Unit 3 Fit for Life Extended reading - Project 导学案-（含答案）译林版（2019）选择性必修 第二册

年 级：高二 科 目：英语 内 容：选择性必修二 U3-3 Extended reading - Project
【同步知识梳理】 知识点1：evidence n. 证据; 证明; 物证; 人证 vt. 证明; 表明 (1)evidence of/for sth. 　 某事的证明 in evidence 显眼的, 明显的, 可看见的 (2)evident adj. 明显的; 明白的 It is evident that 很明显, 显而易见的是 (3)evidently adv. 显然, 明显地; 清楚地 There is a great deal of evidence indicating that music activities engage different parts of the brain. 有大量证据表明, 音乐活动涉及大脑的不同部分。 It is evident that there existed many traditional Chinese cultures, but few of them have survived into the present. 很明显, 中国有很多传统文化, 但是很少有能流传到现在的。 知识点2：date back to… 追溯到，始于，自……至今（无被动） (1)date back to=date from　　 追溯到…… (2)out of date 过时的, 陈旧的 up to date 最近的, 新式的, 现代的 date of birth (DB) 出生日期 There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age.有证据表明针灸始于石器时代。 知识点3：switch vi. & vt. 转变，交换，调班； n. 开关，转变 (1)switch over　　　　　　　 转接; 转换; 切换 switch sth. over(around) 交换; 调换; 转换; 对调 switch between A and B 在A和B之间切换 switch off/on 关闭/ 打开 (2)power switch 电源开关 a light switch 电灯开关 a switch from. . . to. . . 从……到……的改变 The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. 工程师们还在尝试开发一种开关, 使光在日光下会消失。 If I had to give up one of them, I would turn off the TV rather than switch off my cell phone. 如果我必须放弃其中的一个, 我宁愿关掉电视也不愿关掉手机。 知识点4：stainless adj. 不生锈的 stain vi. 弄脏，污染； vt. 玷污，污染，给……染色； n. 污点，色斑 This carpet stains easily. 这块地毯不耐脏。 They stained the floors dark brown. 他们把地板涂成了深棕色。 知识点5：clinic n. 私人诊所，门诊部 clinical adj. 临床的 clinical trial 临床试验 知识点6：tongue n. 舌头；语言 mother tongue 母语 hold one’s tongue 保持沉默 tongue-in-cheek 半开玩笑的，不当真的 知识点7：anxiety n. 焦虑，担心，渴望 (1)with anxiety=anxiously　　 焦虑地 anxiety about / over 对……的忧虑 anxiety to do sth. / for sth. 对……的渴望 (2)be anxious for/about 为……担心/担忧 be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事 (3)anxiously adv. 不安地, 忧虑地 Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety. 有些住院病人十分焦虑不安。 The foreign minister admitted he was still anxious about the situation in the country. 外交部长承认他对该国的局势依然感到忧虑。 知识点8：abuse vt. &n. 滥用; 虐待; 辱骂 (1)alcohol/drug/power abuse　 酗酒; 嗜毒; 滥用权力 (2)abuse of. . . 滥用…… (3)abused adj. 受虐待的 He was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power. 他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。 Janet had been abused by her father since she was eleven. 珍妮特自从11岁起就被她的父亲虐待。 知识点9：alcohol n. 酒精，酒 (1)alcoholic adj. 含酒精的 alcoholic drink 酒精饮料 (2)alcoholism n. 酒精中毒（不可数名词） 知识点10：symbol n.象征，符号，代号 (1)symbol of sth. ……的象征 (2)symbolize v. 象征，代表 (3)symbolic adj. 象征的 symbolically adv. 象征性地 White has always been a symbol of purity in Western cultures. 在西方文化中，白色一向象征纯洁。 知识点11：infection n. 传染，感染 (1)be exposed to infection　 暴露于易受感染的环境 the risk of infection 传染的危险 cross infection 交叉感染 (2)infect vt. 感染, 传染 be infected with 染上…… (3)infectious adj. 传染的; 传染性的 (4)infective adj. 有传染性的, 感染别人的 The risk of infection is apparently higher among children. 儿童受到感染的危险性要高得多。 The wound from the dog bite had become infected. 狗咬的伤口感染了。 【精题精练精讲】 一、单句语法填空 1. His footprints were clearly ____________(evidence) in the heavy dust. 2. Careful ____________(examine) of the ruins revealed an even earlier temple. 3. The farm has changed over to ____________(organ) methods. 4. Nearly a third of the children were ____________(severe) underweight. 5. I’m ____________(anxiety) that we should allow plenty of time. 6. If well used, books are the best of all things; if ____________(abuse), among the worst. 7. He showed great courage by admitting on television that he is an ____________(alcohol). 8. The aim of these experiments was to find the connection, if any, between the two ____________(phenomenon). 9. The unrest is getting more violent and more ____________(widespread). 10. A healthy diet should help your body resist ____________(infect). 二、选词填空 date back to, as early as, take the place of, in addition to, according to, be connected with, up to now, be used to, a variety of, be recognized as 1. ____________ 1966, biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park. 2. ____________ pollution and traffic jams, auto safety is a critical issue in developing nations. 3. Prices change ____________ supply and demand. 4. The caves ____________ early Viking times in about 800 A. D. 5. Nothing can ever ____________ real love and family togetherness. 6. Today he ____________ a national first-class performer. 7. The money raised will ____________ dig more holes to pump water into the dried-up lake. 8. That man was suspected to ____________ the crime. 9. People change their mind for ____________ reasons. 10. ____________, I have finished two-thirds of the work. 三、完成句子 1. ____________ she also gained in confidence. 随着年龄的增长她的信心也增强了。 2. ____________ Tom’s very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless. 虽然汤姆很擅长理科, 但他的兄弟却绝对没有希望。 3. Over the past few years all this ____________. 在过去的几年中这一切都改变了。 4. The new law ____________ to reduce crime. 