Unit 2 Sports Culture Welcome to the unit & Reading导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册
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| 名称 | Unit 2 Sports Culture Welcome to the unit & Reading导学案（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津译林版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-06 11:17:16 | ||
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年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U2-1 Welcome - Reading
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：solidarity n. 团结，齐心协力，团结一致，休戚相关 solidify vt.团结；凝固 solid adj.固体的；结实的；团结的 solidity n.体积；坚固；牢靠 social solidarity 社会团结 express/show solidarity with sb. 表示/ 表明支持某人 solidarity with sb 与某人团结一致 Supporters want to march tomorrow to show solidarity with their leaders. 知识点2：BCE( before common era/before the Christian Era ) 公元前 Naturally, they supported the Maccabees during the uprising of 165 BCE. 知识点3：participate vi. 参加，参与 participation n. 参加，参与 participant n. 参与者，参加者 participate in... 参加……（= take part in...） without the participation of sb. 没有某人的参与 be an unwilling participant in... 不情愿地参加…… Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. You are expected to be an active participant. The term industrial democracy' is often used as a synonym for worker participation. 知识点4：compete vi. 参加比赛，竞争，比赛，角逐，对抗 competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛 competitive adj. 竞争性的；有竞争力的；一心求胜的 competitor n. 竞争者，对手；参赛者；竞赛者 （1）compete in... 参加…… compete for... 为……竞争，争夺…… compete against/with sb. 与某人竞争 （2）in competition with sb. 与某人竞争 a music/photo competition 音乐/ 摄影比赛 hold/enter/win/lose a competition 举行/ 参加/ 赢得/ 输掉比赛 （3）competitive games/sports 竞技性的比赛/ 体育运动 at competitive prices 价格上有竞争力 our main/major competitor 我们的主要竞争对手 知识点5：racial adj. 种族的，人种的，民族的，种族间的 race n. 种族；人种；民族；种，类 （1）racial equality 种族平等 racial minorities 少数民族 racial discrimination 种族歧视 racial prejudice 种族偏见 a person’s racial origin 某人的种族背景 （2）people of mixed race 混合种族的人 a race of cattle 一种牛 human race 人类 This hatred was generated by racial prejudice. 知识点6：diverse adj. 各种各样的，五花八门的，不同的，相异的 diversity n. 多样性，多元化，差异性，不同 a diversity of ... 各种各样的…... people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 a great diversity of opinion 意见纷纭 the biological diversity of the rainforests 热带雨林的生物多样性 Her interests are very diverse. 知识点7：joint n. 关节，结合处，接头，接缝 adj. 共同的，联合的，合资的 jointly adv. 联合地，共同地 a joint account 联合账户 a joint project 合作项目 joint first/second 并列第一/ 第二 ankle/knee joints 踝关节/ 膝关节 the joint between the inner and outer panels 内外嵌板的连接处 知识点8：motivate vt. 激发，激励，驱使，成为......的动机，给与动机 motivated adj. 积极的，主动的；有动机的，有目的的 motivation n. 动力，积极性，成功的决心，动机，激励 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by 以……为动机 a very/highly motivated student 学习积极性很高的学生 a racially motivated attack 种族问题引发的攻击 He is just sitting there doing nothing. He needs to be motivated. 知识点9：demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 demonstration n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威 （1）be demonstrated to be false 被证明是错误的 demonstrate to sb. 向某人证明/ 演示 demonstrate against/for... 示威反对/ 要求…… （2）hold a demonstration 举行示威游行 知识点10：proceed vi. 接着做，继而做，(尤指停止后)继续行进，前进，进行，从事，起诉 proceed to do sth 继续做某事；接着做某事 proceed with sth 继续进行某事 proceed against sb 起诉某人 proceed with caution 行事谨慎 After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan. He also gave me sound advice on how to proceed with my inquiries. 知识点11：flame n. 火焰，火舌，烈焰，情人 vi. 燃烧，发出火光，(人)激动 vt. 用火烧，用火照亮 Her face flamed with excitement. 知识点12：applaud vt. & vi. 赞同，认可，称赞，赞扬，鼓掌 applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩 （1）applaud one’s decision 称赞某人的决定 applaud sb. for（doing）sth. 因（做）某事赞赏某人 applaud the speaker 向演讲者鼓掌 （2）have a round of applause 获得一阵掌声 respond with applause 报以掌声 He started to applaud and the others joined in. 知识点13：consistent adj. 前后一致的，始终如一的，连续的，稳定的，平稳的 consistently adv. 始终如一地，一贯地 be consistent in 在……方面一致 be consistent with 与……一致，与……相吻合 a consistent approach to the problem 解决问题的一贯方法 consistent growth in the economy 经济的持续增长 Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. Our aim is to ensure a consistent growth. 知识点14：call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事，请求某人做某事 The teacher calls on the students to pay attention to after-school activities. 知识点15：rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔，军阶 top-ranked players 一流的选手 be ranked second/rank second 排名第二，位居第二 rank high in the class 在班里名列前茅 a painter of the first rank 一流的画家 officers of junior/senior rank 低级/ 高级军阶的军官 知识点16：trend n. 趋势，趋向，动向，走向，时髦，时尚 economic/social/political trends 经济/ 社会/ 政治趋势 current trends in language teaching 当前语言教学的趋势 a downward/an upward trend in sales 销售额下滑/ 上升的趋势 follow the latest world trend 追随最新的世界潮流 The event changed the trend of public opinion. The mountains have a western trend. 知识点17：hurdle n. 栏架，障碍，难关，押犯人赴刑场的囚笼 vt. 越过，跳过 vi. 跨过栏架，越过障碍 (hurdles 跨栏赛) If you have a job already, congratulations, you've made it over the first hurdle. 知识点18：election n. 选举，推选；当选 elect v. 选举，推选； 选择，决定 （1）win/lose an election 在选举中获胜/ 失败 （2）an elected leader/representative 选出的领导人/ 代表 the newly elected government 新选的政府 elect sb.（as）... 选某人当…… elect sb. to... 选某人入…… elect to do sth. 选择/ 决定做某事 知识点19：advent n. 到来，出现，来临，光临，问世 With the advent of spring, everything comes to life again. 知识点20：faith n. 信心，信任，宗教信仰 have faith in sb 信任某人 I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings. 知识点21：ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿，野心，雄心，壮举，梦想，理想，志向，抱负 ambitious adj. 有抱负的，野心勃勃的 the ambition to do sth./ambition of doing sth. 做某事的夙愿/ 抱负 achieve/realize one’s ambition 实现某人的夙愿/ 抱负 political/literary ambitions 政治抱负/ 文学夙愿 be motivated by personal ambition 为个人野心所驱使 an ambitious manager 雄心勃勃的经理 He is full of ambition. 知识点22：ascend vi. & vt. 攀登，登上，登高，上升，升高 ascend to... 升迁到…...，升职为…...，提升到…...，改进到…...，升华为…... It is easier to descend than to ascend. A small party is planning to ascend Mount Everest. 知识点23：identical adj. 完全同样的；同一的 identically adv. 完全一样地 a row of identical houses 完全一样的一排房子 be identical to/with 与……完全相同 知识点24：fellow adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的 n. 同辈，同类， 同事；男人，家伙 fellow students/travellers/workers 同学/ 旅伴/ 同事 my fellow passengers on the train 和我同火车的旅伴 school fellows 校友 知识点25：relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播 a 550-metre relay race 550 米接力赛 the Olympic torch relay 奥运会火炬传递 in relays 轮流，轮班 relay...to... 把……转发给…… 【精题精练精讲】 一、用单词的适当形式填空 1. There is a need for greater _________ (diverse) and choice in education. 2. There is now intense _________ (compete) between schools to attract students. 3. They greeted the professor with thunderous _________ (applaud). 4. How many candidates are standing for _________ (elect) 5. Everything he writes _________ (demonstrate) the depth of his sensibility. 6. We encourage students to participate fully _________ the running of the college. 7. The plan is designed to motivate employees _________ (work) more efficiently. 8. He was studying hard _________ the hope of being admitted to an engineering college. 9. Television companies are racing to be the first _________ (screen) his life story. 10. Last Sunday, my classmates and I came to the nearby library to read books, but only to be told that it _________ (decorate). 【答案】1. diversity 2. competition 3. applause 4. election 5.demonstrates 6.in 7. to work 8. in 9. to screen 10. was being decorated 二、单句语法填空 1. She _________ (gradual)fought her way to the top of the company. 2. She accepted the criticism _________ quiet dignity. 3. There's a limit _________ how much I'm prepared to spend. 4. He had a small mouth and round pink _________ (cheek). 5. Although he's only _________ amateur, he’s a first - class master. 6. It never rains but it _________ (pour). 7. I _________ (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 8. When I got to his house, I found that the walls _________ (paint). 9. An incredible tree - house restaurant _________ (complete) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. 10. Trees _________ (plant) by them at this time yesterday. 【答案】1.gradually 2. with 3.to 4. cheeks 5.an 6.pours 7.had hoped 8. were being painted 9. had been completed 10.were being planted 三、单词拼写 1. The tasks have been r________ in order of difficulty. 