2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和五大基本句型课件(共38张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮复习：句子成分和五大基本句型课件(共38张PPT) |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2025-10-07 09:41:55 | ||
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(共38张PPT)
英语基础知识
Basic knowledge of English
2025
01
单词的词性
Part of Speech
n.
v.
vt.
vi.
modal v
aux. v.
What are they
adj.
adv.
pron.
prep.
conj.
num.
1. 主要词类&词性
实词
虚词
名词 (noun)
代词(Possessive Pronouns)
形容词 (adjective)
副词 (adverb)
动词 (verb)
数词(numeral)
冠词（article）
介词 (preposition)
连词 (conjunction)
助动词 (auxiliary)（含情态动词）
名形动副，介连冠代
词性 定义（通俗版） 例子 位置/用途
名词 n. 表示“人、事、物”的词 a book, water, quick runner one egg in the room a/an/the + 名词(n.)
形容词（adj.）+ 名词(n.)
数词+名词(n.)
介词+名词(n.)
代词pron. 代替名词的词 we, you, they, her, this, some, all, what 避免名词重复
动词 v. 表示动作或状态的词 run, is, make, be, get, keep,marry 句子的核心动作，通常做谓语。
及物动词必须有宾语
不及物动词不能跟宾语
形容词adj. 修饰名词“什么样”的词 happy, round, brown, 形容词（adj.）+ 名词(n.)
系动词+形容词
做补语
副词adv. 修饰名词以外的所有词，包括副词本身。通常交代时间、地点、原因、程度等。 fast, well, quickly 常放在动词后
介词prep. 名词之前，表明其后的名词与别的词之间的关系（位置关系，时间关系,逻辑关系）。 in, on, with, by, 后接名词或代词
词性 定义（通俗版） 例子 位置/用途
冠词 (art.) 与名词一起出现，起限定作用。 ①不定冠词a/an，表泛指 ②定冠词the, 表特指 冠词+(形容词)+名词
连词 (conj.) 连接两个词语、短语或句子,分为并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词: and, but, however, or, so, therefore … 从属连词: that, if, whether, when, since, as..
词语+连词+词语
短语+连词+短语
句子+连词+句子
连词+句子+句子
感叹词 (int.) 表示感情的词 oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)
数词(num.) 表示“多少”和“第几”（基数词、序数词） me, two, three, first, second, third, fourth
拓展延伸— 名词的替身——代词pron.
人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he she it him her it they them
1.人称代词的人称、数和格如下表所示：
n.
v.
vt.
vi.
modal v
aux. v.
adj.
adv.
pron.
conj.
prep.
num.
你记住了吗？赛一赛
名词 形容词
动词 副词
介词
Members of sentences(句子的成分)
成分
a.主语
含义 例句
动作或状态的执行者 Bears will sometimes explore urban areas for food.
She was a very strong leader in some team activities.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
主语从句：
What you have said might hurt his feelings.
句子成分
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
非谓语
句子
一、在主语（subject)下划线
1. He and I are old friends.
2. To find your way can be a problem.
3. Smoking is bad for your health.
4. What you said is sound.
5. It is clear that they won’t give us support.
成分
谓语
含义 例句
描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态 Colleges want well-rounded people.
We donated 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
动词
（动词短语）
词性&句子成分
二、在谓语（predicate)下面划线
1. I like English very much and I can speak it.
2. Our team were beaten by their team.
3. I have been teaching for fifteen years.
4. Did you understand what he said at the meeting
5. I don’t happen to know.
6. He put on his coat, took an umbrella and went out .
Practice makes perfect.
找出句子的主语
The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
找出句子的谓语
All of us considered him honest.
We will make our school more beautiful.
We must do whatever the people wants us to do.
简单谓语
复合谓语
复合谓语
成分
宾语
含义 例句
动作的接受者 His wife has a strong personality.
We need to adopt an effective strategy to achieve it.
I love you so much; I just don’t like you anymore.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
宾语从句：Only you can decide who is the best choice.
句子
非谓语
三、在宾语（object)宾语下面划线
1. Our team beat all the other teams.
2. What does it mean
3. Remember to buy some apples, will you
4. He stopped smoking last week.
5. Do you understand what I mean
6. They find it hard to get on with him.
成分
表语
含义 例句
在系动词后面，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。 I am a high school freshman.
The exchange rate is important for anyone wanting to travel to or study in a foreign country.
The book whose cover is red is mine.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
代词
表语从句：This was where we hold the dance party last time.
