2026年中考英语形容词和副词课件(共54张PPT)

(共54张PPT)
/ɑ:/ /i:/ / :/ / :/ /u:/
/ / / / / / / / / / / / /e/
/e /, /a /, / /, / /, /a /, /i /, /e /, / /
发 音 练 习
['ha spi d] [repr zent ] [d 'va d]
[spi t ] ['va l t ] ['b ld ]
[ba ' l d ] ['seld m] ['re nb ]
[' nfl ns] [r 'l kst] [r 'ma nd]
[r 'kwa ] ['evr de ] ['θer p ]
发 音 练 习
[' ɡ na z] [d 'v t] [r 'ma nd]
[spi t ] ['va l t ] ['d f k( )lt ]
[d k ( )n( )r ] ['seld m] ['re nb ]
['kem str ] [r 'l kst] [r 'ma nd]
[θru ] ['pr kt s] ['pr gres]
形容词
用来直接或间接地修饰、限定名词，
来说明人或物的性质、状态或特性的词。
a beautiful girl
a good teacher
an empty box
“……的”
基本用法
功能 位置
例句
作定语 一般放在名词前；常用作定语的形容词:little, only（唯一的）, wooden, elder等 There are four wooden chairs under the table.
桌子下有四把木质的椅子。
作后置定语 形容词修饰不定代词时，通常后置 I have something interesting to tell you.
基本用法
功能 位置 例句
作表语 放在连系动词后，构成“主语+连系动词+表语”结构。 下列形容词常只作表语,不作定语: afraid, asleep, awake, alive, alone, well（健康的）, ill, ready, sure, glad, sorry, able, unable等 I was awake last night and I’m sleepy now.
作宾语补足语 常置于keep, make, leave, find, feel等动词之后，说明宾语的性质、状态和特征 Please keep the room clean and tidy.
形容词的其他用法
（1） “the+形容词”表示一类人或物，作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式
如: the dead, the living, the rich, the poor, the blind, the deaf, the young, the aged, the old, the sick等。
The old are easier to catch a cold than the young.
（2）“基数词-可数名词单数-形容词”为复合形容词,只能作定语,后跟被修饰的名词。
Tom is an eight-year-old boy.汤姆是一个八岁的男孩儿。
（3）数词+表示长、宽、高、深以及年龄的名词+形容词。
The Yangtze River is 6,397 kilometres long.长江长6397千米。
（4）形容词常用句式:
①“It’s+adj.+for+sb+to do sth”表示“做某事对某人来说是……的”。在这一句型中,常用描述事物性质的形容词,如: easy, difficult, hard, important, safe, dangerous, useful等。
It’s necessary for us to learn English well.
②“It’s+adj.+of+sb+to do sth”表示“某人做某事是……的”。在这一句型中,常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,如: good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, brave, crazy, friendly, helpful, bad, wrong, right等。
It was careless of him to make so many mistakes.
【注意】
enough作副词时,通常放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。
He didn’t work hard enough last term but now he works very hard. 上学期他学习不够努力,但现在他学习非常努力。
5. 多个形容词排序：限观形龄色国材，即（冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词）限定词；外观；大小形状；年龄新旧；颜色；国家、产地；材料。
this lovely small red Chinese silk coat
一件新的漂亮的意大利的黑皮夹克
=a beautiful new black Italian leather jacket
一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子
=a big, round ,red, Chinese wooden table
形容词和副词用来表示物的等级差别
有原级、比较级和最高级
原级、比较级、最高级
比较级和最高级
规则 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况下，+er, +est quick clever quicker cleverer quickest
cleverest
不发音的e结尾的单音节词，+r, +st nice large nicer larger nicest
largest
以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再+er, +est heavy easy happy heavier easier happier heaviest
easiest
happiest
以重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写辅音字母，再加er ,est. 大红湿热胖瘦 Fat big Thin瘦的 Wet 湿的 fatter bigger thinner wetter fattest
biggest
thinnest
wettest
部分双音节和多音节词要在前面加more或most careful interesting beautiful more careful more interesting more beautiful most careful
most interesting
most beautiful
比较级和最高级
不规则变化
good/well- better- best
bad/ill - worse- worst
many/much- more- most
little- less- least
far- farther（较远）- farthest（最远）
far- further（进一步）- furthest（最大限度）
old- older（年龄较大的）- oldest（年龄最大的）
old- elder（长幼次序，较年长的）- elder（最年长的）
. ...as +形容词原级+as… 如…一样…
如：Lily is as tall as Lucy.
