【期中考点培优】专题10 短文填空（含答案解析）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册期中复习考点培优外研版（2024）
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| 名称 | 【期中考点培优】专题10 短文填空（含答案解析）-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册期中复习考点培优外研版（2024） |  | |
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/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语上册期中复习考点培优外研版（2024）
专题10 短文填空
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Everyone wants to be a good-looking person, especially young people. Did you d 1 of being tall when you were young If a girl has a beautiful face, maybe she can join in the storytelling when she grows u 2 . Of course, a handsome boy can take part in model shows. And a tall boy can be a basketball player. In fact, most people around us are of medium h 3 and medium build.
For students, food can be useful to your body. If you want to be tall, you can drink more milk. Fruit and vegetables also make your body s 4 and healthy. Walking is good for our health. If you don’t want to w 5 glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes.
Most people have ordinary faces. You can’t judge someone only b 6 his or her looks. A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life.
The inner beauty is the thing everyone n 7 . If you are kind and f 8 to people, they will like you. If you can use your abilities to help o 9 , you will be powerful and helpful
People may describe good looks differently, but the ideas about inner b 10 are the same. It’s the most important.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
“What are you going to be when you grow up ” That’s 11 common question for most children. I remember I first got this question at an early age. One day my cousin asked me that question. My father 12 (know) me very well. Before I said something, my father 13 (quick) answered. “Karen is going to be a doctor.”
I didn’t question my father’s words at that time. That’s because I never wanted to do anything else than to save 14 (people) lives. I really wanted to be a doctor when I grew up.
My parents always said to me, “You can be a doctor, an engineer or a 15 (teach). You can even make the soccer team to play soccer. You can decide what you do. You just need to try your best 16 (make) it come true.”
When I started my college, I studied all the time. I remember my dad calling me 17 (one) a week, but sometimes I didn’t hear it. I would call 18 (he) back after I finished my study in the library. And I got up an hour 19 (early) than others to study every day.
It’s hard to be successful. 20 , after many years’ study, I become a doctor now. And I really love my job.
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。
I still remembered the first day I met Jane. When she 21 (walk) into the classroom, all the students were very surprised 22 (see) that there was a big red birthmark on her face. Jane didn’t care at all although some bad boys laughed at 23 (she). Instead, she was always 24 (smile).
I wanted to know why Jane could always be so happy. So one day, I went to her and asked if she knew there was a red birthmark on her face. She replied that, of course, she knew. Whenever she looked 25 the mirror, she could see it.
“Then how can you live happily all the time Don’t you think 26 mark makes you strange ” I asked.
“No, actually, the mark makes me special. I always tell 27 (oneself) that I have no way to decide what I look like, 28 I can decide what I want to be. I’m much luckier than those that can’t walk or run. At least I’m a healthy person,” Jane answered with a smile.
Jane’s words opened a new world for me. At that moment, I understood the world 29 (well) than before. If the world is looked from a very bright way, some bad things will be good 30 (gift).
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
When someone tells me that I need to lose weight, I feel confused (困惑的). 31 fact, my weight is 57 kg and my 32 (high) is 164 cm. I think this is just the right weight for me. But many people think every girl who is around my height should weigh 33 (little) than 50 kg. One of my friends said, “I 34 (lose) 5 kg already, but I still feel I’m a little fat. I 35 (not reach) my target (目标) weight yet.” She is trying to lose weight in different ways, such as by 36 (take) medicine and exercising.
In my opinion, we have to 37 (care) about our health as well. Losing weight is a long process and as a student, you might not have enough time 38 (do) it. I want to tell all the girls out there that they are beautiful and that it 39 (not matter) how much they weigh. You can be anyone you want and wear anything you want. Just be 40 (you).
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Recently, many people are talking about an acknowledgement (致谢) from a doctoral thesis (博士论文). “I have come a long way and had many difficulties to give this thesis to you.” The writer, Huang Guoping, wrote at the b 41 of his thesis.
In the thesis, he said he was b 42 in a mountainous area (山区) and his mother left home when he was 12. His father died in a traffic accident(事故) when he was 17. He had a hard life when he was y 43 , the most enjoyable part of the evening was doing homework or r 44 books under the kerosene lamp (煤油灯). He couldn’t remember how many t 45 he wanted to give up, but there was a faith (信念) in his heart that is to keep s 46 and get out of the mountainous area. Finally, his dream did come t 47 .
At the end of the acknowledgement, Huang described his wishes. “I hope I can keep a young heart a 48 fighting (斗争) for so many years. I hope I can get to know the world in a new w 49 . I think it is m 50 for me to do something to make other people’s life better.”
