（月考培优卷）Unit 1-Unit 3 阶段核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）
文档属性
| 名称 | （月考培优卷）Unit 1-Unit 3 阶段核心素养培优卷（含答案解析）-2025 - 2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 69.1KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 试卷 | ||
| 版本资源 | 鲁教版（五四学制） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-09 09:04:06 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）Unit 1-Unit 3
阶段核心素养培优卷
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
During the Jin Dynasty (265—420), there 1 a child named Che Yin. He was 2 and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t pay for lamp oil (油) to 3 at night.
One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) 4 his house and thought of an idea. He 5 some fireflies in a cloth bag and used the bag as a lamp. It is said that he 6 all of his summer nights reading like this.
Another child named Sun Kang also loved 7 . One night during 8 , Sun used up all of his lamp oil and 9 study at night. When he woke up at midnight, he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house. “Oh, I can use the reflected light 10 !” he thought. He took out his books and read, though he was freezing cold.
Both of these kids later became 11 . People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).
In the past, people had a 12 harder time studying than we do. They might have to copy books by hand because there were few books then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes (毛笔) were often too 13 . Students even had to travel very far to find a good 14 . But these difficulties did not stop young minds from learning.
All of us can learn a lot from these stories. They don’t take place in modern times, 15 they are just like the light of fireflies—they light up the road to knowledge.
1．A．were B．are C．is D．was
2．A．smart B．foolish C．sad D．generous
3．A．play B．study C．draw D．dance
4．A．down B．with C．outside D．between
5．A．caught B．found C．bought D．brought
6．A．took B．spent C．cost D．paid
7．A．speaking B．listening C．writing D．reading
8．A．summer B．spring C．winter D．autumn
9．A．couldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
10．A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
11．A．famous B．rich C．poor D．kind
12．A．little B．much C．less D．more
13．A．high B．cheap C．expensive D．low
14．A．painter B．postman C．doctor D．teacher
15．A．and B．but C．because D．so
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
A survey about students’ weekend activities was done in our school. Here are the results of 200 students.
Activities How often do students do them
Do homework Every weekend: 180 students; Sometimes: 20 students
Watch TV Every weekend: 120 students; Sometimes: 60 students; Never: 20 students
Do housework Every weekend: 80 students; Sometimes: 100 students; Never: 20 students
Exercise Every weekend: 60 students; Sometimes: 90 students; Never: 50 students
Read books Every weekend: 40 students; Sometimes: 80 students; Never: 80 students
From the survey, we can see that most students do homework every weekend. It’s important for students to finish their homework. But some students have too much homework, so they don’t have time to exercise or read books.
Many students watch TV on weekends. Some watch TV for more than 3 hours a day. It’s bad for their eyes. Parents should tell their children to watch less TV.
Only 30% of students exercise every weekend. Exercise is good for our health. Students should exercise at least twice a week.
Reading books is also important. But 40% of students never read books on weekends. We think students should spend more time reading.
16．How many students do homework every weekend
A．200. B．180. C．120. D．80.
17．How many students never watch TV on weekends
A．20. B．40. C．60. D．80.
18．What percentage of students do housework every weekend
A．20%. B．30%. C．40%. D．50%.
19．How many students never read books on weekends
A．40. B．80. C．120. D．160.
20．What can we learn from the survey
A．Most students exercise every weekend. B．Some students have too much homework.
C．All students watch TV on weekends. D．Few students do homework on weekends.
B
Once there were two neighbors. One of them was an old teacher and the other was an office worker. Both of them planted the same plants in their gardens. The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them, while his neighbor gave much water to his plants and looked after them well.
The old teacher’s plants were simple but looked good. The office worker’s plants were much taller and greener. One night, there was a heavy rain. The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted (连根拔起), but the old teacher’s plants stood firmly (稳固地).
The neighbor was surprised and went to the old teacher and asked, “We both grew the same plants together. I looked after my plants better than you did, and I even gave them more water. However, my plants were uprooted, while yours weren’t. Why ”
The old teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it. I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
21．How did the old teacher care about his plant
A．He gave his plants a little water. B．He was too old to look after his plants.
C．He took good care of his plants. D．He asked his neighbor to help with his plants.
22．What happened to the office worker’s plants after a heavy rain
A．His plants stood firmly. B．His plants looked better.
C．His plants were uprooted. D．His plants became greener.
23．What do you think of the old teacher according to the passage
A．Interesting. B．Smart. C．Friendly. D．Stupid.
24．What can we know from the passage
A．The old teacher was very good at planting.
B．The office worker was the old teacher’s student before.
C．The old teacher didn’t like working with the office worker.
D．The office worker’s plants were different from the teacher’s.
25．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Growing plants is not as easy as it looks.
B．Too much care can make us become weak.
C．A heavy rain can make the plants in the garden die.
D．Plants know how to look after themselves in the heavy rain.
C
Secret Hallway Inside Pyramid
Scientists noticed a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2016. Now, they have learned exactly where it is and how big it is. They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it. It may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid.
▲
Over 2,000 relics (遗迹) dating back to the Yuan Dynasty have been found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin. The relics include the base of the city wall, roads, and so on. They have provided evidence (证据) of the history of the ancient Tianjin city, which is believed to be built no later than the early Ming Dynasty.
New Nazca Lines (纳斯卡线条) in Peru
168 new Nazca Lines were found in Peru. Those huge animals carved (雕刻) into the desert date back more than 2,000 years. They are smaller than earlier finds and can be seen from the ground. Most of the earlier finds can only be seen from the air. The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown.
26．In which SECTION of the newspaper can we read the news
A．TRAVEL. B．DISCOVERY.
C．TODAY IN HISTORY. D．AMAZING PICTURES.
27．During the process of finding the secret hallway, ________.
A．scientists used a smart way B．the pyramid was opened
C．its size was known in 2016 D．scientists knew exactly what it was for
28．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news
A．Let’s Look at Tianjin! B．When Was It Built
C．Ancient City Wall Relics Found D．Lost City of the Ming Dynasty Discovered
29．Which shows the fact of Nazca Lines in Peru
A．They were made in modern times. B．New finds can’t be seen from the air.
C．There are still secrets about them. D．The total number of the designs known is 168.
30．All the findings above ________.
A．show the spirit of scientists
B．took people a lot of time and money
C．encourage more people to travel around the world
D．help people dig into ancient history and cultures
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The weather forecast tells what the temperature and air conditions will be in the near future. 31 The weather can be sunny or stormy. It can be warm or cool. It also can be rainy, cloudy or windy. Sometimes, weather is terrible. A snowstorm or a thunderstorm may happen quickly. When we get information ahead of time, 32
A meteorologist（气象学家） is a person whose job is to forecast the weather. 33 A tool for getting a correct measurement of the temperature is a thermometer. A high temperature probably means plenty of sunshine for everyone.
In rainy weather, a meteorologist uses a rain gauge. A rain gauge gives data about how much rain is falling outdoors. After it rains, you may be able to see a rainbow. A rainbow comes up when the sun comes out and there is still rain in the air.
Wind brings us our weather. It blows clouds from one place to another. 34 A wind vane（风向标） provides this information. Knowing the wind direction helps a meteorologist know what weather is coming.
35 As our knowledge about weather gets better, the forecasts become more correct.
A．Weather forecasts are not always right.
B．Being prepared helps us stay safe.
C．A lot of people help the meteorologist do his job.
D．It is helpful to know which direction the wind is blowing.
