2026届高考英语二轮复习：非谓语动词详解 课件(共50张PPT)
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(共50张PPT)
高考一轮复习（英语)
语法之非谓语动词
（Non-finite-verb)
非谓语动词的三基本形式:
to do(不定式), doing(现在分词 / 动名词), done(过去分词)
基本用法:
to do: 表将来表目的;
doing: 表主动表进行;
done: 表被动表完成
非谓语动词
动词的两个基本用法：谓语(形式多样化)和非谓语
1. Leaving a store, I returned to my car only to find I had locked my keys and cell phone inside.
2. He says that when it comes to learning Chinese, writing comes first.
3. Getting your children to stop lying is challenging.
4. The first step toward overcoming anything is to become aware of it.
非谓语动词
判断句子中的动词是谓语还是非谓语
1. 分析句子成分，找出所有动词，根据动词形式确定所设空格是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
(看动词与动词或句子与句子之间有无连接词 / 引导词)
2. 找出相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)
3.搜索句子中的相关时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的解题方法
1）不定式（to do）的形式
非谓语动词用法
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 to do not to do: 否定形式 to be done not to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 to be doing not to be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 to have done not to have done to have been done not to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式 to have been doing not to have been doing 发生在谓语动词之前并且持续到谓语动词发生时仍在进行
(1)作主语:表示具体的、一次性或尚未完成的动作。常用it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语。
To see is to believe. (to do 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数)
非谓语动词用法
2）不定式（to do）的用法
注意: it作形式主语, to do 不定式作真正的主语的句式。
It be+adj.(描写不定式动作的特征或特点) + (for sb.) + to do sth.
It be + adj.(侧重于评价人物的特性，特征) + of sb. to do sth.
It is / was / seems / appears + n.(pity, pleasure, idea...) to do sth.
It takes / took sb. +时间段 to do sth.
非谓语动词用法
kind, nice, foolish, generous, brave, polite, wise...
It is right (for you) _______________ (give up).
It is generous of him ______________ (contribute) so much.
It is a great pleasure ________ (talk) with you.
It took me three hours _______ (finish) the task.
非谓语动词用法
to give up
to contribute
to talk
to finish
(2) 作表语: 表示将来的具体动作或状态
My dream （wish/ goal...)is ______ (enter) Peking University.
(3)作宾语: ①常用不定式作宾语(v. + to do)的动词有: afford, agree, determine, decide, refuse, expect, hope, manage, want, fail, wish, pretend, promise, happen, would like, offer, choose, plan, learn....
非谓语动词用法
to enter
Soon the villagers couldn’t afford _______ (buy) food for themselves.
I managed _____ (get) the ironing done this morning.
②动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise,
wonder, find out...常接疑问词(when, what, which, how, where..)
+to do (作宾语)
Please show me how to do that.
I can’t decide which to buy.
非谓语动词用法
to buy
to get
③ it作形式宾语,to do不定式作真正的宾语的句型
think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + n. / adj.(宾补) + to do(真正的宾语)
I find it pleasant ________ (work) with him.
They felt it difficult _______ (finish) the work in such a short time.
She thinks it her duty ________(help) us.
I think it my honor ____________ (invite) to speak here.
非谓语动词用法
to work
to finish
to help
to be invited
非谓语动词用法
(4)作补语:
宾补: ①常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+ 宾语+宾补)有:
want, advise, allow, permit, appoint, cause, command,urge, require, request, beg, order, ask, tell, warn, train, teach, instruct, persuade, encourage, challenge, forbid, force, invite, wish, remind, depend on, wait for, call on+宾语(n. / pron. )+ to do....
非谓语动词用法
②下列动词(在主动语态中)接省to不定式作宾语补足语
一感(feel), 二听(hear, listen to),三让(let, make, have), 五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at), 半帮助(help), 在被动语态中要加to
Nobody saw him come in.
The thief was observed to enter the bank.