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
I was shy and always didn’t know how to start a talk with others. Once I was asked to be a volunteer to join a group and prepare for 51 activity. Some volunteers were busy collecting materials. Wanting to join 52 (they), I worked up my courage and came up to them. Then I asked 53 I could do for them. However, one of the volunteers who seemed a little busy said, “No, thank you.” Realizing I was refused, I 54 (stand) there with great embarrassment. Then I walked away with my head down. When I went to them the 55 (two) time, a volunteer saw me. He told me that there was some work to do, so they needed my help. While I was working, the volunteer introduced his classmates 56 me. With his warm help, I felt less nervous, and started talking with them 57 (comfortable). Since then, I 58 (become) more outgoing. I like joining in 59 (activity) and making friends. I am 60 (thank) to the volunteer. What a nice person he is!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
I was much taller than other girls in Grade Eight, so I often bent (弯曲) my body at the back of the line. For me, 61 (high) was my trouble. I had always felt unsafe as 62 (冠词) tallest student of my class. My grandfather didn’t laugh 63 (介词) me. Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would say, “Stand straight 64 (连词) tall, Alisa.” And he always told me stories of his life.
My grandfather 65 (grow) up in the war-torn (受到战争破坏的) country. After the war, he went to America. He lived a hard life. “If they could do it, why couldn’t I ” “Stand straight and stand tall,” he often reminded (提醒) 66 (he). Thanks to the help of a friend, my grandfather got a job. He once told me that he was very nervous at 67 (one). He was trying to learn not only this 68 (hard) and new job, but also a new language.
I am so proud of my grandfather. Since I listened to my grandfather’s unusual experiences, I 69 (change) myself.
“Stand straight and stand tall” 70 (be)a piece of advice to improve my posture (姿势) for many years. It also tells me to be proud of who I am.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给词汇的正确形式
Dear Sue,
There is a problem between my good friend and me. We 71 (be) friends for five years. But ever since last Friday, she 72 (not invite) me to go with her. I considered all the things that made her have 73 headache about staying with me, but I 74 (not find) out the reason yet. We never fought or even quarreled with each other. I tried to communicate with her, but she 75 (refuse) to answer. My heart is broken and I’m 76 (expect) you to help me.
—Lost Girl
Dear Lost Girl,
Many people have had this 77 (experience). Sometimes it’s pretty hard to tell what’s wrong in a friendship. Try writing to your friend 78 you can ask another friend for help. If possible, buy her a bunch of flowers to comfort her. If none of these things works, just leave your friend alone. She may need some time to cool down and think about the situation herself.
Both of you can move on and find new friends. But even if you’re not friends anymore, you should still be friendly. Say hi to her when you 79 (pass) her at school but don’t see her as a 80 (strange). Maybe one day she will realize what a good friend you are.
—Sue
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
To work towards a 81 (peace) life, you should always try to develop good relationships with the people around you. Be kind and help those in need. Do this not only for family and friends, but also for the people who live in your neighbourhood.
People in your community might have different ways of living and 82 (think). This doesn’t mean that they’re wrong and you’re right. If everyone had the same ideas, the world would be 83 boring place.
Today, in many 84 (city), people usually lock their doors after work and don’t see their neighbours much. Social interactions (相互影响) 85 (be) often limited to a “Hi!” on the street. However, there may be times when someone does something that upsets you. If this happens, discuss the matter in a 86 (friend) way. This allows you to express your ideas without 87 (make) your relationship damaged. Avoid arguments, especially ones that judge the nature of the person rather than the actions. For example, your neighbours are playing loud music while you try to fall asleep. Should you politely 88 (suggest) they turn it down 89 should you angrily shout at them The first choice is wise. By calmly examining any problems, you create the relationship of mutual respect and understanding. After all, good neighbours are better 90 distant relatives.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Have you ever heard of the ancient Chinese story about Boya and Zhong Ziqi
On a 91 (rain) day, the famous guqin player, Boya, was sitting by the river 92 (quiet). Suddenly, he saw a woodcutter called Zhong Ziqi 93 (work) hard. Boya warmly invited him to listen to 94 (he) music.
While Boya was playing his guqin and imagining high mountains, Zhong Ziqi saw Mount Tai reaching into 95 sky. When Boya thought of rushing water, Zhong Ziqi said, “Your music sounds like running 96 (river)!” Whatever Boya thought about, Zhong Ziqi heard in his music. They were excited 97 (find) that they understood each other well.
