2026届高考英语二轮复习:句子成分和句子结构 课件(共42张PPT)

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名称 2026届高考英语二轮复习:句子成分和句子结构 课件(共42张PPT)
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更新时间 2025-10-06 17:48:42

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(共42张PPT)


成分
分类
05
01
02
03
04
二、八大句子成分
一、十大词类
三、句子的分类
五、练习
四、简单句的五大基本类型
目录
05
05
五、练习
五、复合句
一、十大词类
1.名词:表示人或事物的名称;
2.动词:表示动作或状态;
3.形容词:表示人或事物的性质或状态;
4.数词:表示数目或顺序;
5.代词:代替名词或数词等;
十大词类
6.副词:表示动作特征或性状特征;
7.冠词:表示名词的泛指或特指;
8.介词:表示名词或代词与其他词的关系;
9.连词:表示连接并列成分的词;
10.感叹词:表示说话时的感情或口气。
十大词类
动词的分类
二、八大句子成分
八大句子成分
句子的主干成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、补语;
句子的次要成分:定语、状语、插入语、同位语;
主语:
(1)是一个句子所要说明的人和事物;
(2)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事;
(3)是一句的主体;
(4)一般位于句首,但在there be 、疑问句(主语不是疑问词)、倒装句中,主语在谓语动词、助动词、情态动词之后。
主语可以由以下内容充当: 名词、代词、数词、 动名词、 不定式、词组或复合结构、从句、名词化的其他词类。
主语
主语
1)A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. 2)Who is speaking, please This is Jack speaking.
3)Two will be enough.
4)Smoking is very dangerous.
5)To see is to believe.
6)These difficulties overcome makes the rest easy.
7)Whether we’ll go depends on the weather. 8)The poor live a hard life.
谓语
谓语
1) The soup tastes good.
2) The boy is interested in playing PC games.
3) The boss made the workers work long hours.
4) He practises playing the piano every day.
5) They had finished the job when the boss came.
6) Record every word you hear.
7) He didn’t turn to me for help.
*在英语简单句中,只能有而且(一般情况下)必须有一个
谓语部分!
划出下列句子的谓语动词。
(1)它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的(动宾),如: I study English 中的English和He makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare time.
(2)介词后的名词或代词,叫做介词的宾语(介宾),如:
He went away with no words中的no words.
(3)一般位于及物动词或介词之后。 宾语可以由以下内容充当: 1. 名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不定式;6. 复合结构; 7. 从句;8. 名词化的形容词及其他词类。
宾语
1)She died a heroic death.
2)They didn’t promise him anything definite.
3)How many do you want We need two.
4)Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you.
5)Learn to play the piano.
6)I’ll get it stamped.
7)Did you write down what she said
8)He shows respect to the old.
宾语
表语
(1)它放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份、特征、性质、状态;
(2)一般位于系动词之后。如: That sounds a good idea中的 a good idea.
表语可以由以下内容充当:1.名词;2.代词;3.数词;4.形容词;5.分词;6.动名词; 7.不定式;8.副词;9.介词短语;10.从句。
表语
1)The masses are the real heroes.
2)That’s something we have always to keep in mind.
3)She was the first to learn about it.
4)Time is pressing. Let’s hurry up.
5)All I could do was sending him a telegram.
6)What I love is shopping.
7)To see is to believe.
8)He was away.
9)The flowers are in the field.
10)My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.
系动词
系动词:be以及能翻译成“……起来”或表示“变化”“保持”“似乎”等意思的动词;
连系动词是表示主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语。
(1)be类:is,am,are,was,were,have/has been;
(2)感官类:look(看起来),feel(觉得,摸起来),smell
(闻起来),sound (听起来),taste(尝起来);
(3)变化类:become, grow, turn, get, go;
(4)保持类:keep, remain, stay;
(5)似乎类:seem, appear.
(1)它用于修饰、限定名词或代词;
(2)一般可以翻译成“……的”。
定语可以由以下内容充当:1.名词;2.形容词;3.数词;4.介词短语;5.不定式; 6.分词;7.动名词 8.定语从句。若是词则多作前置定语,若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.名词作定语一般用单数,如apple trees、shoe shops。 另外,something important。