2. In America, presidential e________ are held every four years. 3. She outlined her plans and then p________ to explain them in more detail. 4. I have no a________ other than to have a happy life and be free. 5. It is generally accepted that people are m________ by success. 6. The stores will inevitably end up ________ (竞争) with each other in their push for increased market shares. 7. The results are entirely ________(一致的) with our earlier research. 8. The staff were outside to welcome him, waving flags and ________ (鼓掌). 9. Once you are familiar with this sort of relaxation, you will feel quite refreshed ________ (以后). 10. A study ________ (证明) a direct link between obesity and mortality. 【答案】ranked 2.election 3.proceeded 4.ambition 5.motivated 6.competing 7.consistent 8.applauding 9. afterwards 10. demonstrated 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. 1 Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine. But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. 2 To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking. Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. 3 The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. 4 Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. 5 Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success. A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help. B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly. D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. G 4. D 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。 【16题详解】上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。 【18题详解】上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。 【19题详解】下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。 【20题详解】上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。 二、完形填空 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one o’clock in the morning after a tiring practice at the 1 . With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my 2 . I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about 3 both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began 4 , both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible 5 . Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking 6 people under blankets. About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half 7 to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. 8 , the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my 9 falling to the sidewalk. Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to 10 I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho ” I thought I was 11 . How could this man know my name The door opened, and out 12 a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for ” he asked, 13 up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 A.M. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some 14 of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were 15 to help each other. 1. A. theatre B. stadium C. bank D. school 2. A. accounts B. numbers C. songs D. lines 3. A. taking up B. giving up C. starting up D. mixing up 4. A. walking B. crying C. running D. shaking 5. A. actors B. drivers C. beggars D. robbers 6. A. careless B. homeless C. sleepless D. aimless 7. A. expecting B. hoping C. preparing D. calculating 8. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Still 9. A. cellphone B. wallet C. book D. passport 10. A. when B. which C. where D. what 11. A. sleeping B. playing C. dreaming D. imagining 12. A. ran B. jumped C. climbed D. fell 13. A. throwing B. tearing C. putting D. holding 14. A. enjoyment B. sorrow C. reflection D. imagination 15. A. curious B. anxious C. willing D. determined 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对工作和城市生活感到疲惫，想要放弃，一天，她凌晨一点步行回家，由于恐惧，不小心丢了钱包，当她回去寻找时，一个好心人把钱包还给她，这让她感受到善意，重新对城市生活燃起希望。 【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我就在那里，在剧院进行了一次疲惫的练习后，凌晨一点步行回家。A. theatre剧院；B. stadium体育场；C. bank银行；D. school学校。根据下文“As I walked, I thought seriously about _____ both acting and San Francisco.”中的“acting”可知，我是从事表演工作的，由此可知，我在剧院进行了练习。故选A。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：离首夜演出只有一周的时间了，我还在学习台词。A. accounts账户；B. numbers数字；C. songs歌曲；D. lines台词。根据句中“opening night”和下文“As I walked, I thought seriously about _____ both acting and San Francisco.”中的“acting”可知，我是从事表演工作的，要在首夜演出中表演，由此可知，我在学习台词。故选D。 【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我走着的时候，我认真地想过放弃演戏和旧金山。A. taking up占用；B. giving up放弃；C. starting up开办；D. mixing up混淆。根据下文“City life had become too much for me.”可知，城市生活对我来说太难了，由此可知，我想放弃演戏和旧金山的生活。故选B。 【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始奔跑，既是为了保暖，也是为了远离任何可能的抢劫犯。A. walking走；B. crying哭；C. running跑；D. shaking抖动。根据下文“I started to run faster”中的“run”可知，上文指我在奔跑。故选C。 【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始奔跑，既是为了保暖，也是为了远离任何可能的抢劫犯。A. actors演员；B. drivers司机；C. beggars乞丐；D. robbers抢劫犯。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，夜深了，我担心遇到抢劫犯，所以奔跑。故选D。 【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了几个裹着毯子、神情悲伤的无家可归者外，很少有人还在外面。A. careless粗心大意的；B. homeless无家可归的；C. sleepless睡不着的；D. aimless漫无目的的。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，这个时间还在外面的大多数是无家可归的人。故选B。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快转过身来，还以为会看到有人拿着刀或枪。A. expecting期待，预料；B. hoping希望；C. preparing准备；D. calculating计算。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，听到响声，我以为遇到了拿着刀或枪的抢劫犯，“half expect…”表示“还以为……”。故选A。 【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，噪音还是让我很紧张，所以我开始跑得更快。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead反而；C. Moreover此外；D. Still尽管如此。根据上文“The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight.”和下文“the noise had made me nervous”可知，我在街上没有看到抢劫犯，尽管如此，噪音还是让我很紧张，“Still”意为“尽管如此”，符合语境。故选D。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的钱包掉在人行道上了。A. cellphone手机；B. wallet钱包；C. book书；D. passport护照。根据下文“my wallet was nowhere to be found”中的“wallet”可知，我找不到我的钱包，由此可知，我的钱包掉在人行道上了。故选B。 【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我跑出门，回到我听到噪音的地方。A. when何时；B. which哪一个；C. where……的地方；D. what什么。根据下文“my wallet was nowhere to be found”可知，我回去找我的钱包了，由此可知，我回到我听到噪音的地方，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故应用“where”引导从句。故选C。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我在做梦。A. sleeping睡觉；B. playing玩耍；C. dreaming做梦；D. imagining想象。根据下文“How could this man know my name ”可知，我不知道这个人怎么会知道我的名字，由此可知，我以为我在做梦，梦中听到有人叫我的名字。故选C。 【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门开了，一个红头发的小个子男人跳了出来，眼睛里带着一种有趣的表情。A. ran跑；B. jumped跳；C. climbed爬；D. fell落下。根据上文“garbage truck”可知，男人是开垃圾车的，由此可知，他从垃圾车上跳了出来。故选B。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是你要找的吗？”他举起一个小正方形问道。A. throwing扔；B. tearing撕碎；C. putting放；D. holding拿着。根据句中“Is this what you’re looking for ”可知，男人捡到了我的钱包，由此可知，他举起我的钱包问我是否在寻找它，“hold up”意为“举起”。故选D。 【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也重新获得了一些城市生活的乐趣。A. enjoyment乐趣；B. sorrow悲伤；C. reflection反射；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“I had gotten my wallet back”可知，我找回了钱包，由此可知，我重新获得了一些城市生活的乐趣，城市中还是有善良的人。故选A。 【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，只要人们愿意互相帮助，这个城市就不会是一个糟糕的地方。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. willing愿意的；D. determined有决心的。根据上文“I had gotten my wallet back”和文章内容可知，我找回了钱包，意识到城市中还是有善良的人，这让我重新获得了城市生活的乐趣，由此可知，我意识到，只要人们愿意互相帮助，城市生活并不糟糕。故选C。 三、语法填空 A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as 1 (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 2 hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018. 3 (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has an 4 (forget) and adventurous night. It’s in this magical world 5 Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 6 (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible. While told with a wild imagination, the story 7 (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 8 (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation (谄媚), teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while 9 (remind) them that the source of true creativity is so often 10 (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety. 