Later, Zhong Ziqi passed away. 98 Boya visited his friend’s tomb (坟墓), he was so sad that he 99 (break) his guqin in half. He would never play it again. This story has been passed down through the ages, not only as a story of the deep friendship 100 Boya and Zhong Ziqi but also as a symbol of the great connection.
语法填空。
On a cool morning, a shop owner, Ma Li, received an online order, but it took her an hour 101 (wait) for the deliveryman.
When the deliveryman came, Ma asked 102 (angry), “What happened ” “It is too cold outside and 103 (I) motorbike was broken,” said the deliveryman. Hearing his words, her anger was gone. And she 104 (offer) him a cup of hot water.
At that moment, Ma noticed the deliveryman’s face and hands 105 (be) dark purple because he was working outside for too long a time. She felt very sorry for him. While they were talking, Ma knew that the deliveryman wanted to buy his daughter a birthday cake, but he thought 106 was too expensive to buy.
After the deliveryman left, Ma shared what had happened just now 107 her friends on her WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈). Heartwarming comments poured in, such as “Life is much harder than we thought, 108 none of us gives up!”, “Thumbs up (点赞) for hard-working people” and “ 109 (show) understanding to deliverymen is necessary.” Some even gave money for a cake.
The next day, Ma got in touch with the deliveryman and invited him to her shop. When they met, Ma expressed people’s 110 (kind) to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday. The deliveryman was very moved.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）
Many teenagers don’t get along well with their parents and they don’t know what to do. If you face such a problem, what I’m saying now might be 111 (help) to you.
Have you ever 112 (think) of talking to your parents to find out why you don’t get along well with each other When I was a teenager, I didn’t get on well 113 (介词) my parents either. We sometimes argued with each other. I am sorry that I had such 114 (冠词) experience. Now I’m a mother of four girls. Of course, we have different 115 (opinion), but I encourage 116 (they) to communicate with me openly and honestly. So far, they have trusted me and 117 (come) to me for anything. As a result, we get along very well.
Arguing with your parents will 118 (certain) make them angry and you won’t feel good. Also, remember that the most important thing is to solve problems and silence will only make the situation worse. Try your best to be calm.
Remember that your parents love you. Sometimes they do something that you can hardly understand. For example, you may want to be an artist in the future, 119 (连词) your parents want you to do something else. If so, try to think in their shoes.
Life is too short and the family is important. Try your best 120 (get) along well with your parents.
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations. The expressions they use might depend on w 121 they are speaking to or how well they know each other. It is all right to ask d 122 questions to your classmates because you know them well. However, if you say to your teacher, “When is the school trip ”, this might sound i 123 . But if you say, “Excuse me, Mr. West. Do you know when the school trip is ”, this will sound much more polite.
Usually polite questions are l 124 . They include expressions such as “Could you please... ” or “May I ask… ” It sounds more polite to say, “Peter, could you please tell me your e-mail address ” t 125 “Peter, tell me your e-mail address.” Sometimes we even need to spend time leading into a r 126 . For example, we might first say to a stranger, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to t 127 you, but...” before asking for help.
It might seem more d 128 to speak politely than directly. However, it is i 129 to learn how to use the right l 130 in different situations. This will help you communicate better with other people.
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Once upon a time there was a rich man in England. He had a lot of money, but he felt u 131 all the time.
One day he went to see an old man to ask about happiness. The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said n 132 .
Finally, the rich man left h 133 to look for happiness. He v 134 many places, met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy e 135 .
On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer w 136 in the fields. He went up to the farmer and asked, “ Could you tell me if you feel happy ” “Yes, I’m quite happy, “ the farmer answered. “Please tell me how you have found happiness, “asked the rich man. The farmer answered with a s 137 on his face, “That’s very easy. If you work h 138 , have three meals a day and go to bed early w 139 any worry, you’ll be the h 140 man in the world. “
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Once upon a time, there was a very old man called Yu Gong. He lived with his family in a village and there were two big and h 141 mountains near his house. I 142 they wanted to get to the other side, they needed to spend a long time.
One day, Yu Gong told his family that they must move the mountains to the other places. Hearing this, everyone in his family was s 143 . One of his sons said, “Are you k 144 ” “No, I’m serious and all of you must f 145 me.” Everyone had to a 146 with him because the oldest man in the family was the most important person at that time.
The next day everyone in Yu Gong’s family started to dig (挖) the mountains. They put the stones and the earth into the sea. One day a man saw Yu Gong and his children digging the mountains. He told Yu Gong he would never finish it. But Yu Gong said a 147 he was weak and would die, his family could k 148 moving the mountains. Then they kept on digging day after day and year after year. In the e 149 a god was moved by Yu Gong and he sent two gods to help Yu Gong move the mountains away.