词性&句子成分
句子
非谓语
变化类: turn/become/go/grow/get
保持类: keep/remain/stay
感官类: feel/sound/taste…
be动词: am/are/is/was/were…
系动词
表“像是…”类: appear/seem…
词性&句子成分
四、在表语（predicative)下面划线
1. I am an English teacher.
3. The skirt looks beautiful.(sound, feel, smell, taste)
4. Our dream has come true.(go..)
5. The weather gets colder and colder.( turn, become, grow,)
6. Why do you keep silent ( stay)
Practice makes perfect.
挑出句子的宾语
1. People all over the world speak Chinese.
A B C D
2. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
A B C Ｄ
3. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
挑出句子的表语
The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
2. Why is he worried about Jim
A B C D
词性&句子成分
成分
定语
含义 例句
描述名词或代词的修饰语 May I have your phone number
Students often tell teachers they have strong memories and don’t need to take notes because they can easily recall information.
形容词
名词
（名词短语）
定语从句： He is the boy that I like.
名词作定语，表明功能和用途eg. apple tree, shopping mall
句子
形容词性物主代词
介词短语
五、在定语（attribute)下面划线
1. He is a natural musician.
2. Your hair needs cutting.
3. Have you seen the apple trees over there
4. The classrooms of our school are big.
5. I have a question to discuss with you.
6. Our country is a developing country.
7. There are so many fallen leaves there.
9. The car that is parked outside is mine.
成分
状语
含义 例句
修饰除名词以外的成分。常见的是用来修饰句子、动词、形容词或者副词。 If we take notes effectively, …
The little boy sat there, crying.
副词
状语从句: You can get good grades if you study hard.
词性&句子成分
句子
非谓语
介词短语
六、在状语（adverbial)下面划线
1. The house was completely destroyed.
2. Thank you very much
4. Is this room big enough for a party
5. He lived in London.
6. The foreign friends will arrive at about ten o’clock.
7. She was shaking with fear.
8. Although we were tired, we worked on.
词性&句子成分
成分
宾补
含义 例句
补充说明宾语的情况 They made him king.
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
I saw a little boy crying over there.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
非谓语
成分
同位语
含义 例句
说明或解释另一个同等位置上表示同一事物的成分； 多放于其说明的名词/代词之后 We, Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
Miss Chen, a beautiful lady, is our English teacher.
名词
（名词短语）
七、在补语（complement)下面划线
1. We made him monitor of our class.
3. We find the story interesting.
5. We found him locked in the room.
八 在同位语(appositive)下面划线
1．Mr.Li, a professor, has given a speech..
2. Beijing, the capital of China, has got the chance to host the 2000
Olympics.
3．The news that our team has won the game is not true.
九 在插入语(parenthesis)下面划线
1. To tell you the truth, I didn’t like her first.
2. In other words, you should believe him.
3. Luckily, he didn’t meet with the flood on the way.
指出下列句子划线部分的词性及其是什么句子成分：
Practice makes perfect.
The students got on the school bus.
They went hunting together early in the morning.
The apples tasted sweet.
He handed me the newspaper.
I took many photos of our school.
主语
定语
状语
状语
表语
谓语
宾语
句型
五大基本句型
五种基本句型用符号表示为：
① S Ｖ （主＋谓）
② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
③ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ Ｓ L Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）
宾语（object） 定语（attribute）
状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）
表语（predicative）
一、主谓
不及物动词vi.: i人 , 不喜欢宾语。
及物动词vt.:t人，喜欢宾语
The sun rises.
He cried yesterday.
He is laughing.
I do.
常见的不及物动词有：
act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, happen, take place, rain, snow 等.
It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ)
We've worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ)
Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ)
不及物动词有什么特征？
一、主谓宾
He likes apples
She has a new book
They watched a movie
I Love you
一、主谓间宾+直宾
I give you a quick end.
I spare you a merciful end
我 给 你 一个 快速的结局
给我来箱辣条
Please give me a box of spicy strips.
Please hand the spicy strips to me
一、主谓宾宾补
He makes me happy
他让我开心
宾补对宾语进行补充
双宾两者没有补充关系
一、主系表
He is handsome.
他很帅
这不是去幼儿园的车
This isn’t the bus to the kindergarden.
总结：五种基本句型用符号表示为：
① S Ｖ （主＋谓）
② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
③ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ Ｓ L Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）
宾语（object） 定语（attribute）
状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）
表语（predicative）
1.The big day finally arrived.
2. I had pictured it again and again in my mind.
3. Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.
4. The girl next to me gave me a nudge.
5. Everyone started laughing.
6. This was a good beginning to my new school life.
7. I woke up early.
Practice: Decide the sentence structures of the following sentences in the passage.
主+谓
主+谓+宾+状
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓+状
英语基础知识
Basic knowledge of English
2025
01
单词的词性
Part of Speech
n.
v.
vt.
vi.
modal v
aux. v.
What are they
adj.
adv.
pron.
prep.
conj.
num.