【答案】1 remarkably 2. which 3. Inspired 4. unforgettable 5. that 6. disappearing 7. conveys 8. celebrities 9. reminding 10. personal 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作《寻梦环游记》的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。 【36题详解】考查副词。句意：但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯的最新动画《寻梦环游记》那样引人注目，该动画于11月24日上映，并于2018年获得奥斯卡奖。空格处单词处于as…as结构中，一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词done，所以应用副词remarkably。故填remarkably。 【37题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯的最新动画《寻梦环游记》那样引人注目，该动画于11月24日上映，并于2018年获得奥斯卡奖。该空引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Coco，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【38题详解】考查过去分词。句意：受墨西哥亡灵节的启发，电影制作团队创造了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩，他希望家人理解他对音乐的热爱。主句谓语为created，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the film’s production team与inspire之间是被动关系，用过去分词 inspired作状语，首字母大写。故填Inspired。 【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：在那里，Miguel度过了一个难忘的冒险之夜。结合句意，用形容词unforgettable (难忘的)作定语，修饰名词night。故填unforgettable。 【40题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是在这个神奇的世界里，Miguel遇到并发现了他曾曾祖父的真相。这是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who(that)…”，这句话中强调的是地点状语，用that。故填that。 【41题详解】考查动名词。句意：为了保护他不消失，Miguel必须尽快把他的照片带回现实世界。protect…from…意为“保护……免遭……”，其中from为介词，其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语，disappear(消失)是动词，此处强调动作，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填disappearing。 【42题详解】考查时态。句意：这个故事充满想象力，传达了一个清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以一般现在时为主，所以谓语动词convey应使用一般现在时。the story是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填conveys。 【43题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。celebrity(名人)是可数名词，且其前没有冠词之类的限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。 【44题详解】考查省略句。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。此处是while引导时间状语从句省略句，从句主语Coco和从句谓语动词remind是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词remind用be doing形式，讲述现在的事情，现在进行时，原句为：while Coco is reminding them that…，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致（或者从句主语为it）且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用现在分词reminding。故填reminding。 【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。空格处位于 be动词后作表语， 应用形容词personal。故填personal。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A My 21-year-old niece, a second-year undergraduate, mentioned that she watches video lectures offline at twice the normal speed. Struck by this, I asked some other students I know. Many now routinely speed up their lectures when learning offline — often by 1.5 times, sometimes by even more. Speed learning is not for everyone, but there are websites where students discuss how odd it will be once they return to the lecture theatre. One contributor wrote: “Normal speed now sounds like drunk speed.” Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet. “This is a time for schools and systems to reimagine education without schooling or classrooms,” says Professor Yong Zhao. Dr Jim Watterston in Australia thinks that, while the traditional classroom is still alive and well, education needs to be more adventurous and flexible. Earlier this year, Zhao and Watterston co-authored a paper in which they identified some major changes that should happen in education post-lockdown. The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information. “For humans to progress in the age of smart machines, it is essential that they do not compete with machines.”, they wrote, “Instead, they need to be more human.” The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. It’s also where the concept of “productive failure” applies. Professor Manu Kapurin argues that students learn better from their own or others’ failed attempts to solve a problem before or even instead of being told how to solve it. If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.” 1. By giving examples of “speed learning” in the first paragraph, the author wants to show that _________. A. digital world is dramatically reforming the way of learning. B. speed learning completely replaces normal speed learning. C. returning to the lecture theatre is strange after speed learning. D. education begins to adapt to digital world after Covid-19. 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE A. It is essential for smart machines to be more human. B. Students should possess more information about creativity. C. Students value others’ failure over their own failure. D. “Active learning” calls for diverse ways of involvement. 3. According to Zhao and Watterston, the major changes in education should include _________. ①learning mode ②learning motive ③learning attitude ④learning focus A. ①④ B. ②③ C. ①③ D. ②④ 4. According to the passage, what does the author most probably agree with A. Speed learning harms students’ learning efficiency. B. The coming revolution in education is irreversible. C. Teachers will play a less important role in the future. D. The traditional classrooms will eventually disappear. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。疫情之后，教育也发生了一些变化。文章认为教育的内容应该有所转变，而学习的主动权则应该交给学生。 【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet.(早在2019冠状病毒病之前，教育在适应数字世界，但与许多其他人类活动一样，疫情也极大地推动了学习向虚拟发展。一夜之间，学校和大学都关闭了，老师和学生不得不想办法通过互联网来做他们只能做的事情)”可知，第一段的例子主要是为了引出主题，也就是数字世界正在改变学习方式。故选A。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. (二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，“主动学习”需要多种参与方式，故选D。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information.(首先是内容，内容应该强调创造力、批判性思维和领导力，而不是信息的收集和存储)”以及文章第四段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example.(二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，他们认为教育的改变主要应该是在内容和模式上。故选A。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”(如果时代的进步无法阻挡即将到来的教育改革，那么传统课堂似乎不太可能在试图让时光倒流的尝试中有任何运气。正如劳里拉德所言，“我们20年来一直在说的话，只有一场全球大流行才能让人明白。”)”可知，作者认为教育改革是不可逆转的。故选B。 B Some of the greatest moments in human history were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying (展性的) message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions. Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. If we can teach our children to manage emotions, the argument goes, we’ll have less bullying and more cooperation. If we can cultivate emotional intelligence among leaders and doctors, we’ll have more caring workplaces and more compassionate healthcare. Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating (把持) others. When you`re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests. Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was Jess likely to scrutinize (细察) the message and remembered of the content. Ironically (讽刺是) audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it. The authors call this the awestruck effect, but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect. One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “ear open his heart — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would stop thinking critically and just emote.” Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacities to reason. If their values are out of step with our own, the results can be destructive. New evidence suggests that when people have self-serving motives (动机), emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for manipulating others. In a study led by the University of Toronto psychologist Stephane Cote, university employees filled out a survey about their Machiavellian (不择手段的) tendencies, and took a test measuring their knowledge about effective strategies for managing emotions. Then, Cote’s team assessed how often the employees deliberately undermined (逐渐削弱) their colleagues. The employees involved in the most harmful behaviors were Machiavellians with high emotional intelligence. They used their emotional skills to lower the dignity of their peers for personal gain. Shining a light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal Professor Kiiduit’s team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.” Of course, people aren’t always using emotional intelligence for nefarious ends. More often than not, emotional skills are simply instrumental tools for goal accomplishment. A research team discovered that founder Anita Roddick used emotional intelligence to inspire her employees fundraise for charity. As Roddick explained, “Whenever we wanted to persuade our staff to support a particular project, we always tried to break their hearts.” There is growing recognition that emotional intelligence-like any skill-can be used for good or evil. So if we’re going to teach emotional intelligence in schools and develop it at work, we need to consider the values that go along with it and here it’s actually useful. 