost of taking a taxi today.” So far, Baidu Apollo’s L4 autonomous vehicles have run more than 36 million kilometers, with 718 autonomous driving permits in China, including 571 for carrying passengers. L4 autonomy means the vehicle can drive by itself under most circumstances, without a human driver. Baidu Apollo has rolled out robotaxi ride-hailing services in more than 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Yang Diange, a professor from the School of Vehicle and Mobility at Tsinghua University, said the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles will promote the innovation of technologies, and help companies explore reasonable business models, thus allowing autonomous driving technologies to create more value. 1. What does the underlined word “decelerate” mean in Paragraph 3 A. Speed up. B. Switch off. C. Stretch out. D. Slow down. 2. Which contributes to more autonomous vehicles in China A. Lower cost. B. 5G-powered control system. C. Ultimate safety. D. Convenient ride-hailing services. 3. What is Yang Diange’s attitude to the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles A. Cautious. B. Supportive. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear. 4. What can be the best title for the text A. Baidu, a tech pioneer B. Baidu and its Apollo Parks C. Autonomous driving taxis taking market by storm D. Autonomous driving taxis replacing traditional ones overnight 【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了百度计划扩展自动驾驶出租车的范围，推广其服务，自动驾驶出租车席卷市场。 【4题详解】词句猜测题。由第三段中的“The vehicle runs smoothly and is capable of fully recognizing stop signs as it automatically decelerates before finally coming to a stop. (车辆运行平稳，能够完全识别停车标志，并在最终停车前自动减速)”可知，结合“fully recognizing stop signs”和“coming to a stop”，停车需要减速，可得出decelerate意为“减速（Slow dow）”。故选D项。 【5题详解】细节理解题。由第六段中的“The massively reduced costs will enable us to deploy (调动) tens of thousands of autonomous vehicles across China. (大幅降低的成本将使我们能够在中国各地部署数万辆自动驾驶汽车)”可知，更低的成本使中国有更多的自动驾驶汽车。故选A项。 【6题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“Yang Diange, a professor from the School of Vehicle and Mobility at Tsinghua University, said the commercial operation of self-driving vehicles will promote the innovation of technologies, and help companies explore reasonable business models, thus allowing autonomous driving technologies to create more value. (清华大学车辆与移动学院教授Yang Diange表示，自动驾驶汽车的商业运营将促进技术创新，帮助企业探索合理的商业模式，从而让自动驾驶技术创造更多价值)”可知，Yang Diange认为自动驾驶汽车的商业化运营有好处，可得出他对此持支持态度。故选B项。 【7题详解】主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Autonomous driving vehicles may sound like science fiction, but they are racing into our daily lives sooner than many expected. (自动驾驶汽车听起来可能像科幻小说，但它们比许多人预期的更快地进入我们的日常生活)”和第六段中的“Baidu plans to expand Apollo Go services to 65 cities in 2025, and 100 in 2030, said Robin Li, CEO of the company. (百度首席执行官李彦宏表示，百度计划2025年将Apollo Go服务扩展到65个城市，2030年将扩展到100个城市)”和倒数第二段“Baidu Apollo has rolled out robotaxi ride-hailing services in more than 10 cities, including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen. (百度Apollo已在北京、上海、广州和深圳等10多个城市推出了自动打车服务)”可知，文章介绍了百度计划扩展自动驾驶出租车的范围，推广其服务，自动驾驶出租车席卷市场，C项“自动驾驶出租车席卷市场”符合文意。故选C项。 B Outdoor swimming helps reduce inflammation, the cause of many health issues. It should be a public health measure, says Mark Harper. A simple intervention that reduces inflammation could, therefore, be an effective public health measure. The potential of cold-water bathing is supported by the results of our survey of 722 people “self-medicating” with the activity. As we had assumed, most people with the inflammatory conditions found it helped their symptoms. Given the inflammatory aspect of Covid-19, there is good reason to think that cold water could also help with these healthcare issues. Most subjects were using cold-water bathing for their mental health. So, we involved 59 people with anxiety and depression into an eight-week sea-swimming course. Not only did we see an improvement in their symptoms during the course, but more than 80 per cent were still engaging in the activity and finding benefit from it three months later. Even if you don’t have access to open water, one study showed that office workers who had cold showers took fewer sick days than those who didn’t. The main issue is safe access. With sewage warnings for English and Welsh beaches this summer, water quality needs to be addressed urgently. Then, laws could be used to open up access and also free land owners from responsibility. After that, organizations