2026年九年级中考英语复合句（宾定状）课件(共47张PPT)

(共47张PPT)
又称主从复合句,由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,只用作句子的一个成分,如主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语、状语（包括地点、条件、时间、原因、让步、比较、结果等状语）。从句担任什么句子成分,这个从句就叫该成分的从句,如宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句等。
复合句
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句
可以做动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语
连接词
语序
时态
1、 He tells us that Tom is a good student.
2、 Tom said that he was reading a book.
3、 She asks if Tom often comes here.
4、 He asks whether you live there.
5、 They wondered where Tom lived.
6、 He asks how they can go home.
宾语从句
that
if/whether
特殊疑问词：
连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what
连接副词 when, where, how, why
结构：主语+谓语 +连接词+宾语从句
主句
1. He tells us that Tom is a good student.
2. Tom said that he was reading a book.
3. She asks if Tom often comes here.
4. He asks whether you live there.
5. They wondered where Tom lived.
6.He asks her how they can go home.
结构
连接词 连接词的作用 例句
that 连词，本身无意义，只起连接作用，不作句子成分，可省略 He said that Kate was good at swimming.
if / whether 连词，“是否”，不作句子成分，不可省略 He asked if Miss Gao was a teacher.
who, whose, what, which 代词，在从句中做一定的成分，如主、宾、表、定等 I don’t know what they are going to do.
I don’t know who we are going to meet.
when, where, how, why 副词，在从句中做状语 Could you tell me where you live
连接词
陈述句
连接词that引导陈述句
1、He says, “Tom is a good student ”.
He says that Tom is a good student.
2、Tom says, “I am reading a book.”
Tom says that he is reading a book.
一般可省略that
连接词that不可省略的情况
（1）当宾语从句的主语是that时
He says that that is a useful book.
（2）当宾语从句为主从复合句时
I’m afraid that if you’ve lost it, you must pay for it.
（3）当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时，第一个从句中的that可省，其余从句中的that不可省
He said (that) the film was interesting and that he enjoyed it.
（4）当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时
Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his green coat.
（5）当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时
I can’t tell him that his mother died.
一般疑问句
连接词if/whether引导一般疑问句
3、She asks, “ Does Tom often come here ”
She asks if Tom often comes here.
4、He asks,“Do you live there ”.
He asks whether you live there.
（1）与or not 连用时
He asked me whether I like watching TV or not.
（2）用在介词之后时
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
（3）用在不定式之前时
We haven’t decided whether to go there.
（4）在及物动词discuss后的宾语从句中,只能用whether,不能用if。
We discussed whether we should make a change in our plan.
我们讨论了是否应该对计划进行变动。
只用whether不用if的情况
5、He asks, “Where does Tom live ”
He asks where Tom lives.
6、He asks,“ How can we go home ”
He asks how they can go home.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句
常用于这种结构的动词：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。
宾语从句用陈述句语序
即：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
His brother asks when he will go to the library.
I don’t know what he wants to buy.
I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there
语序
1.Will he go to the park with us I want to know.
I want to know .
2. Who are we going to meet Can you tell me
Can you tell me
3.What is Tom’s address Could you tell me
Could you tell me
if/whether he will go to the park with us
who we are going to meet
what Tom’s address is
Exercises
主句是现在的某种时态
主句是过去的某种时态
当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时
时态
宾语从句的时态在一定程度上受到主句时态的制约，这种现象被称为前后时态的一致性。
宾语从句的时态有以下几种情况:
She says (that) he plays football every day.
he is playing football now.
he will play football tomorrow.
he has played football for 3 years.
he was playing football from 6 to 7 yesterday.
he played football last week.
I know he lived here ten years ago.
He has told me that he will leave for New York tomorrow.
1、主句是现在的某种时态（如一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
She said (that) he played football every day.
he was playing football then.
he would play football the next day.
he had played football for 3 years.
he was playing football from 6 to 7 yesterday.
he played football last week.
He said that he would have a rest this weekend.
2、主句是过去的某种时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。
She says/said (that) the earth goes around the sun.
She says/said (that) knowledge is power.
3、当从句描述的是事实、真理或格言、谚语时，从句时态不受主句限制，使用一般现在时。
考点速查
在含有宾语从句的复合句中，若主句的主语是第一人称且为一般现在时，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等词时，如果宾语从句中的谓语动词要用否定形式,则其否定式要前移到主句，即“否定前移”。
I don’t think he will accept our invitation.
我认为他不会接受我们的邀请。
否定前移
考点速查
当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等时,宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词+to do”结构的简单句。
I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say.我不知道要说什么。
宾语从句的简化
→ Jack told me that he often went shopping on holiday.
Jack told me...
He often goes shopping on holiday.
The students wondered...
Will Tom go to school
→ The students wondered if Tom would go to school.
We knew…
They are having a party now.
→We knew that they were having a party at that time.
Did you know…
Has he finished homework
→ Did you know if he had finished homework
Exercises
总结
定义
结构：主句+连接词+宾语从句
连接词：三类
语序：陈述语序
时态
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
定语从句
He is 　　
定语：即用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的成分。比如 a good book a famous university
Tom's pen His name
分为关系代词that、which、who、whose、whom和关系副词when、where、why。
关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，即起连接作用，又充当从句的一个成分。如：He is the man who I saw yesterday. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
关系词
关系代词
在句中作主语、宾语或定语
who作主语，whom作宾语，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。whose用来指人或物，只用作定语。Is he the man who/that wants to see you
He is the man whom/ who/ that I saw yesterday.　　
The man whom/ who you spoke to just now is our teacher.
The man whose son is a doctor is our professor.
