2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分句子结构 课件(共29张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分句子结构 课件(共29张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-06 17:49:43 | ||
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文档简介
(共29张PPT)
高衔接（二）
英语句子成分
一、句子成分的含义及重要性
1. 定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。分为主干成分（主语、谓语、宾语/表语）和修饰成分（补语、状语、定语、同位语）。
2. 重要性
思考：下列句子，生词已经标出，为啥句子还是读不太懂？
Communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate(集中注意力) or show kindness to others. (选自北师大版必修二U4 L3)
Students record short entries(参赛作品) after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective(有效的). (选自2024年北京高考A篇)
一、句子成分的含义及重要性
Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo(禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practise. (选自2024年北京高考B篇)
Searching the term “simulation hypothesis”(模拟假说) returns numerous(很多的) results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept(概念) that some scientists actually take seriously. (选自2024年北京高考C篇)
学会划分句子成分，断句，从而更好理解长难句！
1. 主语
1) 定义：主语是“动作的发出者”或者“句子表述的对象”。
二、各类句子成分
2）读例句，分析主语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子：
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Learning a foreign language brings many benefits to our brain.
Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（从句）
特殊情况
It is important to remember that you are not alone in this difficult period of time.
There are a lot of posts on social media.
3）练习：划出主语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
Images cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
Six is my lucky number.
We are all connected by the Internet.
To post our daily lives on social media may not be a good choice.
Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact.
What we said online may not express our meaning accurately.
It is certain that the First Industrial Revolution(第一次工业革命) has changed our lives.
2. 谓语
1) 定义：谓语主要用来表明主语发出的动作，或陈述主语的状态。
2) 读例句，划出谓语，并翻译句子
Now, she feels very happy.
Yesterday, she came up with a better idea to solve the problem.
A building will be built beside the park.
Look! Tom is playing basketball and Cai Xukun is singing and dancing.
She has already finished her homework.
单宾语
She didn't say anything.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Very few people knew that future avatars(头像) would have more forms and uses.
Finally, we found out the best way of improving students’ English listening.
She is reading a book about how to write a story.
（词）
（词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（从句）
3. 宾语
1）定义：宾语表示动作的承受者。一般位于及物动词和介词后面。分为单宾语、双宾语。
双宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his mother some flowers.
me
some books
3）练习：划出宾语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
Images cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
There are so many books in the library. I want to borrow two.
Did you write down what he said
She decided to go to Shanghai in the upcoming summer vacation.
They discussed the project with their manager.
He practices speaking English by watching movies.
4. 补语（三段式）
1）定义：
主语补足语是对主语的补充, 说明主语是什么, 以及说明主语的行为、性质和状态的句子成分。
2）例句
The chairs /are usually thought as/ having four legs.
The news/ is considered as /fake.
The door /was found /broken.
The students/ are often heard /singing English songs.
The little girl /has been made/ what he is.
4. 补语（三段式）
宾语补足语（宾补）
1）定义：宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等的句子成分。
2）例句
People call /us /digital natives.
My family swept/ the dirt/ away.
The Internet makes /communication /much more convenient.
I find /him/ sitting on the bench.
I heard/ her /singing in the hall.
Well, say you leave /the tap /running while you brush your teeth.
4. 补语（三段式）
We have to get/ it /done tonight.
He got /the crowd /cheering.
She got/ him/ to apologize.
He made /his point /understood.
Mom made/ me /clean my room.
Please keep/ the door /locked at night.
Her story kept /us /laughing all night.
We should allow/ the children /to choose their own clothes.
Social skills enable/ us/ to develop lifelong friendships.
5. 表语
1）定义：表语其实就是be动词或者某些特定动词（look, taste, feel, smell, sound, grow, go, get, become, turn, keep, stay, remain, seem, appear）后边的内容。
2) 读例句，划出表语，并翻译句子
Whether we can create the best avatar is not the most important thing.
Searching for information on the Internet is common for teenagers like us.
The book is there.
His goal is to create the best avatar in his class.
The dress looks good on you.
The weather has turned cold.
He remained silent.
There are many ways to keep fit.
6. 定语
1）定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的一种句子成分。
2）例句，分析定语可以由什么充当：
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
Who is responsible for the broken window
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(动名词)
(从句)
3）练习：划出定语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
① The tennis match was interrupted by a storm.
② Online friendships may not be what they appear to be.
③ Students should adapt to the rapidly changing world.
④ Going online can be dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.
⑤ You can find many videos on TikTok giving suggestions on learning English.
7. 状语
1）定义：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句子成分。可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
2）读例句，分析状语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子
3）练习：划出状语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（时间）
（原因）
（条件）
（地点）
（方式）
（伴随）
（目的）
（结果）
（让步）
（比较）
8. 同位语
1) 定义：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
2）读例句，分析状语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子
① This is my friend Lily.
② Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
③ Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
④ We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
⑤ The news that he will come back is true.
3）练习：划出定语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
The novel Harry Potter, a popular book worldwide, has been translated into many languages.
The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.
My friend Lily, a talented artist, painted this beautiful picture.
Her suggestion that we leave early was a good idea.
进阶思考：一个英语句子中，除了谓语，其他各成分都可以由词、短语、或者从句充当。如果是从句充当的话，从句内至少会有一套主谓结构；最终，句子就酱紫变长、变复杂了。现在回看本课开头的几句话，是否能划分出句子，进行断句，理解其意思？
Passage 1
The online world is a big part of my life. I’m a “digital native” — I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid.
I do a wide range of things online. Besides doing all my school work, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles; I also shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. I also play computer games from time to time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room!
My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”. They think I’m playing computer games all the time and I chat too much with online friends. According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends. My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. Maybe she’s right. It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting.
三、 综合练习
认真阅读下列文段，通过分析句子成分，翻译句子意思。
Passage 2
Senior secondary school is a new start. Studying is definitely a big part of my life. I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of the term. My aim is to do well in every subject this term. Science is my favourite subject, and my biggest target is to prepare myself for my degree in science in university. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.
I like reading books of all kinds. I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. Meanwhile, I’m an active member of my school’s long-distance running team and volunteering club. It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.
To achieve all I want to, I must use my time well. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day. For example, it usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, every minute counts!
三、 综合练习
单句语法填空
Why
to pay
came
have read
was made
why
saying
healthy
discussions
eating
in
amazingly
arrived
三、 综合练习
段落语法填空
to learn
brings
studying
improving
memorizing
using
helpful
practicing
三、 综合练习
段落语法填空
who/that
carefully
asking
when
importance
discussing
to face
when
to become
高衔接（二）
英语句子成分
一、句子成分的含义及重要性
1. 定义
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。分为主干成分（主语、谓语、宾语/表语）和修饰成分（补语、状语、定语、同位语）。
2. 重要性
思考：下列句子，生词已经标出，为啥句子还是读不太懂？
Communicating through a screen makes it more difficult for children to concentrate(集中注意力) or show kindness to others. (选自北师大版必修二U4 L3)
Students record short entries(参赛作品) after each partner meeting noting the language skills practised and the topics discussed. Each pair of students meets three times throughout the term with a teacher who decides if the exchange is effective(有效的). (选自2024年北京高考A篇)
一、句子成分的含义及重要性
Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo(禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practise. (选自2024年北京高考B篇)
Searching the term “simulation hypothesis”(模拟假说) returns numerous(很多的) results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation—a concept(概念) that some scientists actually take seriously. (选自2024年北京高考C篇)
学会划分句子成分，断句，从而更好理解长难句！
1. 主语
1) 定义：主语是“动作的发出者”或者“句子表述的对象”。
二、各类句子成分
2）读例句，分析主语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子：
Jane is playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Learning a foreign language brings many benefits to our brain.
Where we’ll spend our holiday hasn’t been decided.
（名词）
（代词）
（数词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（从句）
特殊情况
It is important to remember that you are not alone in this difficult period of time.
There are a lot of posts on social media.
3）练习：划出主语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
Images cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
Six is my lucky number.
We are all connected by the Internet.
To post our daily lives on social media may not be a good choice.
Talking online is no replacement for face-to-face contact.
What we said online may not express our meaning accurately.
It is certain that the First Industrial Revolution(第一次工业革命) has changed our lives.
2. 谓语
1) 定义：谓语主要用来表明主语发出的动作，或陈述主语的状态。
2) 读例句，划出谓语，并翻译句子
Now, she feels very happy.
Yesterday, she came up with a better idea to solve the problem.
A building will be built beside the park.
Look! Tom is playing basketball and Cai Xukun is singing and dancing.
She has already finished her homework.
单宾语
She didn't say anything.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Very few people knew that future avatars(头像) would have more forms and uses.
Finally, we found out the best way of improving students’ English listening.
She is reading a book about how to write a story.
（词）
（词）
（不定式）
（动名词）
（从句）
3. 宾语
1）定义：宾语表示动作的承受者。一般位于及物动词和介词后面。分为单宾语、双宾语。
双宾语
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought his mother some flowers.
me
some books
3）练习：划出宾语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
Images cannot replace a real-life smile or hug.
There are so many books in the library. I want to borrow two.
Did you write down what he said
She decided to go to Shanghai in the upcoming summer vacation.
They discussed the project with their manager.
He practices speaking English by watching movies.