5. Why does the author mention Martin Luther King, Jr A. To honor the great leader for his courage. B. To recommend his speech to other leaders. C. To impress the readers with a major topic. D. To advocate a society with fewer problems. 6. Which of the following belongs to a dark side of emotional intelligence A. Developing the capability to control one’s own emotion. B. Inducing people to do what brings disadvantages to them. C. Appealing to the audience to concentrate and remember more. D. Encouraging the moved audience to a more of the speech. 7. What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitler’s emotional intelligence A. His followers would tear open their hearts to him. B. His followers would express emotions strategically. C. His followers would lose the ability to reason properly. D. His followers would develop the self-serving motives. 8. How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain A. They disguise their emotions to earn others’ trust. B. They help their colleagues to build up confidence. C. They present their strategic behaviors on the stage. D. They lower their own dignity to gain popularity. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影响。 【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some of the greatest moments in human history were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience.(人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的。当马丁·路德·金提出他的梦想时，他选择了能够触动听众心灵的语言)”及常识可推知，马丁·路德·金是一个非常著名的人物，作者提到他就是要给读者留下深刻印象的主要话题。 故选C。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating (把持) others. When you`re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests.(情商很重要，但不受控制的热情掩盖了它的阴暗面。新的证据表明，当人们提高自己的情感技能时，他们会变得更善于操纵他人。当你善于控制自己的情绪时，你可以隐藏你的真实感受。当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最大利益行事)”可知，诱导人们做对自己不利的事属于情商的阴暗面之一。故选B。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “ear open his heart — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would stop thinking critically and just emote.”(一位观察者反映，希特勒的说服力来自于他有策略地表达情绪的能力——他会“敞开心扉倾听——这些情绪会影响他的追随者，以至于他们会停止批判性思考，而只是动情。”)”可知，希特勒的情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力。故选C。 【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段中的“According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal Professor Kiiduit’s team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”(根据这些专家的说法，情商可以帮助人们掩饰一种情绪，同时表达另一种个人情绪。Kiiduit教授的团队写道：“战略性地掩饰自己的情绪，并为达到战略目的而操纵他人的情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎士比亚的舞台上，也出现在权力和影响力交易的办公室和走廊里。”)”可知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益。故选A。 二、写作 你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动目的； 3. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右。 2. 参考词汇：手工艺品artifact。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. In order to enrich students’ school life and make us know more about our cultural relics, our school holds the activity. The activity consists of two parts. At the beginning, the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony, making a short introduction to cultural relics. After that, some cultural relics such as artifacts, paintings and so on will be displayed, from which we can have a better understanding of our history. Hopefully, you can enjoy yourselves! Another version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to our "Bringing Cultural Relics to Life" event. As president of the Student Union, I'm honored to have the opportunity to open this wonderful occasion. The purpose of this event is to encourage everyone to explore the history and culture behind the artifacts and appreciate their beauty. There will be an exhibition featuring various cultural artifacts brought by students which have been passed down through their families. Also, we will be holding a work shop where students are encouraged to create their own cultural artifacts that look like cultural relics in ancient times. Thank you for your attendance, and I wish you all a meaningful and enjoyable experience 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就你校准备组织的“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括：表示欢迎；活动目的；活动内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→participate in 首先：At the beginning→To begin with 发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a speech 展示：display→show 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. 拓展句：Welcome to take part in the activity which is called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. 【点睛】[高分句型1] At the beginning, the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony, making a short introduction to cultural relics. (运用了非谓语作状语) [高分句型2] After that, some cultural relics such as artifacts, paintings and so on will be displayed, from which we can have a better understanding of our history. (运用了介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句)
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：solidarity n. 团结，齐心协力，团结一致，休戚相关 solidify vt.团结；凝固 solid adj.固体的；结实的；团结的 solidity n.体积；坚固；牢靠 social solidarity 社会团结 express/show solidarity with sb. 表示/ 表明支持某人 solidarity with sb 与某人团结一致 Supporters want to march tomorrow to show solidarity with their leaders. 知识点2：BCE( before common era/before the Christian Era ) 公元前 Naturally, they supported the Maccabees during the uprising of 165 BCE. 知识点3：participate vi. 参加，参与 participation n. 参加，参与 participant n. 参与者，参加者 participate in... 参加……（= take part in...） without the participation of sb. 没有某人的参与 be an unwilling participant in... 不情愿地参加…… Everyone in the class is expected to participate in the discussion. You are expected to be an active participant. The term industrial democracy' is often used as a synonym for worker participation. 知识点4：compete vi. 参加比赛，竞争，比赛，角逐，对抗 competition n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛 competitive adj. 竞争性的；有竞争力的；一心求胜的 competitor n. 竞争者，对手；参赛者；竞赛者 （1）compete in... 参加…… compete for... 为……竞争，争夺…… compete against/with sb. 与某人竞争 （2）in competition with sb. 与某人竞争 a music/photo competition 音乐/ 摄影比赛 hold/enter/win/lose a competition 举行/ 参加/ 赢得/ 输掉比赛 （3）competitive games/sports 竞技性的比赛/ 体育运动 at competitive prices 价格上有竞争力 our main/major competitor 我们的主要竞争对手 知识点5：racial adj. 种族的，人种的，民族的，种族间的 race n. 种族；人种；民族；种，类 （1）racial equality 种族平等 racial minorities 少数民族 racial discrimination 种族歧视 racial prejudice 种族偏见 a person’s racial origin 某人的种族背景 （2）people of mixed race 混合种族的人 a race of cattle 一种牛 human race 人类 This hatred was generated by racial prejudice. 知识点6：diverse adj. 各种各样的，五花八门的，不同的，相异的 diversity n. 多样性，多元化，差异性，不同 a diversity of ... 各种各样的…... people from diverse cultures 不同文化背景的人 a great diversity of opinion 意见纷纭 the biological diversity of the rainforests 热带雨林的生物多样性 Her interests are very diverse. 知识点7：joint n. 关节，结合处，接头，接缝 adj. 共同的，联合的，合资的 jointly adv. 联合地，共同地 a joint account 联合账户 a joint project 合作项目 joint first/second 并列第一/ 第二 ankle/knee joints 踝关节/ 膝关节 the joint between the inner and outer panels 内外嵌板的连接处 知识点8：motivate vt. 激发，激励，驱使，成为......的动机，给与动机 motivated adj. 积极的，主动的；有动机的，有目的的 motivation n. 动力，积极性，成功的决心，动机，激励 motivate sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 be motivated by 以……为动机 a very/highly motivated student 学习积极性很高的学生 a racially motivated attack 种族问题引发的攻击 He is just sitting there doing nothing. He needs to be motivated. 知识点9：demonstrate vt. 表现，表露；证实，证明；示范，演示 vi. 游行示威 demonstration n. 表现，表达；证实，证明；示范，演示；游行示威 （1）be demonstrated to be false 被证明是错误的 demonstrate to sb. 向某人证明/ 演示 demonstrate against/for... 示威反对/ 要求…… （2）hold a demonstration 举行示威游行 知识点10：proceed vi. 接着做，继而做，(尤指停止后)继续行进，前进，进行，从事，起诉 proceed to do sth 继续做某事；接着做某事 proceed with sth 继续进行某事 proceed against sb 起诉某人 proceed with caution 行事谨慎 After everyone was seated the chairman proceeded to announce his plan. He also gave me sound advice on how to proceed with my inquiries. 知识点11：flame n. 火焰，火舌，烈焰，情人 vi. 