这条新法规的实行是为了减少犯罪。 5. Transport to and from the airport is ____________ the price. 价格中包括往返机场的交通费。 答案:一、1. evident 2. examination 3. organic 4. severely 5. anxious 6. abused 7. alcoholic 8. phenomena 9. widespread 10.infection 二、1. As early as 2. In addition to 3. according to 4. date back to 5. take the place of 6. is recognized as 7. be used to 8. be connected with 9. a variety of 10. Up to now 三、1. As she grew older 2. While 3. has changed 4. was applied 5. included in 【能力拓展训练】 一、七选五 How we garden Some of us are challenged when it comes to gardening. We sometimes worry too much about what other people think about our gardens. The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you. ____1____ That said, the best gardens work well with their surrounding environment. For instance, you might want to create a tropical (热带) feel but if you’ve got next-door’s oak tree (橡树) as the major background then it could look slightly odd. ____2____ If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material, everything could become dark and depressing. When it comes to planting, there are a lot of great influences out there. You might like the work of designers such as Piet Oudolf. But it’s good to remember that these influences are best used as a guide. ____3____ If you want to use ideas from other garden designers, then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them. ____4____ I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better. For me, the plants are always at the heart of the garden. If you want them to stand out, keep your materials to as small a number as possible. It’s the same when we select plants. We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act. ___5____ They often bring a more subtle element to the design. A. A straight copy is never going to work, is it B. Grasses are a great example of this sort of secondary role. C. All of these considerations will really help you set the tone. D. You shouldn’t concern yourself with what anyone else thinks. E. The direction your garden faces will also affect the overall look. F. In the use of different materials in your garden design, less is definitely more. G. If you want to keep bugs away from your plants, you can spray pesticide regularly. 【答案】1. D 2. E 3. A 4. F 5. B 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何进行园艺的一些方法。 【36题详解】根据前文“The most important thing to remember when you’re creating your own garden is that it really needs to be about you.(当你创建自己的花园时，最重要的是要记住，它真的需要以你为中心。)”可知，你要以你的需求和喜好创建园艺，而不要在意他人的看法。D项“You shouldn’t concern yourself with what anyone else thinks.(你不应该关心别人怎么想。)”强调不要理睬他人的想法，符合语境。故选D项。 【37题详解】根据后文“If your garden is north-facing and you use black or grey-colored material, everything could become dark and depressing.(如果你的花园是朝北的，你使用黑色或灰色的材料，一切都可能变得黑暗和压抑。)”可知，花园的朝向也会影响园艺的方式和最终效果。E项“The direction your garden faces will also affect the overall look.(花园朝向的方向也会影响整体的外观。)”与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选E项。 【38题详解】根据后文“ If you want to use ideas from other garden designers, then look for one that you’re comfortable with but don’t try to copy it outright—just be inspired by them.(如果你想使用其他花园设计师的想法，那就找一个你觉得舒服的，但不要试图完全复制它——只是从他们那里得到灵感)”可知，我们可以借鉴好的思路，而不要直接抄袭。A项“A straight copy is never going to work, is it ( 纯复制是行不通的，对吧 )”与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选A项。 【39题详解】根据后文“ I always think that if you’ve got fewer materials then the plants can sing better.(我一直认为，如果你用更少的材料，植物就能唱得更好。)”和“If you want them to stand out, keep your materials to as small a number as possible.(如果你想让它们脱颖而出，那就尽量少用材料。)”可知，用的材料越少，效果越好。F项“In the use of different materials in your garden design, less is definitely more.(在你的花园设计中使用不同的材料，少即是多。)” 与后文意义一致，符合语境。故选F项。 【40题详解】根据前文“We often forget that we don’t need a garden full of stars; we also need plants that provide the support act.(我们常常忘记，我们需要的不是满园繁星；我们也需要提供支持的植物。)”可知，我们需要不是很显眼的背景的植物；B项“Grasses are a great example of this sort of secondary role.(草是这种次要作用的一个很好的例子。)”符合题意，选项中的secondary role呼应上文的support act。故选B项。 二、完形填空 The rain beat down continuously. Tom looked out into the coal-black night, struggling ____1____ to keep his car on the road. Suddenly, the car ____2____ down the road after a loud noise. “Great,” he thought, “a flat tyre (轮胎)”. With a heavy ____3____, Tom brought the car to a stop. Looking down at his thin, broken legs, he could feel a familiar ____4____ of despair (绝望) start to wash over him. “How can I help ” A gentle voice pulled Tom out of his moment of ____5____. Tom looked out and found a young lady and an old man standing by his car in the rain. “I need ____6____ because my legs are paralyzed (瘫痪).” The words came out flat. The old man simply nodded his head. The two began to ____7____ their work in the rain. Once again, Tom couldn’t help but feel he was ____8____. Soon the old man stepped to the window. “You’re all set,” he said. Tom handed money to the old man, but he made no move to ____9____ it. Finally, the young girl said, “Grandfather is blind.” Tom did not know what to say. He just ____10____ towards the girl. The grandfather sensed what was happening and said, “There is no ____11____. Just continue the chain of kindness.” Over the next few days, he kept replaying the ____12____ over and over in his mind. ____13____ by this, he pursued his long-lost dream of becoming a teacher. Most ____14____, he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others ____15____ he could continue the chain of kindness. 