(共16张PPT)
2025年英语高中衔接简单句的五种基本句型一、句子成分二、简单句的五种基本句型三、随堂检测一、句子成分
英语句子成分有八种:主、谓、宾、表、定、状、补+同位语。
主语(subject)、
谓语(predicate)、
宾语(object)、
定语(attribute)、
状语(adverbial)、
补语(complement)、
表语(predicative)、
同位语(appositive)
1. 主语(subject): 句子的“陈述对象”,通常为名词、代词、不定式、动名词、相当于名词的词组或者从句。位于动词前。
We go to school by bike.
Eating too much is bad for your health.
2. 宾语(object): 行为动作的对象,通常为名词、代词、动名词、不定式、介词短语或句子。位于动词后。(系动词除外)
◆直接宾语(direct object):所给予或告知的事物。
◆间接宾语(indirect object):接受或被告知事物的人。
I bought a ticket for you.
He gave his seats to an old person.
3. 表语(predicative): 说明主语的身份、特征、状态,通常为名词、代词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词短语或句子。位于系动词之后。
His father is sixty.
This is what I want to say.
系动词???
1)状态系动词,用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词
(am,is ,are,was,were,been,being)
eg:He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词,用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay。
eg:He always kept silent at meeting.
3)感官系动词,主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste, look。
eg:This flower smells very sweet.
4)变化系动词,表示主语变成什么样,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。
eg:He became mad after that.
系动词的分类:
4. 定语(attribute): 修饰限定名词或代词,通常为名词、形容词、代词、数词、动名词、分词、不定式等, 翻译为“....的”。可分为前置定语和后置定语。
5. 状语(adverbial): 用来修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、条件、方式、程度和伴随状语等.
I often eat breakfast at 7:00 in the morning.
We will go to the parkfor a picnic this weekend.
My mother is a doctor.
The girl near the car is my sister
6. 补语(complement): 起补充说明作用,包括主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement),通常为名词、动名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式、分词充当。
I found everything in good condition.
7. 同位语(appositive): 说明和解释另一个句子成分。
He heard the news that their team had won.
二、简单句的五种基本句型
一、 S+V (主谓)
二、 S+V+O (主谓宾)
三、 S+V+P (主系表)
四、 S+V+IO+DO (主谓+间宾+直宾)
五、 S+V+O+C (主谓宾+宾补)
一、S+Vi (主谓)
此句型中句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思,这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
eg:The sun rises.
The poor bird couldn’t fly.
此句型中谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
eg:She laughed at her friend。
二、S+Vt+O (主谓宾)
此句型中句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
三、S+V+P (主系表)
eg:1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. His face turned red.
特点:有些及物动词必须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。
四、S+Vt+IO+DO (主谓+间宾+直宾)
eg:The guide showed this house to Mr. Smith.
My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible.
特点:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个成分来补充说明宾语,才使意思完整。
五、S+Vt+O+C(主谓宾+宾补)
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。
eg:They call me Bob。
The song made him very happy。
划分下列句子的成分,并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。
1. Trees are green.
2.The girl came in quietly.
3.I found the book easy.
4.The rain stopped gradually.
5.He will arrive at 3 oclock.
6.I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.
7.He practices speaking English every day.
8.There are many people playing the games in the park.
9.He got through the window.
10.I painted the wall white.
三、随堂检测
Thank you
ByeBye