like the National Trust might put in measures such as ladders and let people use their facilities. People also need to become safe and confident swimmers through courses such as those run by Chill UK, which began with our clinical trial and is now rolling out around the country, or groups like Mental Health Swims. Swimmers also need to be aware of how to reduce their risk of cold water shock. Happily, the potential benefits of cold-water swimming as a public health measure have been recognized by Fulton MacGregor, a member of Scottish parliament. As a result, we ran a round table at the Scottish parliament on 13 September. This will be followed by an in-person event in March 2023, bringing experts together to turn this into a reality. In the meantime, the water is still relatively warm, so why not try an outdoor bathing 5. What can we learn about cold-water bathing according to the text A. It may lead to mental problem. B. It may cause people to fall ill easily. C. It can cure people of Covid-19. D. It can reduce inflammatory symptoms. 6. How are the benefits of cold-water bathing proved in Paragraph 3 A. By listing reasons. B. By conducting an experiment. C. By raising doubts. D. By describing an application. 7. What is Paragraph 5 mainly about A. Solutions to safe access. B. Process of sewage treatment research. C. Problems with safe access. D. Methods of sewage treatment research. 8. What’s the purpose of this text A. To encourage readers to get involved in cold-water bathing. B. To introduce effective measures concerning cold-water bathing. C. To present some research process related to cold-water bathing. D. To show the mental benefits brought about by cold-water bathing. 【答案】5. D 6. B 7. A 8. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了户外游泳有助于减少引起许多健康问题的炎症。马克·哈珀说，这应该是一项公共卫生措施。因此，减少炎症的简单干预可能是一种有效的公共卫生措施。介绍了有关冷水洗澡可以减轻炎症症状的研究。 【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“The potential of cold-water bathing is supported by the results of our survey of 722 people “self-medicating” with the activity. As we had assumed, most people with the inflammatory conditions found it helped their symptoms . Given the inflammatory aspect of Covid-19, there is good reason to think that cold water could also help with these healthcare issues.(我们对722人进行的“自我治疗”的调查结果支持了冷水洗澡的潜力。正如我们所假设的，大多数患有炎症的人发现它有助于他们的症状。考虑到Covid-19的炎症性，有充分的理由认为冷水也可以帮助解决这些健康问题)”可知，冷水洗澡可以减轻炎症症状。故选D。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Most subjects were using cold-water bathing for their mental health. So, we involved 59 people with anxiety and depression into an eight-week sea-swimming course. Not only did we see an improvement in their symptoms during the course, but more than 80 per cent were still engaging in the activity and finding benefit from it three months later.(大多数受试者为了心理健康使用冷水洗澡。因此，我们让59名患有焦虑症和抑郁症的人参加了为期8周的海上游泳课程。在这个过程中，我们不仅看到他们的症状有所改善，而且超过80%的人仍然参与这项活动，并在三个月后从中受益)”可知，在第3段中冷水洗澡的好处通过进行实验来证明。故选B。 【10题详解】主旨大意题。根据第五段“The main issue is safe access. With sewage warnings for English and Welsh beaches this summer, water quality needs to be addressed urgently. Then, laws could be used to open up access and also free land owners from responsibility. After that, organizations like the National Trust might put in measures such as ladders and let people use their facilities.(主要问题是安全使用。随着今年夏天英格兰和威尔士海滩的污水警告，水质问题需要紧急解决。然后，法律可以用来开放准入，也可以让土地所有者免于责任。在那之后，像国民信托这样的组织可能会采取梯子等措施，让人们使用他们的设施)”可知，第五段主要讲了安全的解决方案。故选A。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Outdoor swimming helps reduce inflammation, the cause of many health issues. It should be a public health measure, says Mark Harper. A simple intervention that reduces inflammation could, therefore, be an effective public health measure.(户外游泳有助于减少引起许多健康问题的炎症。马克·哈珀说，这应该是一项公共卫生措施。因此，减少炎症的简单干预可能是一种有效的公共卫生措施)”可推知，这篇文章的目的是鼓励读者参与冷水浴。故选A。 