非谓语动词用法
主补：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾(被动)关系时，不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。
This book is difficult ____________ (understand).
to understand
非谓语动词用法
(5)作定语:
①通常置于所修饰名词或代词后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓，动宾或同位语关系
He is not a man to tell a lie. (主谓关系)
I have an email to send.(动宾关系)
Dou you have the ability to read and write in English (同位语关系)
way to do sth. 做某事的方式
chance / opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会
plan(n.) to do 做某事的计划
非谓语动词用法
②序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the last 等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语( ...+to do / ...+n. to do)
She is always the first _______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).
It is one of the best theme parks _________ (become) more and more popular.
to come
to leave
to become
非谓语动词用法
(6)作状语:
功能 用法
原因状语 用于表示喜怒哀乐等的形容词后，以此说明产生这种情绪的原因，常用句型: 主语+系动词+adj. (happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, pleased....) to do
目的状语 常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do 不能置于句首
结果状语 1. 表示意想不到的结果: only to do....(通常指不好的结果)
2. 固定结构: too+ adj. / adv. to do sth. 太...而不能...
so / such ...as to do: 如此...以至于...
adj. + enough for sb. to do: 对某人来说做某事足够...
非谓语动词用法
I was happy ______ (hear) the news.
_______ (meet) the movie star I got up very early.
I rushed to school, only ______ (find) nobody was there.
He was so excited as _____ (be) unable to speak.
The ice is thick enough ______ (walk) on.
The case was too heavy ___________ (carry) by a child.
to hear
To meet
to find
to be
to walk
to be carried
(原因状语)
(目的状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(1) 作主语: 动名词作主语表示习惯性，经常性的动作。
同时也要注意it作形式主语，动名词做真正的主语的用法.
Playing with others helps them learn how to get along with all kinds of people.
非谓语动词用法
3）动名词（doing）的用法
(动名词[短语]作主语谓语动词用单数)
it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的句型结构
It is / was good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...
It is a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
It is senseless attempting the impossible things.
非谓语动词用法
(2)作宾语: ① 动名词可以作及物动词，某些动词短语以及介词的宾语。下列动词(短语)常接动名词作宾语
advise, suggest, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep (on), mind, practice, =miss, fancy, allow, permit, risk, give up, insist on, think of(about), dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, be / get / become used / accustomed to, can’t / couldn’t stand / bear, can’t / couldn’t help, prevent / stop / keep...from doing, look forward to...+ doing(主语做的动作) sth.
+one’s doing(不是主语做的动作) sth
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
非谓语动词用法
②it作形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语的句型结构
think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
③下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词(doing)作宾语，又可接动词不定式(to do)作宾语，但意义上有区别
非谓语动词用法
mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做)；
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做);
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)；
regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事
(3)作表语:表示经常性，习惯性的行为
Her job is washing and cooking.
My job is teaching you English.
(4)作定语: 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途和功能, 在意义上相当于“ 名词+for+doing”
a walking stick = a stick for walking
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming
非谓语动词用法
(1)作定语: ①作定语的及物动词的分词形式为: doing, being done, done,
非谓语动词用法
4）分词（doing / done）的用法
doing 与被修饰的名词(逻辑主语)之间是主动关系
being done 与被修饰的名词(逻辑主语)之间是被动关系且该分词动作表进行
done 与被修饰的名词之间(逻辑主语)是被动关系且该分词动作已完成
There was a girl __________ (stand) under the tree.
The house _________ (build) are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s
The sleeping child is only five years old.
②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing和done, doing表正在进行，done表已经完成
boiling water: 沸腾的水； boiled water：开水
非谓语动词用法
standing
being built
(2)作状语: 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等词连用
非谓语动词用法
doing 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且与谓语动词同时发生。
having done 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 发生在谓语动词之前
done 与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且与谓语动词同时发生
having been done 与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 发生在谓语动词之前
Hearing the news, they got excited. (原因)
His father died, leaving the family worse off. (结果)
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may grow into international stars on day. (条件)
非谓语动词用法
特别提示:
部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动，也不表完成，而表一种状态。常见的有:located(坐落于); lost(迷路的); seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost / absorbed / burried in(沉浸于), dressed in (穿着), faced with(面对着)
Located in the center of the city, the tower the tower is popular among people.