1. A. desperately B. creatively C. hesitantly D. harmoniously 2. A. turned B. knocked C. cut D. bumped 3. A. release B. sigh C. burden D. meal 4. A. wave B. cry C. system D. result 5. A. carelessness B. hopelessness C. selflessness D. tirelessness 6. A. help B. rest C. sticks D. strength 7. A. turn in B. take over C. mount up D. concentrate on 8. A. independent B. committed C. useless D. awesome 9. A. solve B. take C. try D. make 10. A. stepped B. gestured C. rushed D. came 11. A. point B. hurry C. way D. need 12. A. challenge B. game C. incident D. disaster 13. A. Puzzled B. Amused C. Disappointed D. Inspired 14. A. importantly B. likely C. interestingly D. dramatically 15. A. as if B. in case C. so that D. if only 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了双腿瘫痪的汤姆在一个雨夜接受了一位盲人的帮助，受到鼓舞，燃起了对生活的期望的故事。 【41题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：汤姆望着漆黑的夜空，拼命地让他的车在路上行驶。A. desperately绝望地，拼命地；B. creatively创造性地；C. hesitantly犹豫地；D. harmoniously和谐地。根据上文“The rain beat down continuously. Tom looked out into the coal-black night”可知，天气状况不好，他拼命想让车子在路上行驶。故选A。 【42题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，一声巨响后，汽车在路上颠簸着行驶。A. turned转弯；B. knocked敲；C. cut切割；D. bumped碰上，颠簸行进。根据后文“down the road after a loud noise”可知，汽车在路上颠簸着行驶。故选D。 【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤姆重重地叹了口气，把车停了下来。A. release释放；B. sigh叹气；C. burden负担；D. meal餐。根据上文““Great,” he thought, “a flat tyre”.”可知，车胎爆了，所以汤姆重重地叹了口气，把车停了下来。故选B。 【44题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他低头看着自己瘦弱的断腿，能感觉到一股熟悉的绝望浪潮开始向他袭来。A. wave浪潮；B. cry哭泣；C. system系统；D. result结果。根据后文“of despair start to wash over him”指一股熟悉的绝望浪潮开始向他袭来。故选A。 【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个温柔的声音把汤姆从绝望中拉了出来。A. carelessness粗心；B. hopelessness绝望；C. selflessness无私；D. tirelessness疲惫。呼应上文“of despair start to wash over him”指一个温柔的声音把汤姆从绝望中拉了出来。故选B。 【46题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我需要帮助，因为我的腿瘫痪了。A. help帮助；B. rest休息；C. sticks棍子；D. strength力量。根据后文“because my legs are paralyzed.”可知，他说自己需要帮助。故选A。 【47题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：两人开始在雨中专心工作。A. turn in交上；B. take over接管；C. mount up上升；D. concentrate on集中精力于。根据后文“their work in the rain”可知，两人开始在雨中专心工作。故选D。 【48题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：汤姆又一次忍不住觉得自己一无是处。A. independent独立的；B. committed忠诚的；C. useless无用的；D. awesome非常棒的。结合上文可知汤姆双腿瘫痪了，所以又一次忍不住觉得自己一无是处。故选C。 【49题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：汤姆把钱递给老人，但他没有去拿。A. solve解决；B. take带走，拿；C. try尝试；D. make制作。后文it指钱，即此处是去拿钱。故选B。 【50题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他只是对那个女孩做了个手势。A. stepped行走；B. gestured打手势；C. rushed急忙；D. came来。根据上文“Tom did not know what to say.(汤姆不知道该说什么)”可知，没有说话，他只是做了手势。故选B。 【51题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：不需要。A. point要点；B. hurry急忙；C. way方法；D. need需要。根据后文“Just continue the chain of kindness.( 继续你的善良之链吧)”可知，这里是老人说不需要给他钱。故选D。 【52题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接下来的几天里，他在脑子里一遍又一遍地重复着这个事情。A. challenge挑战；B. game游戏；C. incident事件；D. disaster灾难。根据上文“Over the next few days, he kept replaying the”指汤姆后来不断重复这件事。故选C。 【53题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受此鼓舞，他开始追求自己失散已久的教师梦想。A. Puzzled困惑的；B. Amused被逗乐的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Inspired受到鼓舞的。根据后文“he pursued his long-lost dream of becoming a teacher”可知，受此鼓舞，他开始追求自己失散已久的教师梦想。故选D。 【54题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最重要的是，他开始期待每一个新的一天，并把它视为一个帮助别人的机会，这样他就可以继续善良之链。A. importantly重要地；B. likely可能；C. interestingly有趣地；D. dramatically剧烈地。根据后文“he began to look forward to each new day and view it as an opportunity to help others”可知，这件事带给他更重要的影响是，他开始期待每一个新的一天，并把它视为一个帮助别人的机会，这样他就可以继续善良的链条。故选A。 【55题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：最重要的是，他开始期待每一个新的一天，并把它视为一个帮助别人的机会，这样他就可以继续善良的链条。A. as if好像；B. in case万一；C. so that以便；D. if only只要。引导目的状语，表示“以便”应用so that。故选C。 