The story tells us that you can never know what’s p 150 unless you try to make it happen.
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Have you ever known anything about planes Planes were once m 151 of wood and other materials (材料). However, many things have changed since planes were improved for military use, which really began in 1914. Planes improved in structure (结构) b 152 they had to be able to carry heavy things. And engineers made this c 153 true.
Any progress needs the support of knowledge. With the development of aerodynamics (空气动力学), some engineers came up with new ways to cut through the air smoothly. It was possible for planes to be bigger and fly faster, farther and h 154 .
As planes flew higher, pilots and passengers would have more difficulty in breathing in the thin a 155 . The pressurized cabins (加压舱) were invented in order to s 156 this problem. It made breath easier in 30,000-foot high sky. Besides, improved radio equipment (设备) allowed pilots to receive flight directions from the ground.
There were many improvements in plane in the 1930s. All of them went into building the Douglas DC-3. This twin-engine (双发动机) transport plane made its first passenger flight in 1936. It could pick up 21 p 157 and could fly smoothly. It soon became the m 158 transport plane of the world’s major air companies.
In 1958, Pan American World Airways began the first jet (喷气) service b 159 New York City and Paris using the American Boeing 707 jet. This popular plane made it possible for people other than the army to travel by plane.
Planes have improved many times over the years. But people’s needs are a 160 changing. Engineers are working to make even bigger and better planes for the future. It will offer greater comfort to passengers and reduce (减少) air pollution.
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
In ancient times, people developed different counting methods. One of the 161 (early) was called “tally sticks”. Each “stick” (or pebble 2, or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. For each animal we want to count we draw one stick. This 162 (call) a “one-to-one correspondence”. Tally sticks are easy to understand, 163 it can take a long time to write down large numbers. To write 1,000, you have to draw a thousand tally sticks!
Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient India. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract symbols 164 (represent) different numbers. Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks 165 (slow) turned into symbols over the centuries. These Indian numerals became popular, and people in the Arab world started using them too. Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known 166 Arabic numerals.
The ancient Romans wrote numbers in 167 different way. They used letters from 168 (they) alphabet. For example, the number 12 is “XII” (10+1+1). The Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing 169 (number) in Europe. Today we still see them in many places, for example, on clock faces, on buildings or in books. But Roman numerals are not as 170 (common) as Arabic numerals, maybe because they are too difficult to use.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m Jim. I joined the invention club last month, and it has been an amazing journey.
At first, I didn’t know what to invent. After thinking for a while, I chose 171 (design) a simple bookend (书挡).
To make it, I learned 172 (use) some basic tools. Mr Smith, the club teacher, offered 173 (help) me improve my invention. With his help, things got much easier. When I started working, I tried my best 174 (make) the bookend as strong as possible. I tested it many times. There were times when the wood pieces didn’t fit well. But I kept 175 (work) on the bookend, and slowly, it started to take shape. While making the bookend, I always asked myself not 176 (forget) important steps. I did everything carefully. After a few days, I finally finished the bookend.
Now, I keep 177 (think) about my next invention. I’m looking forward to creating more inventions in the club!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots, which include (包括) a cooking robot 178 (call) Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s 179 (one) and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do 180 (danger) work.
When he was asked about his biggest 181 (successful). Hong chose DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most 182 (wide) used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team 183 (make) DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use.
“Many people only want 184 (see) our successes rather than the failures (失败) that came before, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing (开发) new technology. If you’re too afraid 185 failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try 186 (break) the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn 187 (something).”
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
American Thomas Edison (1847—1931) was one of the greatest 188 (invent) in the world. He made over 2000 inventions in his life. The most famous one was the light bulb.
Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb. He tried over 1,600 different kinds of materials 189 (get) the right filament (灯丝) for the light bulb. He used things like the hair from 190 man’s beard (胡须). Some people didn’t think he could make 191 . However, finally he made the first practical light bulb 192 (success).
Edison went to school 193 only three months. His teacher told him that he was so stupid 194 he couldn’t learn anything. But he kept 195 (study) with his 196 (mother) help. He learned everything he needed to know. When Edison worked on a new kind of battery, he tried out 8,000 ways in all. Then he said, “Well, at least we have found 8,000 things that don’t work!”
This is the 197 (long) lasting light bulb in the world. The light has burned for 108 years in California, the USA．The light is still working today.