1. 主要词类&词性
实词
虚词
名词 (noun)
代词(Possessive Pronouns)
形容词 (adjective)
副词 (adverb)
动词 (verb)
数词(numeral)
冠词（article）
介词 (preposition)
连词 (conjunction)
助动词 (auxiliary)（含情态动词）
名形动副，介连冠代
词性 定义（通俗版） 例子 位置/用途
名词 n. 表示“人、事、物”的词 a book, water, quick runner one egg in the room a/an/the + 名词(n.)
形容词（adj.）+ 名词(n.)
数词+名词(n.)
介词+名词(n.)
代词pron. 代替名词的词 we, you, they, her, this, some, all, what 避免名词重复
动词 v. 表示动作或状态的词 run, is, make, be, get, keep,marry 句子的核心动作，通常做谓语。
及物动词必须有宾语
不及物动词不能跟宾语
形容词adj. 修饰名词“什么样”的词 happy, round, brown, 形容词（adj.）+ 名词(n.)
系动词+形容词
做补语
副词adv. 修饰名词以外的所有词，包括副词本身。通常交代时间、地点、原因、程度等。 fast, well, quickly 常放在动词后
介词prep. 名词之前，表明其后的名词与别的词之间的关系（位置关系，时间关系,逻辑关系）。 in, on, with, by, 后接名词或代词
词性 定义（通俗版） 例子 位置/用途
冠词 (art.) 与名词一起出现，起限定作用。 ①不定冠词a/an，表泛指 ②定冠词the, 表特指 冠词+(形容词)+名词
连词 (conj.) 连接两个词语、短语或句子,分为并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词: and, but, however, or, so, therefore … 从属连词: that, if, whether, when, since, as..
词语+连词+词语
短语+连词+短语
句子+连词+句子
连词+句子+句子
感叹词 (int.) 表示感情的词 oh(噢)，aha(啊哈)，hush(嘘)
数词(num.) 表示“多少”和“第几”（基数词、序数词） me, two, three, first, second, third, fourth
拓展延伸— 名词的替身——代词pron.
人称 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he she it him her it they them
1.人称代词的人称、数和格如下表所示：
n.
v.
vt.
vi.
modal v
aux. v.
adj.
adv.
pron.
conj.
prep.
num.
你记住了吗？赛一赛
名词 形容词
动词 副词
介词
Members of sentences(句子的成分)
成分
a.主语
含义 例句
动作或状态的执行者 Bears will sometimes explore urban areas for food.
She was a very strong leader in some team activities.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
主语从句：
What you have said might hurt his feelings.
句子成分
句子成分
主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 同位语
非谓语
句子
一、在主语（subject)下划线
1. He and I are old friends.
2. To find your way can be a problem.
3. Smoking is bad for your health.
4. What you said is sound.
5. It is clear that they won’t give us support.
成分
谓语
含义 例句
描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态 Colleges want well-rounded people.
We donated 5 000 to the earthquake fund.
动词
（动词短语）
词性&句子成分
二、在谓语（predicate)下面划线
1. I like English very much and I can speak it.
2. Our team were beaten by their team.
3. I have been teaching for fifteen years.
4. Did you understand what he said at the meeting
5. I don’t happen to know.
6. He put on his coat, took an umbrella and went out .
Practice makes perfect.
找出句子的主语
The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
To do today’s homework without the teacher’s help is very difficult.
找出句子的谓语
All of us considered him honest.
We will make our school more beautiful.
We must do whatever the people wants us to do.
简单谓语
复合谓语
复合谓语
成分
宾语
含义 例句
动作的接受者 His wife has a strong personality.
We need to adopt an effective strategy to achieve it.
I love you so much; I just don’t like you anymore.
名词
（名词短语）
代词
宾语从句：Only you can decide who is the best choice.
句子
非谓语
三、在宾语（object)宾语下面划线
1. Our team beat all the other teams.
2. What does it mean
3. Remember to buy some apples, will you
4. He stopped smoking last week.
5. Do you understand what I mean
6. They find it hard to get on with him.
成分
表语
含义 例句
在系动词后面，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。 I am a high school freshman.
The exchange rate is important for anyone wanting to travel to or study in a foreign country.
The book whose cover is red is mine.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
代词
表语从句：This was where we hold the dance party last time.
词性&句子成分
句子
非谓语
变化类: turn/become/go/grow/get
保持类: keep/remain/stay
感官类: feel/sound/taste…
be动词: am/are/is/was/were…
系动词
表“像是…”类: appear/seem…
词性&句子成分
四、在表语（predicative)下面划线
1. I am an English teacher.
3. The skirt looks beautiful.(sound, feel, smell, taste)
4. Our dream has come true.(go..)
5. The weather gets colder and colder.( turn, become, grow,)
6. Why do you keep silent ( stay)
Practice makes perfect.