三、语法填空 In the novel Journey To the West, most of the characters are not human, but they show recognizable human ____1___ (characteristic). This human element is one reason for the novel’s ___2____ (popular). People see ____3____ (they) in the characters. A good example of this is the Monkey King himself. He enjoys playing tricks, and at one point he masked himself as a demon (妖怪) ____4____ (rescue) his friends from a prison, without telling them who he was. He talked about eating Pigsy, nearly ___5____ (frighten) Pigsy to death. In a real sense, he had the same life journey that so many people have had through the ages. When young in the Mountain of Flowers and Fruit, he could escape all of the problems in life, but he had to grow up and face the ____6____ (reality) world, with all its worries. In doing so, he changed ____7____ someone who loved to play tricks and cause trouble, to someone who is self-disciplined and faithful. Another reason for the novel’s success is that it is more than just ____8____ adventure story. It is not only a group’s journey to the West, but is a spiritual journey ____9____ the characters were forced to examine the nature of right and wrong. For example, in their journey, they faced both demons and gods. Yet, through enlightenment (教化) some of the demons became gods, and some of the gods became demons because they ____10_____ (choose) to do wrong. 【答案】1. characteristics 2. popularity 3. themselves 4. to rescue 5. frightening 6. real 7. from 8. an 9. where 10. chose 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在小说《西游记》受欢迎的两个原因——大多数角色不是人类，但表现出了可识别的人类特征，人们可以在他们身上发现自己的影子；是人物被迫审视是非本质的精神之旅。 【56题详解】考查名词的数。句意：在小说《西游记》中，大多数角色都不是人类，但他们表现出可识别的人类特征。characteristic为可数名词，前文没有冠词故用复数形式。故填characteristics。 【57题详解】考查名词。句意：人的因素是这部小说受欢迎的原因之一。作宾语，应用名词popularity。故填popularity。 【58题详解】考查代词。句意：人们在角色中看到自己。宾语和主语所指相同时，宾语要用反身代词，此处指“他们自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 【59题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他喜欢耍花招，有一次他把自己伪装成恶魔从监狱里救出他的朋友，却没有告诉他们他是谁。此处作目的状语应用不定式。故填to rescue。 【60题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他说要吃猪八戒，差点把猪八戒吓死。分析句子结构可知frighten在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作结果状语应用现在分词。故填frightening。 【61题详解】考查形容词。句意：年轻时在花果山，他可以逃避生活中的所有问题，但他必须长大，面对现实世界，所有的烦恼。修饰名词world应用形容词real。故填real。 【62题详解】考查介词。句意：在此过程中，他从一个喜欢恶作剧和制造麻烦的人，变成了一个自律和忠诚的人。短语from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。 【63题详解】考查冠词。句意：小说成功的另一个原因是，它不仅仅是一个冒险故事。story为可数名词，此处为泛指，且adventure是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。 【64题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这不仅是一群人的西游，也是人物被迫审视是非本质的精神之旅。此处为定语从句修饰先行词journey，从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导。故填where。 【65题详解】考查时态。句意：然而，通过启蒙，一些恶魔成为了神，而一些神成为了恶魔，因为他们选择了做错事。空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词，根据上文became可知为一般过去时。故填chose。 【课后巩固训练】 一、阅读理解 A Rocky Mountain National Park Tour from Denver Overview See for yourself why Rocky Mountain National Park is one of the most popular parks in the United States on a day trip from Denver. Let a guide handle the winding mountain roads while you enjoy views of mountain tops surrounded by alpine forests, lakes, and meadows. Cross the Great Divide on steep Trail Ridge Road, watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife, and get a sight of the legendary Stanley Hotel — the inspiration for Stephen King’s ‘The Shining’. ●Visit Rocky Mountain National Park without renting a car ●Drive through the tourist town of Estes Park and the famous Stanley Hotel ●Go above treeline on Trail Ridge Road, one of the highest in North America What’s Included ●Professional Driver/Guide ●Transportation ●Lunch Meeting And Pickup Denver Union Station 1701 Wynkoop St, Denver, CO 80202, USA Start time: 09:30 AM;End point: This activity ends back at the meeting point. Additional Info ●Not wheelchair accessible ●LUNCH SANDWICH INCLUDED This tour comes with choice of a turkey or vegetarian sandwich. Please include your preference as well as any dietary restrictions in the Special Requirements field during checkout. ●This experience requires a minimum number of travelers. If it’s canceled because the minimum isn’t met, you’ll be offered a different date/experience or a full refund (退款). ●A water refill will be available in the van, bring a reusable bottle. 1. Where may the text come from A. A travel leaflet. B. A website. C. A documentary. D. A review by travelers. 2. What can you do if you join in the one-day trip A. You can visit the Stephen King’s hotel. B. You can rent a car to visit the whole park. C. You can get a good view of Colorado wildlife. D. You can climb the highest mountain in North America. 3. Which of the following does the tour provide A. Water refill. B. Wheelchair. C. Beef sandwich. D. Professional cook. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章取自一个旅游网站，介绍并推荐了“从丹佛出发的落基山国家公园之旅”。 【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文中图片中的日历和“Book Online(在线预订)”可推知，文章来自一个网站。故选B项。 【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Cross the Great Divide on steep Trail Ridge Road, watch the plentiful Colorado wildlife, and get a sight of the legendary Stanley Hotel — the inspiration for Stephen King’s ‘The Shining’.(着陡峭的Trail Ridge路穿过大分水岭，观看丰富的科罗拉多州野生动物，并看到传奇的斯坦利酒店——斯蒂芬·金的《闪灵》的灵感来源)”可知，在这里的一日游，你可以很好地欣赏科罗拉多的野生动物。