Unit5 Play by the rules Developing ideas课文要点全解（含答案）外研版英语（2024）八年级上册

Unit 5 Developing ideas 课文要点全解
1 Avoid posting personal information online. 避免在网上发布个人信息。
avoid 〔及物动词〕避免；防止
后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不接动词不定式作宾语。
avoid doing sth 避免做某事
Our teacher tells us how to avoid traffic accidents.我们的老师告诉我们如何避免交通事故。
You should avoid making the same mistakes,你应该避免犯相同的错误。
During our holidays,we should avoid staying up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
在假期里，我们应该避免晚上熬夜、早上睡过头。
(2025·江苏扬州中考) 真题链接
根据句子意思，用括号中所给汉语提示填空。
My father always______ clothes shopping, for he doesn't care about his clothing. (避免)
解析 avoid“避免”，动词。根据 always 可知，本句描述经常性动作，应用一般现在时；主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填 avoids。句意：我父亲总是避免买衣服，因为他不在乎自己的衣服。
答案 avoids
2 This includes your full name, phone number, address, ID or passport number. 这包括你的全名、电话号码、地址、身份证或护照号码。
include 〔及物动词〕包括，包含
后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不用于进行时。
The textbook includes eight stories and three short plays.
这本课本包括 8 个故事和 3 篇短剧。
Your duties include answering the telephone and cleaning the office.
你的职责包括接电话和打扫办公室。
拓展
① included〔形容词〕包括在内的
无比较级，一般位于名词或代词之后。
Everyone laughed,me included.
每个人都笑了，包括我在内。
② including〔介词〕包括；包含在内
用于所列举的事物前，和其后的名词或代词一起构成介宾短语。
Tom has many hobbies,including hiking and running. 汤姆有很多爱好，包括远足和跑步。
3 However, limit who sees it. 但要限制看到这些信息的人。
limit
①〔动词〕限制，限定
The wrong choice might limit your chances of success.错误的选择可能会限制你成功的机会。
②〔名词〕限制
I think there is an age limit,but I'd have to check. 我觉得是有年龄限制的，但我得去核实一下。
4 Change it often and don't be careless. 要经常更换密码，不要粗心大意。
careless 〔形容词〕不小心的，粗心的，疏忽的
其反义词为 careful,意为“细心的；认真的”。
I made a few careless mistakes.
我犯了几个粗心的错误。
Linda is a careful girl.
琳达是一个细心的女孩。
拓展
①-less 是一个否定后缀，表示“不具有”或“没有……特征的”，跟在某些名词之后构成形容词。
help(帮助) → helpless (无助的)
use(用处) → useless (无用的)
home(家) → homeless (无家可归的)
sleep(睡觉) → sleepless (不眠的)
② carelessly〔副词〕粗心地
The camera will go wrong if you use it carelessly.如果你使用这台相机粗心大意，它会出毛病的。
真题链接
(2025江苏扬州中考改编)
It's______ of the boy to leave the tap (水龙头) running.
A.endless B. homeless
C.meaningless D. careless
解析 我们可用“词义辨析法”解答此题。
endless“无止境的”; homeless “无家可归的”; meaningless “无意义的, 无价值的”; careless “粗心大意的”。根据 to leave the tap running 可知, 水龙头开着应是“粗心”导致的, 故选 D。句意: 这个男孩让水龙头一直开着, 真是粗心大意。
答案 D
5 Be aware of strangers. 警惕陌生人。
aware 〔形容词〕注意到的, 察觉到的
aware 通常作表语，不用于名词之前作定语。
be aware of 注意到,察觉到
be aware+ that 从句 意识到……
As you're aware,this is not a new problem.
正如你所了解的,这不是一个新问题。
He was well aware of the problem.
他很清楚这个问题。
Are you aware that something was wrong
你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
拓展 unaware 〔形容词〕不知道; 没意识到; 未察觉
be unaware of 没意识到;未察觉
The boy was unaware of the danger.
那个男孩没有意识到危险。
练习题
类型一：单词释义匹配 (Definition Matching)
将单词或短语与其中文释义正确匹配。
1. avoid
2. include
3. limit
4. careless
5. aware
6. personal information
7. address
8. passport
9. stranger
10. password
A. 包括
B. 避免
C. 限制
D. 粗心的
E. 注意到的
F. 个人信息
G. 地址
H. 护照
I. 陌生人
J. 密码
类型二：词形转换 (Word Form Transformation)