4. 补语（三段式）
1）定义：
主语补足语是对主语的补充, 说明主语是什么, 以及说明主语的行为、性质和状态的句子成分。
2）例句
The chairs /are usually thought as/ having four legs.
The news/ is considered as /fake.
The door /was found /broken.
The students/ are often heard /singing English songs.
The little girl /has been made/ what he is.
4. 补语（三段式）
宾语补足语（宾补）
1）定义：宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等的句子成分。
2）例句
People call /us /digital natives.
My family swept/ the dirt/ away.
The Internet makes /communication /much more convenient.
I find /him/ sitting on the bench.
I heard/ her /singing in the hall.
Well, say you leave /the tap /running while you brush your teeth.
4. 补语（三段式）
We have to get/ it /done tonight.
He got /the crowd /cheering.
She got/ him/ to apologize.
He made /his point /understood.
Mom made/ me /clean my room.
Please keep/ the door /locked at night.
Her story kept /us /laughing all night.
We should allow/ the children /to choose their own clothes.
Social skills enable/ us/ to develop lifelong friendships.
5. 表语
1）定义：表语其实就是be动词或者某些特定动词（look, taste, feel, smell, sound, grow, go, get, become, turn, keep, stay, remain, seem, appear）后边的内容。
2) 读例句，划出表语，并翻译句子
Whether we can create the best avatar is not the most important thing.
Searching for information on the Internet is common for teenagers like us.
The book is there.
His goal is to create the best avatar in his class.
The dress looks good on you.
The weather has turned cold.
He remained silent.
There are many ways to keep fit.
6. 定语
1）定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的一种句子成分。
2）例句，分析定语可以由什么充当：
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel factory.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you know betty’s sister
He bought some sleeping pills.
Who is responsible for the broken window
The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(过去分词)
(动名词)
(从句)
3）练习：划出定语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
① The tennis match was interrupted by a storm.
② Online friendships may not be what they appear to be.
③ Students should adapt to the rapidly changing world.
④ Going online can be dangerous for people who are easily influenced or too trusting.
⑤ You can find many videos on TikTok giving suggestions on learning English.
7. 状语
1）定义：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句子成分。可以修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
2）读例句，分析状语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子
3）练习：划出状语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
How about meeting again at six
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
She works very hard though she is old.
I am taller than he is.
（时间）
（原因）
（条件）
（地点）
（方式）
（伴随）
（目的）
（结果）
（让步）
（比较）
8. 同位语
1) 定义：当两个词或词组在一个句子中具有相同的语法地位而且描述相同的人或事物时，我们称它们为同位语。
2）读例句，分析状语可以由什么充当，并翻译句子
① This is my friend Lily.
② Yesterday, I met Tom, Lucy’s brother.
③ Ms. Li, our English teacher, is kind and patient.
④ We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
⑤ The news that he will come back is true.
3）练习：划出定语，判断其由什么充当，并翻译句子
The novel Harry Potter, a popular book worldwide, has been translated into many languages.
The fact that she passed the exam surprised everyone.
My friend Lily, a talented artist, painted this beautiful picture.
Her suggestion that we leave early was a good idea.
进阶思考：一个英语句子中，除了谓语，其他各成分都可以由词、短语、或者从句充当。如果是从句充当的话，从句内至少会有一套主谓结构；最终，句子就酱紫变长、变复杂了。现在回看本课开头的几句话，是否能划分出句子，进行断句，理解其意思？
Passage 1
The online world is a big part of my life. I’m a “digital native” — I’ve been using the computer since I was a kid.
I do a wide range of things online. Besides doing all my school work, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles; I also shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. It’s so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. I also play computer games from time to time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room!
My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”. They think I’m playing computer games all the time and I chat too much with online friends. According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends. My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. Maybe she’s right. It’s important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting.
三、 综合练习
认真阅读下列文段，通过分析句子成分，翻译句子意思。
Passage 2
Senior secondary school is a new start. Studying is definitely a big part of my life. I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of the term. My aim is to do well in every subject this term. Science is my favourite subject, and my biggest target is to prepare myself for my degree in science in university. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school.
I like reading books of all kinds. I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. Meanwhile, I’m an active member of my school’s long-distance running team and volunteering club. It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together.
To achieve all I want to, I must use my time well. At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day. For example, it usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. I often use the time to review English words. As the popular saying goes, every minute counts!
三、 综合练习
单句语法填空
Why
to pay
came
have read
was made
why
saying
healthy
discussions
eating
in
amazingly
arrived
三、 综合练习
段落语法填空
to learn
brings
studying
improving
memorizing
using
helpful
practicing
三、 综合练习
段落语法填空
who/that
carefully
asking
when
importance
discussing
to face
when
to become