故选C项。 【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“A water refill will be available in the van, bring a reusable bottle.(车上有水可以补充，带一个可重复使用的瓶子)”可知，这次旅行提供水的续杯。故选A项。 B I’ve been wondering how kids themselves, especially young ones, define(定义) play. It turns out that there have been quite a few research studies in which young children are asked in various ways to distinguish between play and not play. In a review of 12 such studies, Natasha Goodhall and Cathy Atkinson (2019) concluded that even very young children have a rather clear idea of the difference between play and non-play. Most important for the present discussion, a key characteristic of play for children is that it is chosen and directed by the children themselves. As one example of such a study, Justine Howard and her colleagues (2006) showed children pictures of other kids involved in various activities and asked them to judge each as “play” or “not play.” It turned out that the most reliable indicator for the children was the presence or absence of an adult. If an adult (generally seen to be a teacher) was present, the activity was most often judged as “not play,” even if the children looked happy and involved. Children were also more likely to judge an activity as play if there was more than one child involved than if a single child was doing something alone. Howard and her colleagues (2006) also reviewed previous research on children’s understanding of play and concluded that, all in all, children consider an activity to be play if it (a) is controlled by the children, (b) is enjoyable, (c) has no preset goal, and (d) involves pretense. Yay! This list matches reasonably well with the list I generated based on the work of other play researchers and my own observations. I’m apparently not too far off the mark. Unfortunately, many education specialists who have heard that play is good for children’s learning don’t understand what play is. They develop “play-based learning” programs that go against the first characteristic of play because they are chosen and set up by the teacher and are more-or-less forced upon the children rather than freely chosen by them. Once the first characteristic is destroyed, the others are also generally destroyed. I think it is hard for teachers to provide much real play for children, because that means giving up control. Moreover, stepping back and letting the children do their own thing may look like laziness or negligence(疏忽) to adult observers. 4. Which of the following is more likely to be regarded as play by children A. Activities filled with joys and sorrows. B. Activities directed by children themselves. C. Activities with the company of their parents. D. Activities set up and monitored by a teacher. 5. What does the underlined sentence “I’m apparently not too far off the mark” in paragraph 3 mean A. I am opposed to the mark. B. I am in the wrong direction. C. My finding is close to the truth. D. My mark is beyond imagination. 6. What is the problem with “play-based learning” programs A. Children can not choose them freely. B. The benefits of the programs are ignored. C. Not all the children are involved in the activities. D. What children do goes against the rules of the games. 7. What does the text mainly talk about A. How children define play. B. Why play matters for children. C. How specialists design play-based learning. D. Why play-based learning is important to children. 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. A 【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍孩子如何定义玩耍。 【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Most important for the present discussion, a key characteristic of play for children is that it is chosen and directed by the children themselves.(对于目前的讨论来说，最重要的是，儿童玩耍的一个关键特征是，它是由儿童自己选择和指导的)”可知，孩子认为玩耍是由自己选择和指导的。故选B。 【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中画线句上文“This list matches reasonably well with the list I generated based on the work of other play researchers and my own observations.(这个列表与我根据其他游戏研究人员的工作和我自己的观察得出的列表相当吻合)”可知，作者得出的结论和列表相当吻合，由此可推知，画线句“很明显我说的并不是太离谱”意为“我的发现接近于事实”，故选C。 【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“They develop ‘play-based learning’ programs that go against the first characteristic of play because they are chosen and set up by the teacher and are more-or-less forced upon the children rather than freely chosen by them.(他们开发了‘以玩耍为基础的学习’项目，这与游戏的第一个特征背道而驰，因为这些项目是由老师选择和设置的，或多或少是强迫孩子们的，而不是由他们自由选择的)”可知，“以玩耍为基础的学习”的问题在于这些项目是由老师选择和设置的，孩子不能自由选择。故选A。 【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合文章首句“I’ve been wondering how kids themselves, especially young ones, define(定义) play.(我一直在想孩子们，尤其是小孩子，是如何定义玩耍的)”可知，文章主要介绍孩子如何定义玩耍。故选A。 