Unit 9 Wheels (Grammar)
----Present Perfect & Present Perfect Continuous
Reading material 1:
Mrs. Clark and her daughter Sarah have been out shopping, and they’ve just returned home. They bought Sarah a new sweater, and she’s already put it on. It’s so new that they haven’t even removed the tag(标签) yet.
Mrs. Clark has just opened a letter, and she’s received some bad news. She’s lost her job! For the past year she’s worked as a private secretary for a rich musician. Now the musician has decided to stop working, and he’s asked Mrs. Clark to find another job. Mrs. Clark is the only money earner in the family, since her husband has died.
The letter has upset Mrs. Clark very much. She’s crying. She’s recently bought a new house, a new car, and many new clothes for her job. She hasn’t paid for them yet. Now she may not be able to pay for them, because she hasn’t saved much money.
Sara has heard the bad news, but she really doesn’t understand much about money. She’s more worried about her mother. Mrs. Clark has never cried in front of her daughter before.
Read and find out:
The form of Present Perfect tense: _________________________
1. What has just happened?
2. How long has the woman worked for the rich musician?
3. Why is the mother crying?
Sum up the Present Perfect tense:
An action has _____________________before the present time.
An action has _____________________ the present situation.
What is important here is not how long the activity lasted, but that______________.
Activity 1: Pair work
Suppose now your Mom is on business in Hong Kong, and she is calling to know whether everything is going on well so far. Talk about the things you and your mother have already done (with√) and the things you haven’t done yet (without √).
Add more if necessary to make the conversation real!
For example:
“This is Mom speaking, have you…”
Child:
Have dinner
Do yesterday’s homework√
Buy some bread√
…
Mother:
Take the medicine √
Look for some gifts for you√
Taste some local snacks
…
Reading material 2:
When the weather is cold, it’s not very much fun to wait for a bus. These people have been standing on the corner for fifteen minutes. They’ve been watching the traffic, looking for the bus, and hoping it will come soon. They’ve been talking about the bus and complaining about the weather. Most of them feel cold. One smart man has been drinking coffee to stay warm.
Traveling on buses decreases pollution, but people often would rather drive their cars. Many people aren’t used to the bus schedules, and they don’t like to wait.
On the other hand, many people have been taking the buses every day for many years. They’re used to it. They say the bus has been coming on time every day, and they’ve never been late to work. In addition, they haven’t needed a parking place in all that time, buses are very convenient when you’re used to them.
Questions:
1. How long have the people been waiting for the bus?
2. What have they been doing?
3. Why has the smart man been drinking coffee?
4. Why have many people been taking the buses every day for many years?
The form of _______________ tense: _____________________________
Sum up:
1. The activities or states that began_____________ and have __________to the present.
2. The activity or state has ___________at the present time; it is still ________.
3. What is important here is that the things are still going on, ______________!
Activity 2:
Today’s date_________ Time now_________
Example: Amy started feeling sick at this time yesterday. So she has been feeling sick for 24 hours.
Bill started English classes five years ago, so he _____________English since ________.
Peter first moved into his apartment four years ago. That means he ____________________________ since_______________.
Tom began working in this company two months ago. So he _____________________________since____________.
It started raining at about 9 a.m. So it _____________ for __________hours.
Activity 3:
Pair work:
Imagine you are talking to the people who wrote the card. Make new conversations with your partner.
Example:1. To do:
Try to get better at tennis.
Play: Monday
Wednesday
Friday
Sunday
A: What have you been doing lately?
B: I’ve been trying to get better at tennis.
A: Oh, really?
B: Yes, in fact, I have played four times this week.
2. To do:
Plant trees in the yard
Sun: 2 orange trees
Fri: 2 orange trees
Sat: 2 orange trees
3. To do:
Go to a lot of old movies
Wed: Addams family
Fri: Indiana Jones
Sun: Gone with the Wind
Activity 5: Write a sum-up of your environmental—friendly measures.
What have you done? What have you been doing? And what have not been tried yet?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Homework
Class: Name:
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect simple or the Present Perfect Continuous.
Example:
He has been doing (do) the homework all day and has not finished (not finish) it yet.
Adam___________________ (read) three chapters of the book so far.
I _________________________________ (write) my report all day.
How many books ___________________________ (she, write)? Ten.
We _______________________________ (see) the man before.
She _____________________ (drive) all morning and is now very tired.
Mr. Smith ________________________ (see) me twice this week.
Someone ________________________ (steal) Rebecca’s handbag.