非谓语动词用法
1. When _______ (offer) help, one often says “ Thank you” or “It’s kind of you.
2. ____________ (smoke) too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
3. Generally speaking, if ________ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
4. He glanced at her, ______ (note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
非谓语动词用法
offered
Having smoked
taken
noting
(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾补有四种形式,以see为例：
see +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
非谓语动词用法
5）非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)，使役动词的宾补
doing sth. 看见...正在做...
do sth. 看见...做了某事
being done: 看见...正在被做
done: 看见...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
(2)使役动词make, let, have, get, leave
①make +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
The teacher made some students ____ (stay) in the class room.
He tried to make himself _________ (understand).
②let+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
Let the work __________(finish) immediately.
Don’t let your children _____(play) matches.
非谓语动词用法
do...: 让...做...
done...: 让...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
do...: 让...做...
be done...: 让...被做
stay
understood
be finished
play
③have+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
非谓语动词用法
do...: 让...做...
done...: 让...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
doing sth. : 使...持续做某事
He had the computer _______(work) all the night.
He had his wallet ______ (steal) on his way home.
working
stolen
④get +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
to do sth. : 让... 做某事
doing sth. : 使...持续做某事
done：使...被做
He got her bike __________(run) very fast.
I’ll get my bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.
running
repaired
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等，也可以作定语。
(1) n. / pron.(主格) +非谓语动词[ to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]
Weather __________ (permit), we shall play the match tomorrow.
Enough time ______(give), she will surely do the job better.
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one _________ (come out)
非谓语动词用法
6）独立主格结构
非谓语动词的逻辑主语
permitting
given
to come out
(2)with / without + 宾语[n. / pron.(宾格)]+宾补[adj. / adv. / 介词短语/ 非谓语动词to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]
With the crowds _______ (cheer), they drove to the palace.
Keep the injured with his head ____(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency.
With a lot of work _____ (do), he wasn’t allowed to go out.
非谓语动词用法
cheering
held
to do
(3)n. / pron.(主格) +(being)+adj. / adv.
Summer holidays (being) over, students return to school.
(4) n. / pron.(主格) +介词短语
Sword in hand, I followed him here and climbed in.
(5) There / It being + n. / pron. / adj.
It being fine, we can go to the beach.
非谓语动词用法
be busy / occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花时间或金钱做某事
have difficulty / trouble / a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难/ 麻烦
have fun / a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
there is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是无意义的
have no choice / alternative but to do sth
非谓语动词用法
7）非谓语动词的一些常用结构
can’t choose but do
can do nothing but do
can’t help but do
have nothing to do but do
might as well do: 倒不如做某事，不妨做某事
had better do: 最好做某事
on (one’s) doing: 一...就...
非谓语动词用法
generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging by/ from; supposing...
非谓语动词用法
8）有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑主语，
作为习惯用语:
to be honest, to be sure, to tell you the truth, to be frank,
to make matters / things worse...
非谓语动词用法
9）有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，
在句中作独立成分。
1. (2025年新课标1卷) We hope 58. ________ (present) the rather abstract Go game...
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望呈现出更加抽象的围棋比赛... 根据句意和hope可知，考查hope to do “希望做某事”, to do不定式作hope的宾语，故填to present.
真题再现
to present
2. (2025年新课标2卷) Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 42. ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着慢慢长大，我的家人和邻居们从来不使用晾衣绳晾干衣服，剥夺了我去发现阳光的一大奇迹的机会。根据句意和the chance可知，考查chance to do “做某事的机会”, to do不定式作chance的后置定语，故填to discover.
