中考英语名词语法进阶专项练习100题（含解析）

中考英语名词语法进阶专项练习 100 题
一、名词词义辨析（共 20 题）
（一）单项选择
The ________ of the birds outside the window woke me up early this morning.
A. voice B. sound C. noise D. shout
My uncle has had a new ________ in a big company since last year—he no longer does the tiring ________ he did before.
A. job; work B. work; job C. job; job D. work; work
—Do you have any ________ on how to improve our English reading speed
—Yes, try to guess the meaning of new words instead of looking them up immediately.
A. ideas B. advice C. suggestions D. news
The local government has taken many measures to protect the ________ of the ancient village, such as repairing old houses and keeping traditional customs.
A. culture B. invention C. symbol D. communication
—What’s the ________ of your new mobile phone
—It’s about 3,000 yuan. I saved money for three months to buy it.
A. price B. cost C. value D. worth
After the heavy rain, a beautiful ________ appeared in the sky. All the children stopped playing and looked up at it.
A. sun B. moon C. rainbow D. star
My grandmother’s ________ is always warm—she often tells us interesting stories about her childhood when we visit her.
A. house B. family C. home D. room
—I can’t solve this math ________. It’s too difficult for me.
—Don’t worry. Let’s ask our teacher for help tomorrow.
A. question B. problem C. matter D. thing
The ________ of the meeting is to discuss how to reduce students’ homework burden. All teachers must attend it.
A. purpose B. result C. reason D. cause
—Why did you look so worried just now
—I lost my ________. There are many important phone numbers in it.
A. message B. information C. note D. mobile phone
The ________ of the new subway line will make it easier for people to travel between the two cities.
A. development B. construction C. operation D. introduction
—Do you know the ________ of the tall building over there
—It’s about 150 meters. It’s the tallest building in our city.
A. height B. length C. width D. depth
My best friend sent me a ________ on my birthday. It’s a hand-made card with our photos on it.
A. present B. gift C. souvenir D. reward
The ________ of the film is so moving that many people cried while watching it.
A. story B. plot C. theme D. ending
—What’s your favorite ________ in school
—PE. I like playing basketball with my classmates in PE class.
A. subject B. lesson C. course D. class
（二）短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的名词（每空一词，注意词形变化）。
Last weekend, our class organized a trip to a small village. The main 16. ________（目的）of the trip was to learn about rural life. When we arrived, the villagers gave us a warm welcome. We visited a local farm first. The farmer told us about different 17. ________（种类）of crops, such as wheat and corn. We also helped pick some vegetables—they were much fresher than those in the supermarket.
In the afternoon, we went to the village’s cultural center. There were many old 18. ________（物品）on display, like traditional tools and handmade clothes. An old villager shared 19. ________（故事）about the village’s history. We learned that the village has a history of over 200 years.
Before leaving, we took many 20. ________（照片）with the villagers. It was a meaningful trip. We not only enjoyed the beautiful scenery but also gained a lot of knowledge.
二、名词的数（共 25 题）
（一）单项选择
—How many ________ are there in your school library
—About 50,000. They include books, magazines and newspapers.
A. book B. books C. bookes D. book’s
My mother bought two ________ and three ________ from the supermarket this morning.
A. tomato; potato B. tomatos; potatos C. tomatoes; potatoes D. tomatoes; potatos
—Look! There are many ________ swimming in the river.
—Wow, they look so lovely. I want to feed them some bread.
A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. a fish
All the ________ in our school are friendly to students. They often help us solve problems in study and life.
A. woman teacher B. women teacher C. woman teachers D. women teachers
—How much ________ do we need to make the cake
—About two spoons. It’s enough.
A. sugar B. sugars C. a sugar D. the sugar
My father has three ________. One is in Beijing, one is in Shanghai, and the other is in Guangzhou.
A. brother-in-law B. brothers-in-law C. brother-in-laws D. brothers-in-laws
The ________ of the company are having a meeting now. They are discussing the new project.
A. manager B. managers C. manager’s D. managers’
—I need some ________ to write down the phone number. Do you have any
—Yes, here is a piece of paper for you.