C When I am surfing the Web, I want to be drawn by articles on Europe’s political history, but I end up reading menus from Alcatraz prison. Why does that happen Curiosity seems beyond your control, and trying to direct it sounds like forcing yourself to find a joke funny. But if you know what boosts curiosity, you may be able to understand it a little better. During the evolution, curious animals were more likely to survive because they learned about their environments. Humans, too, will give up a known payoff to investigate the unknown. Scientists did some experiments. In the first experiment, subjects were asked to choose one of four photos, each carrying some chance of a cash prize. Photos repeated, so subjects learned to pick the best. But when a new photo appeared, they chose it more often than the familiar ones. This preference for new one is, of course, the reason why producers regularly change product packaging. Also, curiosity improves learning. In the second experiment, subjects read simple questions and rated how curious each made them feel. Later, they saw the question again, each followed by a photo of a face, and judged whether that person looked as if he or she would know the answer. In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better remembered those appearing after the questions that make them curious. This function of curiosity—to heighten memory—is the key to understanding why we’re curious about some things instead of others. We feel most curious when exploration produces the most learning. Suppose I ask you, “what’s the most common type of star in the Milky Way ” You’ll obviously feel uninterested if you already know the answer. But you’ll also feel little curious if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn’t connect it to other knowledge, so it would seem nearly meaningless. We’re maximally curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right part to complement what we already know. 9. Why does the author mention his own experience in Paragraph 1 A. To present a fact. B. To introduce a topic. C. To make a prediction. D. To explain a concept. 10. Why do producers change the packaging of the products frequently A. To attract customers’ interest. B. To follow the latest trend. C. To represent companies’ creativity. D. To show the new products. 11. What can we learn from the experiments in Paragraphs 3 and 4 A. The questions in the second experiment were interesting. B. In both experiments, subjects preferred to choose the new objects. C. In the second experiment, curiosity contributed to the subjects’ better memory. D. The new photos in the first experiment had higher possibilities of a cash prize. 12. What can be inferred from the last paragraph A. Satisfying curiosity makes us feel pleased. B. A well-known topic makes us most curious. C. People are most curious about totally unfamiliar topic. D. People will be most curious when the unknown hugs the known. 【答案】9. B 10. A 11. C 12. D 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了激发好奇心的因素以及相关的研究。 【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“When I am surfing the Web, I want to be drawn by articles on Europe’s political history, but I end up reading menus from Alcatraz prison. Why does that happen (当我在网上冲浪时，我想被关于欧洲政治史的文章吸引，但我最终读到了恶魔岛监狱的菜单。为什么会这样？)”可推知，作者在第一段提到他自己的经历是为了引入文章话题——什么激发了好奇心。故选B。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“But when a new photo appeared, they chose it more often than the familiar ones. This preference for new one is, of course, the reason why producers regularly change product packaging.(但当一张新照片出现时，他们选择它的频率要高于熟悉的照片。当然，这种对新包装的偏好也是生产商经常更换产品包装的原因)”可知，生产商经常更换产品的包装是为了吸引顾客的兴趣。故选A。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“In a surprise final memory test for the faces, subjects better remembered those appearing after the questions that make them curious. (在对这些面孔进行的出人意料的最后记忆测试中，受试者更好地记住了那些让他们好奇的问题后出现的面孔)”可知，从第二个实验，我们可以了解到好奇心有助于受试者更好的记忆力。故选C。 【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But you’ll also feel little curious if you know nothing about stars; if you learned the answer, you couldn’t connect it to other knowledge, so it would seem nearly meaningless. We’re maximally curious when we sense that the environment offers new information in the right part to complement what we already know.(但如果你对恒星一无所知，你也会感到好奇；如果你知道了答案，你无法将它与其他知识联系起来，所以它看起来几乎毫无意义。当我们感觉到环境提供了正确的新信息来补充我们已经知道的信息时，我们会极大地好奇)”可推知，当未知拥抱已知时，人们最好奇。故选D。 二、写作 1. 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Mike对中国传统艺术很感兴趣，你想邀请他和你一起去参观你们当地的一个剪纸艺术展览。请你给他发一封邮件，告知具体事项，内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 剪纸艺术展览的目的和意义等。 注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Mike, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 答案： Dear Mike. Knowing that you are interested in Chinese traditional art, I am writing to invite you to pay a visit together with me to the local paper-cutting exhibition. As scheduled, the exhibition starts at 9: 00 am, which lasts two hours on the morning of November 5th 2023, to be held in the City Museum. This attractive activity is held every year and it has a history of about sixty years. As you know, so famous is our paper-cutting that our city is called “the hometown of Chinese paper cutting”. Featuring the charm of our folk art and talent of our people, it attracts viewers all over the world who all speak highly of the fantastic works. Paper-cutting not only cultivates ability of aesthetic appreciation, but also enhances the understanding of traditional Chinese culture. It would be highly appreciated if you could accept the invitation and I bet you will harvest a lot from the exhibition. Long for your coming. Yours. Li Hua 2. 