E．It is hard to know which direction the wind is blowing.
F．There are many tools to help the meteorologist do his job.
G．There are different types of weather.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．As middle school students, we should try to be (independence).
37．With the (develop) of Xiong’an New Area, thousands of people can find jobs there.
38．WeChat makes it more convenient for people to have (communicate) with each other.
39．The drummer (beat) the drums loudly and created an exciting rhythm.
40． (sudden), he jumped up and went out of the room.
41．Remember not to (扔) litter here and there.
42．The house was built in the 19th century and is a (典型的) style of that time.
43．My parents (允许) me to watch TV only after I finish my homework.
44．Our team worked so hard that we (打败) the strongest team in this match.
45．When we heard the news, we were all (震惊的).
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．这有助于我们从小培养良好的习惯。
This helps us .
47．我在你桌上放了一个闹钟，以便你随时查看时间。
I put a clock on your desk you can check it anytime you want.
48．在做听力考试前，记得快速浏览一下所有的问题。
Remember to all the questions quickly before the listening test.
49．看完阅兵后，我们每个人都更加意识到了自豪感和对祖国的热爱。
After watching the military parade, we each our pride and love for the motherland.
50．我向窗外看，然后意识到暴风雨要来了。
I the window, and then I realized that the rainstorm was coming.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次）
for story be five friend answer he learn hardly do
If you were a little screw (螺丝), could you stick to your post (坚守岗位) forever Lei Feng 51 this question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier. During the 22 years he was alive, he helped many people. He carried luggage (行李) 52 the elderly and gave food to children. He once gave all his money to his 53 sick parents. He darned (缝补) pants and socks for his teammates.
Lei Feng 54 spoke about what he did. After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about 55 . He became a symbol of the “giving spirit”. “There 56 a limit (限度) to one’s life, but no limit to serve the people,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to 57 from Lei Feng, and each year’s March 5th has been named as Lei Feng Day. On that day, students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the model. This year, some 58 graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes along the road in order. Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng’s 59 to others. “I learn from Lei Feng’s selflessness (无私) and want to help others by 60 small things,” said one student.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Weather is very important in our daily lives. Weather affects (影响) all of us 61 one way or another. For example, good weather 62 (make) people happy. 63 (worse) weather makes people ill or sad. For example, on a fine day, one can go for 64 walk or play games in the open air. On a 65 (rain) day, however, he can only stay indoors. In a word, weather is part of life for all of 66 (we).
The 67 (one) thing that many people do after getting up is to see what the weather is like. With the knowledge (知识) of weather, people can 68 (easy) plan their work and life of the day. If it is fine, he may go on a picnic and take some 69 (photo). If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat 70 an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house. Whatever the weather may be, one wants to plan his activities according to (根据) it.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China— short windy spring, long hot summer, cool pleasant autumn and long cold winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January.①参观北京最好的时间是在九月和十月。
Spring
To visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May) you need to bring light (薄型的) clothing: long— sleeved shirts (长袖衬衫) or T-shirts, one or two jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night. Dress warmly when going out at night.
Summer
②Summer in Beijing is very hot with much rain. This calls for light clothes as the temperature in July and August ranges (变化) between 30 ℃and 40 ℃. Short and heavy rain-storms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days.
Autumn
The short but beautiful autumn (from mid -September to the end of October) is travellers’ all-time favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys mild temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin coats are necessary for autumn. From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
Winter
This city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. The cold days have no let up (缓和) despite (尽管) sunny days. The average temperature in December, January and February is below 0 °C． Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats for winter.
71．把①处划线句子翻译成英语。
72．把②划划线句子翻译成汉语。
73．What’s the weather like in Beijing in spring
74．What’s the average temperature in December, January and February
75．从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相同的句子。
The temperature comes down from late October, so you must wear warm clothing.
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是Joan，就读于阳光中学，Sandy是你的笔友，下面是她给你的来信，请你根据她的来信，用英语给她写一封回信。
Dear Joan, The other day, I saw some pictures of your school in different seasons online. How beautiful! I believe your school life must be colourful. So I’m writing to ask for more information about you and your school life. Would you please tell me: What is your favourite season and why How is the weather in your favourite season What’s your school like in your favourite season What do you and your classmates often do in your favourite season Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Sandy
注意：
1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2．条理清楚，要点全面，书写规范；
3．词数100左右，文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sandy,
I’m very glad to get your letter.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Joan
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，告诉我们应该努力追求知识。
1．句意：在晋朝 (265—420)，有一个孩子叫车胤。
were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式；are是，be的第二人称单数形式和第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数形式；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；was是，be的第一人称和第三人称单数过去式。根据“During the Jin Dynasty”可知，句子用一般过去时，“a child”是单数，be动词用was。故选D。
2．句意：他很聪明，喜欢读书。
smart聪明的；foolish愚蠢的；sad伤心的；generous慷慨的。根据“and loved to read”可知他喜欢读书，很聪明。故选A。
3．句意：他在一个贫困的家庭长大，晚上买不起灯油学习。
play玩；study学习；draw画；dance跳舞。根据“loved to read”可知，他喜欢看书，所以买不起灯油晚用来晚上学习，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。
4．句意：一天晚上，他看到屋外有萤火虫，想到了一个主意。
down向下；with和；outside在外面；between在中间。根据“he saw fireflies (萤火虫) ... his house”可知，萤火虫在屋外。故选C。
5．句意：他在布袋里抓了一些萤火虫，把袋子挂起来当灯。