A. paper B. papers C. a paper D. the paper
There are five ________ in my family. We live in a big house with three bedrooms.
A. people B. person C. peoples D. persons
—How many ________ did you visit during your trip to Europe
—Three. They are Paris, London and Rome.
A. city B. citys C. cities D. city’s
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空
There are many ________（child）playing on the playground. Their parents are waiting for them nearby.
My uncle keeps some ________（sheep）on his farm. He sells their wool every year.
This restaurant serves different ________（kind）of delicious food. Many people come here every weekend.
The doctor gave me three ________（box）of medicine and told me to take it three times a day.
We need two ________（knife）to cut the vegetables. Please get them from the kitchen.
There are two ________（library）in our school. The new one was built last year.
The ________（man teacher）in our class are very strict but kind. They often stay after class to help us.
I have collected many ________（stamp）from different countries. They are my favorite collection.
The ________（leaf）on the trees turn yellow in autumn. They look like golden butterflies.
My grandmother told me some interesting ________（story）about her childhood. I listened to her carefully.
（三）句型转换
This is a useful dictionary.（改为复数句）
________ are useful ________.
There is a tomato on the table.（改为复数句）
There are some ________ on the table.
The girl has a new toy car.（改为复数句）
The ________ have new ________ ________.
This is my father’s book.（改为复数句）
These are our ________ ________.
A sheep is eating grass in the field.（改为复数句）
Some ________ ________ eating grass in the field.
三、名词所有格（共 20 题）
（一）单项选择
—Is this ________ bag
—No, it’s not mine. It’s ________.
A. your; Lucy B. yours; Lucy C. your; Lucy’s D. yours; Lucy’s
The ________ room is on the second floor. They often study together there.
A. twin’s B. twins’ C. twins D. twin
—How far is it from your home to school
—It’s about 15 ________ walk. I usually go to school on foot.
A. minute B. minutes C. minute’s D. minutes’
This is a photo of ________. Look! All the people in the photo are smiling.
A. my family B. my family’s C. my families D. my families’
The ________ eyes are very bright. They can see things clearly at night.
A. cat B. cat’s C. cats D. cats’
—Where is ________ desk
—It’s near the window. He often sits there to read books.
A. Tom B. Tom’s C. Toms D. Toms’
The ________ meeting will start at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. All teachers must be on time.
A. teacher B. teachers C. teacher’s D. teachers’
This is a book of ________. He wrote many interesting stories in it.
A. Mr. Li B. Mr. Li’s C. Mr. Lis D. Mr. Lis’
The ________ door is broken. We need to ask someone to repair it.
A. classroom B. classroom’s C. classrooms D. classrooms’
—Whose pens are these
—They are ________. They bought them yesterday.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy’s and Lily C. Lucy and Lily’s D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空
This is ________（Mary）new dress. She bought it for her birthday.
The ________（children）toys are all in the box. They often play with them after school.
My ________（grandfather）farm is very big. There are many fruit trees on it.
The ________（student）desks are clean and tidy. They clean them every morning.
This is a photo of ________（Tom and Jim）family. Their parents are in the photo.
（三）短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的名词所有格（每空一词）。
Yesterday was ________（61. Lucy）birthday. Her parents prepared a big party for her. Many of ________（62. Lucy）friends came to the party. They brought many gifts, such as ________（63. Mike）hand-made card and ________（64. Sarah）beautiful flowers.
During the party, ________（65. Lucy’s mother）cooked delicious food, like chicken and fish. Everyone enjoyed the party very much. Lucy said it was the best birthday she had ever had.
四、名词构词法（共 15 题）
（一）单项选择
The ________ of the new technology has changed our life a lot. We can now shop online easily.
A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. inventive
My brother wants to be a ________. He likes to study the stars and planets.
A. science B. scientist C. scientific D. scientifically
The ________ of the project will take about three months. We need to work hard to finish it on time.
A. develop B. development C. developer D. developing
—What’s your ________
—I’m 1.65 meters tall.