真题再现
to discover
3. (2024年新课标1卷) These sepals open on warm days 58. ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：天气暖和的时候，这些萼片是开着的，目的是给里面的植被阳光和新鲜空气。根据句意可知，考查to do 作目的状语, 故填to give。
真题再现
to give
4. (2024年北京卷) And when 16. ________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问到关于他的新标题时，他分享了这个秘密: 适度。根据句意可知，考查过去分词作状语, 与逻辑主语he在逻辑关系上表被动，故填asked。
真题再现
asked
5. (2024年全国甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41. ______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有各种类型的公园，但是国家公园特别吸引我的注意力，因为它的面积达，种类多。根据句意和tend可知，考查to do作tend的宾语，tend to do: 倾向于做某事，故填to catch。
真题再现
to catch
6. (2023年全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 56. ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：数千年以来，人们讲述的寓言故事是为了说教或传递智慧。根据句意可知，考查to do作目的状语, 故填to teach。
真题再现
to teach
7. (2022年全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 58. ______(hold) in Bejing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，向古代丝绸之路致敬。根据句意可知，考查过去分词作后置定语, hold与其逻辑主语Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间表被动，故填held。
真题再现
held
8. (2021课标全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of 7. _______ (visit) the place.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：减少参观该地的影响。根据句意和介词of可知，考查介词后加动名词作宾语，故填visiting。
真题再现
visiting
9. (2021课标全国甲卷) It is possible 3.________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：步行或骑车整整14公里是可能的。根据句意可知，考查it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语，故填to walk。
真题再现
to walk
10. (2020新课标全国2卷) They make great gifts and you see them many times 5. _________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们制作礼物，且很多时候你可以看到这些礼物是由红色信封和有祝福语的信息装饰而成。根据句意可知，考查see+宾语+宾补，宾语(them)和宾补(decorate)之间在逻辑关系式表被动，故填decorated。
真题再现
decorated
再见
高考一轮复习（英语)
语法之非谓语动词
（Non-finite-verb)
非谓语动词的三基本形式:
to do(不定式), doing(现在分词 / 动名词), done(过去分词)
基本用法:
to do: 表将来表目的;
doing: 表主动表进行;
done: 表被动表完成
非谓语动词
动词的两个基本用法：谓语(形式多样化)和非谓语
1. Leaving a store, I returned to my car only to find I had locked my keys and cell phone inside.
2. He says that when it comes to learning Chinese, writing comes first.
3. Getting your children to stop lying is challenging.
4. The first step toward overcoming anything is to become aware of it.
非谓语动词
判断句子中的动词是谓语还是非谓语
1. 分析句子成分，找出所有动词，根据动词形式确定所设空格是谓语动词还是非谓语动词
(看动词与动词或句子与句子之间有无连接词 / 引导词)
2. 找出相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动)
3.搜索句子中的相关时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
非谓语动词
非谓语动词的解题方法
1）不定式（to do）的形式
非谓语动词用法
不定式 主动语态 被动语态 与谓语动词的关系
一般式 to do not to do: 否定形式 to be done not to be done 动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式 to be doing not to be doing 与谓语动作同时发生
完成式 to have done not to have done to have been done not to have been done 动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式 to have been doing not to have been doing 发生在谓语动词之前并且持续到谓语动词发生时仍在进行
(1)作主语:表示具体的、一次性或尚未完成的动作。常用it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语。
To see is to believe. (to do 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数)
非谓语动词用法
2）不定式（to do）的用法
注意: it作形式主语, to do 不定式作真正的主语的句式。
It be+adj.(描写不定式动作的特征或特点) + (for sb.) + to do sth.
It be + adj.(侧重于评价人物的特性，特征) + of sb. to do sth.
It is / was / seems / appears + n.(pity, pleasure, idea...) to do sth.
It takes / took sb. +时间段 to do sth.
非谓语动词用法
kind, nice, foolish, generous, brave, polite, wise...
It is right (for you) _______________ (give up).
It is generous of him ______________ (contribute) so much.
It is a great pleasure ________ (talk) with you.
It took me three hours _______ (finish) the task.
非谓语动词用法
to give up
to contribute
to talk
to finish
(2) 作表语: 表示将来的具体动作或状态
My dream （wish/ goal...)is ______ (enter) Peking University.
(3)作宾语: ①常用不定式作宾语(v. + to do)的动词有: afford, agree, determine, decide, refuse, expect, hope, manage, want, fail, wish, pretend, promise, happen, would like, offer, choose, plan, learn....
非谓语动词用法
to enter
Soon the villagers couldn’t afford _______ (buy) food for themselves.
I managed _____ (get) the ironing done this morning.
②动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise,
wonder, find out...常接疑问词(when, what, which, how, where..)