燃烧，发出火光，(人)激动 vt. 用火烧，用火照亮 Her face flamed with excitement. 知识点12：applaud vt. & vi. 赞同，认可，称赞，赞扬，鼓掌 applause n. 鼓掌，喝彩 （1）applaud one’s decision 称赞某人的决定 applaud sb. for（doing）sth. 因（做）某事赞赏某人 applaud the speaker 向演讲者鼓掌 （2）have a round of applause 获得一阵掌声 respond with applause 报以掌声 He started to applaud and the others joined in. 知识点13：consistent adj. 前后一致的，始终如一的，连续的，稳定的，平稳的 consistently adv. 始终如一地，一贯地 be consistent in 在……方面一致 be consistent with 与……一致，与……相吻合 a consistent approach to the problem 解决问题的一贯方法 consistent growth in the economy 经济的持续增长 Your conduct is not consistent with what you say. Our aim is to ensure a consistent growth. 知识点14：call on sb to do sth 正式邀请某人做某事，请求某人做某事 The teacher calls on the students to pay attention to after-school activities. 知识点15：rank vi. & vt. 属于某等级，把……分等级；排列，使排成行n. 地位，级别；排，列；等级；军衔，军阶 top-ranked players 一流的选手 be ranked second/rank second 排名第二，位居第二 rank high in the class 在班里名列前茅 a painter of the first rank 一流的画家 officers of junior/senior rank 低级/ 高级军阶的军官 知识点16：trend n. 趋势，趋向，动向，走向，时髦，时尚 economic/social/political trends 经济/ 社会/ 政治趋势 current trends in language teaching 当前语言教学的趋势 a downward/an upward trend in sales 销售额下滑/ 上升的趋势 follow the latest world trend 追随最新的世界潮流 The event changed the trend of public opinion. The mountains have a western trend. 知识点17：hurdle n. 栏架，障碍，难关，押犯人赴刑场的囚笼 vt. 越过，跳过 vi. 跨过栏架，越过障碍 (hurdles 跨栏赛) If you have a job already, congratulations, you've made it over the first hurdle. 知识点18：election n. 选举，推选；当选 elect v. 选举，推选； 选择，决定 （1）win/lose an election 在选举中获胜/ 失败 （2）an elected leader/representative 选出的领导人/ 代表 the newly elected government 新选的政府 elect sb.（as）... 选某人当…… elect sb. to... 选某人入…… elect to do sth. 选择/ 决定做某事 知识点19：advent n. 到来，出现，来临，光临，问世 With the advent of spring, everything comes to life again. 知识点20：faith n. 信心，信任，宗教信仰 have faith in sb 信任某人 I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings. 知识点21：ambition n. 追求的目标，夙愿，野心，雄心，壮举，梦想，理想，志向，抱负 ambitious adj. 有抱负的，野心勃勃的 the ambition to do sth./ambition of doing sth. 做某事的夙愿/ 抱负 achieve/realize one’s ambition 实现某人的夙愿/ 抱负 political/literary ambitions 政治抱负/ 文学夙愿 be motivated by personal ambition 为个人野心所驱使 an ambitious manager 雄心勃勃的经理 He is full of ambition. 知识点22：ascend vi. & vt. 攀登，登上，登高，上升，升高 ascend to... 升迁到…...，升职为…...，提升到…...，改进到…...，升华为…... It is easier to descend than to ascend. A small party is planning to ascend Mount Everest. 知识点23：identical adj. 完全同样的；同一的 identically adv. 完全一样地 a row of identical houses 完全一样的一排房子 be identical to/with 与……完全相同 知识点24：fellow adj. 同伴的，同情况的，同类的 n. 同辈，同类， 同事；男人，家伙 fellow students/travellers/workers 同学/ 旅伴/ 同事 my fellow passengers on the train 和我同火车的旅伴 school fellows 校友 知识点25：relay n. 接力赛vt. 转发（信息、消息等）；播放，转播 a 550-metre relay race 550 米接力赛 the Olympic torch relay 奥运会火炬传递 in relays 轮流，轮班 relay...to... 把……转发给…… 【精题精练精讲】 一、用单词的适当形式填空 1. There is a need for greater _________ (diverse) and choice in education. 2. There is now intense _________ (compete) between schools to attract students. 3. They greeted the professor with thunderous _________ (applaud). 4. How many candidates are standing for _________ (elect) 5. Everything he writes _________ (demonstrate) the depth of his sensibility. 6. We encourage students to participate fully _________ the running of the college. 7. The plan is designed to motivate employees _________ (work) more efficiently. 8. He was studying hard _________ the hope of being admitted to an engineering college. 9. Television companies are racing to be the first _________ (screen) his life story. 10. Last Sunday, my classmates and I came to the nearby library to read books, but only to be told that it _________ (decorate). 【答案】1. diversity 2. competition 3. applause 4. election 5.demonstrates 6.in 7. to work 8. in 9. to screen 10. was being decorated 二、单句语法填空 1. She _________ (gradual)fought her way to the top of the company. 2. She accepted the criticism _________ quiet dignity. 3. There's a limit _________ how much I'm prepared to spend. 4. He had a small mouth and round pink _________ (cheek). 5. Although he's only _________ amateur, he’s a first - class master. 6. It never rains but it _________ (pour). 7. I _________ (hope)to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 8. When I got to his house, I found that the walls _________ (paint). 9. An incredible tree - house restaurant _________ (complete) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. 10. Trees _________ (plant) by them at this time yesterday. 【答案】1.gradually 2. with 3.to 4. cheeks 5.an 6.pours 7.had hoped 8. were being painted 9. had been completed 10.were being planted 三、单词拼写 1. The tasks have been r________ in order of difficulty. 2. In America, presidential e________ are held every four years. 3. She outlined her plans and then p________ to explain them in more detail. 4. I have no a________ other than to have a happy life and be free. 5. It is generally accepted that people are m________ by success. 6. The stores will inevitably end up ________ (竞争) with each other in their push for increased market shares. 7. The results are entirely ________(一致的) with our earlier research. 8. The staff were outside to welcome him, waving flags and ________ (鼓掌). 9. Once you are familiar with this sort of relaxation, you will feel quite refreshed ________ (以后). 10. A study ________ (证明) a direct link between obesity and mortality. 【答案】ranked 2.election 3.proceeded 4.ambition 5.motivated 6.competing 7.consistent 8.applauding 9. afterwards 10. demonstrated 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. 1 Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. New research suggests young children don’t seek help in school, even when they need it, for the same reason. Until recently, psychologists assumed that children did not start to care about their reputation and their friends’ thoughts about them until around age nine. But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. 2 To learn more about how children think about reputation, we created simple stories and then asked children questions about these situations to allow kids to showcase their thinking. Across several studies, we asked 576 children, ages four to nine, to predict the behavior of two kids in a story. One of the characters genuinely wanted to be smart, and the other merely wanted to seem smart to others. In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. 3 The four-year-olds were equally likely to choose either of the two kids as the one who would seek help. But by age seven or eight, children thought that the kid who wanted to seem smart would be less likely to ask for assistance. And children’s expectations were truly “reputational” in nature-they were specifically thinking about how the characters would act in front of others. When assistance could be sought privately (on a computer rather than in person), children thought both characters were equally likely to ask for it. 4 Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. 5 Parents could point out how a child’s question kicked off a valuable conversation in which the entire family got to talk and learn together. Adults could praise kids for seeking assistance. These responses send a strong signal that other people value a willingness to ask for aid and that seeking help is part of a path to success. A. Kids could be afraid to ask their parents for help. B. Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. C. In another study we told them that only one kid did poorly. D. Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. E. The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. F. But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. G. We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. 【答案】1. E 2. F 3. G 4. D 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。给读者提供建议，如何解决孩子因为害怕在他人面前呈现自己的无能而不愿提问寻求帮助这一问题。 【16题详解】上文“Adults are often embarrassed about asking for aid. It’s an act that can make people feel emotionally unsafe. (成年人在寻求援助时常常感到尴尬。这是一种会让人们感到情绪不安全的行为。)”指出，成年人不愿意寻求帮助，是因为会让他们感到情绪不安全。下文“Seeking assistance can feel like you are broadcasting your incompetence. (寻求帮助可能会让人觉得你在散播自己的无能。)”指出，寻求帮助会让人觉得你无能。选项E“The moment you ask for directions, after all, you reveal that you are lost. (毕竟，当你问路的那一刻，你就表明你迷路了。)”