A. high B. height C. tall D. tallness
The ________ of the film is very famous. He has directed many popular films before.
A. direct B. direction C. director D. directing
（二）用所给单词适当形式填空
Thank you for your ________（kind）. You helped me a lot when I was in trouble.
The ________（different）between the two pictures is not easy to find. Can you help me
My father has a lot of ________（experience）in driving. He has been a driver for 20 years.
The ________（important）of learning English well is known to everyone. We must work hard at it.
The ________（happy）on the children’s faces made me feel warm. They were playing happily.
The ________（ill）made him stay in bed for a week. He couldn’t go to school during that time.
The ________（decide）to build a new park in our neighborhood made everyone excited.
The ________（music）played a beautiful song on the piano. Everyone listened carefully.
We should protect the ________（safe）of the children. They are too young to take care of themselves.
The ________（communicate）between parents and children is very important. It can help them understand each other better.
五、名词句法功能（共 10 题）
（一）单项选择
________ is my favorite sport. I play it every weekend with my friends.
A. Swim B. Swimming C. Swimmer D. Swims
My dream is to be a ________. I want to help sick people get better.
A. doctor B. teach C. sing D. cook
The ________ in the kitchen is very delicious. What are you cooking
A. smell B. sound C. taste D. look
We should protect ________. They provide us with clean air and wood.
A. animals B. plants C. rivers D. mountains
My mother bought me a new ________. It’s red and I like it very much.
A. shirt B. shoes C. trousers D. socks
（二）句型转换
He is a good student.（改为感叹句，强调名词 student）
What a ________ ________ he is!
The girl sings very well.（改为感叹句，强调名词 song，提示：补充 “sings a beautiful song”）
What a ________ ________ the girl sings!
This is a nice garden.（改为感叹句）
What a ________ ________ this is!
The boy is very clever.（改为感叹句，强调名词 boy）
What a ________ ________ the boy is!
She told us an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
What an ________ ________ she told us!
六、易混易错点辨析（共 10 题，单项选择）
—Did you hear the ________ from the next room It’s so loud that I can’t sleep.
—Yes, it’s my brother playing video games. I’ll ask him to turn it down.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. shout
—How long have you had this ________
—For two years. It’s very interesting, but it’s a little tiring sometimes.
A. job B. work C. profession D. career
—I have ________ to tell you. Our school will hold a sports meeting next month.
—That’s great news! I want to take part in the running race.
A. a news B. some news C. a message D. some messages
—What’s the ________ of this river
—It’s about 500 kilometers. It’s one of the longest rivers in our country.
A. height B. length C. width D. depth
—Do you know the ________ of the Great Wall
—It’s a symbol of Chinese culture. Many foreigners come to visit it every year.
A. meaning B. symbol C. value D. importance
—How many ________ are there in your class
—Forty-five. Thirty of them are girls and fifteen are boys.
A. student B. students C. people D. person
—I need some ________ about the history of this city. Can you help me find it
—Sure. You can go to the city library. There are many books about it.
A. information B. message C. news D. story
—What’s your ________ for being late today
—I’m sorry. My bike broke down on the way to school.
A. reason B. cause C. excuse D. explanation
—We should take care of ________. They are our best friends.
—Yes, we shouldn’t hurt them or destroy their homes.
A. animals B. plants C. environment D. nature
—What’s the ________ of your new shoes
—They are size 38. They fit me very well.