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．(d)ream 2．(u)p 3．(h)eight 4．(s)trong 5．(w)ear 6．(b)y 7．(n)eeds 8．(f)riendly 9．(o)thers 10．(b)eauty
【导语】本文阐述了美的本质。人们都希望拥有美貌，美貌可能很重要，但它并不是生命的全部。人们对美貌的描述可能不同，但对内在美的看法是相同的。内在美是每个人都要有的东西。
1．句意：你小时候梦想过长高吗？此处填动词作谓语，空格在did后，填动词原形；根据上文“Everyone wants to be a good-looking person”可知，此处指“梦想过长高”；dream of“梦想……”。故填(d)ream。
2．句意：如果一个女孩有一张漂亮的脸，也许她长大后可以加入故事的讲述。根据“she can join in the storytelling when she grows...”可知，此处说的是长大后的事情，指“长大”；grow up“长大”，故填(u)p。
3．句意：事实上，我们周围的大多数人都是中等身高、中等身材。下文“medium build”及and并列可知，此处并列成分，指“中等身高、中等身材”，结合首字母提示可知，此处指的是height“高度”。故填(h)eight。
4．句意：水果和蔬菜也能使你的身体强壮、健康。根据上文“Fruit and vegetables also make your body...and healthy”可知，此处指“水果和蔬菜能使你的身体强壮”，结合“make+ sb +形容词”结构可知，此处填形容词strong“强壮的”。故填(s)trong。
5．句意：如果你不想戴眼镜，你必须有良好的阅读习惯来保护你的眼睛。根据“glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes.”及首字母提示可知，此处指“戴眼镜”，wear glasses“戴眼镜”，空前有to，此处动词用原形，故填(w)ear。
6．句意：你不能仅凭外表来判断一个人。根据“judge someone only...his or her looks”可知，此处指“不能仅凭外表来判断一个人”；by“通过”。故填(b)y。
7．句意：内在美是每个人都需要的。根据上文“A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life.”及首字母提示可知，此处指“内在美才是每个人都需要的”；need“需要”；句子陈述一种客观的真理，用一般现在时；复合不定代词everyone作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。故填(n)eeds。
8．句意：如果你对人友善，他们会喜欢你。根据“they will like you”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“待人友善”，friendly“友好的”，形容词作表语，故填(f)riendly。
9．句意：如果你能利用自己的能力帮助他人，你将变得强大而有用。根据“use your abilities”和“help”可知，此处指“帮助他人”，others“其他人”，代词作宾语。故填(o)thers。
10．句意：人们对美貌的描述可能不同，但对内在美的看法是相同的。根据上文“The inner beauty is the thing...”可知，此处指“人们对内在美的看法是相同的”；beauty“美丽”。故填(b)eauty。
11．a 12．knew 13．quickly 14．people’s 15．teacher 16．to make 17．once 18．him 19．earlier 20．However/Finally/Luckily
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者为实现成为医生的梦想而努力奋斗并最终达成的历程。
11．句意：“你长大以后要做什么？”这是大多数孩子常被问到的一个问题。根据“That’s... common question for most children.”可知，此处指一个常见的问题，common以辅音音素开头，空处应是a。故填a。
12．句意：我父亲非常了解我。根据“One day my cousin asked me that question... Before I said something,”可知，句子为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填knew。
13．句意：在我开口之前，我父亲很快回答道。根据“my father... answered”可知，空处应是副词quickly，修饰动词answered。故填quickly。
14．句意：那是因为除了拯救人们的生命，我从未想过要做任何其他事。根据“to save... lives”可知，空后是名词lives，空处应是所有格形式people’s。故填people’s。
15．句意：你可以成为一名医生、工程师或老师。根据“You can be a doctor, an engineer or a...”可知。空处应填单数名词。故填teacher。
16．句意：你只需要尽最大努力去实现它。try one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大的努力去做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是不定式to make。故填to make。
17．句意：我记得我爸爸每周给我打一次电话。根据“I remember my dad calling me... a week.”可知，此处应是表示一周打一次电话，once a week“一周一次”。故填once。
18．句意：我在图书馆学习结束后会给他回电话。call sb. back.“给某人回电话”，动词call后接宾格him。故填him。
19．句意：而且我每天比别人早起一小时学习。根据“an hour... than others”可知，空后是than，空处应是early的比较级形式earlier。故填earlier。