C On Tuesday, organizers of the Pritzker Prize, often known as the “Nobel of architecture,” revealed Kéré as its 2022 winner. The first African architect to claim the award in its 43-year history, Kéré made the achievement largely involving schools, health centers and community facilities—projects that might once have been considered too modest for a prize that has historically honored the designers of iconic buildings. Speaking to CNN shortly after hearing the news, he credited his success to his community in Gando. “This is not just a prize for myself,” he said on the phone from Berlin. “Without having the courage to go back home Gando, and to get my people to join me on the journey to build the school that began my career, this would never have been possible.” Casting mud like concrete (混凝土) and preferring local materials to imported ones, Kéré proposes a vision of architecture that both strengthens communities and responds to the climate crisis. As such, the Pritzker Prize announcement is not only a nod of acceptance for him, but for “vernacular” architecture—a term used to describe designs that directly respond to local climates, materials and building traditions. Though Kéré has since designed bigger projects, his approach remains grounded in his belief established in Gando. Knowing the village had no access to electricity or air conditioning, he proposed strategically placing windows that allow indirect sunlight to enter while generating airflow that serves as natural ventilation (通风). But despite working closely with local craftspeople (工匠), Kéré said he faced disagreement with his choice of materials. The use of traditional clay bricks, which offer natural cooling, was not entirely welcomed by villagers, who thought the structure would not resist the rainy season as well as glass and steel. “There is still a feeling that everything that’s local is primitive (原始),” he said. “Let’s say 90% of people in Gando use clay, but they see it as a ‘poor person’s material.’ So, when they have more money to spend, they try to look for other materials.” “The more local materials you use, the better you can promote the local economy and build local knowledge, which also makes people proud,” Kéré added. 8. What can we learn about the Pritzker Prize A. It was founded in 1943. B. Its first winner is an African. C. Its aim is to encourage modest works. D. It usually favors iconic buildings. 9. What is special about Kéré’s design A. Breaking with traditions. B. Applying imported material. C. Making full use of local materials. D. Generating electricity from the sun. 10. What challenge did Kéré meet A. The villagers preferred modern materials. B. The villagers were short of steel and glass. C. The local materials couldn’t resist the heat. D. The local materials were not environmentally friendly. 11. What’s the main idea of the text A. Local materials promoted local economy. B. An African architect won the 2022 Pritzker Prize. C. Kéré’s design became the fashion trend of architecture. D. Kéré and his community worked together to cope with climate crisis. 【答案】8. D 9. C 10. A 11. B 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一位非洲建筑师Kéré获得了2022年普利兹克奖，并介绍了Kéré的建筑风格。 【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“The first African architect to claim the award in its 43-year history, Kéré made the achievement largely involving schools, health centers and community facilities—projects that might once have been considered too modest for a prize that has historically honored the designers of iconic buildings.”（作为43年历史上第一位获得该奖项的非洲建筑师，Kéré取得了这一成就，主要涉及学校、医疗中心和社区设施项目，这些项目可能一度被认为过于朴素，无法获得历史上授予标志性建筑设计师的奖项。）可知，普利兹克奖通常授予标志性建筑的设计师，由此可知，普利兹克奖通常青睐标志性建筑。故选D项。 【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“Casting mud like concrete (混凝土) and preferring local materials to imported ones, Kéré proposes a vision of architecture that both strengthens communities and responds to the climate crisis.”（浇筑泥状混凝土，首选当地材料而非进口材料，Kéré提出了一种既能加强社区又能应对气候危机的建筑愿景。）可知，Kéré设计的建筑首选当地材料而非进口材料，由此可知，Kéré的设计的特别之处在于充分利用当地材料。故选C项。 【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段内容“But despite working closely with local craftspeople (工匠), Kéré said he faced disagreement with his choice of materials. The use of traditional clay bricks, which offer natural cooling, was not entirely welcomed by villagers, who thought the structure would not resist the rainy season as well as glass and steel.”（但尽管与当地工匠密切合作，Kéré表示，当地人和他对材料的选择仍存在分歧。村民们并不完全欢迎使用传统的粘土砖来提供自然冷却，他们认为这种建筑不能像玻璃和钢铁一样抵御雨季。）可知，Kéré和当地人对材料的选择存在分歧，村民们更喜欢像玻璃和钢铁一样的现代材料，不完全欢迎使用传统的粘土砖，由此可知，Kéré遇到的挑战是村民们更喜欢现代材料。故选A项。 【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“On Tuesday, organizers of the Pritzker Prize, often known as the “Nobel of architecture,” revealed Kéré as its 2022 winner.”（周二，通常被称为“建筑诺贝尔奖”的普利兹克奖的组织者宣布Kéré为其2022年的获奖者。）可知，文章主要介绍了一位非洲建筑师Kéré获得了2022年普利兹克奖，并介绍了Kéré的建筑风格，“An African architect won the 2022 Pritzker Prize.”意为“一位非洲建筑师获得2022年普利兹克奖。”选项能够表达文章主要内容。故选B项。 