A. size B. number C. length D. width
参考答案及解析
一、名词词义辨析
B（考查 sound/voice/noise 辨析：sound 泛指一切声音，符合 “鸟叫声” 语境；voice 指人的嗓音，noise 指噪音，shout 指呼喊，均不符合）
A（考查 job/work 辨析：job 是可数名词，表 “具体职业”；work 是不可数名词，表 “日常工作”，第一空 a new 后接 job，第二空 tiring 后接 work）
B（考查 advice/suggestion 辨析：advice 是不可数名词，无复数；suggestion 是可数名词，需用复数；any 后接不可数名词 advice，符合 “询问建议” 语境）
A（考查名词词义：culture “文化”，符合 “保护古村落文化” 语境；invention “发明”，symbol “象征”，communication “交流”，均不符合）
A（考查 price/cost 辨析：price 指 “商品售价”，符合 “询问手机价格” 语境；cost 指 “成本”，value “价值”，worth “价值”，均不符合）
C（考查名词词义：rainbow “彩虹”，符合 “雨后出现” 语境；sun “太阳”，moon “月亮”，star “星星”，均不符合）
C（考查 house/family/home 辨析：home 强调 “有情感的家”，符合 “奶奶的家很温暖” 语境；house 指 “房屋”，family 指 “家庭成员”，room 指 “房间”，均不符合）
B（考查 problem/question 辨析：problem 指 “需要解决的难题”，符合 “解数学题” 语境；question 指 “需要回答的问题”，matter “事情”，thing “东西”，均不符合）
A（考查 purpose/result 辨析：purpose “目的”，符合 “会议目的是讨论减负” 语境；result “结果”，reason “原因”，cause “起因”，均不符合）
D（考查名词词义：mobile phone “手机”，符合 “里面有重要电话号码” 语境；message “信息”，information “信息”，note “便条”，均无 “存储号码” 功能，不符合）
C（考查名词词义：operation “运营”，符合 “地铁线路运营方便出行” 语境；development “发展”，construction “建设”，introduction “介绍”，均不符合）
A（考查 height/length 辨析：height “高度”，符合 “询问建筑物高度” 语境；length “长度”，width “宽度”，depth “深度”，均不符合）
A（考查 present/gift 辨析：present 泛指 “礼物”，符合 “生日收到手工贺卡” 语境；gift 较正式，souvenir “纪念品”，reward “奖励”，均不符合）
C（考查名词词义：theme “主题”，符合 “电影主题感人” 语境；story “故事”，plot “情节”，ending “结局”，均侧重具体内容，不强调 “感人核心”，不符合）
A（考查 subject/lesson 辨析：subject 指 “学校学科”，符合 “最喜欢的学科是体育” 语境；lesson 指 “具体课程”，course “课程体系”，class “课堂”，均不符合）
purpose（“目的”，the main purpose of 表 “…… 的主要目的”）
kinds（“种类”，different kinds of 表 “不同种类的”，用复数）
things（“物品”，many 后接复数，指展览的旧物品）
stories（“故事”，share stories 表 “分享故事”，用复数）
photos（“照片”，many 后接复数，take photos 表 “拍照”）
二、名词的数
B（how many 后接可数名词复数，book 的复数是 books，故选 B）
C（tomato 的复数是 tomatoes，potato 的复数是 potatoes，均为不规则变化，故选 C）
A（fish 表 “鱼的条数” 时单复数同形，表 “种类” 时复数是 fishes；此处指 “河里的鱼”，表条数，故选 A）
D（woman 修饰复数名词时，自身需变复数 women，women teachers “女老师”，故选 D）
A（sugar 是不可数名词，无复数，how much 后接不可数名词，故选 A）
B（复合名词 brother-in-law 的复数是 brothers-in-law，只变中心词 brother，故选 B）
B（根据 are 可知主语是复数，manager 的复数是 managers，故选 B）
A（paper 表 “纸张” 时是不可数名词，some 后接不可数名词，故选 A）
A（people 表 “人” 时是复数名词，five 后接 people；person 的复数是 persons，不常用，故选 A）
C（city 的复数是 cities，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es，故选 C）
children（child 的复数是 children，不规则变化）
sheep（sheep 单复数同形，some 后接 sheep）
kinds（kind 的复数是 kinds，different kinds of 表 “不同种类的”）
boxes（box 的复数是 boxes，以 x 结尾加 es）
knives（knife 的复数是 knives，以 f 结尾变 f 为 v 加 es）