定语
定语
1)It is a shoe shop.
2)His warm words moved everyone.
3)We belong to the third world.
4)The students in the class are very happy.
5)There are two things to be discussed today. 6)They have a swimming pool.
7)This is indeed a most pressing problem.
8)I saw a bird which was eating a worm in the tree.
状语
1)Light travels most quickly.
2)He has lived in the city for ten years. 3)He came here to see me.
4)Feeling tired, he took a rest. 5)These days, we are very busy.
6)Once you begin, you must continue.
介词短语
副词及副词性词组
不定式短语
分词短语
名词短语
状语从句
状语的种类
How about meeting again at six 时间状语
Last night she didn’t came here because of the rain. 原因状语
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 条件状语
Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 地点状语
She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 方式状语
She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随状语
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的状语
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果状语
She works very hard though she is old. 让步状语
I am taller than he is. 比较状语
不及物动词不需要宾语的动词补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的,补足语可以由以下内容充当:1.名词;2.形容词;3.介词短语;
4.不定式 ; 5.分词(短语)。如I find it interesting中的interesting.
1)His father named him Dongdong. 名词2)They painted their boat white.形容词
3)Let the fresh air in.副词 4)You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.不定式 5)We saw her entering the room.分词 6)We found everything in the lab in good order.介词短语
补足语
把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后,对前面的名词或代词作进一步解释或补充说明,这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people love peace中的Chinese people是主语We的同位语。
1)You all should be punished.
2)She herself went there.
3)They each have an apple.
4)Our English teacher, Mr. Zhang, is very thin.
5)The news that he won the match was so exciting.
同位语
三、句子的分类
02
01
03
04
疑问句
感叹句
提出问题的句型
陈述事实或观点的句型
发出请求或命令的句型
祈使句
陈述句
表达强烈情感的句型
按句子功能分类
提供选项供选择的疑问句
用yes或no回答的疑问句
选择疑问句
一般疑问句
反义疑问句
要求具体信息的疑问句
提出相反可能性的疑问句
特殊疑问句
疑问句分类
并列句
由一个主语和一个谓语构成。
简单句
复合句
由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成
由两个或多个并列的主谓结构构成
按句子结构分类
四、简单句的五大基本类型
示例
句型结构
A fire broke out last night.
主语后跟一个不及物动词
主语+谓语(不及物动词)
主语后跟一个及物动词和一个宾语
I like music very much.
示例
句型结构
主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
主语后跟一个系动词和一个表语
示例
句型结构
The book is interesting.
主语+系动词+表语
主语后跟一个双宾动词、一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语
主语+谓语(双宾动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
Mother bought me a new pair of shoes.
示例
句型结构
双宾动词结构
We call him monkey.
示例
句型结构
主语后跟一个谓语、一个宾语和一个宾语补足语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
双宾语和复合宾语的区别
She sent me a gift.
She called me Dora.
五、复合句
形容词性从句(定语从句):在复合句中充当形容词修饰名词或代词的从句。
形容词性从句(定语从句)
名词性从句:在复合句中充当名词成分的从句。
名词性从句
副词性从句:在复合句中充当状语的从句。
副词性从句(状语从句)
表语从句
在复合句中充当主语的从句
对名词或代词进行解释或补充说明的从句
同位语从句
在复合句中充当表语的从句
宾语从句
主语从句
在复合句中充当宾语的从句
从句类型
条件状语从句
地点状语从句
结果状语从句
时间状语从句
目的状语从句
方式状语从句
比较状语从句
原因状语从句
让步状语从句
状语从句分类
Homework
Review the learned content and finish the homework in the worksheet accordingly.
Thanks for Listening!