+to do (作宾语)
Please show me how to do that.
I can’t decide which to buy.
非谓语动词用法
to buy
to get
③ it作形式宾语,to do不定式作真正的宾语的句型
think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + n. / adj.(宾补) + to do(真正的宾语)
I find it pleasant ________ (work) with him.
They felt it difficult _______ (finish) the work in such a short time.
She thinks it her duty ________(help) us.
I think it my honor ____________ (invite) to speak here.
非谓语动词用法
to work
to finish
to help
to be invited
非谓语动词用法
(4)作补语:
宾补: ①常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+ 宾语+宾补)有:
want, advise, allow, permit, appoint, cause, command,urge, require, request, beg, order, ask, tell, warn, train, teach, instruct, persuade, encourage, challenge, forbid, force, invite, wish, remind, depend on, wait for, call on+宾语(n. / pron. )+ to do....
非谓语动词用法
②下列动词(在主动语态中)接省to不定式作宾语补足语
一感(feel), 二听(hear, listen to),三让(let, make, have), 五看(see, notice, observe, watch, look at), 半帮助(help), 在被动语态中要加to
Nobody saw him come in.
The thief was observed to enter the bank.
非谓语动词用法
主补：不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾(被动)关系时，不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。
This book is difficult ____________ (understand).
to understand
非谓语动词用法
(5)作定语:
①通常置于所修饰名词或代词后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓，动宾或同位语关系
He is not a man to tell a lie. (主谓关系)
I have an email to send.(动宾关系)
Dou you have the ability to read and write in English (同位语关系)
way to do sth. 做某事的方式
chance / opportunity to do sth.做某事的机会
plan(n.) to do 做某事的计划
非谓语动词用法
②序数词，形容词最高级，the only, the last 等后或被这些词修饰的名词后，常用不定式作定语( ...+to do / ...+n. to do)
She is always the first _______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).
It is one of the best theme parks _________ (become) more and more popular.
to come
to leave
to become
非谓语动词用法
(6)作状语:
功能 用法
原因状语 用于表示喜怒哀乐等的形容词后，以此说明产生这种情绪的原因，常用句型: 主语+系动词+adj. (happy, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointed, angry, surprised, ready, pleased....) to do
目的状语 常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do 不能置于句首
结果状语 1. 表示意想不到的结果: only to do....(通常指不好的结果)
2. 固定结构: too+ adj. / adv. to do sth. 太...而不能...
so / such ...as to do: 如此...以至于...
adj. + enough for sb. to do: 对某人来说做某事足够...
非谓语动词用法
I was happy ______ (hear) the news.
_______ (meet) the movie star I got up very early.
I rushed to school, only ______ (find) nobody was there.
He was so excited as _____ (be) unable to speak.
The ice is thick enough ______ (walk) on.
The case was too heavy ___________ (carry) by a child.
to hear
To meet
to find
to be
to walk
to be carried
(原因状语)
(目的状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(结果状语)
(1) 作主语: 动名词作主语表示习惯性，经常性的动作。
同时也要注意it作形式主语，动名词做真正的主语的用法.
Playing with others helps them learn how to get along with all kinds of people.
非谓语动词用法
3）动名词（doing）的用法
(动名词[短语]作主语谓语动词用单数)
it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语的句型结构
It is / was good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...
It is a waste of time talking to her any more.
It is no use arguing about the matter with him.
It is senseless attempting the impossible things.
非谓语动词用法
(2)作宾语: ① 动名词可以作及物动词，某些动词短语以及介词的宾语。下列动词(短语)常接动名词作宾语
advise, suggest, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep (on), mind, practice, =miss, fancy, allow, permit, risk, give up, insist on, think of(about), dream of, hear of, depend on, feel like, be / get / become used / accustomed to, can’t / couldn’t stand / bear, can’t / couldn’t help, prevent / stop / keep...from doing, look forward to...+ doing(主语做的动作) sth.
+one’s doing(不是主语做的动作) sth
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
非谓语动词用法
②it作形式宾语，动名词作真正的宾语的句型结构
think / feel / find / make / consider / regard ... + it(形式宾语) + good / no good / no use (= useless) / a waste of / senseless / fun... + doing...