20．句意：然而/最终/幸运的是，经过多年的学习，我现在成为了一名医生。根据“It’s hard to be successful... after many years’ study, I become a doctor now.”可知，设空处前后存在转折关系，且空后是逗号，因此however符合语境。finally“最后”以及luckily“幸运的是”均符合语境。故填However/Finally/Luckily。
21．walked 22．to see 23．her 24．smiling 25．in 26．the 27．myself 28．but 29．better 30．gifts
【导语】本文通过讲述Jane面对脸上胎记依然乐观开朗的故事，启发我们积极看待生活中的不完美，学会感恩与自信。
21．句意：当她走进教室时，所有学生都很惊讶地看到她脸上有一个很大的红色胎记。根据“all the students were very surprised”可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。walk变为walked。故填walked。
22．句意：当她走进教室时，所有学生都很惊讶地看到她脸上有一个很大的红色胎记。根据“were very surprised”可知，surprised后常跟不定式作原因状语，表示“惊讶于做某事”。故此处用动词不定式to see。故填to see。
23．句意：尽管有些坏男孩嘲笑她，Jane根本不在乎。根据“laughed at”可知，其后应接宾格形式的代词。she的宾格是her。故填her。
24．句意：相反，她总是微笑。根据句中was作系动词，空格处作表语修饰主语she，需用形容词或现在分词形式表示持续状态。smile的现在分词smiling作形容词用。故填smiling。
25．句意：每当她照镜子时，她都能看到它。根据固定搭配“look in the mirror”表示“照镜子”，此处应填介词in。故填in。
26．句意：你不觉得这个胎记让你很奇怪吗？根据句中“... mark makes you strange”可知，此处指上文所说的胎记，应使用定冠词the。故填the。
27．句意：我总是告诉自己，我无法决定自己的样子，但我可以决定我想成为什么样的人。根据tell后接宾语，主语和宾语是同一人，空格处需用反身代词，主语I对应的反身代词是myself。故填myself。
28．句意：我总是告诉自己，我无法决定自己的长相，但我可以决定我想成为什么样的人。根据句中前后句存在转折关系，应使用连词but表示“但是”。故填but。
29．句意：那一刻，我比以前更了解这个世界。根据句中than before表示比较，空格处需用副词的比较级形式，well的比较级是better。故填better。
30．句意：如果从非常积极的角度看世界，一些坏事也会是很好的礼物。gift是可数名词，根据“ some bad things”可知对应的gift也要用复数，故填gifts。
31．In 32．height 33．less 34．have lost 35．haven’t reached 36．taking 37．care 38．to do 39．doesn’t matter 40．yourself
【导语】本文讲述了作者对于体重的看法，认为健康最重要，鼓励女孩们做自己，不要过于在意体重。
31．句意：事实上，我的体重是57公斤，身高是164厘米。根据“fact”可知，此处考查固定短语“in fact”，意为“事实上”，且句首首字母要大写。故填In。
32．句意：事实上，我的体重是57公斤，身高是164厘米。根据“my”可知，此处需要一个名词作主语，“high”的名词形式是“height”，表示“身高”。故填height。
33．句意：但是很多人认为像我这样身高的女孩体重应该低于50公斤。根据“than”可知，此处需要用比较级形式，“little”的比较级是“less”，表示“更少”。故填less。
34．句意：我的一个朋友说：“我已经减了5公斤，但我还是觉得自己有点胖。”根据“already”可知，此处表示已经完成的动作，用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用“have”，“lose”的过去分词是“lost”。故填have lost。
35．句意：我还没有达到我的目标体重。根据“yet”可知，此处表示还没有完成的动作，用现在完成时的否定形式，其结构为“have/has not+过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用“have”，“reach”的过去分词是“reached”。故填haven’t reached。
36．句意：她正试图通过不同的方式减肥，比如吃药和锻炼。根据“by”可知，此处考查介词后接动名词作宾语的用法，“take”的动名词形式是“taking”。故填taking。
37．句意：在我看来，我们也要关心我们的健康。根据“have to”可知，此处考查固定短语“have to do sth.”，意为“不得不做某事”，所以此处用动词原形“care”，表示“关心”。故填care。
38．句意：减肥是一个漫长的过程，作为一名学生，你可能没有足够的时间去做这件事。根据“have enough time”可知，此处考查固定短语“have enough time to do sth.”，意为“有足够的时间做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式“to do”。故填to do。
39．句意：我想告诉所有的女孩，她们都很漂亮，体重多少并不重要。根据“it”可知，此处考查“it doesn’t matter”这一固定句型，意为“没关系，不重要”，且句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，助动词用“doesn’t”。故填doesn’t matter。
40．句意：做你自己。根据“be”可知，此处考查固定短语“be oneself”，意为“做自己”，所以此处用反身代词“yourself”，表示“你自己”。故填yourself。
41．(b)eginning 42．(b)orn 43．(y)oung 44．(r)eading 45．(t)imes 46．(s)tudying 47．(t)rue 48．(a)fter 49．(w)ay 50．(m)eaningful