caught抓住；found发现；bought买；brought带来。根据“some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp”可知是抓了一些萤火虫。故选A。
6． 句意：据说他整个夏夜都是这样读书的。
took花费，一般用于做某事花费时间；spent花费，人作主语；cost花费，物作主语；paid支付，人作主语。根据“all of his summer nights reading like this.”可知考查sb. spend time doing sth.“某人花费时间做某事”。故选B。
7．句意：另一个叫孙康的孩子也喜欢读书。
speaking说；listening听；writing写；reading读。根据“also loved”可知，他也喜欢读书。故选D。
8．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
summer夏天；spring春天；winter冬天；autumn秋天。根据“he saw the snow”可知，是在冬天。故选C。
9．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
couldn’t不能；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Sun used up all of his lamp oil”可知，灯油用完了，不能学习，时态为一般过去时，所以用couldn’t。故选A。
10．句意：“哦，我可以用反射光看书！”他想。
read读，动词原形；reads动词第三人称单数；to read动词不定式；reading动名词。考查use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，所以填动词不定式。故选C。
11．句意：这两个孩子后来都出名了。
famous著名的；rich富有的；poor穷的；kind和蔼的。根据“People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).”可知，他们后来变得著名了。故选A。
12．句意：过去，人们学习比我们困难得多。
little几乎没有；much很多；less更少；more更多。根据"harder time studying than we do“可知，过去比现在困难得多，修饰比较级用much。故选B。
13．句意：对于贫困家庭来说，纸张和毛笔往往太贵了。
high高；cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；low低的。根据“For poor families”可知，对于穷人来说，纸和毛笔很贵。故选C。
14．句意：学生们甚至不得不长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。
painter画家；postman邮递员；doctor医生；teacher老师。根据“Students even had to travel very far to find a good”可知，学生们要长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。故选D。
15．句意：它们不发生在现代，但它们就像萤火虫的光芒——照亮了通往知识的道路。
and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据“They don’t take place in modern times, ... they are just like the light of fireflies”可知，前后为转折关系，所以填but。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇关于学生周末活动的调查报告。文章详细列出了参与调查的200名学生在周末做作业、看电视、做家务、锻炼和读书等活动的频率，并针对这些结果给出了相关分析和建议。
16．细节理解题。根据文章中“Do homework Every weekend: 180 students”可知，每个周末有180名学生做作业。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据文章中“Watch TV Every weekend: 120 students; Sometimes: 60 students; Never: 20 students”可知，周末从不看电视的学生有20名。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章中“Do housework Every weekend: 80 students”可知，每个周末做家务的学生有80名，总人数为200名，所以每个周末做家务的学生所占百分比为80/200=40%。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章中“Read books Every weekend: 40 students; Sometimes: 80 students; Never: 80 students”可知，周末从不读书的学生有80名。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据文章中“But some students have too much homework, so they don’t have time to exercise or read books.”可知，有些学生作业太多，所以他们没有时间锻炼或读书。故选B。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个老师和一个办公室职员都在花园里种植了相同的植物，职员对植物照顾的非常好，而老师只是给它们浇一点点水；后来一场暴风雨后，职员的植物被连根拔起，而老师的却安然无恙。职员很惊讶，老师对他说：我只是给了它们一点点水，所以它们的根长得更深，以获得更多的水，这让它们更坚强。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them,”可知，那位老教师每天给植物浇少量的水。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted,”可知，第二天早上，办公室职员看到他的植物被连根拔起。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段“I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”可知，老教师给它们一点点水，使它们的根长得更深，以便得到更多的水，使他们更强壮，由此推断老教师是很明智的。故选B。
24．推理判断题。通读全文可知，老教师给植物浇少量的水，没有过度呵护，结果植物在大雨过后安然无恙。由此推断老教师擅长种植物。故选A。
25．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it.”可知，一味地浇水会使植物的根弱化，而适量的浇水可以让植物的根去自主寻找更多的水分。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。故选B。
26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三项考古发现：吉萨金字塔的隐藏走廊、天津古城墙遗址的元代遗迹以及秘鲁新发现的纳斯卡线条。
26．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章三段内容均涉及考古发现（金字塔走廊、古城墙遗迹、纳斯卡线条），属于“发现”类主题。选项B“DISCOVERY”最符合。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it”可知，科学家使用微型摄像机探查而非破坏金字塔，故用的方法很巧妙。故选A。
28．最佳标题题。根据“Over 2,000 relics (遗迹)…found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin”可知，本段核心内容是遗迹发现。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown”可知，纳斯卡线条的用途和建造方式仍未知，即存在未解之谜。故选C。
30．推理判断题。综合全文，三项发现均有助于研究古代历史与文化：金字塔走廊可能用于承重（第1段）、天津遗迹提供城市历史证据（第2段）、纳斯卡线条反映古代文明（第3段）。故选D。
31．G 32．B 33．F 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了天气预报的重要性和相关工具。
31．根据“The weather can be sunny or stormy. It can be warm or cool. It also can be rainy, cloudy or windy.”可知下文介绍了不同的天气类型，G选项“有不同类型的天气”符合语境。故选G。
32．根据“When we get information ahead of time,”可知提前知道天气，可以做出应对，B选项“准备好能够帮助我们保持安全”符合语境。故选B。
33．根据“A meteorologist（气象学家） is a person whose job is to forecast the weather.”可知此处介绍气象学家的工作，F选项“有很多工具来帮助气象学家做这份工作”符合语境。故选F。
34．根据“A wind vane（风向标） provides this information.”可知此处介绍与风向标有关内容，D选项“知道风往哪个方向吹很有用”符合语境。故选D。
35．根据“As our knowledge about weather gets better, the forecasts become more correct.”可知这是最后一段总结天气预报，A选项“天气预报不总是正确”符合语境。故选A。
36．independent
【解析】句意：作为中学生，我们应该试着独立。根据“we should try to be...”可知，空处应用形容词作表语，independence的形容词为independent“独立的”。故填independent。
37．development
【解析】句意：随着雄安新区的发展，成千上万的人能在那里找到工作。“the+名词+of...”是固定结构，develop是动词，其名词形式development“发展”，为不可数名词。故填development。
38．communication
【解析】句意：微信使人们之间的交流更加方便。have communication with…“与……交流”，是固定搭配。故填communication。
39．beat
【解析】句意：鼓手大声击鼓，创造出令人兴奋的节奏。根据“created”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式beat“击打”。故填beat。
40．Suddenly
【解析】句意：突然，他跳起来并走出了房间。句子需要副词形式来修饰动词“jumped”和“went”，表示动作发生的方式，应将“sudden”变为副词“suddenly”。故填Suddenly。
41．throw
【解析】句意：请记住不要随处乱扔垃圾。throw“扔”，remember not to do sth“记住不要做某事”，故填throw。
42．typical
【解析】句意：这所房子建于19世纪，是那个时代的典型风格。根据空格后的名词“style”可知，此处需填形容词作定语。中文提示“典型的”对应形容词“typical”，故填typical。
43．allow
【解析】句意：我父母只允许我做完作业后看电视。根据中文提示可知，allow“允许”，动词原形；又根据句意可知，此处在陈述事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是My parents，所以谓语动词用原形。故填allow。
44．beat
【解析】句意：我们队非常努力，以至于在这场比赛中打败了最强的队伍。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需填写beat“打败”，为动词；worked为动词过去式，题干为一般过去时，前后时态需保持一致，beat过去式为beat。故填beat。
45．shocked
【解析】句意：当我们听到这个消息时，我们都很震惊。震惊的：shocked，形容词，作表语描述人的感受。故填shocked。
46．develop good habits from an early age
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“从小培养良好的习惯”，“从小培养良好的习惯”的英文表达为develop good habits from an early age；又根据空格前“This helps us”可知，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处动词develop保持原形即可。故填develop good habits from an early age。
47．so that
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“以便”。so that表示“以便”，引导目的状语从句。故填so；that。
48．look through
【解析】“快速浏览”look through，remember to do sth表示“记得做某事”，to后接动词原形，look through符合语境。故填look；through。
49．realized
【解析】realize“意识到”，该句是一般过去时，描述发生过的动作，因此动词填过去式realized。故填realized。
50．looked out of
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“向……外看”，“向……外看”的英文表达为look out of，动词短语；又根据“I realized that the rainstorm was coming.”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处动词look的过去式looked。故填looked；out；of。
51．answered 52．for 53．friend’s 54．hardly 55．him 56．is 57．learn 58．fifth 59．stories 60．doing
【导语】本文主要介绍了雷锋精神以及后人对其精神的学习。
51．句意：雷锋用他对祖国的奉献回答了这个问题。根据“this question”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指回答问题，句子时态为一般过去时，用answered。故填answered。
52．句意：他为老人提行李，给孩子们送食物。此处表示动作的服务对象，for符合。故填for。