libraries（library 的复数是 libraries，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es）
men teachers（man 修饰复数名词时变 men，men teachers “男老师”）
stamps（stamp 的复数是 stamps，一般加 s）
leaves（leaf 的复数是 leaves，以 f 结尾变 f 为 v 加 es）
stories（story 的复数是 stories，以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 es）
These; dictionaries（this 的复数是 these，dictionary 的复数是 dictionaries）
tomatoes（tomato 的复数是 tomatoes）
girls; toy cars（girl 的复数是 girls，toy car 的复数是 toy cars，toy 作定语用单数）
fathers’ books（father 的复数是 fathers，所有格是 fathers’，book 的复数是 books）
sheep; are（sheep 单复数同形，复数主语后用 are）
三、名词所有格
C（第一空修饰 bag，用形容词性物主代词 your；第二空表 “露西的包”，用名词所有格 Lucy’s，故选 C）
B（twins 表 “双胞胎”，所有格是 twins’，twins’ room “双胞胎的房间”，故选 B）
D（15 后接 minute 的复数 minutes，所有格是 minutes’，15 minutes’ walk “15 分钟的步行路程”，故选 D）
A（a photo of my family “我的全家福”，family 表 “家庭”，不用所有格；my family’s 表 “我家的”，不符合语境，故选 A）
B（cat 的所有格是 cat’s，cat’s eyes “猫的眼睛”；cats’表 “复数猫的”，不符合 “the” 表单数的语境，故选 B）
B（Tom 的所有格是 Tom’s，Tom’s desk “汤姆的书桌”，故选 B）
D（teachers 的所有格是 teachers’，teachers’ meeting “教师会议”，故选 D）
B（a book of Mr. Li’s “李先生的一本书”，双重所有格，表 “李先生众多书中的一本”，故选 B）
A（classroom 作定语修饰 door，用单数 classroom，classroom door “教室门”；名词所有格 classroom’s 表 “教室的”，不符合 “作定语” 用法，故选 A）
D（根据 “they” 可知是两人各自的钢笔，Lucy’s and Lily’s “露西的和莉莉的”；Lucy and Lily’s 表 “两人共有的”，不符合语境，故选 D）
Mary’s（Mary 的所有格是 Mary’s，Mary’s new dress “玛丽的新裙子”）
children’s（children 的所有格是 children’s，children’s toys “孩子们的玩具”）
grandfather’s（grandfather 的所有格是 grandfather’s，grandfather’s farm “爷爷的农场”）
students’（students 的所有格是 students’，students’ desks “学生们的书桌”）
Tom and Jim’s（表 “汤姆和吉姆共有的家庭”，所有格加在最后一个名词后，Tom and Jim’s family “汤姆和吉姆的家”）
Lucy’s（Lucy 的所有格是 Lucy’s，Lucy’s birthday “露西的生日”）
Lucy’s（Lucy 的所有格是 Lucy’s，Lucy’s friends “露西的朋友”）
Mike’s（Mike 的所有格是 Mike’s，Mike’s hand-made card “迈克的手工贺卡”）
Sarah’s（Sarah 的所有格是 Sarah’s，Sarah’s beautiful flowers “萨拉的漂亮花朵”）
Lucy’s mother’s（Lucy’s mother 的所有格是 Lucy’s mother’s，Lucy’s mother’s cooked food “露西妈妈做的食物”）
四、名词构词法
B（invent 是动词 “发明”，invention 是名词 “发明物”，符合 “新技术的发明改变生活” 语境；inventor “发明家”，inventive “有发明才能的”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（science 是名词 “科学”，scientist 是名词 “科学家”，符合 “想成为科学家研究星球” 语境；scientific “科学的”，scientifically “科学地”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（develop 是动词 “发展”，development 是名词 “发展（过程）”，符合 “项目发展需要三个月” 语境；developer “开发者”，developing “发展中的”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（high 是形容词 “高的”，height 是名词 “高度”，符合 “询问身高” 语境；tall “高的”，tallness “高”（不常用），均不符合，故选 B）
