Unit 4 Friends Forever Using Language 课件（共29张PPT)-外研版(2019)必修第一册

(共29张PPT)
定语从句专题
Elsa is the Snow Queen who has the power to create ice and snow.
主句
从句
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
先行词
关系词
I always miss the days when my favorite cartoons accompany me.
关系词
先行词
Elsa is the Snow Queen.
She has the power to create ice and snow.
关系词的一般用法
Tintin is a teenage journalist who/that becomes involved in dangerous cases.
Tintin is a teenage journalist (whom/that /who )I admire very much.
Walt Disney’s Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character which/that lives in the heart of millions all over the world.
Walt Disney’s Mickey Mouse is a cartoon character (which/that ) my son loves most.
Baymax is a robot whose purpose is to take care of people.
Hiro is a boy whose intelligence impresses us all.
关系代词
who that whom（宾语）
先行词是人且在从句中做主语或是宾语（做宾语时可以省略）
that which
先行词是物时，且在从句中做主语或宾语（做宾语时可以省略）
whose
当在从句中做定语时，无论是人还是物 都用 whose
关系词
关系副词
Garfield was born in the kitchen of an Italian Restaurant.+
There he developed a taste for lasagna.
Garfield was born in the kitchen of an Italian Restaurant where/in which he developed a taste for lasagna.
The reason ____________ I like Spiderman is that his winning over the bad guys can give delight to me.
I remember the days.+
On those days I watch my favourite cartoons with my best friend.
I remember the days when/on which I watch my favourite cartoons with my best friend.
why/for which
关系副词
在从句中做状语
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
when = 介词 + which
where = 介词 + which
why = for + which
指人 指物
主语 who/that that/which
宾语 whom/that that/which
定语 whose whose
状语 / when/where
/why
关系词 whose的用法
whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow
= Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow
= Do you like the book of which the cover is yellow
(4) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
= He has a friend the father of whom is a doctor.
= He has a friend of whom the father is a doctor.
whose 指人时，常用以下结构来代替
只能用关系代词 that 不用who 或 which 的情况
1.当先行词被 the very, the only修饰时（就）
This is the very way ______ the expert suggests to wash your hands.
2.当先行词为all, every(thing), much, some, little, few, none, nothing, any(thing)等词或被它们修饰时（程）
All _______ we wish is health.
3.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词时 (序)
that
that
that
This train is the last ______will go to Wuhan.
6. 当先行词既是人又是物时 (多)
that
that
that
4. 当主句是以who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时 (问题)
This is the best resource_____ I can find.
5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词的最高级修饰时（最）
Which is the theme ____ this novel develops
Who is the athlete ____ won the gold medal
The writer and his works ____ you have just mentioned are really well-known.
that
Those _____ want to go there raise your
hands.
2. Anyone _____ broke the window could be
punished.
3. He _____ doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
先行词是指人的不定代词one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none 等或人称代词；
who
who
who
只能用关系代词 who不用 that 的情况
只能用关系代词 which不用that的情况
逗号后不用that
So many doctors and nurses were fighting against the virus bravely, ________ inspired me a lot.
which
2. 介词后不用that
So many doctors and nurses were fighting against the virus bravely, ________ I was greatly inspired.
by which
先行词是 way 意为“方式、方法”
The way he explained to us was quite simple.
that
which
不填
The way he explained the sentence
was not difficult for us to understand.
in which
that
不填
1) I’ll never forget the time _____ (= at which) we first met in the park.
2) I’ll never forget the time _______________ I spent with you.
when
where
which\that
先行词是时间、地点、原因时的情况
which / that / 省略
3) This is the museum _________ (= in/at which) I saw the painting.
4) This is the museum _________ was built last year.
5) This is the reason ____ (= for which) I didn’t come here.
6) The reason _________ she gave was not true.
why
which/that
定语从句中的主谓一致
1. one of + 名词复数 + 关系代词 + 复数动词
The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that （draw）lots of visitors.
2. the only one of + 名词复数 + 关系代词 + 单数动词
The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that seen from the moon.
one of = not the only one of
draw
is
介词 +关系代词用法
介词+关系代词的情况
The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.
to
in
介词+关系代词的情况
The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.
to
in
可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后
介词 +关系代词用法总结
1. 当关系代词充当介词的宾语，介词又放在关系代词之前时，先行词指物用“介词+which”；先行词指人用“介词+whom”，that 和 who 不能用于此结构。
2. 介词提前时，关系代词不能省略
I don’t know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday.
注：介词放在后面时 ，关系代词可以省略
e.g. You are not the first I have said no to.
The man with whom I shook hands just now is my teacher.
3. 在不改变句意的情况下才可以将从句动词短语里的介词提前, 有些短语则不可以：listen to; look after; look into; depend on; take care of; break into; get rid of; look forward to
The old man whom I am looking after is better.
用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空。
1. Sarah didn't give the reason __________ she was late for school again.
2. The person ________ this letter was sent went abroad three years ago.
3. I will never forget the day ________ I joined the English Club.
4. Is this the village ________ the famous scientist was born
for which
to whom
on which
in which
常见的抽象地点名词有: point, case, activity, situation, position, occasion, job, race, letter, platform, letter, email, policy,environment 等等。(不强调死记硬背，重点理解从句中缺状语。)一、看例句，加深理解。You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
occasion后面用when还是where？如果occasion表示 “时间（a particular time when sth happens ；来自牛津字典）”的话 就用when引导。eg. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.如果它翻译成“场合（a special event, ceremony or celebration；来自牛津字典）”，表示地点, 就用where引导。eg. This is not an occasion for laughter, where you must take things seriously. （这两个经典的例子，建议背过