根据括号内的提示，用单词的适当形式填空。
1. You should __________ (avoid) making the same mistakes again.
2. The price __________ (include) tax and service charges.
3. There is a __________ (limit) to how much luggage you can take on the plane.
4. It was __________ (care) of you to leave the door unlocked.
5. Are you __________ (aware) of the risks involved
6. Never share your __________ (person) information online.
7. Please write your __________ (address) clearly on the envelope.
8. You need a __________ (passport) to travel to foreign countries.
9. Don't talk to __________ (stranger) on the street.
10. Change your __________ (password) regularly for security.
类型三：短语填空 (Phrase Filling)
用方框内短语的适当形式填空。
avoid doing, including, limit the, be careless, be aware of, personal information, full name, phone number, change often, strangers online
1. You should __________ posting private photos on social media.
2. The tour package covers many activities, __________ hiking and sightseeing.
3. Parents should __________ amount of time their children spend on electronic devices.
4. Don't __________ with your personal belongings in public places.
5. Students need to __________ the dangers of cyberbullying.
6. Protect your __________ when using public Wi-Fi.
7. Please provide your __________ on the application form.
8. Don't give your __________ to people you don't know well.
9. It's important to __________ your passwords __________.
10. Children should not chat with __________.
类型四：单项选择 (Multiple Choice)
1. You should ______ making the same mistake again.
A. avoid
B. include
C. limit
D. aware
2. The price ______ breakfast and dinner.
A. avoids
B. includes
C. limits
D. aware
3. There is a ______ to how many books you can borrow.
A. avoid
B. include
C. limit
D. aware
4. It was ______ of him to lose his keys again.
A. avoid
B. include
C. careless
D. aware
5. Are you ______ of the new school rules
A. avoid
B. include
C. limit
D. aware
6. Never give out your ______ to unknown websites.
A. personal information
B. full name
C. phone number
D. address
7. Please write your ______ on this line.
A. personal information
B. full name
C. phone number
D. address
8. What's your ______ I need to call you later.
A. personal information
B. full name
C. phone number
D. address
9. You need to show your ______ at the airport.
A. personal information
B. full name
C. phone number
D. passport
10. Don't accept friend requests from ______.
A. personal information
B. full name
C. phone number
D. strangers
类型五：完成句子 (Sentence Completion)
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1. 避免在网上发布个人信息。
__________ personal information online.
2. 这包括你的全名、电话号码、地址、身份证或护照号码。
This __________ your __________, __________, __________, ID or __________ number.
3. 但要限制看到这些信息的人。
However, __________ who sees it.
4. 要经常更换密码，不要粗心大意。
__________ it often and don't __________.
5. 警惕陌生人。
__________ strangers.
6. 你应该避免犯相同的错误。
You should __________ the same mistakes.
7. 你的职责包括接电话和打扫办公室。
Your duties __________ answering the telephone and cleaning the office.
8. 错误的选择可能会限制你成功的机会。
The wrong choice might __________ your chances of success.
9. 我犯了几个粗心的错误。
I made a few __________ mistakes.
10. 你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
Are you __________ that something was wrong
类型六：同义句转换 (Sentence Transformation)
根据要求改写句子，保持句意基本不变。
1. Try not to post private details on the internet. (用avoid改写)
__________ private details on the internet.
2. The package contains a book and a CD. (用include改写)
The package __________ a book and a CD.
3. Restrict the number of people who can access this file. (用limit改写)
__________ the number of people who can access this file.
4. He wasn't careful and broke the vase. (用careless改写)
He was __________ and broke the vase.
5. Do you know about the new regulations (用aware of改写)
Are you __________ the new regulations
6. Keep your private data secure. (用personal information改写)
Protect your __________.
7. Provide your complete name on the form. (用full name改写)
Write your __________ on the form.
8. What's your contact number (用phone number改写)
What's your __________
9. You need travel documentation for international trips. (用passport改写)
You need a __________ for international trips.
10. Don't communicate with people you don't know on the internet. (用strangers online改写)
Don't chat with __________.
答案
类型一：单词释义匹配
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. D
5. E
6. F
7. G
8. H
9. I
10. J
类型二：词形转换
1. avoid
2. includes
3. limit
4. careless
5. aware
6. personal
7. address
8. passport
9. strangers
10. password
类型三：短语填空
1. avoid
2. including
3. limit the
4. be careless
5. be aware of
6. personal information
7. full name
8. phone number
9. change; often
10. strangers online
类型四：单项选择
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. D
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. D
10. D
类型五：完成句子
1. Avoid posting
2. includes; full name; phone number; address; passport
3. limit
4. Change; be careless
5. Be aware of
6. avoid making
7. include
8. limit
9. careless
10. aware
类型六：同义句转换
1. Avoid posting
2. includes
3. Limit
4. careless
5. aware of
6. personal information
7. full name
8. phone number
9. passport
10. strangers online