2026届高考英语二轮复习：情态动词讲解 课件(共37张PPT)

(共37张PPT)
情态动词
Modal verbs
主要的情态动词：
1. can & could
2. will & would
3. may & might
4. should
5. shall
6. must
7. need
Modal verbs
1. can & could的用法
1). 表示请求和允许：could的语气更委婉；但回答时通常用can，不用could。
eg: Can/Could I use your car
我可以用你的车吗？
Yes, you can./No, you can’t.
eg:You can take the book home.
你可以把这本书带回家。
Modal verbs
1. can & could的用法
2). 表示能力：即能做某事；can表示现在或将来，could表示过去；
eg: I can’t do it now, but I can do it later.
我现在不能做，但是稍后可以做。
eg:She can swim, but she couldn’t last year.
她会游泳，但是去年还不会。
eg:Who can answer the question？
谁能回答这个问题？
Modal verbs
1. can & could的用法
3). 表示可能性：可以或可能做某事
eg:I’m afraid I can’t go with you.
我恐怕我没法和你一起去。
eg:It was so dark that we could see nothing.
天那样黑，我们什么也看不见。
Modal verbs
1. can & could的用法
4). 表示可能：用于否定句和疑问句
eg: That can’t be Mary -- she’s in hospital.
那个不可能是玛丽，她在住院。
eg:There is someone outside -- who can it be
外面有人，这能是谁呢？
Modal verbs
1. can & could的用法
注意：could+have done 是对过去本来能做而未做的事而感到惋惜和遗憾，表示“本可以，本能够”
eg: He could have made a fortune as a lawyer.
他本可以当律师挣大钱的。
eg:He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.
他并不后悔说了自己做的事，但觉得本可以换一种方式表达
Back
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
1). 用于第二人称的疑问句中，表示请求、建议。would/won’t的语气较will更委婉，不表示时态。
eg: Will you please sit down, everybody
请大家坐好。
eg:Won’t you take off your overcoat
你要不要把大衣脱掉？
eg:Let’s fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you
咱们来定个日子，星期六晚上合适吗？
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
2). 用于各个人称：表示意愿、意图、决心、承诺、预测、习惯、倾向等
eg: On summer evenings they would sit out in the garden.
夏天的晚上他们经常坐在外面的花园里。(习惯)
eg:Which coat will you buy
你要买哪一件大衣？(意图)
eg:I won’t do it any more, I promise you.
我答应你我再也不会这样做。(承诺)
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
2). 用于各个人称：表示意愿、意图、决心、承诺、猜测、习惯、倾向等
eg: I told Peter that I would go along with him.
我告诉皮特我要和他一起去。(意愿)
eg:That will be the postman at the door.
门口想必是邮差。(猜测)
eg:I won’t give her a divorce.
我不会同意和她离婚。(决心)
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
a 注意：will/would作为助动词用来构成将来时。
eg: We will go with you tomorrow.
我们明天和你一起去。
eg: He said he would be here at three o’clock.
他说他将在八点钟到达这里。
eg: How long will he be staying in Paris
你将在巴黎待多久？
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
b 注意：would do/would have done 用于虚拟条件句。would do用于对将来和现在情况的虚拟；would have done用于过去情况的虚拟。
eg: If I were you, I would take action now.
如果我是你，我现在就会采取行动。
eg: If I had seen the advertisement, I would have applied for the job.
如果我看到了广告，我早就申请这份工作了。
Modal verbs
2. will & would的用法
c would用在一些结构里：
“would +动词(like/love/prefer/rather)”
eg: Where would you like to sit
你想坐在哪里？
eg: He’d love a coffee.
他想喝杯咖啡。
eg: I would rather do it myself.
我宁愿亲自动手。
Back
Modal verbs
3. may & might的用法
1). 表示允许、请求：“可以”
eg: May I come round in the afternoon
我下午来好吗？
eg: He asked if he might use the phone.
他问是否可以用一下电话。
eg: You may only borrow books for two weeks.
书你只能借两个星期。
Modal verbs
3. may & might的用法
2). 表示可能：常用于肯定句(疑问句或否定句中常用can)，might的语气比may委婉。
eg: He said he might be late.
他说他可能晚到。
eg: Anna may know Tom’s address.
安娜可能知道汤姆的地址。
eg: They may be waiting at the station.
他们可能正等在车站。
Modal verbs
3. may & might的用法
3). may 可用来表示祝愿
eg: Long may she live to enjoy her good fortune!
祝她长寿好运！
eg: May you succeed!
祝你成功！
Modal verbs
3. may & might的用法
注意：may/might+have done 是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，表示 “过去可能已做了某事”；其否定形式表示“过去可能还没有做某事”
eg: He may have had some training in Chinese Kungfu.
他可能学过一点中国功夫。
eg: I might have known it was you.
我就知道是你。
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Modal verbs
4. should的用法
1). 表示劝告、建议：“应该”与ought to 通用
eg: We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.
我们应该了解计算机并加以充分利用。
eg: He really shouldn’t work so hard.
他的确不应当工作这样劳累。
eg: You may only borrow books for two weeks.
书你只能借两个星期。
Modal verbs
4. should的用法
2). 表示猜测；往往有一定依据，含有“按道理应该”
eg: We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.
我们应该了解计算机并加以充分利用。
eg: He really shouldn’t work so hard.
他的确不应当工作这样劳累。
eg: You may only borrow books for two weeks.
书你只能借两个星期。
Modal verbs
4. should的用法
3). 有时表示说话人的感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。
eg: I find it quite shocking that he should be so rude to you.
我感到惊讶他对你竟然如此粗鲁。
eg: I don’t know why you should think I did it.