【导语】本文介绍了博士论文作者黄国平的经历，他出身山区，早年生活艰难，但心怀信念坚持学习，最终走出山区，还表达了希望保持年轻心态、以新方式认识世界并做有意义之事改善他人生活的愿望。
41．句意：作者黄国平在他论文的开头写道。根据“at the...of his thesis”可知，“at the beginning of...”表示“在……的开头”，符合“在论文开头书写内容”的语境，故填(b)eginning。
42．句意：在论文中，他说自己出生在山区，12 岁时母亲离家。根据“he was...in a mountainous area”可知，此处说明出生地，“be born in...”是固定短语，意为“出生于……”，符合语境，故填(b)orn。
43．句意：他年轻时生活很艰难，晚上最愉快的事就是在煤油灯下做作业或读书。根据“He had a hard life when he was...”可知，此处指年轻时很困难，“young”表示“年轻的”，此处指“早年、年轻时”，符合“描述过去生活状态”的语境，故填(y)oung。
44．句意：他年轻时生活很艰难，晚上最愉快的事就是在煤油灯下做作业或读书。根据“doing homework or...books”可知，“read books”是常用搭配，意为“读书”；and 连接并列成分，前面为“doing homework”，此处需用动名词形式“reading”，符合“并列列举晚间活动”的语境，故填(r)eading。
45．句意：他记不清有多少次想要放弃，但心中有一个信念，就是坚持学习，走出山区。根据“how many t 5 he wanted to give up”可知，此处指很多次想放弃，“how many”后接可数名词复数，“time”表示“次数”时为可数名词，其复数形式为“times”，故填(t)imes。
46．句意：他记不清有多少次想要放弃，但心中有一个信念，就是坚持学习，走出山区。根据“keep...and get out of the mountainous area”可知，“keep doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“持续做某事”；结合语境，此处指“坚持学习”，“study”的动名词形式为“studying”，故填(s)tudying。
47．句意：最终，他的梦想实现了。根据“his dream did come...”可知，“come true”是固定短语，意为“实现”，符合“描述梦想达成”的语境，故填(t)rue。
48．句意：我希望在奋斗这么多年后，还能保持一颗年轻的心。根据“keep a young heart...fighting for so many years”可知，“after”表示“在……之后”，此处指“经过多年奋斗之后”，符合“表达时间关系”的语境，故填(a)fter。
49．句意：我希望能以一种新的方式去了解世界。根据“in a new...”可知，“in a...way”是常用搭配，意为“以……方式”，符合“表达认识世界的方式”的语境，故填(w)ay。
50．句意：我认为对我来说，做一些能让别人生活更美好的事是有意义的。根据“it is...for me to do something to make other people’s life better”可知，“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，“meaningful”表示“有意义的”，符合“表达做某事的价值”的语境，故填(m)eaningful。
51．an 52．them 53．what 54．stood 55．second 56．to 57．comfortably 58．have become 59．activities 60．thankful
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了害羞的作者通过参加志愿活动逐渐变得外向的故事。
51．句意：有一次，我被要求成为一名志愿者，加入一个小组，为一个活动做准备。根据“prepare for...activity”可知，activity为元音音素开头的单数名词，且是首次出现，此处需要不定冠词“an”。故填an。
52．句意：为了加入他们，我鼓起勇气走到他们面前。空前有动词join，they变为人称代词的宾格形式“them”，作join的宾语。故填them。
53．句意：然后我问他们我能为他们做些什么。根据“I asked...I could do”可推知，作者问能为他们做些什么，what“什么”，引导宾语从句，符合语境。故填what。
54．句意：意识到自己被拒绝了，我尴尬地站在那里。根据“Realizing I was refused”可知，此处为一般过去时，stand的过去式为stood。故填stood。
55．句意：当我第二次去他们那里时，一个志愿者看到了我。根据定冠词the和空后的名词单数“time”可知，此处表示“第二次”，基数词two变为序数词“second”。故填second。
56．句意：当我在工作的时候，志愿者把他的同学介绍给我。根据“introduced his classmates...me.”可知，此处为动词短语“introduce...to...”，意为“向……介绍……”。故填to。
57．句意：在他热情的帮助下，我不那么紧张了，开始和他们轻松地交谈。根据“and started talking with them”可知，形容词comfortable应变为副词“comfortably”，意为“舒服地”，修饰动词talking。故填comfortably。
58．句意：从那以后，我变得更外向了。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处为现在完成时，谓语结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为I，应用have，become的过去分词为become。故填have become。
59．句意：我喜欢参加活动和交朋友。activity为可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式activities。故填activities。
60．句意：我很感谢那个志愿者。am为系动词，所以此空填形容词作表语，thank的形容词为“thankful”，意为“感激的”，符合语境。故填thankful。