53．句意：他曾经把所有的钱都给了朋友生病的父母。根据“He once gave all his money to his…sick parents.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指把所有的钱都给了朋友生病的父母，此处表示所属关系，用’s所有格形式，用friend’s。故填friend’s。
54．句意：雷锋几乎没说他做了什么。根据“After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about …”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指雷锋几乎没说他做了什么，hardly符合。故填hardly。
55．句意：1962年他去世后，人们发现了他的日记并了解了他。此处指雷锋，用人称代词宾格him。故填him。
56．句意：人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。此处为there be句型，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“a limit”，用is。故填is。
57．句意：1963年，毛泽东主席号召全国向雷锋学习，并将每年的3月5日定为雷锋日。learn from…“向……学习”，根据空前的不定式符号to可知，此处用动词原形。故填learn。
58．句意：今年，石家庄市的一些五年级学生将共享单车整齐地摆放在路边。根据“…graders…”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指五年级学生，用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
59．句意：大连一所小学的学生给别人讲雷锋的故事。根据“Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng’s …to others.”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指讲雷锋的故事，story符合，用复数形式，表示泛指。故填stories。
60．句意：我学习雷锋的无私精神，想通过做小事来帮助别人。do small things“做小事”，根据空前的介词by可知，此处用动名词形式。故填doing。
61．in 62．makes 63．Bad 64．a 65．rainy 66．us 67．first 68．easily 69．photos 70．or
【导语】本文主要通过举例和逻辑阐述，强调了天气的重要性及人们如何根据天气安排活动。
61．句意：天气会以这样或那样的方式影响着我们每一个人。根据“Weather affects (影响) all of us... one way or another.”可知，此处指天气以这样或那样的方式影响着我们每一个人。这里in one way or another为固定搭配，意为“以这样或那样的方式”，故填in。
62．句意：比如，好天气能使人愉悦。根据“For example, good weather... (make) people happy.”可知，此处指好天气能让人愉悦。由于所给词为make，主语是good weather，第三人称单数形式，因此动词应为makes，故填makes。
63．句意：糟糕的天气使人生病或情绪低落。根据“... (worse) weather makes people ill or sad.”可知，由于所给词为worse，worse是bad的比较级，而短文中无“与其他天气对比”，因此需用原级bad，修饰名词weather，bad位于句首，因此首字母要大写，故填Bad。
64．句意：例如，在晴朗的日子里，人们可以去散步或是在户外做游戏。根据“For example, on a fine day, one can go for... walk or play games in the open air.”可知，此处是指在晴朗的日子里，人们可以去散步或是在户外做游戏。由于此处是go for a walk固定搭配，意为“去散步”，故填a。
65．句意：然而，在下雨天，他只能待在室内。根据“On a... (rain) day, however, he can only stay indoors.”可知，此处是指在下雨天，他只能待在室内。由于所给词为rain，空后为名词day，因此空处应填入形容词rainy，意为“下雨的”。故填rainy。
66．句意：总之，天气是我们所有人生活中的一部分。根据“In a word, weather is part of life for all of... (we).”可知，此处是指天气是我们所有人生活中的一部分。由于所给词为we，此处是作介词后面的宾语，应用其宾格形式，故填us。
67．句意：很多人起床后的第一件事就是看看天气如何。根据“The... (one) thing that many people do after getting up is to see what the weather is like.”可知，此处是指起床后的第一件事是看看天气如何，由于所给词为one，此处应用其序数词，故填first。
68．句意：掌握了天气情况，人们就能轻松地规划当天的工作与生活。根据“With the knowledge (知识) of weather, people can... (easy) plan their work and life of the day.”可知，此处是指人们能轻松地规划当天的工作与生活。由于所给词为easy，修饰动词plan，因此空处应填入副词，故填easily。
69．句意：如果天气晴朗，他或许会去野餐，并拍一些照片。根据“If it is fine, he may go on a picnic and take some... (photo).”可知，此处是指他或许会去野餐并拍一些照片，take some photos为固定搭配，意为“拍照片”。故填photos。
70．句意：如果是阴天，当他出门时，就必须带上雨衣或雨伞。根据“If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat... an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house.”可知，此处是指出门时带着雨衣或雨伞，表示选择关系，故填or。
71．The best time to visit Beijing is September and October. 72．北京的夏天很热，雨水很多。 73．It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night. 74．Below 0 °C. 75．From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京的四季。
71．根据题干可知，最好的时间“the best time”，作主语；参观北京“to visit Beijing”作后置定语，修饰the best time；是“is”，系动词，一般现在时的单数形式；九月和十月“September and October”作表语。故填The best time to visit Beijing is September and October.
72．根据题意可知，Summer“夏天”，作主语；in Beijing“在北京”，作定语，修饰summer，表示“北京的夏天”；is very hot“很热”；with much rain“雨水很多”作状语，表伴随。故填：北京的夏天很热，雨水很多。
73．根据“It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night.”可知，春天的天气温暖、多风、干燥，但晚上很冷。故填It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night.
74．根据“The average temperature in December, January and February is below 0 °C.”可知，12月、1月和2月的平均气温低于0°C。故填Below 0 °C.
75．根据“The temperature comes down from late October, so you must wear warm clothing.”可知，气温从十月下旬开始下降，所以你必须穿暖和的衣服；文中与之相同的句子为“From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.”。故填From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
76．例文
Dear Sandy,
I’m very glad to get your letter.
My favourite season is autumn. I like it because Mid-Autumn Festival is in this season. My family and I eat moon cakes and enjoy the full moon at the festival. It is cool and sunny in autumn and the sky is blue. If you walk around my school, you can see leaves on the trees turn brown or yellow and fall into piles upon the ground. At this time of year, our school looks so beautiful. During this season, I can go for different activities with my classmates. Our school holds a sports meeting every autumn. My classmates and I always take an active part in it. We have fun chatting with each other and cheering for our friends. Sometimes, we go cycling in the park. How happy we are!
Hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Joan
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一封书信；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据信件内容作出相应回答，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表达自己收到来信的心情（已给出）；
第二步，根据信件内容做出回应，具体介绍自己喜欢的季节，喜欢这个季节的理由，天气情况，在这个季节学校的样子以及这个季节经常和同学们做的事情；
第三步，表达期待收到回信（已给出）。
[亮点词汇]
①turn brown or yellow变成棕色或者黄色
②look so beautiful看起来如此美丽
③take an active part in积极参与
[高分句型]
①If you walk around my school, you can see leaves on the trees turn brown or yellow and fall into piles upon the ground.（if引导的条件状语从句）
②How happy we are!（感叹句）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级上册英语鲁教版（五四学制）Unit 1-Unit 3
阶段核心素养培优卷
本试卷共10页，满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、完形填空（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
During the Jin Dynasty (265—420), there 1 a child named Che Yin. He was 2 and loved to read. He grew up in a poor family and couldn’t pay for lamp oil (油) to 3 at night.
One night, he saw fireflies (萤火虫) 4 his house and thought of an idea. He 5 some fireflies in a cloth bag and used the bag as a lamp. It is said that he 6 all of his summer nights reading like this.
Another child named Sun Kang also loved 7 . One night during 8 , Sun used up all of his lamp oil and 9 study at night. When he woke up at midnight, he saw the snow reflecting (反射) the moonlight outside his house. “Oh, I can use the reflected light 10 !” he thought. He took out his books and read, though he was freezing cold.
Both of these kids later became 11 . People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).
In the past, people had a 12 harder time studying than we do. They might have to copy books by hand because there were few books then. For poor families, paper and writing brushes (毛笔) were often too 13 . Students even had to travel very far to find a good 14 . But these difficulties did not stop young minds from learning.
All of us can learn a lot from these stories. They don’t take place in modern times, 15 they are just like the light of fireflies—they light up the road to knowledge.
