2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词的用法 课件(共28张PPT)

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名称 2026届高考英语二轮复习:名词的用法 课件(共28张PPT)
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更新时间 2025-10-08 08:18:01

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(共28张PPT)
名 词
名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词。如:boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange。
名词
名词的分类
名词的数
名词所有格
普通名词
专有名词
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
可数名词
‘s所有格
不可数名词
of所有格
双重所有格
规则变化
不规则变化
物质名词
抽象名词
一、 名词的分类
名词
专有名词
普通名词
表示人、地方、组织机构或事物等专有的名称
Peter 彼得
Uncle Wang 王叔叔
London , Beijing, France, WTO 世贸组织, UN 联合国, UFO 不明飞行物
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
物质名词
抽象名词
表示某类人或东西中的个体
pear
desk
taxi
表示若干个体组合的集合体
army
family
people
team
government
cattle
police
不可数名词
物质名词
抽象名词
表示无法分为个体的实物,一般为物质或材料
equipment
luggage
baggage
chalk
ink
money
furniture
weather
表示物质、状态、行为或情感等抽象概念
information
advice
knowledge
fun
love
happiness
usefulness
action
width
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时,是可数名词)
surprise惊讶 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
success成功 a success一个成功的人/一件成功的事
honour荣誉 an honour一个值得尊敬的人/一件值得尊敬的事
failure失败 a failure一个失败的人/一件失败的事
experience经验 an experience一次经历
pleasure快乐 a pleasure一件乐事
pity遗憾 a pity一件遗憾的事
抽象名词的具体化
抽象名词(不可数) 具体化(表达个体概念时,是可数名词)
beauty美 a beauty一个美女
comfort安慰 a comfort令人感到安慰的人或事事物
shock震惊 a shock令人震惊的事
danger危险 a danger危险的人或事物
delight高兴 a delight令人高兴的事
pride骄傲 a pride令人骄傲的人或事物
二、 名词的数
可数名词表示可以直接以数字计算的名词。
变化规则 读音 例子
1. 一般情况加-s 在清辅音后读[s];在浊辅音和元音后读[z] map→maps;girl→girls;house→houses
2.以-th结尾的,加-s th原来读[θ],加复数词尾 s后,多数情况下读[ ]。 mouth [ma θ]→mouths [ma z];truth [tru θ]→truths [tru θs];
path[pɑ θ]—paths[pɑ z]
3. 以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾的,加-es es读[Iz] class→classes;box→boxes;
brush→brushes;match→matches
注意:stomach(胃)的复数是
stomachs;ox(公牛)的复数是oxen
(一)可数名词的规则变化
变化规则 例子
4. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i再加-es; 以“元音字母 + y”结尾的名 词,直接加 s。 city→cities;country→countries;
party→parties;factory→factories;
boy→boys;toy→toys
two Marys 两个玛丽(例外: 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的专有名词直接加 s。)
5. 以“辅音字母+o”结尾的,一般加-es; 以“元音字母+o”结尾的,加-s tomato→tomatoes;potato→potatoes; hero→heroes;
radio→radios;zoo→zoos;
注意:1.少数名词加-s或-es均可,如volcano→volcano(e)s;mosquito→mosquito(e)s;
mango (芒果)→mango(e)s
2. 少数名词只加-s, 如piano→pianos;photo→photos
变化规则 例子
6. 以-f,-fe结尾的,通常变f或fe为v,再加-es thief→thieves;knife→knives;shelf→shelves;
half→halves;leaf→leaves;wolf→wolves;life→lives;wife→wives(有一个小偷,拿了一把刀和书架上的半片叶子,取了一条狼的性命,拯救了他的妻子。)
注意: 1. 也有的直接加-s,如roof→roofs, cliff→cliffs chief→chiefs; belief→beliefs; proof →proofs;
reef(礁)→reefs; gulf (海湾)→gulfs
2.还存在有两种复数形式的,如 handkerchief→ handkerchiefs / handkerchieves
写出下列单词的复数形式。
1.child ________     2.ox ________
3.stomach ________ 4.match ________
5.volcano ________ 6.dish ________
7.church ________ 8.knife ________
9.leaf ________ 10.belief ________
11.party ________ 12.furniture ________
13.photo ________ 14.potato ________
15.hero ________ 16. advice________
children
oxen
matches
stomachs
dishes
volcanos / es
knives
churches
beliefs
leaves
furniture
parties
potatoes
photos
advice
heroes
(二)可数名词的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
1.完全不规则变化 child—children 孩子
ox—oxen 牛
2.单数、复数同形词 fish, deer, sheep, Chinese, means, series, species
(包括yuan,jiao,fen,jin)
3.单词内部变化 注意:由man或woman构成 的合成词,其复数形式是- men和-women,如an Englishman→two Englishmen; 但German不是合成词,故复 数形式为Germans man—men
woman—women
goose—geese 鹅
foot—feet
tooth—teeth
mouse—mice
构成方法 例词
4. 某些只有复数形式的 物质名词,变量词 trousers
clothes
glasses
socks
scissors
5. 合成名词变复数 1.将主体名词变为复数:
passer-by → passers- by
looker -on → lookers -on
2.无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾:
grown up → grown ups
stand by → stand bys
3.man/woman+中心名词:
man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式:
woman doctor → women doctors
man waiter → men waiters
(例外:two boy/girl students)
6. 有些名词的单 复数有不同的 拼写方法 细菌 bacterium(单数)→bacteria(复数);
资料、数据datum(单数)→data(复数);
现象 phenomenon(单数)→phenomena(复数);
课程 curriculum → curriculums / curricula;
标准、准则 criterion → criteria;
媒体 medium → media;
分析 analysis → analyses;
藻 alga → algae
注意:
1.某些单复数意 义不同的名词 paper纸,papers试卷;报纸;论文
work工作,works著作
2.既是可数又是不 可数的个别名词 glass玻璃杯;玻璃
time次;倍;时间
room房间;空间
写出下列单词的复数形式。
1.mouse ________  2.三条鱼 ________
3.Japanese ________ 4.Englishman ________
5.German ________ 6.man doctor ________
7.passer by ________ 8.go between ________
9. medium ________ 10. footh ______
mice
three fish
Japanese
Englishmen
Germans
men doctors
passers-by
go-betweens
media
feet
1.The ______ (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper,but they are not as good.