否定：...not as/so 形容词原级as… 不如……
表示比较
当进行两个人或物的比较时，就用比较级
1. A + be….比较级+ than + B。A比B更…
如：He is taller than me.
2. 表示“两者中更......的一个（of the two）”时，用“the+比较级”结构
如：Lucy is the taller of the twins.
比较级的用法
3. 表示“越……就越……”：the + 比较级，the + 比较级
如：The more you learn, the more you know.
4. 表示“越来越……”：形容词比较级+ and +形容词比较级
如：The ball is bigger and bigger.
The clothes are more and more expensive.
可以修饰比较级的词：
much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。
如：It's much colder today than yesterday.
5. 表示倍数
“A...+倍数+as+形容词原形+as +B”结构。（一倍once；两倍twice；三倍及以上：基数词+times）
如：Our school is three times as big as theirs.
倍数+比较级+than”
如： Your room is three times bigger than mine.
6.可以修饰比较级的词
a little, a bit, a great deal, a lot, much, even, still, far, rather等
如：The elephant is much bigger than the dog.
1.表示三者及以上进行比较时，用最高级形式。最高级前常加定冠词the，句末常跟in/of短语表示范围。注意：最高级前已有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，the要省去。
She is the best student in her class. 　
Perter is his oldest son.
最高级的用法
2.形容词最高级前面可以加序数词，表示“第几最.......”
如：She is the second tallest student in our class.
3. “one of the+ 形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……的……其中之一”
She is one of the tallest girls in her class.
4. 比较级结构可以表示最高级含义。
He is taller than any other boy in our class.
=He is taller than the other boys in our class.
=He is the tallest boy in our class.
英汉互译
1．many new houses 2．一位高个子工人
3．a clean classroom 4．一棵矮树
5．some blue bikes 6．寒冷的冬天
7．an old white ship 8．一个胖男孩
9．sweet strawberries 10．一件红色的新连衣裙
练习
表示动作或状态的特征，用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子
The book is very good.
I read a book quickly.
I read a book very quickly.
Fortunately，I read a good book.
副词
时间副词：确定句子时态的重要标志。
We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
They have already been to the UK twice.
Soon the lost boy found his way back home.
频度副词：表达动作发生的频率：always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom 等。
Sometimes I get up early.
The workers usually have lunch at the factory.
Take this medicine twice a day.
地点副词： 表达动作发生的地点：outside, inside, upstairs, here ,there, home, anywhere 等。
There you can see thousands of bikes.
The frightened wolf ran away.
He walked out quietly and turned back soon.
程度副词：常修饰形容词，有much, little, very, rather, so, too, still, quite等。
I nearly forgot all about it if he did not tell me again.
It was so strange that I could hardly believe my ears.
She got to the station early enough to catch the first bus.
疑问副词：特殊疑问句的疑问词，对句子的状语进行提问的，位置在句首
When and where were you born
Why did you sit on some eggs
方式副词：表达动作完成的方式，是怎么样完成的。
He sings happily.
注：这类词往往就是我们常见的把形容词加上ly变成的副词。
方式副词一般变化规则？？
副词一般变化规则：
构成
例词
形容词后直接加-ly careful—carefully, beautiful—beautifully
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词,变y为i,再加-ly lucky—luckily, happy—happily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的形容词,去e,再加-y terrible—terribly, possible—possibly, simple—simply
少数以e结尾的形容词,去e,再加-ly true—truly
与形容词同形的副词:enough, well, fast, late, early, deep, high, slow, hard, long, low, much, little, only, back, just, free, most, close 问：以ly结尾的都是副词吗？
She is a friendly girl.
daily，lovely，friendly，lonely，ugly，likely等虽以 ly 结尾，实则是形容词
（2）副词的功能　　 　
考点速查
功能 位置
例句
作状语 ①多数副词放在动词之后; ②动词若带宾语,则放在宾语之后; ③频度副词通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词和be动词之后 ④程度副词通常放在被修饰的形容词或副词之前 ⑤放在句首,修饰整个句子 My brother studies very hard.我哥哥学习很努力。
She speaks English well.她英语说得很好。
I usually get up early on school days.
在上学日我通常起得很早。
Susan and Alice are quite different.