1．A．were B．are C．is D．was
2．A．smart B．foolish C．sad D．generous
3．A．play B．study C．draw D．dance
4．A．down B．with C．outside D．between
5．A．caught B．found C．bought D．brought
6．A．took B．spent C．cost D．paid
7．A．speaking B．listening C．writing D．reading
8．A．summer B．spring C．winter D．autumn
9．A．couldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t
10．A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading
11．A．famous B．rich C．poor D．kind
12．A．little B．much C．less D．more
13．A．high B．cheap C．expensive D．low
14．A．painter B．postman C．doctor D．teacher
15．A．and B．but C．because D．so
二、阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读以下三篇短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
A
A survey about students’ weekend activities was done in our school. Here are the results of 200 students.
Activities How often do students do them
Do homework Every weekend: 180 students; Sometimes: 20 students
Watch TV Every weekend: 120 students; Sometimes: 60 students; Never: 20 students
Do housework Every weekend: 80 students; Sometimes: 100 students; Never: 20 students
Exercise Every weekend: 60 students; Sometimes: 90 students; Never: 50 students
Read books Every weekend: 40 students; Sometimes: 80 students; Never: 80 students
From the survey, we can see that most students do homework every weekend. It’s important for students to finish their homework. But some students have too much homework, so they don’t have time to exercise or read books.
Many students watch TV on weekends. Some watch TV for more than 3 hours a day. It’s bad for their eyes. Parents should tell their children to watch less TV.
Only 30% of students exercise every weekend. Exercise is good for our health. Students should exercise at least twice a week.
Reading books is also important. But 40% of students never read books on weekends. We think students should spend more time reading.
16．How many students do homework every weekend
A．200. B．180. C．120. D．80.
17．How many students never watch TV on weekends
A．20. B．40. C．60. D．80.
18．What percentage of students do housework every weekend
A．20%. B．30%. C．40%. D．50%.
19．How many students never read books on weekends
A．40. B．80. C．120. D．160.
20．What can we learn from the survey
A．Most students exercise every weekend. B．Some students have too much homework.
C．All students watch TV on weekends. D．Few students do homework on weekends.
B
Once there were two neighbors. One of them was an old teacher and the other was an office worker. Both of them planted the same plants in their gardens. The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them, while his neighbor gave much water to his plants and looked after them well.
The old teacher’s plants were simple but looked good. The office worker’s plants were much taller and greener. One night, there was a heavy rain. The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted (连根拔起), but the old teacher’s plants stood firmly (稳固地).
The neighbor was surprised and went to the old teacher and asked, “We both grew the same plants together. I looked after my plants better than you did, and I even gave them more water. However, my plants were uprooted, while yours weren’t. Why ”
The old teacher smiled and said, “You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it. I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
21．How did the old teacher care about his plant
A．He gave his plants a little water. B．He was too old to look after his plants.
C．He took good care of his plants. D．He asked his neighbor to help with his plants.
22．What happened to the office worker’s plants after a heavy rain
A．His plants stood firmly. B．His plants looked better.
C．His plants were uprooted. D．His plants became greener.
23．What do you think of the old teacher according to the passage
A．Interesting. B．Smart. C．Friendly. D．Stupid.
24．What can we know from the passage
A．The old teacher was very good at planting.
B．The office worker was the old teacher’s student before.
C．The old teacher didn’t like working with the office worker.
D．The office worker’s plants were different from the teacher’s.
25．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Growing plants is not as easy as it looks.
B．Too much care can make us become weak.
C．A heavy rain can make the plants in the garden die.
D．Plants know how to look after themselves in the heavy rain.
C
Secret Hallway Inside Pyramid
Scientists noticed a hidden hallway inside the Great Pyramid of Giza in 2016. Now, they have learned exactly where it is and how big it is. They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it. It may have been used to help spread out the weight of the pyramid.
▲
Over 2,000 relics (遗迹) dating back to the Yuan Dynasty have been found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin. The relics include the base of the city wall, roads, and so on. They have provided evidence (证据) of the history of the ancient Tianjin city, which is believed to be built no later than the early Ming Dynasty.
New Nazca Lines (纳斯卡线条) in Peru
168 new Nazca Lines were found in Peru. Those huge animals carved (雕刻) into the desert date back more than 2,000 years. They are smaller than earlier finds and can be seen from the ground. Most of the earlier finds can only be seen from the air. The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown.
26．In which SECTION of the newspaper can we read the news
A．TRAVEL. B．DISCOVERY.
C．TODAY IN HISTORY. D．AMAZING PICTURES.
27．During the process of finding the secret hallway, ________.
A．scientists used a smart way B．the pyramid was opened
C．its size was known in 2016 D．scientists knew exactly what it was for
28．What would be the best heading for the second piece of news
A．Let’s Look at Tianjin! B．When Was It Built
C．Ancient City Wall Relics Found D．Lost City of the Ming Dynasty Discovered
29．Which shows the fact of Nazca Lines in Peru
A．They were made in modern times. B．New finds can’t be seen from the air.
C．There are still secrets about them. D．The total number of the designs known is 168.
30．All the findings above ________.
A．show the spirit of scientists
B．took people a lot of time and money
C．encourage more people to travel around the world
D．help people dig into ancient history and cultures
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The weather forecast tells what the temperature and air conditions will be in the near future. 31 The weather can be sunny or stormy. It can be warm or cool. It also can be rainy, cloudy or windy. Sometimes, weather is terrible. A snowstorm or a thunderstorm may happen quickly. When we get information ahead of time, 32
A meteorologist（气象学家） is a person whose job is to forecast the weather. 33 A tool for getting a correct measurement of the temperature is a thermometer. A high temperature probably means plenty of sunshine for everyone.
In rainy weather, a meteorologist uses a rain gauge. A rain gauge gives data about how much rain is falling outdoors. After it rains, you may be able to see a rainbow. A rainbow comes up when the sun comes out and there is still rain in the air.
Wind brings us our weather. It blows clouds from one place to another. 34 A wind vane（风向标） provides this information. Knowing the wind direction helps a meteorologist know what weather is coming.
35 As our knowledge about weather gets better, the forecasts become more correct.
A．Weather forecasts are not always right.
B．Being prepared helps us stay safe.
C．A lot of people help the meteorologist do his job.
D．It is helpful to know which direction the wind is blowing.
E．It is hard to know which direction the wind is blowing.
F．There are many tools to help the meteorologist do his job.
G．There are different types of weather.
三、词汇应用（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）
36．As middle school students, we should try to be (independence).
37．With the (develop) of Xiong’an New Area, thousands of people can find jobs there.
38．WeChat makes it more convenient for people to have (communicate) with each other.
39．The drummer (beat) the drums loudly and created an exciting rhythm.
40． (sudden), he jumped up and went out of the room.
41．Remember not to (扔) litter here and there.
42．The house was built in the 19th century and is a (典型的) style of that time.
43．My parents (允许) me to watch TV only after I finish my homework.
44．Our team worked so hard that we (打败) the strongest team in this match.
45．When we heard the news, we were all (震惊的).
四、完成句子（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
46．这有助于我们从小培养良好的习惯。
This helps us .
47．我在你桌上放了一个闹钟，以便你随时查看时间。
I put a clock on your desk you can check it anytime you want.
48．在做听力考试前，记得快速浏览一下所有的问题。
Remember to all the questions quickly before the listening test.
49．看完阅兵后，我们每个人都更加意识到了自豪感和对祖国的热爱。
After watching the military parade, we each our pride and love for the motherland.
50．我向窗外看，然后意识到暴风雨要来了。
I the window, and then I realized that the rainstorm was coming.