延续上文，以问路表明自己的迷路这一例子呈现出为什么会让人感到情绪不安全，也呈现出下文所说的表明了“你”的无能，故符合语境。故选E项。 【17题详解】上文“But our research suggests that as early as age seven, children begin to connect asking for help with looking incompetent in front of others. At some point, every child struggles in the classroom. (但我们的研究表明，早在七岁时，孩子们就开始将寻求帮助与在他人面前看起来无能联系起来。在某些时候，每个孩子都在教室里挣扎。)”指出，孩童也会讲寻求帮助和让他人觉得自己无能联系起来。选项F“But if they are afraid to ask for help because their classmates are watching, learning will suffer. (但是，如果他们因为同学在看而不敢寻求帮助，学习就会受到影响。)”进一步指出，如果孩子因为害怕呈现出自己的无能而不寻求帮助，这会带来不良影响。故选F项。 【18题详解】上文“In one study, we told children that both kids did poorly on a test. (在一项研究中，我们告诉孩子们，两个孩子在测试中都表现不佳。)”指出，在一个研究中，参与者得知了有两个孩子在测试中表现不佳这一情况。选项G“We then asked which of these characters would be more likely to raise their hand in front of their class to ask the teacher for help. (然后，我们问这些角色中哪一个更有可能在课堂前举手向老师寻求帮助。)”延续上文，继续指出这个研究的下一个动作为：判断这两个孩子谁更有可能寻求老实的帮助。故选G项。 【19题详解】下文“Teachers could give children more opportunities to seek assistance privately. (教师可以给孩子们更多的机会私下寻求帮助。)”指出，教师应该多私下提供机会帮助孩子们。选项D“Such reputational barriers likely require reputation-based solutions. (此类声誉障碍可能需要基于声誉的解决方案。)”指出，这类问题的解决需要一些特定的方案，下文是对这一表述的具体建议之一，故此句符合该语境要求。故选D项。 【20题详解】上文“They should also help students realize asking questions in front of others as normal, positive behavior. (他们还应该帮助学生认识到在别人面前提问是一种正常的、积极的行为。)”指出，要教育学生认识到在他人面前提问是正常的行为。选项B“Seeking help could even be taught as socially desirable. (寻求帮助甚至可以被认为是社会所需要的。)”指出寻求帮助是这会所需要的，这进一步佐证上文观点，让“在他人面前提问是正常积极的行为”这一观点根据可信度，符合语境。故选B项。 二、完形填空 That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco. There I was, walking home at one o’clock in the morning after a tiring practice at the 1 . With opening night only a week away, I was still learning my 2 . I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time. As I walked, I thought seriously about 3 both acting and San Francisco. City life had become too much for me. As I walked down empty streets under tall buildings, I felt very small and cold. I began 4 , both to keep warm and to keep away from any possible 5 . Very few people were still out except a few sad-looking 6 people under blankets. About a block from my apartment, I heard a sound behind me. I turned quickly, half 7 to see someone with a knife or a gun. The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight. 8 , the noise had made me nervous, so I started to run faster. Not until I reached my apartment building and unlocked the door did I realize what the noise had been. It had been my 9 falling to the sidewalk. Suddenly I wasn’t cold or tired anymore. I ran out of the door and back to 10 I’d heard the noise. Although I searched the sidewalk anxiously for fifteen minutes, my wallet was nowhere to be found. Just as I was about to give up the search, I heard the garbage truck pull up to the sidewalk next to me. When a voice called from the inside, “Alisa Camacho ” I thought I was 11 . How could this man know my name The door opened, and out 12 a small red-haired man with an amused look in his eyes. “Is this what you’re looking for ” he asked, 13 up a small square shape. It was nearly 3 A.M. by the time I got into bed. I wouldn’t get much sleep that night, but I had gotten my wallet back. I also had gotten back some 14 of city life. I realized that the city couldn’t be a bad place as long as people were 15 to help each other. 1. A. theatre B. stadium C. bank D. school 2. A. accounts B. numbers C. songs D. lines 3. A. taking up B. giving up C. starting up D. mixing up 4. A. walking B. crying C. running D. shaking 5. A. actors B. drivers C. beggars D. robbers 6. A. careless B. homeless C. sleepless D. aimless 7. A. expecting B. hoping C. preparing D. calculating 8. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Still 9. A. cellphone B. wallet C. book D. passport 10. A. when B. which C. where D. what 11. A. sleeping B. playing C. dreaming D. imagining 12. A. ran B. jumped C. climbed D. fell 13. A. throwing B. tearing C. putting D. holding 14. A. enjoyment B. sorrow C. reflection D. imagination 15. A. curious B. anxious C. willing D. determined 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者对工作和城市生活感到疲惫，想要放弃，一天，她凌晨一点步行回家，由于恐惧，不小心丢了钱包，当她回去寻找时，一个好心人把钱包还给她，这让她感受到善意，重新对城市生活燃起希望。 【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我就在那里，在剧院进行了一次疲惫的练习后，凌晨一点步行回家。A. theatre剧院；B. stadium体育场；C. bank银行；D. school学校。根据下文“As I walked, I thought seriously about _____ both acting and San Francisco.”中的“acting”可知，我是从事表演工作的，由此可知，我在剧院进行了练习。故选A。 【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：离首夜演出只有一周的时间了，我还在学习台词。A. accounts账户；B. numbers数字；C. songs歌曲；D. lines台词。根据句中“opening night”和下文“As I walked, I thought seriously about _____ both acting and San Francisco.”中的“acting”可知，我是从事表演工作的，要在首夜演出中表演，由此可知，我在学习台词。故选D。 【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我走着的时候，我认真地想过放弃演戏和旧金山。A. taking up占用；B. giving up放弃；C. starting up开办；D. mixing up混淆。根据下文“City life had become too much for me.”可知，城市生活对我来说太难了，由此可知，我想放弃演戏和旧金山的生活。故选B。 【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始奔跑，既是为了保暖，也是为了远离任何可能的抢劫犯。A. walking走；B. crying哭；C. running跑；D. shaking抖动。根据下文“I started to run faster”中的“run”可知，上文指我在奔跑。故选C。 【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始奔跑，既是为了保暖，也是为了远离任何可能的抢劫犯。A. actors演员；B. drivers司机；C. beggars乞丐；D. robbers抢劫犯。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，夜深了，我担心遇到抢劫犯，所以奔跑。故选D。 【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了几个裹着毯子、神情悲伤的无家可归者外，很少有人还在外面。A. careless粗心大意的；B. homeless无家可归的；C. sleepless睡不着的；D. aimless漫无目的的。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，这个时间还在外面的大多数是无家可归的人。故选B。 【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很快转过身来，还以为会看到有人拿着刀或枪。A. expecting期待，预料；B. hoping希望；C. preparing准备；D. calculating计算。根据上文“I walking home at one o’clock in the morning”可知，我凌晨一点步行回家，由此可知，听到响声，我以为遇到了拿着刀或枪的抢劫犯，“half expect…”表示“还以为……”。故选A。 【28题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，噪音还是让我很紧张，所以我开始跑得更快。A. Therefore因此；B. Instead反而；C. Moreover此外；D. Still尽管如此。根据上文“The street was empty. All I saw was a shining streetlight.”和下文“the noise had made me nervous”可知，我在街上没有看到抢劫犯，尽管如此，噪音还是让我很紧张，“Still”意为“尽管如此”，符合语境。故选D。 【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的钱包掉在人行道上了。A. cellphone手机；B. wallet钱包；C. book书；D. passport护照。根据下文“my wallet was nowhere to be found”中的“wallet”可知，我找不到我的钱包，由此可知，我的钱包掉在人行道上了。故选B。 【30题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我跑出门，回到我听到噪音的地方。A. when何时；B. which哪一个；C. where……的地方；D. what什么。根据下文“my wallet was nowhere to be found”可知，我回去找我的钱包了，由此可知，我回到我听到噪音的地方，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故应用“where”引导从句。故选C。 【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我在做梦。A. sleeping睡觉；B. playing玩耍；C. dreaming做梦；D. imagining想象。根据下文“How could this man know my name ”可知，我不知道这个人怎么会知道我的名字，由此可知，我以为我在做梦，梦中听到有人叫我的名字。故选C。 【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门开了，一个红头发的小个子男人跳了出来，眼睛里带着一种有趣的表情。A. ran跑；B. jumped跳；C. climbed爬；D. fell落下。根据上文“garbage truck”可知，男人是开垃圾车的，由此可知，他从垃圾车上跳了出来。故选B。 【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这就是你要找的吗？”他举起一个小正方形问道。A. throwing扔；B. tearing撕碎；C. putting放；D. holding拿着。根据句中“Is this what you’re looking for ”可知，男人捡到了我的钱包，由此可知，他举起我的钱包问我是否在寻找它，“hold up”意为“举起”。故选D。 【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也重新获得了一些城市生活的乐趣。A. enjoyment乐趣；B. sorrow悲伤；C. reflection反射；D. imagination想象力。根据上文“I had gotten my wallet back”可知，我找回了钱包，由此可知，我重新获得了一些城市生活的乐趣，城市中还是有善良的人。故选A。 【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我意识到，只要人们愿意互相帮助，这个城市就不会是一个糟糕的地方。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. willing愿意的；D. determined有决心的。根据上文“I had gotten my wallet back”和文章内容可知，我找回了钱包，意识到城市中还是有善良的人，这让我重新获得了城市生活的乐趣，由此可知，我意识到，只要人们愿意互相帮助，城市生活并不糟糕。故选C。 三、语法填空 A lot of films have tried to describe our memories of family members who have passed away. But few have done as 1 (remark) as Coco, Disney-Pixar’s latest animation, 2 hit the big screen on Nov. 24 and won the Oscar in 2018. 