The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
③下列动词(短语)既可以接动名词(doing)作宾语，又可接动词不定式(to do)作宾语，但意义上有区别
非谓语动词用法
mean to do sth. 打算做某事； mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事(未做)；
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth. 记得去做某事(未做);
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(已做)
regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)；
regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔(已做)
try to do sth. 努力做某事； try doing sth. 尝试做某事
go on to do sth. 继续做另一件事； go on doing sth. 继续做原来做的事
(3)作表语:表示经常性，习惯性的行为
Her job is washing and cooking.
My job is teaching you English.
(4)作定语: 动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰名词的用途和功能, 在意义上相当于“ 名词+for+doing”
a walking stick = a stick for walking
a swimming pool = a pool for swimming
非谓语动词用法
(1)作定语: ①作定语的及物动词的分词形式为: doing, being done, done,
非谓语动词用法
4）分词（doing / done）的用法
doing 与被修饰的名词(逻辑主语)之间是主动关系
being done 与被修饰的名词(逻辑主语)之间是被动关系且该分词动作表进行
done 与被修饰的名词之间(逻辑主语)是被动关系且该分词动作已完成
There was a girl __________ (stand) under the tree.
The house _________ (build) are for the teachers.
The broken glass is Tom’s
The sleeping child is only five years old.
②作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为 doing和done, doing表正在进行，done表已经完成
boiling water: 沸腾的水； boiled water：开水
非谓语动词用法
standing
being built
(2)作状语: 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。可以表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，行为方式，伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等词连用
非谓语动词用法
doing 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 且与谓语动词同时发生。
having done 与逻辑主语之间是主动关系, 发生在谓语动词之前
done 与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 且与谓语动词同时发生
having been done 与逻辑主语之间是被动关系, 发生在谓语动词之前
Hearing the news, they got excited. (原因)
His father died, leaving the family worse off. (结果)
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may grow into international stars on day. (条件)
非谓语动词用法
特别提示:
部分过去分词源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动，也不表完成，而表一种状态。常见的有:located(坐落于); lost(迷路的); seated(坐着的), hidden(隐藏的), lost / absorbed / burried in(沉浸于), dressed in (穿着), faced with(面对着)
Located in the center of the city, the tower the tower is popular among people.
非谓语动词用法
1. When _______ (offer) help, one often says “ Thank you” or “It’s kind of you.
2. ____________ (smoke) too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.
3. Generally speaking, if ________ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.
4. He glanced at her, ______ (note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together.
非谓语动词用法
offered
Having smoked
taken
noting
(1)感官动词see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾补有四种形式,以see为例：
see +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
非谓语动词用法
5）非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)，使役动词的宾补
doing sth. 看见...正在做...
do sth. 看见...做了某事
being done: 看见...正在被做
done: 看见...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
I’d like to see the plan carried out.
(2)使役动词make, let, have, get, leave
①make +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
The teacher made some students ____ (stay) in the class room.
He tried to make himself _________ (understand).
②let+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
Let the work __________(finish) immediately.
Don’t let your children _____(play) matches.
非谓语动词用法
do...: 让...做...
done...: 让...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
do...: 让...做...
be done...: 让...被做
stay
understood
be finished
play
③have+宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
非谓语动词用法
do...: 让...做...
done...: 让...被做
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表主动
宾语和宾补在逻辑关系上表被动
doing sth. : 使...持续做某事
He had the computer _______(work) all the night.
He had his wallet ______ (steal) on his way home.
working
stolen
④get +宾语(n. / pron.)+宾补
to do sth. : 让... 做某事
doing sth. : 使...持续做某事
done：使...被做
He got her bike __________(run) very fast.
I’ll get my bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.
running
repaired
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等，也可以作定语。
(1) n. / pron.(主格) +非谓语动词[ to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]
Weather __________ (permit), we shall play the match tomorrow.
Enough time ______(give), she will surely do the job better.
Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one _________ (come out)
非谓语动词用法
6）独立主格结构
非谓语动词的逻辑主语
permitting
given
to come out
(2)with / without + 宾语[n. / pron.(宾格)]+宾补[adj. / adv. / 介词短语/ 非谓语动词to do(表示动作未发生); doing(与逻辑主语表主动关系); done(与逻辑主语表被动关系)]
With the crowds _______ (cheer), they drove to the palace.
Keep the injured with his head ____(hold) straight while someone calls for emergency.
With a lot of work _____ (do), he wasn’t allowed to go out.
非谓语动词用法
cheering
held
to do
(3)n. / pron.(主格) +(being)+adj. / adv.
Summer holidays (being) over, students return to school.
(4) n. / pron.(主格) +介词短语
Sword in hand, I followed him here and climbed in.
(5) There / It being + n. / pron. / adj.
It being fine, we can go to the beach.
非谓语动词用法
be busy / occupied (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事
spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花时间或金钱做某事
have difficulty / trouble / a hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难/ 麻烦
have fun / a good time (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心
there is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是无意义的
have no choice / alternative but to do sth
非谓语动词用法
7）非谓语动词的一些常用结构
can’t choose but do
can do nothing but do
can’t help but do
have nothing to do but do
might as well do: 倒不如做某事，不妨做某事
had better do: 最好做某事
on (one’s) doing: 一...就...
非谓语动词用法
generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging by/ from; supposing...
非谓语动词用法
8）有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句中没有逻辑主语，
作为习惯用语:
to be honest, to be sure, to tell you the truth, to be frank,
to make matters / things worse...
非谓语动词用法
9）有些固定短语是带to的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，
在句中作独立成分。
1. (2025年新课标1卷) We hope 58. ________ (present) the rather abstract Go game...
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望呈现出更加抽象的围棋比赛... 根据句意和hope可知，考查hope to do “希望做某事”, to do不定式作hope的宾语，故填to present.
真题再现
to present
2. (2025年新课标2卷) Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 42. ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着慢慢长大，我的家人和邻居们从来不使用晾衣绳晾干衣服，剥夺了我去发现阳光的一大奇迹的机会。根据句意和the chance可知，考查chance to do “做某事的机会”, to do不定式作chance的后置定语，故填to discover.
真题再现
to discover
3. (2024年新课标1卷) These sepals open on warm days 58. ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：天气暖和的时候，这些萼片是开着的，目的是给里面的植被阳光和新鲜空气。根据句意可知，考查to do 作目的状语, 故填to give。
真题再现
to give
4. (2024年北京卷) And when 16. ________ (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度).
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问到关于他的新标题时，他分享了这个秘密: 适度。根据句意可知，考查过去分词作状语, 与逻辑主语he在逻辑关系上表被动，故填asked。
真题再现
asked
5. (2024年全国甲卷) Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 41. ______ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有各种类型的公园，但是国家公园特别吸引我的注意力，因为它的面积达，种类多。根据句意和tend可知，考查to do作tend的宾语，tend to do: 倾向于做某事，故填to catch。
真题再现
to catch
6. (2023年全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 56. ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：数千年以来，人们讲述的寓言故事是为了说教或传递智慧。根据句意可知，考查to do作目的状语, 故填to teach。
真题再现
to teach
7. (2022年全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 58. ______(hold) in Bejing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，向古代丝绸之路致敬。根据句意可知，考查过去分词作后置定语, hold与其逻辑主语Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation之间表被动，故填held。
真题再现
held
8. (2021课标全国乙卷) Minimize the impact of 7. _______ (visit) the place.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：减少参观该地的影响。根据句意和介词of可知，考查介词后加动名词作宾语，故填visiting。
真题再现
visiting
9. (2021课标全国甲卷) It is possible 3.________ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：步行或骑车整整14公里是可能的。根据句意可知，考查it作形式主语，to do不定式作真正的主语，故填to walk。
真题再现
to walk
10. (2020新课标全国2卷) They make great gifts and you see them many times 5. _________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
解析: 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们制作礼物，且很多时候你可以看到这些礼物是由红色信封和有祝福语的信息装饰而成。根据句意可知，考查see+宾语+宾补，宾语(them)和宾补(decorate)之间在逻辑关系式表被动，故填decorated。
真题再现
decorated
再见