五、短文选词填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
短文填空：用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确。（每个单词限用一次）
for story be five friend answer he learn hardly do
If you were a little screw (螺丝), could you stick to your post (坚守岗位) forever Lei Feng 51 this question with his service to his country.
Lei Feng was a Chinese soldier. During the 22 years he was alive, he helped many people. He carried luggage (行李) 52 the elderly and gave food to children. He once gave all his money to his 53 sick parents. He darned (缝补) pants and socks for his teammates.
Lei Feng 54 spoke about what he did. After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about 55 . He became a symbol of the “giving spirit”. “There 56 a limit (限度) to one’s life, but no limit to serve the people,” Lei Feng said.
In 1963, Chairman Mao Zedong called on the nation to 57 from Lei Feng, and each year’s March 5th has been named as Lei Feng Day. On that day, students do all kinds of volunteer work to learn from the model. This year, some 58 graders in Shijiazhuang put the shared bikes along the road in order. Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng’s 59 to others. “I learn from Lei Feng’s selflessness (无私) and want to help others by 60 small things,” said one student.
六、短文语法填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文内容，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Weather is very important in our daily lives. Weather affects (影响) all of us 61 one way or another. For example, good weather 62 (make) people happy. 63 (worse) weather makes people ill or sad. For example, on a fine day, one can go for 64 walk or play games in the open air. On a 65 (rain) day, however, he can only stay indoors. In a word, weather is part of life for all of 66 (we).
The 67 (one) thing that many people do after getting up is to see what the weather is like. With the knowledge (知识) of weather, people can 68 (easy) plan their work and life of the day. If it is fine, he may go on a picnic and take some 69 (photo). If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat 70 an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house. Whatever the weather may be, one wants to plan his activities according to (根据) it.
七、读写结合（共两节，满分25分）
第一节 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
There are four seasons in Beijing, the capital of China— short windy spring, long hot summer, cool pleasant autumn and long cold winter. The hottest month is July and the coldest is January.①参观北京最好的时间是在九月和十月。
Spring
To visit this city in spring (early April till the end of May) you need to bring light (薄型的) clothing: long— sleeved shirts (长袖衬衫) or T-shirts, one or two jackets and sweaters. It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night. Dress warmly when going out at night.
Summer
②Summer in Beijing is very hot with much rain. This calls for light clothes as the temperature in July and August ranges (变化) between 30 ℃and 40 ℃. Short and heavy rain-storms may come suddenly in the afternoon on sunny days.
Autumn
The short but beautiful autumn (from mid -September to the end of October) is travellers’ all-time favourite. Autumn in this city enjoys mild temperature and a lot of sunshine. Long-sleeved shirts and thin coats are necessary for autumn. From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
Winter
This city has a cold, dry and long winter from early November to the next March. The cold days have no let up (缓和) despite (尽管) sunny days. The average temperature in December, January and February is below 0 °C． Be sure to wear wool sweaters and thick coats for winter.
71．把①处划线句子翻译成英语。
72．把②划划线句子翻译成汉语。
73．What’s the weather like in Beijing in spring
74．What’s the average temperature in December, January and February
75．从文中找出与下面所给句子意思相同的句子。
The temperature comes down from late October, so you must wear warm clothing.
第二节 书面表达（共1题，满分15分）
76．假如你是Joan，就读于阳光中学，Sandy是你的笔友，下面是她给你的来信，请你根据她的来信，用英语给她写一封回信。
Dear Joan, The other day, I saw some pictures of your school in different seasons online. How beautiful! I believe your school life must be colourful. So I’m writing to ask for more information about you and your school life. Would you please tell me: What is your favourite season and why How is the weather in your favourite season What’s your school like in your favourite season What do you and your classmates often do in your favourite season Looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Sandy
注意：
1. 文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；
2．条理清楚，要点全面，书写规范；
3．词数100左右，文章的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Sandy,
I’m very glad to get your letter.
—————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Joan
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 新课备课备考 | 英语学科
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案及试题解析
1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了“囊萤映雪”的故事，告诉我们应该努力追求知识。
1．句意：在晋朝 (265—420)，有一个孩子叫车胤。
were是，be的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式；are是，be的第二人称单数形式和第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数形式；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；was是，be的第一人称和第三人称单数过去式。根据“During the Jin Dynasty”可知，句子用一般过去时，“a child”是单数，be动词用was。故选D。
2．句意：他很聪明，喜欢读书。
smart聪明的；foolish愚蠢的；sad伤心的；generous慷慨的。根据“and loved to read”可知他喜欢读书，很聪明。故选A。
3．句意：他在一个贫困的家庭长大，晚上买不起灯油学习。
play玩；study学习；draw画；dance跳舞。根据“loved to read”可知，他喜欢看书，所以买不起灯油晚用来晚上学习，其他选项不符合句意，故选B。
4．句意：一天晚上，他看到屋外有萤火虫，想到了一个主意。
down向下；with和；outside在外面；between在中间。根据“he saw fireflies (萤火虫) ... his house”可知，萤火虫在屋外。故选C。
5．句意：他在布袋里抓了一些萤火虫，把袋子挂起来当灯。
caught抓住；found发现；bought买；brought带来。根据“some fireflies in a cloth bag and hung the bag up as a lamp”可知是抓了一些萤火虫。故选A。
6． 句意：据说他整个夏夜都是这样读书的。
took花费，一般用于做某事花费时间；spent花费，人作主语；cost花费，物作主语；paid支付，人作主语。根据“all of his summer nights reading like this.”可知考查sb. spend time doing sth.“某人花费时间做某事”。故选B。