3 (inspire) by the Mexican holiday of Day of the Dead, the film’s production team created a young boy, Miguel, who wants his family to understand his love of music. An accident takes him to the Land of the Dead. While there, Miguel has an 4 (forget) and adventurous night. It’s in this magical world 5 Miguel gets to meet and discover the truth about his great-great-grandpa. To protect him from 6 (disappear), Miguel has to bring his photo back to the living world as soon as possible. While told with a wild imagination, the story 7 (convey) a clear and warm message. “In an era when young people are so easily attracted by 8 (celebrity), Coco reveals the emptiness of such adulation (谄媚), teaching kids to preserve and respect the memory of their elders while 9 (remind) them that the source of true creativity is so often 10 (person),” wrote reporter Peter Debruge on Variety. 【答案】1 remarkably 2. which 3. Inspired 4. unforgettable 5. that 6. disappearing 7. conveys 8. celebrities 9. reminding 10. personal 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了迪士尼和皮克斯联手打造的动画巨作《寻梦环游记》的内容、场景以及所想传达给观众的意义。 【36题详解】考查副词。句意：但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯的最新动画《寻梦环游记》那样引人注目，该动画于11月24日上映，并于2018年获得奥斯卡奖。空格处单词处于as…as结构中，一般填形容词或副词的原级形式。由于空格处单词修饰动词done，所以应用副词remarkably。故填remarkably。 【37题详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：但很少有人能像迪士尼皮克斯的最新动画《寻梦环游记》那样引人注目，该动画于11月24日上映，并于2018年获得奥斯卡奖。该空引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为Coco，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【38题详解】考查过去分词。句意：受墨西哥亡灵节的启发，电影制作团队创造了一个名叫米格尔的小男孩，他希望家人理解他对音乐的热爱。主句谓语为created，所以空格处应填非谓语动词。这句话的主语the film’s production team与inspire之间是被动关系，用过去分词 inspired作状语，首字母大写。故填Inspired。 【39题详解】考查形容词。句意：在那里，Miguel度过了一个难忘的冒险之夜。结合句意，用形容词unforgettable (难忘的)作定语，修饰名词night。故填unforgettable。 【40题详解】考查强调句。句意：正是在这个神奇的世界里，Miguel遇到并发现了他曾曾祖父的真相。这是一个强调句，强调句的基本结构是“It is(was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+who(that)…”，这句话中强调的是地点状语，用that。故填that。 【41题详解】考查动名词。句意：为了保护他不消失，Miguel必须尽快把他的照片带回现实世界。protect…from…意为“保护……免遭……”，其中from为介词，其后一般跟动名词或名词作宾语，disappear(消失)是动词，此处强调动作，所以空格处填动名词形式。故填disappearing。 【42题详解】考查时态。句意：这个故事充满想象力，传达了一个清晰而温暖的信息。这篇文章整体是以一般现在时为主，所以谓语动词convey应使用一般现在时。the story是第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。故填conveys。 【43题详解】考查名词复数。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。celebrity(名人)是可数名词，且其前没有冠词之类的限定词，所以应用复数形式。故填celebrities。 【44题详解】考查省略句。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。此处是while引导时间状语从句省略句，从句主语Coco和从句谓语动词remind是主动关系，正在进行的动作，谓语动词remind用be doing形式，讲述现在的事情，现在进行时，原句为：while Coco is reminding them that…，状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致（或者从句主语为it）且从句谓语中包含be动词，可省略从句主语和be动词，用现在分词reminding。故填reminding。 【45题详解】考查形容词。句意：在一个年轻人很容易被名人吸引的时代，《寻梦环游记》揭示了这种奉承的空虚，教孩子们保存和尊重长辈的记忆，同时提醒他们真正创造力的来源往往是个人的。空格处位于 be动词后作表语， 应用形容词personal。故填personal。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A My 21-year-old niece, a second-year undergraduate, mentioned that she watches video lectures offline at twice the normal speed. Struck by this, I asked some other students I know. Many now routinely speed up their lectures when learning offline — often by 1.5 times, sometimes by even more. Speed learning is not for everyone, but there are websites where students discuss how odd it will be once they return to the lecture theatre. One contributor wrote: “Normal speed now sounds like drunk speed.” Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet. “This is a time for schools and systems to reimagine education without schooling or classrooms,” says Professor Yong Zhao. Dr Jim Watterston in Australia thinks that, while the traditional classroom is still alive and well, education needs to be more adventurous and flexible. Earlier this year, Zhao and Watterston co-authored a paper in which they identified some major changes that should happen in education post-lockdown. The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information. “For humans to progress in the age of smart machines, it is essential that they do not compete with machines.”, they wrote, “Instead, they need to be more human.” The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. It’s also where the concept of “productive failure” applies. Professor Manu Kapurin argues that students learn better from their own or others’ failed attempts to solve a problem before or even instead of being told how to solve it. If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.” 1. By giving examples of “speed learning” in the first paragraph, the author wants to show that _________. A. digital world is dramatically reforming the way of learning. B. speed learning completely replaces normal speed learning. C. returning to the lecture theatre is strange after speed learning. D. education begins to adapt to digital world after Covid-19. 2. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE A. It is essential for smart machines to be more human. B. Students should possess more information about creativity. C. Students value others’ failure over their own failure. D. “Active learning” calls for diverse ways of involvement. 3. According to Zhao and Watterston, the major changes in education should include _________. ①learning mode ②learning motive ③learning attitude ④learning focus A. ①④ B. ②③ C. ①③ D. ②④ 4. According to the passage, what does the author most probably agree with A. Speed learning harms students’ learning efficiency. B. The coming revolution in education is irreversible. C. Teachers will play a less important role in the future. D. The traditional classrooms will eventually disappear. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 【解析】本文是一篇议论文。疫情之后，教育也发生了一些变化。文章认为教育的内容应该有所转变，而学习的主动权则应该交给学生。 【8题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Education was adapting to the digital world long before Covid-19 but, as with so many other human activities, the pandemic has given learning a huge push towards the virtual. Overnight, schools and universities closed and teachers and students had to find ways to do what they do only via the internet.(早在2019冠状病毒病之前，教育在适应数字世界，但与许多其他人类活动一样，疫情也极大地推动了学习向虚拟发展。一夜之间，学校和大学都关闭了，老师和学生不得不想办法通过互联网来做他们只能做的事情)”可知，第一段的例子主要是为了引出主题，也就是数字世界正在改变学习方式。故选A。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example. (二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，“主动学习”需要多种参与方式，故选D。 【10题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The first concerns the content, which should emphasize such things as creativity, critical thinking and leadership, rather than the collection and storage of information.(首先是内容，内容应该强调创造力、批判性思维和领导力，而不是信息的收集和存储)”以及文章第四段“The second is that students should have more control over their learning, with the teacher’s role shifting from instructor to supervisor of learning resources, advisor and motivator. This is where so-called “active learning” comes in with a growing body of research suggesting that comprehension and memory are better when students learn in a hands-on way — through discussion and interactive technologies, for example.(二是学生应该对自己的学习有更多的控制权，教师的角色从指导者转变为学习资源的监督者、顾问和激励者。这就是所谓的“主动学习”的来源，越来越多的研究表明，当学生以实践的方式学习时——例如通过讨论和互动技术——理解和记忆会更好)”可知，他们认为教育的改变主要应该是在内容和模式上。故选A。 【11题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“If the progress of the times is unable to hold back the coming revolution in education, it seems unlikely that the traditional classroom is going to have any luck in its attempts trying to turn back the clock. As Laurillard puts it, “It took a global pandemic to drive home what we’ve been saying for 20 years.”(如果时代的进步无法阻挡即将到来的教育改革，那么传统课堂似乎不太可能在试图让时光倒流的尝试中有任何运气。正如劳里拉德所言，“我们20年来一直在说的话，只有一场全球大流行才能让人明白。”)”可知，作者认为教育改革是不可逆转的。故选B。 B Some of the greatest moments in human history were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience. Delivering this electrifying (展性的) message required emotional intelligence — the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions. Emotional intelligence has been highly recommended by leaders, policymakers, and educators as the solution to a wide range of social problems. If we can teach our children to manage emotions, the argument goes, we’ll have less bullying and more cooperation. If we can cultivate emotional intelligence among leaders and doctors, we’ll have more caring workplaces and more compassionate healthcare. Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating (把持) others. When you`re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests. Social scientists have begun to document this dark side of emotional intelligence. In a research led by University of professor Jochen Menges, when a leader gave an inspiring speech filled with emotion, the audience was Jess likely to scrutinize (细察) the message and remembered of the content. Ironically (讽刺是) audience members were so moved by the speech that they claimed to recall more of it. The authors call this the awestruck effect, but it might just as easily be described as the dumbstruck effect. One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “ear open his heart — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would stop thinking critically and just emote.” Leaders who master emotions can rob us of our capacities to reason. If their values are out of step with our own, the results can be destructive. New evidence suggests that when people have self-serving motives (动机), emotional intelligence becomes a weapon for manipulating others. In a study led by the University of Toronto psychologist Stephane Cote, university employees filled out a survey about their Machiavellian (不择手段的) tendencies, and took a test measuring their knowledge about effective strategies for managing emotions. Then, Cote’s team assessed how often the employees deliberately undermined (逐渐削弱) their colleagues. The employees involved in the most harmful behaviors were Machiavellians with high emotional intelligence. They used their emotional skills to lower the dignity of their peers for personal gain. Shining a light on this dark side of emotional intelligence is one mission of a research team led by University College London professor Martin Kilduff. According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal Professor Kiiduit’s team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.” Of course, people aren’t always using emotional intelligence for nefarious ends. More often than not, emotional skills are simply instrumental tools for goal accomplishment. A research team discovered that founder Anita Roddick used emotional intelligence to inspire her employees fundraise for charity. As Roddick explained, “Whenever we wanted to persuade our staff to support a particular project, we always tried to break their hearts.” There is growing recognition that emotional intelligence-like any skill-can be used for good or evil. So if we’re going to teach emotional intelligence in schools and develop it at work, we need to consider the values that go along with it and here it’s actually useful. 5. Why does the author mention Martin Luther King, Jr A. To honor the great leader for his courage. B. To recommend his speech to other leaders. C. To impress the readers with a major topic. D. To advocate a society with fewer problems. 6. Which of the following belongs to a dark side of emotional intelligence A. Developing the capability to control one’s own emotion. B. Inducing people to do what brings disadvantages to them. C. Appealing to the audience to concentrate and remember more. D. Encouraging the moved audience to a more of the speech. 7. What is the dumbstruck effect of Hitler’s emotional intelligence A. His followers would tear open their hearts to him. B. His followers would express emotions strategically. C. His followers would lose the ability to reason properly. D. His followers would develop the self-serving motives. 8. How do people use their emotional intelligence for personal gain A. They disguise their emotions to earn others’ trust. B. They help their colleagues to build up confidence. C. They present their strategic behaviors on the stage. D. They lower their own dignity to gain popularity. 【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了情商的黑暗面及其运用和影响。 【12题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Some of the greatest moments in human history were fueled by emotional intelligence. When Martin Luther King Jr. presented his dream, he chose language that would stir the hearts of his audience.(人类历史上一些最伟大的时刻是由情商推动的。当马丁·路德·金提出他的梦想时，他选择了能够触动听众心灵的语言)”及常识可推知，马丁·路德·金是一个非常著名的人物，作者提到他就是要给读者留下深刻印象的主要话题。 故选C。 【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Emotional intelligence is important, but the uncontrolled enthusiasm has obscured (掩盖) a dark side. New evidence shows that when people sharpen their emotional skills, they become better at manipulating (把持) others. When you`re good at controlling your own emotions, you can hide your true feelings. When you know what others are feeling, you can motivate them to act against their own best interests.(情商很重要，但不受控制的热情掩盖了它的阴暗面。新的证据表明，当人们提高自己的情感技能时，他们会变得更善于操纵他人。当你善于控制自己的情绪时，你可以隐藏你的真实感受。当你知道别人的感受时，你可以激励他们违背自己的最大利益行事)”可知，诱导人们做对自己不利的事属于情商的阴暗面之一。故选B。 【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One observer reflected that Hitler’s persuasive impact came from his ability to strategically express emotions — he would “ear open his heart — and these emotions affected his followers to the point that they would stop thinking critically and just emote.”(一位观察者反映，希特勒的说服力来自于他有策略地表达情绪的能力——他会“敞开心扉倾听——这些情绪会影响他的追随者，以至于他们会停止批判性思考，而只是动情。”)”可知，希特勒的情商的惊人影响是使他的追随者失去了正确推理的能力。故选C。 【15题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段中的“According to these experts, emotional intelligence helps people disguise (伪装) one set of emotions while expressing another for personal Professor Kiiduit’s team writes, “The strategic disguise of one’s own emotions and the manipulation of others’ emotions for strategic ends are behaviors evident not only on Shakespeare’s stage but also in the offices and corridors where power and influence are traded.”(根据这些专家的说法，情商可以帮助人们掩饰一种情绪，同时表达另一种个人情绪。Kiiduit教授的团队写道：“战略性地掩饰自己的情绪，并为达到战略目的而操纵他人的情绪，这些行为不仅出现在莎士比亚的舞台上，也出现在权力和影响力交易的办公室和走廊里。”)”可知，人们通过掩饰自己的情绪赢得别人的信任来获取个人利益。故选A。 二、写作 你是某国际学校学生会主席。你校准备组织一次“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，请你用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括： 1. 表示欢迎； 2. 活动目的； 3. 活动内容。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右。 2. 参考词汇：手工艺品artifact。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】one possible version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. In order to enrich students’ school life and make us know more about our cultural relics, our school holds the activity. The activity consists of two parts. At the beginning, the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony, making a short introduction to cultural relics. After that, some cultural relics such as artifacts, paintings and so on will be displayed, from which we can have a better understanding of our history. Hopefully, you can enjoy yourselves! Another version Dear teachers and fellow students, Welcome to our "Bringing Cultural Relics to Life" event. As president of the Student Union, I'm honored to have the opportunity to open this wonderful occasion. The purpose of this event is to encourage everyone to explore the history and culture behind the artifacts and appreciate their beauty. There will be an exhibition featuring various cultural artifacts brought by students which have been passed down through their families. Also, we will be holding a work shop where students are encouraged to create their own cultural artifacts that look like cultural relics in ancient times. Thank you for your attendance, and I wish you all a meaningful and enjoyable experience 【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生就你校准备组织的“让文物活起来”（Bring Cultural Relics to Life）的活动，用英语写一篇开幕辞，欢迎参加活动的师生。内容包括：表示欢迎；活动目的；活动内容。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→participate in 首先：At the beginning→To begin with 发表演讲：deliver a speech→give a speech 展示：display→show 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Welcome to take part in the activity called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. 拓展句：Welcome to take part in the activity which is called Bring Cultural Relics to Life. 【点睛】[高分句型1] At the beginning, the headmaster will deliver a speech at the opening ceremony, making a short introduction to cultural relics. (运用了非谓语作状语) [高分句型2] After that, some cultural relics such as artifacts, paintings and so on will be displayed, from which we can have a better understanding of our history. (运用了介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句)
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