苏珊和艾丽斯很不一样。
Luckily, he was not hurt.幸运的是,他没有受伤。
（续表）
考点速查
功能 位置
例句
作表语 作表语的副词多数是表示位置或时间的,如:in, on, out, back, up, down, off, away等 When will you be back 你什么时候回来
作定语 少数地点副词和时间副词可作定语,一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后 Life here is full of joy.这里的生活充满了欢乐。
用来表示物的等级差别，一般有原级、比较级和最高级
比较级和最高级
变化规则：（参照形容词）
hard---harder---hardest
fast---faster---fastest
early---earlier---earliest
quickly---more quickly----most quickly
easily--- more easily---most easily
用来表示物的等级差别，一般有原级、比较级和最高级
比较级和最高级
不规则变化：
well---better---best badly---worse---worst
much- more- most little- less- least
far- farther（较远）- farthest（最远）
far- further（进一步）- furthest（最大限度）
表示A与B在某方面程度相同或不同时
肯定句中结构：A+as 副词原级as+B 和…一样…
I can run as quickly as him.
否定句中结构：A+not as/so副词原级as+B 不如…… (表示否定)
I can’t run as quickly as him.我没有他跑的快。
原级用法
1、当两者进行比较时，A + 副词比较级+ than + B。
My mother gets up earlier than I.
2、表示两者之中进行选择“哪一个更......” 时，用 “who/which + 副词比较级，A or B”？
Who gets up earlier, Tom or Mike
3、副词比较级+ and +副词比较级，表示“越来越…”
He runs faster and faster.
Tom plays the violin more and more beautifully.
4、表示“越…就越…” the+比较级，the+比较级
The better I know him, the more I like him.
比较级用法
表示三者和三者以上的比较，形容词最高级前面必须加the，副词最高级前面可加 the也可不加。
Amy gets up (the)earliest in her family.
Lucy reads English (the) most quickly in our class.
最高级用法
【拓展】
（1）只能修饰原级的词有very, quite, too, so等。
Today is too hot.
（2）比较级前一般可用much, a little, a lot, even, still, far, a bit 等来修饰。
（2）比较对象要相呼应,比较的内容要相同,为了避免重复,可用one,that,those或do代替前面出现过的名词或动词。
The price of meat is higher than that of rice.肉的价格比大米的价格高。
考点速查
辨析：much too, too much
much too 非常，极其，太，much和too都是副词，中心词是too，much修饰too，加强语气，much too修饰形容词或副词原级
He eats too much food，so he is much too fat.
The car is much too expensive.
too much 太多，中心词是much，too修饰much，加强语气，too much修饰不可数名词，与too many相对应，too many修饰可数名词复数
We both have too much work to do.
There’s too much rain in summer.
辨析：too, enough, so
too 太，很，用于“too…to…”结构，表示“太…而不能…”，否定意义
He is too young to go there by himself.
enough 足够，“形容词/副词原级+enough to…”，“足够…能…” The coach is big enough to hold fifty people.
so 如此，“so…that…”，“如此…以至于…” I have so many toys in my house.
The park is so beautiful that we can’t stop taking photos.
辨析：too, as well, also, either
too 一般用于肯定句，常放在句末 He likes English, too.
as well 一般用于肯定句，常放在句末 I like you as well.
also 常放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，行为动词之前 I can also swim.
either 也，用于否定句，常放在句末 I don’t know French, either.
辨析：兼有两种形式的副词
close 近的，接近，靠近
He is sitting close to me.
He lives very close to me.
closely 仔细地
Watch him closely.
close与closely
辨析：兼有两种形式的副词
late 与lately
late 晚，迟
You have come too late.
lately 最近
What have you been doing lately
deep与deeply
deep 深，表示空间深度
He pushed the stick deep into the mud.
deeply 深深地，表示情感深度
I was deeply moved by this film.
high与highly
high 高，表示空间高度
The plane was flying high.
highly 高，表示程度，相当于much
He thought highly of your opinion.
wide与widely
wide 宽度，表示空间宽度
He opened the door wide.
widely 广泛地
English is widely used in the world.
free与freely
free 免费
You can eat free in my restaurant.
Children under five travel free.
freely 无限制地
You can speak freely at the meeting.
hard与hardly
hard 努力地，辛苦地，剧烈地，猛烈地，程度副词
We should study hard.
It’s raining hard.
hardly 几乎不，否定副词 I can hardly understand his words.
考点速查
比较级的判断方法
（1）有标志词than;
（2）有明确的比较范围（A or B）;
（3）空前有much, even, far等修饰词;
（4）常见的比较级的结构:“比较级+and+比较级”和“the+比较级..., the+比较级...”;
（5）“A+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two…”表示“A是两者中较……的”;
（6）根据语境判断有比较级的含义。
考点速查
5.最高级的判断方法
（1）有明确的比较范围:in/of/among+范围;A, B or C;
（2）空前有“the+序数词”修饰;
（3）常见的最高级的结构:“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”;
（4）根据语境判断有最高级的含义。