7．句意：另一个叫孙康的孩子也喜欢读书。
speaking说；listening听；writing写；reading读。根据“also loved”可知，他也喜欢读书。故选D。
8．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
summer夏天；spring春天；winter冬天；autumn秋天。根据“he saw the snow”可知，是在冬天。故选C。
9．句意：冬天的一个晚上，孙用完了所有的灯油，晚上无法学习。
couldn’t不能；can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；shouldn’t不应该。根据“Sun used up all of his lamp oil”可知，灯油用完了，不能学习，时态为一般过去时，所以用couldn’t。故选A。
10．句意：“哦，我可以用反射光看书！”他想。
read读，动词原形；reads动词第三人称单数；to read动词不定式；reading动名词。考查use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”，所以填动词不定式。故选C。
11．句意：这两个孩子后来都出名了。
famous著名的；rich富有的；poor穷的；kind和蔼的。根据“People were touched by their hardworking spirit (精神) and turned their stories into the Chinese idiom (成语) nang ying ying xue (囊萤映雪).”可知，他们后来变得著名了。故选A。
12．句意：过去，人们学习比我们困难得多。
little几乎没有；much很多；less更少；more更多。根据"harder time studying than we do“可知，过去比现在困难得多，修饰比较级用much。故选B。
13．句意：对于贫困家庭来说，纸张和毛笔往往太贵了。
high高；cheap便宜的；expensive昂贵的；low低的。根据“For poor families”可知，对于穷人来说，纸和毛笔很贵。故选C。
14．句意：学生们甚至不得不长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。
painter画家；postman邮递员；doctor医生；teacher老师。根据“Students even had to travel very far to find a good”可知，学生们要长途跋涉才能找到一位好老师。故选D。
15．句意：它们不发生在现代，但它们就像萤火虫的光芒——照亮了通往知识的道路。
and和；but但是；because因为；so所以。根据“They don’t take place in modern times, ... they are just like the light of fireflies”可知，前后为转折关系，所以填but。故选B。
16．B 17．A 18．C 19．B 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇关于学生周末活动的调查报告。文章详细列出了参与调查的200名学生在周末做作业、看电视、做家务、锻炼和读书等活动的频率，并针对这些结果给出了相关分析和建议。
16．细节理解题。根据文章中“Do homework Every weekend: 180 students”可知，每个周末有180名学生做作业。故选B。
17．细节理解题。根据文章中“Watch TV Every weekend: 120 students; Sometimes: 60 students; Never: 20 students”可知，周末从不看电视的学生有20名。故选A。
18．细节理解题。根据文章中“Do housework Every weekend: 80 students”可知，每个周末做家务的学生有80名，总人数为200名，所以每个周末做家务的学生所占百分比为80/200=40%。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据文章中“Read books Every weekend: 40 students; Sometimes: 80 students; Never: 80 students”可知，周末从不读书的学生有80名。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据文章中“But some students have too much homework, so they don’t have time to exercise or read books.”可知，有些学生作业太多，所以他们没有时间锻炼或读书。故选B。
21．A 22．C 23．B 24．A 25．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个老师和一个办公室职员都在花园里种植了相同的植物，职员对植物照顾的非常好，而老师只是给它们浇一点点水；后来一场暴风雨后，职员的植物被连根拔起，而老师的却安然无恙。职员很惊讶，老师对他说：我只是给了它们一点点水，所以它们的根长得更深，以获得更多的水，这让它们更坚强。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“The old teacher gave a little water to his plants every day and didn’t always care for them,”可知，那位老教师每天给植物浇少量的水。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“The next morning, the office worker saw his plants were uprooted,”可知，第二天早上，办公室职员看到他的植物被连根拔起。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据第四段“I gave them a little water, so their roots grew deeper to get more water. It made them stronger.”可知，老教师给它们一点点水，使它们的根长得更深，以便得到更多的水，使他们更强壮，由此推断老教师是很明智的。故选B。
24．推理判断题。通读全文可知，老教师给植物浇少量的水，没有过度呵护，结果植物在大雨过后安然无恙。由此推断老教师擅长种植物。故选A。
25．主旨大意题。根据最后一段的“You gave your plants more water, so they didn’t need to work for it.”可知，一味地浇水会使植物的根弱化，而适量的浇水可以让植物的根去自主寻找更多的水分。对待人也是一样的道理，过度呵护会使我们变得脆弱。故选B。
26．B 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三项考古发现：吉萨金字塔的隐藏走廊、天津古城墙遗址的元代遗迹以及秘鲁新发现的纳斯卡线条。
26．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章三段内容均涉及考古发现（金字塔走廊、古城墙遗迹、纳斯卡线条），属于“发现”类主题。选项B“DISCOVERY”最符合。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“They used a tiny camera to look inside, and actually saw the hallway instead of breaking into it”可知，科学家使用微型摄像机探查而非破坏金字塔，故用的方法很巧妙。故选A。
28．最佳标题题。根据“Over 2,000 relics (遗迹)…found in an ancient city wall site of Tianjin”可知，本段核心内容是遗迹发现。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“The purpose of the Nazca Lines and how they were built are still unknown”可知，纳斯卡线条的用途和建造方式仍未知，即存在未解之谜。故选C。
30．推理判断题。综合全文，三项发现均有助于研究古代历史与文化：金字塔走廊可能用于承重（第1段）、天津遗迹提供城市历史证据（第2段）、纳斯卡线条反映古代文明（第3段）。故选D。
31．G 32．B 33．F 34．D 35．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了天气预报的重要性和相关工具。
31．根据“The weather can be sunny or stormy. It can be warm or cool. It also can be rainy, cloudy or windy.”可知下文介绍了不同的天气类型，G选项“有不同类型的天气”符合语境。故选G。
32．根据“When we get information ahead of time,”可知提前知道天气，可以做出应对，B选项“准备好能够帮助我们保持安全”符合语境。故选B。
33．根据“A meteorologist（气象学家） is a person whose job is to forecast the weather.”可知此处介绍气象学家的工作，F选项“有很多工具来帮助气象学家做这份工作”符合语境。故选F。
34．根据“A wind vane（风向标） provides this information.”可知此处介绍与风向标有关内容，D选项“知道风往哪个方向吹很有用”符合语境。故选D。
35．根据“As our knowledge about weather gets better, the forecasts become more correct.”可知这是最后一段总结天气预报，A选项“天气预报不总是正确”符合语境。故选A。
36．independent
【解析】句意：作为中学生，我们应该试着独立。根据“we should try to be...”可知，空处应用形容词作表语，independence的形容词为independent“独立的”。故填independent。
37．development
【解析】句意：随着雄安新区的发展，成千上万的人能在那里找到工作。“the+名词+of...”是固定结构，develop是动词，其名词形式development“发展”，为不可数名词。故填development。
38．communication
【解析】句意：微信使人们之间的交流更加方便。have communication with…“与……交流”，是固定搭配。故填communication。
39．beat
【解析】句意：鼓手大声击鼓，创造出令人兴奋的节奏。根据“created”可知句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式beat“击打”。故填beat。
40．Suddenly
【解析】句意：突然，他跳起来并走出了房间。句子需要副词形式来修饰动词“jumped”和“went”，表示动作发生的方式，应将“sudden”变为副词“suddenly”。故填Suddenly。
41．throw
【解析】句意：请记住不要随处乱扔垃圾。throw“扔”，remember not to do sth“记住不要做某事”，故填throw。
42．typical
【解析】句意：这所房子建于19世纪，是那个时代的典型风格。根据空格后的名词“style”可知，此处需填形容词作定语。中文提示“典型的”对应形容词“typical”，故填typical。
43．allow
【解析】句意：我父母只允许我做完作业后看电视。根据中文提示可知，allow“允许”，动词原形；又根据句意可知，此处在陈述事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是My parents，所以谓语动词用原形。故填allow。
44．beat
【解析】句意：我们队非常努力，以至于在这场比赛中打败了最强的队伍。根据汉语提示可知，空格处需填写beat“打败”，为动词；worked为动词过去式，题干为一般过去时，前后时态需保持一致，beat过去式为beat。故填beat。
45．shocked
【解析】句意：当我们听到这个消息时，我们都很震惊。震惊的：shocked，形容词，作表语描述人的感受。故填shocked。
46．develop good habits from an early age
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“从小培养良好的习惯”，“从小培养良好的习惯”的英文表达为develop good habits from an early age；又根据空格前“This helps us”可知，help sb do sth“帮助某人做某事”，固定搭配，所以此处动词develop保持原形即可。故填develop good habits from an early age。