D When we think about lives filled with meaning, we often focus on people whose big contributions benefited humanity. Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Nelson Mandela surely felt they had a worthwhile life. But how about us ordinary people, struggling for existence Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence often boils down to three factors: the feeling that one’s life is coherent(连贯的) and “makes sense,” the possession of clear and satisfying long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters in a system of things. But we believe there is another element to consider. Think about the first butterfly you stop to admire after a long winter or imagine the scenery at the top of a hill after a fresh hike. Sometimes existence delivers us small moments of beauty. When people are open to appreciating such experiences, these moments may enhance how they view their life. We call this element experiential appreciation. The phenomenon reflects the feeling of a deep connection to events as they happen and the ability to extract value from that link. It represents the detection of and admiration for life’s natural beauty. We conducted a series of experiments in which we gave people specific tasks to see whether experiential appreciation was related to a person’s sense of meaning. In one case, we found that participants who watched an awe-inspiring video, such as the BBC documentary Planet Earth(地球脉动), reported having a greater sense of experiential appreciation and meaning in life, compared with participants who watched more neutral(不带感彩的) videos, such as an instructional woodworking video. The results confirmed our original theory: appreciating small things can make life feel more meaningful. But applying that insight can be difficult. Our modern, fast-paced lifestyles fill the day with targets and goals. The focus on future outcomes makes it all too easy to miss what is happening right now. Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life. 12. What are the key factors of meaningful existence according to the scholars A. Wealth, goals and achievements. B. Capability, positivity and meaning. C. Contribution, great aim and coherence. D. Coherence, purpose and existential mattering. 13. What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 3 A. That link. B. Experiential appreciation. C. The value. D. A deep connection to events. 14. How does the author support his viewpoints according to paragraph 4 A. By listing figures. B. By telling stories. C. By analyzing causes. D. By doing experiments. 15. What does the author suggest people do A. Maximize future outcomes. B. Focus on targets and goals. C. Value what is happening now. D. Enjoy the fast-paced lifestyles. 【答案】12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述一项研究结果，在日常生活中欣赏美可以让生活有意义，作者建议人们珍惜当下正在发生的事情。 【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Many scholars agree that a meaningful existence often boils down to three factors: the feeling that one’s life is coherent(连贯的) and ‘makes sense,’ the possession of clear and satisfying long-term goals and the belief that one’s life matters in a system of things.(许多学者都认为，一个有意义的存在通常可以归结为三个因素：感觉自己的生活是连贯的，是‘有意义的’，拥有清晰而令人满意的长期目标，以及相信自己的生活在一个事物体系中很重要)”可知，学者认为有意义的生活在于三个因素：连贯性、目的和存在的重要性。故选D。 【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段中“We call this element experiential appreciation.(我们称之为体验式欣赏)”可知，划线词所在句“It represents the detection of and admiration for life’s natural beauty.(它代表着对生命自然美的发现和欣赏)”中指示代词指代上文提到的“体验式欣赏”。故选B。 【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“We conducted a series of experiments in which we gave people specific tasks to see whether experiential appreciation was related to a person’s sense of meaning.(我们进行了一系列实验，在实验中，我们给人们布置了具体的任务，看看体验式欣赏是否与一个人的意义感有关)”可知，作者是通过做实验来证实自己的观点。故选D。 【35题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后两句“Yet life happens in the present moment. We should slow down, let life surprise us and embrace the significance in the everyday life.(然而，生活就发生在当下。我们应该慢下来，让生活给我们惊喜，拥抱日常生活中的意义)”可知，作者建议人们珍惜当下。故选C。 二、写作 1.应用文写作 假如你是学校的学生会主席李华。在“全国爱眼日”到来之际，请你以学生会的名义在学校英文报上给全校学生写一封倡议书，要点包括： 1. 保护视力的重要性； 2. 保护视力的建议； 3. 发出倡议。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Students’ Union 【答案】Possible version: Dear fellow students, Shortsightedness among Chinese students is becoming more serious. With the National Eye Day approaching, it reminds us of the serious situation we are faced with. We can’t attach too much importance to the protection of our eyes. The situation can be improved if we get regular breaks throughout our busy study and take part in more outdoor activities in the sun instead of fixing our eyes on electronic devices. I firmly believe that as long as we strengthen our awareness to improve eye health, all of us will have a brighter vision. The Students’ Union 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在“全国爱眼日”到来之际，以学生会的名义在学校英文报上给全校学生写一封倡议书。 