读后续写 请阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Every year, the whales stopped in our cove during their six-thousand-mile trip south from the Bering Sea. They swam right into the cove next to our town and stayed there for days. You could see them splashing their tails and looking at everyone on the beach. People came from far away to see those huge and amazing creatures. The whales seemed to like the attention. They would dive and spout water almost as if they were performing for us. I couldn’t imagine feeling so comfortable with all those people watching me. Just the idea of performing made me freeze up like a block of ice. I loved spending time at the cove when no one else was around. I felt too shy to sing in front of people, but the whales were a great audience! They swam and jumped in the cove while I sang. They seemed to like my songs, and I knew they would never let out my secret. I hadn’t told my family or friends about my songs. I wasn’t ready to share my music yet. While I was walking along the rocks one day, I spotted an unusual shape in the water next to the beach. It was a whale! The whale wasn’t moving at all, and much of it was out of the water. I realized that it must have swum too close to the shore and gotten stuck. I knew I wasn’t big enough to push the whale out to deeper water. Still, I had to do something, so I turned and ran back down the beach for help. I spotted my sister Rosa coming toward me. “Rosa!” I shouted loudly. “Quick, go home and get help—a whale is stuck!” Rosa hesitated for a second, then turned and ran toward home. I went back to keep watch. Soon, my mom and dad came rushing and I showed them where the whale was. “We need to get this whale back in the sea!” Dad said. “Tomas, you and Rosa keep the whale wet while we run and get help.” Rosa and I waded(涉水)into the water next to the whale and began to water it. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.开头已给出，不计入词数。 Paragraph 1: Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet, the whale was trembling with fear. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Paragraph 2: I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later, the entire town came. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Even though Rosa and I were keeping it wet, the whale was trembling with fear. Watching its shaking body, I was on the verge of tears. Then, an idea took shape in my head. “I’ll sing to it!” I said to Rosa. “You sing ” Rosa asked, puzzled. Nodding my head, I tried to use my music to comfort the huge creature. “Sing louder, the whale is relaxing!” Rosa exclaimed. So I sang louder. The whale did seem more relaxed. It wasn’t trembling as much anymore. I continued singing to keep the whale calm and a while later, the entire town came. They immediately joined us in watering the whale, though they seemed to be astonished at my singing aloud. At last, the tide reached its highest point and our whale struggled out into the sea with everyone’s push. Breathing a sigh of relief, everyone began to clap and cheer, not only for the whale’s safety but also for my music. I had thought it would be rather embarrassing to share my song, but now it made me feel good and great. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者发现了一条搁浅的鲸鱼，找来了家人想要帮助鲸鱼回到海里。作者看到鲸鱼很害怕，于是通过唱歌来安抚鲸鱼，最终鲸在大家的推动下挣扎着游到海里去了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“尽管罗莎和我一直把它弄湿，鲸鱼还是害怕得发抖。”可知，第一段可描写作者对鲸鱼唱歌来安抚鲸鱼。 ②由第二段首句内容“我继续唱歌让鲸鱼冷静下来，过了一会儿，整个小镇的人都来了”可知，第二段可描写大家帮助鲸鱼回到海里的经过。 2.续写线索：害怕发抖——唱歌安抚——放松——更多人来帮助——回到海里——作者感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①安抚：comfort /relieve ②尝试：try/attempt ③努力：struggle /strive 情绪类 ①困惑的：puzzled /confused ②惊讶的：astonished /surprised 【点睛】[高分句型1] Watching its shaking body, I was on the verge of tears. (运用了现在分词作状语) [高分句型2] They immediately joined us in watering the whale, though they seemed to be astonished at my singing aloud. (运用了though引导让步状语从句)
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