47．so that
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“以便”。so that表示“以便”，引导目的状语从句。故填so；that。
48．look through
【解析】“快速浏览”look through，remember to do sth表示“记得做某事”，to后接动词原形，look through符合语境。故填look；through。
49．realized
【解析】realize“意识到”，该句是一般过去时，描述发生过的动作，因此动词填过去式realized。故填realized。
50．looked out of
【解析】根据中英文对照可知，空缺部分是“向……外看”，“向……外看”的英文表达为look out of，动词短语；又根据“I realized that the rainstorm was coming.”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处动词look的过去式looked。故填looked；out；of。
51．answered 52．for 53．friend’s 54．hardly 55．him 56．is 57．learn 58．fifth 59．stories 60．doing
【导语】本文主要介绍了雷锋精神以及后人对其精神的学习。
51．句意：雷锋用他对祖国的奉献回答了这个问题。根据“this question”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指回答问题，句子时态为一般过去时，用answered。故填answered。
52．句意：他为老人提行李，给孩子们送食物。此处表示动作的服务对象，for符合。故填for。
53．句意：他曾经把所有的钱都给了朋友生病的父母。根据“He once gave all his money to his…sick parents.”的语境并结合备选词汇可知，此处指把所有的钱都给了朋友生病的父母，此处表示所属关系，用’s所有格形式，用friend’s。故填friend’s。
54．句意：雷锋几乎没说他做了什么。根据“After he died in 1962, people found his diary and learned about …”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指雷锋几乎没说他做了什么，hardly符合。故填hardly。
55．句意：1962年他去世后，人们发现了他的日记并了解了他。此处指雷锋，用人称代词宾格him。故填him。
56．句意：人的生命是有限的，但为人民服务是无限的。此处为there be句型，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“a limit”，用is。故填is。
57．句意：1963年，毛泽东主席号召全国向雷锋学习，并将每年的3月5日定为雷锋日。learn from…“向……学习”，根据空前的不定式符号to可知，此处用动词原形。故填learn。
58．句意：今年，石家庄市的一些五年级学生将共享单车整齐地摆放在路边。根据“…graders…”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指五年级学生，用序数词fifth。故填fifth。
59．句意：大连一所小学的学生给别人讲雷锋的故事。根据“Students from a primary school in Dalian told Lei Feng’s …to others.”并结合备选词汇可知，此处指讲雷锋的故事，story符合，用复数形式，表示泛指。故填stories。
60．句意：我学习雷锋的无私精神，想通过做小事来帮助别人。do small things“做小事”，根据空前的介词by可知，此处用动名词形式。故填doing。
61．in 62．makes 63．Bad 64．a 65．rainy 66．us 67．first 68．easily 69．photos 70．or
【导语】本文主要通过举例和逻辑阐述，强调了天气的重要性及人们如何根据天气安排活动。
61．句意：天气会以这样或那样的方式影响着我们每一个人。根据“Weather affects (影响) all of us... one way or another.”可知，此处指天气以这样或那样的方式影响着我们每一个人。这里in one way or another为固定搭配，意为“以这样或那样的方式”，故填in。
62．句意：比如，好天气能使人愉悦。根据“For example, good weather... (make) people happy.”可知，此处指好天气能让人愉悦。由于所给词为make，主语是good weather，第三人称单数形式，因此动词应为makes，故填makes。
63．句意：糟糕的天气使人生病或情绪低落。根据“... (worse) weather makes people ill or sad.”可知，由于所给词为worse，worse是bad的比较级，而短文中无“与其他天气对比”，因此需用原级bad，修饰名词weather，bad位于句首，因此首字母要大写，故填Bad。
64．句意：例如，在晴朗的日子里，人们可以去散步或是在户外做游戏。根据“For example, on a fine day, one can go for... walk or play games in the open air.”可知，此处是指在晴朗的日子里，人们可以去散步或是在户外做游戏。由于此处是go for a walk固定搭配，意为“去散步”，故填a。
65．句意：然而，在下雨天，他只能待在室内。根据“On a... (rain) day, however, he can only stay indoors.”可知，此处是指在下雨天，他只能待在室内。由于所给词为rain，空后为名词day，因此空处应填入形容词rainy，意为“下雨的”。故填rainy。
66．句意：总之，天气是我们所有人生活中的一部分。根据“In a word, weather is part of life for all of... (we).”可知，此处是指天气是我们所有人生活中的一部分。由于所给词为we，此处是作介词后面的宾语，应用其宾格形式，故填us。
67．句意：很多人起床后的第一件事就是看看天气如何。根据“The... (one) thing that many people do after getting up is to see what the weather is like.”可知，此处是指起床后的第一件事是看看天气如何，由于所给词为one，此处应用其序数词，故填first。
68．句意：掌握了天气情况，人们就能轻松地规划当天的工作与生活。根据“With the knowledge (知识) of weather, people can... (easy) plan their work and life of the day.”可知，此处是指人们能轻松地规划当天的工作与生活。由于所给词为easy，修饰动词plan，因此空处应填入副词，故填easily。
69．句意：如果天气晴朗，他或许会去野餐，并拍一些照片。根据“If it is fine, he may go on a picnic and take some... (photo).”可知，此处是指他或许会去野餐并拍一些照片，take some photos为固定搭配，意为“拍照片”。故填photos。
70．句意：如果是阴天，当他出门时，就必须带上雨衣或雨伞。根据“If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat... an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house.”可知，此处是指出门时带着雨衣或雨伞，表示选择关系，故填or。
71．The best time to visit Beijing is September and October. 72．北京的夏天很热，雨水很多。 73．It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night. 74．Below 0 °C. 75．From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了北京的四季。
71．根据题干可知，最好的时间“the best time”，作主语；参观北京“to visit Beijing”作后置定语，修饰the best time；是“is”，系动词，一般现在时的单数形式；九月和十月“September and October”作表语。故填The best time to visit Beijing is September and October.
72．根据题意可知，Summer“夏天”，作主语；in Beijing“在北京”，作定语，修饰summer，表示“北京的夏天”；is very hot“很热”；with much rain“雨水很多”作状语，表伴随。故填：北京的夏天很热，雨水很多。
73．根据“It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night.”可知，春天的天气温暖、多风、干燥，但晚上很冷。故填It is warm, windy and dry but very cold at night.
74．根据“The average temperature in December, January and February is below 0 °C.”可知，12月、1月和2月的平均气温低于0°C。故填Below 0 °C.
75．根据“The temperature comes down from late October, so you must wear warm clothing.”可知，气温从十月下旬开始下降，所以你必须穿暖和的衣服；文中与之相同的句子为“From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.”。故填From late October the temperature comes down, so warm clothing is a must.
76．例文
Dear Sandy,
I’m very glad to get your letter.
My favourite season is autumn. I like it because Mid-Autumn Festival is in this season. My family and I eat moon cakes and enjoy the full moon at the festival. It is cool and sunny in autumn and the sky is blue. If you walk around my school, you can see leaves on the trees turn brown or yellow and fall into piles upon the ground. At this time of year, our school looks so beautiful. During this season, I can go for different activities with my classmates. Our school holds a sports meeting every autumn. My classmates and I always take an active part in it. We have fun chatting with each other and cheering for our friends. Sometimes, we go cycling in the park. How happy we are!
Hope to get your letter soon.
Yours,
Joan
【解析】[总体分析]
①题材：本文是一封书信；
②时态：时态为“一般现在时”；
③提示：根据信件内容作出相应回答，考生注意不要遗漏要点，并适当添加细节，突出重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步，表达自己收到来信的心情（已给出）；
第二步，根据信件内容做出回应，具体介绍自己喜欢的季节，喜欢这个季节的理由，天气情况，在这个季节学校的样子以及这个季节经常和同学们做的事情；
第三步，表达期待收到回信（已给出）。
[亮点词汇]
①turn brown or yellow变成棕色或者黄色
②look so beautiful看起来如此美丽
③take an active part in积极参与
[高分句型]
①If you walk around my school, you can see leaves on the trees turn brown or yellow and fall into piles upon the ground.（if引导的条件状语从句）
②How happy we are!（感叹句）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
同课章节目录