C（direct 是动词 “指导”，director 是名词 “导演”，符合 “电影导演很有名” 语境；direction “方向”，directing“指导（动名词）”，均不符合，故选 C）
kindness（kind 是形容词 “善良的”，名词形式是 kindness，不可数）
difference（different 是形容词 “不同的”，名词形式是 difference，表 “两者间的差异” 用单数）
experience（experience 表 “经验” 时是不可数名词，表 “经历” 时是可数名词；此处指 “驾驶经验”，用不可数 experience）
importance（important 是形容词 “重要的”，名词形式是 importance，不可数）
happiness（happy 是形容词 “快乐的”，名词形式是 happiness，不可数）
illness（ill 是形容词 “生病的”，名词形式是 illness，不可数）
decision（decide 是动词 “决定”，名词形式是 decision，可数，此处用单数）
musician（music 是名词 “音乐”，musician 是名词 “音乐家”，符合 “音乐家弹钢琴” 语境）
safety（safe 是形容词 “安全的”，名词形式是 safety，不可数）
communication（communicate 是动词 “交流”，名词形式是 communication，不可数）
五、名词句法功能
B（swim 是动词，swimming 是动名词，可作主语，表 “游泳这项运动”；swimmer “游泳者”，swims “动词第三人称单数”，均不能作主语，故选 B）
A（doctor 是名词 “医生”，符合 “帮助病人康复” 语境；teach “教”（动词），sing “唱”（动词），cook “厨师”（不符合 “帮助病人” 语境），故选 A）
A（smell 是名词 “气味”，符合 “厨房的气味很香” 语境；sound “声音”，taste “味道”，look “样子”，均不符合，故选 A）
B（plants 是名词 “植物”，符合 “提供清洁空气和木材” 语境；animals “动物”，rivers “河流”，mountains “山”，均不符合，故选 B）
A（shirt 是单数名词 “衬衫”，a new 后接单数名词；shoes “鞋子”，trousers “裤子”，socks “袜子”，均为复数，不能用 a 修饰，故选 A）
good student（感叹句结构 “What a + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，此处强调 “好学生”，用 good student）
beautiful song（补充 “sings a beautiful song” 后，感叹句强调 “一首优美的歌”，用 beautiful song）
nice garden（感叹句结构 “What a + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，用 nice garden）
clever boy（感叹句强调 “聪明的男孩”，用 clever boy）
interesting story（感叹句结构 “What an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”，用 interesting story）
六、易混易错点辨析
C（noise 指 “噪音”，符合 “太吵睡不着” 语境；sound 泛指声音，voice 指人的嗓音，shout 指呼喊，均不符合，故选 C）
A（job 是可数名词，表 “具体职业”，符合 “拥有这份工作两年” 语境；work 是不可数名词，不能用 this 修饰；profession “职业”（较正式），career “职业生涯”，均不符合 “日常对话” 语境，故选 A）
B（news 是不可数名词，表 “消息”，some news “一些消息”，符合 “学校将举办运动会” 语境；message “信息”（可数，侧重 “便条 / 口信”），均不符合，故选 B）
B（length 指 “长度”，符合 “询问河流长度” 语境；height “高度”，width “宽度”，depth “深度”，均不符合，故选 B）
B（symbol 指 “象征”，符合 “长城是中国文化的象征” 语境；meaning “意义”，value “价值”，importance “重要性”，均不符合 “文化象征” 核心语境，故选 B）
B（student 的复数是 students，how many 后接可数名词复数，符合 “询问班级学生数量” 语境；people “人”（泛指），person “人”（单数），均不符合，故选 B）
A（information 是不可数名词，表 “信息”，符合 “寻找城市历史信息” 语境；message “信息”（可数，侧重 “具体消息”），news “新闻”，story “故事”，均不符合，故选 A）
C（excuse 指 “借口”，符合 “解释迟到的理由” 语境；reason “原因”（侧重客观事实），cause “起因”，explanation “解释”（较正式），均不符合 “日常道歉” 语境，故选 C）
A（animals 指 “动物”，符合 “最好的朋友，不伤害它们” 语境；plants “植物”，environment “环境”，nature “自然”，均不符合 “朋友” 的语境，故选 A）
A（size 指 “尺寸”，符合 “询问鞋子尺码” 语境；number “数字”，length “长度”，width “宽度”，均不符合，故选 A）