2.The hotel has been ordered to close because it is overrun by _____(mouse) and rats.
3.Here he sat, with his pipe between his _____(tooth) and both hands resting on his knees.
4.Police were reported to have seized all ______(copy) of this morning's edition of the newspaper.
5.The paper was used for sealing up holes in walls and _____(roof) in the cold and freezing winter.
pianos
mice
teeth
copies
roofs
6.Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that _______ (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets.
7.I spent ten minutes walking up and down the high street,desperately avoiding eye contact with ___________(passer-by).
8.The system reflects the seasonal characteristics of annual natural _________ (phenomenon) and farming activities.
9.An ant has two ________ (stomach), of which one holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants.
10.Viewers said it was not the film itself that moved people, but the ______(hero) of the war years who fought for our country and people.
wolves
passers- by
phenomena
stomachs
heroes
(三) 不可数名词的数量的表达
不可数名词通常没有复数形式,但可以借助单位词来表示一定的数量。
计量不可数名词时,通常使用“数词 (a/an或many等)+单位名词+of+不可数名词”的结构。常见的单位名词有piece(块、条),article(件),drop(滴),pack(包),pile(堆),bar(条、块), bag (包),loaf (条)等。
eg. There are two pieces of work for you to do:to buy a bowl of rice and to make five cups of tea.
你要去做两项工作:买一碗米饭和泡五杯茶。
这种表达量的方式有时也可接可数名词的复数形式。如:three boxes of books 三箱书;six cars of soldiers 六车战士。
1.一碗肉 ______________
2.一条面包 _______________
3.五杯茶 _______________
4.三张纸 __________________
5.很多袋牛奶 _______________
6. 一块巧克力_________________
7. 一件行李_________________
8. 一包香烟 ________________________
a pack / packet of cigarettes
one loaf of bread
a bowl of meat
five cups of tea
three pieces of paper
many bags of milk
a bar of chocolate
an article of luggage
三 、名词的所有格
of 所有格
名词所有格
’s 所有格
双重所有格
’s 所有格
与人有关
与事物有关
一般在名词词尾加 's
(以 s或 es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加')
Tom's book,
children's clothes
students’ books
两个人共有的事物在第二个人后加 's(注意动词的单复数)
两个人各有的事物在两个人后分别加 's(注意动词用复数)
表示店铺或某人的家,名词所有格后的shop, house, office, home 等词常省略
Kate and Lily's
mother is a teacher.
Kate and Lily's
parents are teachers.
The boy's and
the girl's books
are on the desk.
at the doctor’s (office)
at the barber’s (shop)
at Mr Greeen’s (house)
多数表示时间、地点、
价格、重量、距离的名词词尾只加 's
today's newspaper
China's population
ten dollars' value
two pounds' weight
five hours' walk
six miles' distance
of 所有格
用在无生命的事物的名词前
带有较长的修
饰名词的定语时
the window of the classroom,
a map of China,
a map of the world
the flavor of scrambled eggs with tamatoes
the photo of Kate's whole family
双重所有格
a friend of mine,
a book of my friend's,
some pictures of my father's friend's,
several pens of Tom's
带有表示数量的a,
an或者一些代词
this,that,these,
those,some,any,
several,another等时,构成双重所有格:“a/two/some... +名词+of+名词's / 名词性物主代词
”构成双重所有格,“of+名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人。
注意:在某些习惯用语中,名词要加-'s。
a stone's throw 近在咫尺
keep sb. at arm's length 与某人保持距离;不亲近某人
be at one's wits' end 黔驴技穷
即学即练
1.格林小姐的大衣 _____________________
2.三个男孩的父亲 _____________________
3.Mary朋友的一些照片 ________________
4.吉姆和凯特共有的房间 _______________________
5.在理发店 __________________
6.今天的报纸 ______________________
7.步行十分钟的路程 _____________________
8.我父亲的一位朋友 _________________________
Miss Green’s coat
some pictures of Mary’s friend’s
Jim and Kate’s room
at the barber’s
today’s newspaper
ten minutes’ walk
a friend of my father’s
three boys’ father
Today is September 10th. It's ________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.
A.Teachers B.Teachers'
C.the Teachers' D.Teacher's
【解析】此题旨在考查表示节日的专有名词的用法。其一,节日前面不用冠词;其二,前面的名词要用复数形式的所有格 (Mother's Day,Father's Day 例外)。如Women's Day,Children's Day等。
B
1.Tom goes to the ________(barber) to have his hair cut every third week.
2.“________ (today) story is about the success of a poor child,” the teacher said.
3.The article concludes that ________ (parents) education affects their children's future.
4.After a _________(moment) hesitation,the young man reached out his hand to greet the stranger.
5.Studies show that a _______ (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment.
barber's
Today's
parents'
moment's
child's
6.It's about an ______ (hour) drive from our school to the city centre,but it takes more time at weekends.
7.Sunlight passes through the atmosphere and then reflects off the _______(earth) surface in the form of heat.
8.We'd better stay in a hotel that is just a _______ (stone) throw away from the railway station for the sake of convenience.
hour's
earth's
stone's
Thank you!