挑出句子的宾语
1. People all over the world speak Chinese.
A B C D
2. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you
A B C Ｄ
3. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
A B C D
挑出句子的表语
The old man was feeling very tired.
A B C D
2. Why is he worried about Jim
A B C D
词性&句子成分
成分
定语
含义 例句
描述名词或代词的修饰语 May I have your phone number
Students often tell teachers they have strong memories and don’t need to take notes because they can easily recall information.
形容词
名词
（名词短语）
定语从句： He is the boy that I like.
名词作定语，表明功能和用途eg. apple tree, shopping mall
句子
形容词性物主代词
介词短语
五、在定语（attribute)下面划线
1. He is a natural musician.
2. Your hair needs cutting.
3. Have you seen the apple trees over there
4. The classrooms of our school are big.
5. I have a question to discuss with you.
6. Our country is a developing country.
7. There are so many fallen leaves there.
9. The car that is parked outside is mine.
成分
状语
含义 例句
修饰除名词以外的成分。常见的是用来修饰句子、动词、形容词或者副词。 If we take notes effectively, …
The little boy sat there, crying.
副词
状语从句: You can get good grades if you study hard.
词性&句子成分
句子
非谓语
介词短语
六、在状语（adverbial)下面划线
1. The house was completely destroyed.
2. Thank you very much
4. Is this room big enough for a party
5. He lived in London.
6. The foreign friends will arrive at about ten o’clock.
7. She was shaking with fear.
8. Although we were tired, we worked on.
词性&句子成分
成分
宾补
含义 例句
补充说明宾语的情况 They made him king.
Listening to music makes me relaxed.
I saw a little boy crying over there.
名词
（名词短语）
形容词
非谓语
成分
同位语
含义 例句
说明或解释另一个同等位置上表示同一事物的成分； 多放于其说明的名词/代词之后 We, Chinese people, are determined to build China into a powerful and prosperous country.
Miss Chen, a beautiful lady, is our English teacher.
名词
（名词短语）
七、在补语（complement)下面划线
1. We made him monitor of our class.
3. We find the story interesting.
5. We found him locked in the room.
八 在同位语(appositive)下面划线
1．Mr.Li, a professor, has given a speech..
2. Beijing, the capital of China, has got the chance to host the 2000
Olympics.
3．The news that our team has won the game is not true.
九 在插入语(parenthesis)下面划线
1. To tell you the truth, I didn’t like her first.
2. In other words, you should believe him.
3. Luckily, he didn’t meet with the flood on the way.
指出下列句子划线部分的词性及其是什么句子成分：
Practice makes perfect.
The students got on the school bus.
They went hunting together early in the morning.
The apples tasted sweet.
He handed me the newspaper.
I took many photos of our school.
主语
定语
状语
状语
表语
谓语
宾语
句型
五大基本句型
五种基本句型用符号表示为：
① S Ｖ （主＋谓）
② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
③ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ Ｓ L Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）
宾语（object） 定语（attribute）
状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）
表语（predicative）
一、主谓
不及物动词vi.: i人 , 不喜欢宾语。
及物动词vt.:t人，喜欢宾语
The sun rises.
He cried yesterday.
He is laughing.
I do.
常见的不及物动词有：
act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, happen, take place, rain, snow 等.
It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ)
We've worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ)
The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ)
Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ)
不及物动词有什么特征？
一、主谓宾
He likes apples
She has a new book
They watched a movie
I Love you
一、主谓间宾+直宾
I give you a quick end.
I spare you a merciful end
我 给 你 一个 快速的结局
给我来箱辣条
Please give me a box of spicy strips.
Please hand the spicy strips to me
一、主谓宾宾补
He makes me happy
他让我开心
宾补对宾语进行补充
双宾两者没有补充关系
一、主系表
He is handsome.
他很帅
这不是去幼儿园的车
This isn’t the bus to the kindergarden.
总结：五种基本句型用符号表示为：
① S Ｖ （主＋谓）
② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
③ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
⑤ Ｓ L Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
主语（subject） 谓语（predicate）
宾语（object） 定语（attribute）
状语(adverbial) 补语（complement）
表语（predicative）
1.The big day finally arrived.
2. I had pictured it again and again in my mind.
3. Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure.
4. The girl next to me gave me a nudge.
5. Everyone started laughing.
6. This was a good beginning to my new school life.
7. I woke up early.
Practice: Decide the sentence structures of the following sentences in the passage.
主+谓
主+谓+宾+状
主+谓+宾+宾补
主+谓+间宾+直宾
主+谓+宾
主+系+表
主+谓+状