我不明白你怎么认为是我做的。
eg: Why should I go
我干嘛要去？
Modal verbs
4. should的用法
注意：should/ought to+have done “本应该做...”表示本应该做的事，而实际没做，含有则被和遗憾的语气。其否定形式为shouldn’t/ought not to have done“本不该做...”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
eg: We should have checked the time before we leave.
我们本应先核对一下时间再离开的。
eg: You shouldn’t have left your son alone at home.
你不该将你儿子一个人留在家里。
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Modal verbs
5. shall的用法
1). 在疑问句中I和we 连用，表示提出或征求意见
eg: What shall we do this weekend
这周末我们要做什么呢？
eg: Let’s look at it again, shall we
我们再看一遍，好不好？
eg: Shall I take on the light
要不要我把灯打开？
Modal verbs
5. shall的用法
2). 用于正式文件中，表示法律、命令、允诺等。用于第二、三人称的肯定句中。
eg: All payments shall be made in cash.
所有款项都必须以现金支付。
eg: You shall do it, whether you want to or not.
不管你愿意不愿意，你必须做这项工作。
eg: I shall write to you at the end of the month.
月底我会给你写信。
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Modal verbs
6. must的用法
1). 表示肯定推测，只用于肯定句中，否定句和疑问句中用can’t/couldn’t或can/could.
eg: The ligth is on. Sandra must be in the office.
灯亮着，桑德拉肯定在办公室里。
eg: He must be doing his homework now.
他现在一定在做家庭作业。
eg: I can’t find my cheque book. I must have left it at home.
我找不到我对支票簿，准是落在家里了。
Modal verbs
6. must的用法
2). 表示必须：“必须、一定、得...”语气上比should应该更强烈；对must提问，否定回答用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to；
其否定形式mustn’t 表示禁止
eg: You must have a passport if you want to go abroad.
你想要出国就必须要有一本护照。
eg: Must I hand in my homework now
我现在必须交作业吗？
Yes, you must./No, you needn’t/don’t have to.
Modal verbs
6. must的用法
注意：must+have done 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，是很有把握的推测。其否定形式为can’t have done或couldn’t have done.
eg: I must have see you somewhere, but I can’t recollect you.
我一定在哪里见过你，但我想不起你的名字了。
eg: We must have read the same report.
我们一定是看了同一份报告。
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Modal verbs
7. need的用法
1). 用作情态动词，表示“必要”，needn’t表示“不必”，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。对于need的提问，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t.
eg: It’s only six o’clock. Need you go so early
才6点。你需要去这么早吗？
eg: You needn’t come to the meeting if you’re too busy.
如果你太忙就不必来开会了。
eg: I don’t think you need take it too seriously.
我想你对此不必太较真。
Yes, I must.
Modal verbs
7. need的用法
2). 用作实义动词，表示“需要”。need+n./to do sth./doing sth.注意：need doing表示被动意义，相当于need to be done.
eg: All living things need water.
一切生物都需要水。
eg: Do we need to buy tickets in advance
我们需要提前购票吗？
eg: The garden doesn’t need watering-- it rained last night.
花园无需浇水，昨晚下雨了。
Modal verbs
7. need的用法
注意：needn’t+have done 指没必要做某事，实际上却做了，表示“本不必做...”
eg: You needn’t have woken me up; I don’t have to work today.
你根本不必叫醒我，我今天不用上班。
eg: She needn’t have come in person--a letter would have been enough.
她其实不必亲自来的，写封信就够了。
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Modal verbs
情态动词+have done 结构总结：
1) must+have done 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，是很有把握的推测。其否定形式为can’t have done或couldn’t have done.
2) could+have done 是对过去本来能做而未做的事而感到惋惜和遗憾，表示“本可以，本能够”
3) may/might+have done 是对过去情况的一种不太有把握的推测，表示 “过去可能已做了某事”；其否定形式表示“过去可能还没有做某事”
Modal verbs
情态动词+have done 结构总结：
4) should/ought to+have done “本应该做...”表示本应该做的事，而实际没做，含有则被和遗憾的语气。
shouldn’t/ought not to have done
“本不该做...”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了。
5) needn’t+have done 指没必要做某事，实际上却做了，表示“本不必做...”
Modal verbs
Exercise
1. (2022·北京)-- _______I take photos here
-- Sorry, you can’t. It’s not allowed in the museum.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will
2. (2022·成都)-- There is a new art museum in our city. You _____miss it.
-- Thank you. I won’t.
A. can’t B. must C. needn’t D. Will
C
A
Modal verbs
Exercise
3. (2022·无锡)We should learn some basic life skills we_____depend on ourselves some day.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
4. (2022·天津)The book _____be Mary’s. We can see her name on it.
A. need B. must C. can’t D. needn’t
C
B
Modal verbs
Exercise
5. (2022·锦州)--Will plants grow on other planets
--That _____be true. It’s really difficult to predict the future
A. mustn’t B. should C. needn’t D. may
6. (2022·营口)--Mom, I’ve signed for the box. What’s in it
--I’m not sure. It______be a present from your uncle.
A. can’t B. must C. may D. need
D
C
Modal verbs
Exercise
7. Your mother ________have fallen asleep. You were making so much noise so late in the yard then！
A．mustn’t B．can’t
C．mightn’t D．shouldn’t
8. —I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered，but I didn’t recognize the voice.
—Oh，it ________ my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment.
A．must have been B．should have been
C．could have been D．may have been
C
A
Modal verbs
Exercise
9. You don’t know what you have missed. You_____to the meeting.
A. ought to have come B. shouldn’t have come
C. must have come D. need have come
10. We______have packed our thick clothes. The weather was really warm.
A. need B. must C. can’t D. needn’t
A
D
Thank you for
watching