【详解】1.词汇积累 参加：take part in→join in 而不是：instead of→rather than 坚定地：firmly→strongly 增强：strengthen→enhance 2.句式拓展 同义句 原句：With the National Eye Day approaching, it reminds us of the serious situation we are faced with. 拓展句：As the National Eye Day approaches, it reminds us of the serious situation we are faced with. 【点睛】【高分句型1】The situation can be improved if we get regular breaks throughout our busy study and take part in more outdoor activities in the sun instead of fixing our eyes on electronic devices.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句） 【高分句型2】I firmly believe that as long as we strengthen our awareness to improve eye health, all of us will have a brighter vision.（运用了that引导的宾语从句和as long as引导的条件状语从句） 2. 读后续写 请阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I did not know why I had chosen to be here. It felt as though my mind were at home, sitting and watching television, feeling relaxed and having fun, and yet my body was standing here in absolute fear. I looked in the mirror again. My face had been washed clean before applying the heavy make-up. My skin looked deathly white and powdered so that there was no shininess. My eyes looked dark and I was wearing lipstick. I should have been thrilled that I was allowed to wear make-up, but somehow, this didn’t feel like a treat. Now I had to wait. How easy it should be to simply wait but this felt like a never-ending suffering. I stared at my white shoes as I stretched my feet, trying to distract myself from the way I felt. This dressing room was not small, but there were lots of girls in here. Mum and Dad were sitting in the audience but I was missing them so much. I wished they had been here with me. They were only on the other side of the stage, but that felt like a world away. The speaker asked for the black swans (天鹅) to get ready and as a sudden rush of girls danced into line and headed off towards the stage, I knew that I would be called next. My hands felt wet and sticky. I did not want to go on stage. I did not want the audience staring at me as I performed. I tried to sit down but it was difficult when you were wearing a tutu (芭蕾舞裙). I wanted to rest my forehead on the mirror, but I knew that I would ruin my make-up and that wouldn’t do. The speaker was asking again, “Calling for white swans, will all white swans make their way to the stage ” I shook my arms, and joined the queue of other white swans. I felt really faint now and I wanted to be sick. I looked around in desperation, waiting to catch the eye of someone, anyone, who could get me out and save me. 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右； 2. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好。 The music started and a girl beside me caught my hand with a comforting smile. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ We took off our white clothes, a little tired but excited. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Possible version: The music started and a girl beside me caught my hand with a comforting smile. “You’ve gotta’ dance like there’s nobody watching”, she whispered to me. Something magical happened. My legs kicked out, my arms moved gracefully and my body formed different positions as the music flowed...and I jumped, I stretched, I leaped and I forgot that I was on the stage. Eventually the music reached its climax and then died away. With graceful ballet runs, we left the stage and returned to the dressing room. How was it over so quickly We took off our white clothes, a little tired but excited. The big girl grinned and gave me a thumbs-up sign. I felt immense relief and such a huge sense of achievement. I could not wait to see Mum and Dad and to see what they thought, although I knew that they would be proud of me. Saying good bye to her, I walked out of the dressing room. Now I knew what the next performance would be like. Maybe next year I would be the big girl too keen to get on the stage and comfort other timid girls. 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了作者参加芭蕾舞演出的经历。那时，她坐在化妆间里等待上台表演，因为要上台表演，她感到恐惧，她不想让观众看着她跳芭蕾舞，她想逃避，当主持人叫白天鹅上台表演时，她的恐惧到达了顶点，她迷茫地加入了其他白天鹅的队伍，绝望地四处张望，期待得到帮助。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“音乐响起，我身边的一个女孩抓住了我的手，脸上带着安慰的微笑。”可知，第一段可描写女孩是如何安慰我的及我的表演怎么样。 ②由第二段首句内容“我们脱掉了白色的衣服，有点累，但很兴奋。”可知，第二段可描写表演结束后我的感受。 2.续写线索：女孩安慰我——表演顺利——表演结束——我的感受——我获得了自信和成长 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.低语，小声说：whisper/speak in a low voice ②.返回：return to/go back to ③.安慰：comfort/console 情绪类 ①.为……感到骄傲：be proud of/take pride in ②.渴望的：keen/eager 【点睛】[高分句型1]. I could not wait to see Mum and Dad and to see what they thought, although I knew that they would be proud of me. （由what引导的宾语从句作see的宾语、although引导的让步状语从句和that引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语） [高分句型2]. Now I knew what the next performance would be like.（由what引导的宾语从句作knew的宾语）