先行词是人时，由who, whom, that，whose引导
关系代词
在句中作主语、宾语或定语
在从句中可作主语、宾语等，作宾语时可以省略
This is the novel which/that is written in English. （作主语）
这是那本用英语写的小说。
Prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在从句中作主语）
The bag (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿那个包快要散开了。(which/that在从句中作宾语）
先行词是物时，由which, that引导
[拓展]
1.定语从句中关系词只能使用that的情况:
①当先行词为all, any, much, many, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时,只能使用that。
All that can be done has been done.
Is there anything that I can do for you
②当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
③当先行词被序数词修饰时,只能使用that。
That was the first book that the little boy read.
④先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时
This will be the last chance that he can get.
That is the only film that has got a prize.
⑤先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能使用that。
They talked about the things and people that they remembered in the school.
⑥当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时,只能使用that。
Who is the man that is standing there
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday
2.先行词指物时,只能用which的情况:
①关系代词放在介词之后,只能用which。
This is the factory in which we once worked.
②that,those作主语时,只能用which。
Those which are on the desk are English books.
关系副词
1、when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。如：
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
2、where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。如：
This is the house where we lived last year.
3、why表示原因，在定语从句中做原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如：
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
指起副词作用的关系词，在引导定语从句的同时，还在定语从句中充当状语等，比较常用的关系副词有when, where和why。
状语从句在复合句中修饰主句、主句中的动词等。
分为地点状语从句、时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句和方式状语从句等。
1.地点状语从句,连词为where, wherever。
Just stay where you are and don’t move.
待在你现在待的地方别动。
We’ll go wherever you say.你说的任何地方,我们都会去。
状语从句　
连词为when,while, after, before, since, till, until, as, as soon as, whenever, ever since。
I feel happy when you come.
While I was doing his homework, he came in.
when引导的从句谓语可以是延续性，也可以是短暂性
while引导的从句谓语动词必须延续性，或者表示状态的动词
注意：when和while引导的从句中，主从句主语一致，且从句有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，构成when/while doing结构。
时间状语从句
时间状语从句
We get wiser as we get older.
Lily heard the story as she washed clothes.
as “一边、、一边、、”“随着、、”正当“。
从句谓语可以是延续性，也可以是短暂性
It began to rain as soon as I left the house.
As soon as he arrives，I will tell him.
as soon as、、一、、就、、。表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生。
注意：
在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态。当主句为祈使句或一般将来时，时间状语从句一般用一般现在时表将来的动作或状态。如：
　I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.
　I will tell him everything when he comes back.
　He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.
在复合句中表示主句动作发生的条件。常用if或unless引导
if 如果。表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。If引导的条件状从可以在主句前和后，在前时，需逗号隔开。I’ll help you if I am free tomorrow.
unless 除非，如果不，相当于if not
You will not realize your dream unless you try your best.
时态：在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，主句是一般将来时态，祈使句或情态动词，从句要用现在时态【主将从现原则】
条件状语从句
用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句。可由 that/so that/in order that(为了;以便)等词引导。目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.
目的状语从句
l in order that与in order toin order that+从句 　　in order to+动词原形 如：He got up early in order to take the first bus.= He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.
lso that可引导目的状语从句，也可引导结果状语从句
1. so that引导结果状语从句时，so that翻译为“以至于...”，经常可以和so/such...that...转换，且从句只能放在主句之后。如：He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school.
2. so that引导目的状语从句时，从句只能放在主句之后，此时可以和in order that换用。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.
主要由so…that, such…that, so that,等引导。l so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，+形容词。The hall is so big that it can hold 2,000 people.He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word.This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.I have so little money that I cannot afford a car.He has so many books that I can’t count them.l such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，+名词。She is such a good teacher that everybody likes her.He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.
结果状语从句
常由because, since, as引导，语气渐弱
I did not go to school yesterday because I was ill.
Since you are free, you ’d better tidy your bedroom.
As you were not there, I left a message.
because因为，表因果的语气最强，不能与so连用
since 既然。表示已知的、显然的理由，较正式。
as和since的用法大体相同，表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”
原因状语从句
表示即便出现从句的情况，主句仍然会发生，“退一步说、尽管”
通常由although, though，even though, even if等引导.
Though he was ill, he was still working.
Although it is difficult, we shall do it.
Even though you say so, I do not believe it.
让步状语从句
连词为where, wherever。
Just stay where you are and don’t move.
The bus will take you where you're going to.
We’ll go wherever you say.
地点状语从句
徐州中考对复合句的考查主要在选择填空中涉及。在做此类试题时,可以根据下列方法来解题:
1.宾语从句的做题方法
对于宾语从句的考查主要体现在语序、引导词和时态三个方面。在做题时要牢记：宾语从句用陈述语序,即:引导词+主语+谓语+其他;引导词要根据语境来判断,询问内容用what、人用who、时间用when、地点用where、原因用why、方式用how等;时态的判断要特别注意:如果主语为一般过去时,宾语从句也要用过去的时态,但当宾语从句表达的是客观事实、客观真理或自然现象时,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句都用一般现在时。
解题思路
2.状语从句的做题方法
对于状语从句的考查主要体现在从属连词和时态两个方面。从属连词的选择要弄清题干意思,认真辨别各选项的含义和用法,再结合语境,最后判断出正确答案。在判断含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的复合句时态的时候,要遵循“主将从现”的原则。
3.定语从句的做题方法
对于定语从句的考查主要体现在关系词方面。考生在做题时,首先要弄清先行词是什么,然后确定关系词。当先行词为人时用who或that;当先行词为物时用which或that。还要注意只能用that的几种特殊情况。当关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式和先行词保持一致。