Susan ______________________________ (lose) weight recently.
I have _________________________ (know) the Browns for ages.
It __________________ (snow) all week and it __________ (not stop) yet.
2: Read and complete the sentences.
Willy Brown graduated from college a few years ago. As class secretary, it’s his job to find out what his classmates have been doing and to write class notes about them for the Alumni News. Read Willy’s notes, and then complete the sentences with a form of the Present Perfect Continuous.
Donna (Jennings) Eskar started teaching at a community college in Winfield, New Hampshire last fall. She’s teaching English and French. Donna and her husband, Arnie, live at Lake Winfield. They moved there after their wedding in July. Best wishes Donna!
Paul Wilson hasn’t been so lucky. He lost his job and is looking for another one. Paul pulled a muscle in his leg—nothing serious, but he had to quit playing tennis. He took up golf, though, and plays regularly. Maybe that’s why he doesn’t have another job yet? ( Sorry, Paul. I know you’re trying to find one. Good luck)…
Debbie Leone is traveling around the world! I talked with Debbie’s mother, who said that Debbie had quit her job three months ago and took off. She was last heard from in Kashmir, where she was visiting friends who live on a houseboat. No one has to tell Debbie to slow down…
Gail Farmer is living in San Francisco and taking care of three-year-old twins. Not hers! She works as a nanny for a young couple. Gail’s been in San Francisco for almost a year now and enjoys the life there very much. It’s a big change from Allaway, Nebraska.
1. Donna(Jennings)Eskar ______________________________________.
2. Donna and Arnie__________________________________________.
3. Paul Wilson_______________________________________________.
4. Debbie Leone______________________________________________.
5. Gail Farmer_______________________________________________.
3. Read and learn to write about a problem that you or someone you know has been having.
Dear Dr.:
I’ve been working very hard lately. And I’ve been having a lot of trouble sleeping. I often wake up in the middle of the night and worry about my problems at work. I used to enjoy playing tennis, but lately I haven’t been playing at all. At times, I’m really in a bad mood. People have been telling me that I’m working too hard, but I have so much to do. What can I do?
Dear_________:
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 9 Grammar
---Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous
Teaching Objectives:
To learn and understand Present Perfect Continuous;
To compare and distinguish Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous;
To talk about the improvement of Beijing traffic by using the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous;
Teaching aids: textbook, computer, projector, hand-out
Teaching difficulties:
To use Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous in a proper situation;
To talk about the improvement of Beijing traffic by using the Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous;
Teaching procedures:
Step 1: Lead-in
Ss listen to a song and fill in the missing words.
Introduce: have/ has been doing → Present Perfect Continuous
Step 2: Observe and Conclude
Ss fill in the blanks in Exercise 1 on the hand-out.
Ss observe and discuss why Present Perfect Continuous is used in the sentences.
Conclude the features of Present Perfect Continuous.
Step 3: Oral practice
Ss work in pairs and make up short dialogues with the given cues.
Ask some to act out the dialogues.
Step 4: Reading
Show some pictures to introduce the topic of the reading material.
Ss read the text on p.41 and find out the answers to the following questions:
Why has Logan been designing solar racing car for a long time? How many racing cars has he designed?
How long has he been taking part in races? How many races has he taken part in?
What has he been doing recently with a team from Queensland University? Have they finished that?
Has he been writing a book? How much has he written?
Check the answers with the whole class.
Get the Ss to reread and observe some sentences from the text.
Ss discuss the characteristics of Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous in pairs. ( Ex.2 on the hand-out)
Guide Ss to make a conclusion.
Step 5: Consolidation (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous)
Ss experience the situation and complete Exercise 3 on the hand-out with proper verb forms.
Check the answers.
Step 6: Language in Use
Show some pictures to help students to talk about Green Traffic briefly.
Introduce the task and make sure students understand what to do and what to pay attention to while doing group work.
Ss work in groups of four and make up a dialogue, talking about Green Traffic activities in Beijing with the help of given clues.
Ss present the dialogue.
Step 7: Homework
Write a passage about the Green Traffic activities in Beijing according to the given information.
Complete Exx.2& 3 on p.82.
Complete Ex.3 on p.88
课件20张PPT。Unit 9 GrammarA wishful way
I've _______________all these days.
I've ______________all these days to try to find a way to stop.
I've _______________all these days.
I've ________________all these days
to find it hard to get it through.
……been dreamingbeen achingbeen waitingbeen standingPresent Perfect Continuoushave/has + been + doingGrammar studyhave/has + donebe + doingWe_______________________ (discuss) the problem for four hours. Why don’t we take a break?
It ________________ (rain) since this morning. And it seems it won’t stop until school is over.
The boy ________________ (do) homework all the afternoon. Let him go out to play for a rest.
We use Present Perfect Continuous to talk about a ____________activity that started in the past and ______________________.Observe and Concludehave been discussinghas been raininghas been doingcontinuoushaven’t been finished I ___________________ (get) up at five o’clock every morning for the last month because I like the spring morning.
My brother ________________ (see) Miss White every day recently. They are in love with each other.
We use Present Perfect Continuous to talk about a ___________ activity in the recent past.Observe and Concludehave been gettinghas been seeingrepeated I __________________ (work) all night. That’s why I’m so sleepy now.
George and Roger look out of breath. They _________________ (run) for a bus.
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He __________________ (repair) the car.
We use Present Perfect Continuous to talk about an activity that has some ___________ in the present.Observe and Concludehave been workinghave been runninghas been repairingresultsOral PracticeWork in pairs. Act out dialogues using the cues.Student A
Questions
1. hands dirty / work in the garden
2. eyes red / cry
Student B
Answers
1. hands dirty / repair bike
2. eyes red / sleep badly in the last daysStudent B
Questions
3.angry / argue with someone
4.late / wait for the bus
Student A
Answers
3. angry / wait for Mary for an hour
4. late / try to catch a taxiReading 1. Why has Logan been designing solar racing car for a long time? How many racing cars has he designed?
2. How long has he been taking part in races? How many races has he taken part in?
3. What has he been doing recently with a team from Queensland University? Have they finished that?
4. Has he been writing a book? How much has he written? Observe and compare1. Logan has been designing solar racing cars for a long time because solar cars are clean and safe. He has designed five or six different cars so far.
2. He has been taking part in car races for four years and has taken in six races.
3. He has been building a new car with a team from Queensland University recently. They have done a lot of work on it, but they haven’t finished yet.
4. He has been writing a book about solar cars, but he has only finished the few chapters.In what situation do we use Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous? Conclude:We use the Present Perfect to talk about a finished activity or achievement and focus on the result of an activity, especially when we give a number or quantity.
We use the Present Perfect Continuous to talk about an unfinished activity and focus on the activity itself or the continuance of the activity.
1. I have _____________ (read) this book for two months but I have __________ (only read) half of it. It's very difficult to read.
2. They _________________ (talk) about this for month and they still have _____________ (not find) a solution.
3.The author has ______________(write) a novel since the beginning of the year. He has _________(write)10 chapters.Practicebeen writingwrittenbeen readingonly readhave been talkingnot found4. (1)The workers ________________ (work) on the bridge for two years. It is said to be completed before the end of this year.
(2)The workers have __________ (build) a new bridge over the river. The villagers don’t have to cross the river by boat any more.
5. (1)Tom has ________ (do) his homework. He can go out to play basketball now.
(2)Tom has _______________ (do) his homework. He hasn’t gone out to play.Practicehave been workingdonebeen doingbuiltGreen Olympic, Green TrafficLanguage in Use Green Olympic, Green Traffic
BTV-1 has invited the head of Beijing Traffic Bureau and some citizens who concern about the traffic problems in Beijing. Please work in groups of four and make up a dialogue between them, one as the presenter, one as the head of Beijing Traffic Bureau, and the other two as the citizens. Tips:
Organize your dialogue and take down some notes;
Pay attention to the tenses;
Make it as real as possible;
Introduce your roles at the beginning of the program;
Think about the ending;AssignmentWrite a passage about the Green Traffic activities in Beijing according to the given information.
Complete Exx.2& 3 on p.82.
Complete Ex.3 on p.88We have been living in Beijing for 8 years.
We have lived in Beijing for 8 years.
2. I have been never seeing him these days.
I have never seen him before.
3. We have already been trying this method.
We have been trying this method.
We have already tried this method.
4. We have produced 200 cars this year.
We have been producing 200 cars this year.
5. We have known each other since childhood.
We have been knowing each other since childhood. PracticePick out the correct sentencesAttention：In both tenses, we can use time adverbials, such as for, since, all the morning, all these days/years, in the last/past few months, so far, up to now. We can use time adverbials such as yet, ever, never, before in the Present Perfect Tense but not in the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
When we give a number to talk about the result of an activity, we use the Present Perfect not the Present Perfect Continuous.
State Verbs such as like, know, believe, want can be used in the Present Perfect Tense, but not In the Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