61．height 62．the 63．at 64．and 65．grew 66．himself 67．first 68．hard 69．have changed 70．has been
【导语】本文讲述了作者因身高问题感到困扰，祖父通过讲述自己的人生经历鼓励作者要挺直腰板、自信做人的故事。
61．句意：对我来说，身高是我的困扰。空处作主语，填名词。high“高的”，形容词，名词形式是height“身高”，不可数名词。故填height。
62．句意：作为班里最高的学生，我总是感到不安。根据“of my class”可知，此处指班级里最高的。形容词最高级“tallest”前需用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
63．句意：我的祖父没有嘲笑我。根据“laugh”和“Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would say, ‘Stand straight…’”可知，此处指嘲笑。laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑”。故填at。
64．句意：相反，每当我试图弯腰让自己显得更矮时，他就会说：“站直且站高，艾丽莎。”形容词“straight”和“tall”是并列关系，用表示并列关系的连词and连接。故填and。
65．句意：祖父在受到战争破坏的国家长大。根据“After the war, he went to”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语。grow“成长”，动词，过去式为grew。故填grew。
66．句意：他常提醒自己：“挺直腰板，站高些。”根据“he often reminded”可知，空处作宾语，且与主语指代同一个人，用反身代词。he“他”，宾格，反身代词为himself。故填himself。
67．句意：他曾经告诉我，起初他非常紧张。根据“he was very nervous at”可知，找到工作后的第一反应是紧张。at first是固定短语，意为“起初”。故填first。
68．句意：他不仅努力学习这份艰难的新工作，还努力学习一门新语言。空处修饰名词“job”，填形容词作定语。hard“艰难的”，形容词。故填hard。
69．句意：自从我听了祖父不寻常的经历，我改变了自己。此句为“Since”引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，结构为have/has done。主语为“I”，助动词用have；change“改变”，动词，过去分词为changed。故填have changed。
70．句意：多年来，“挺直腰板，站高些”一直是改善我姿势的建议。根据“for many years”可知，此句用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。主语为一句话，助动词用has；be“是”，动词，过去分词为been。故填has been。
71．have been 72．hasn’t invited 73．a 74．haven’t found 75．refused 76．expecting 77．experience 78．or 79．pass 80．stranger
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，包含两封信件。第一封是Lost Girl写给Sue的求助信，讲述她和好朋友之间出现问题，向Sue寻求帮助；第二封是Sue给Lost Girl的回信，给出了一些解决朋友间问题的建议。
71．句意：我们成为朋友已经五年了。根据“for five years”可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时，结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“We”是复数，所以用“have been”。故填have been。
72．句意：但是自从上周五以来，她就没有邀请我和她一起去。根据“ever since last Friday”可知，此处表示从上周五到现在一直没邀请，用现在完成时，结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“she”是第三人称单数，否定形式用“hasn’t”，动词“invite”的过去分词是“invited”。故填hasn’t invited。
73．句意：我考虑了所有让她和我在一起感到头疼的事情，但我还没有找出原因。“have a headache”是固定短语，意为“头疼”，所以此处用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
74．句意：我考虑了所有让她和我在一起感到头疼的事情，但我还没有找出原因。根据“yet”可知，此处表示到现在还没有找到原因，用现在完成时的否定形式“haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，所以用“haven’t”，动词“find”的过去分词是“found”。故填haven’t found。
75．句意：我试着和她交流，但她拒绝回答。根据“tried”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“refuse”的过去式是“refused”。故填refused。
76．句意：我的心碎了，我期待你能帮助我。根据“My heart is broken and I’m...”可知，此处表示现在正在期待，用现在进行时，结构是“be + 现在分词”，“expect”的现在分词是“expecting”。故填expecting。
77．句意：许多人都有过这种经历。根据“this”可知，此处表示单数概念，“experience”作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填experience。
78．句意：试着给你的朋友写信，或者你可以向另一个朋友寻求帮助。根据“Try writing to your friend...you can ask another friend for help.”可知，前后是选择关系，用连词“or”表示“或者”。故填or。
79．句意：当你在学校经过她身边时，向她问好，但不要把她当作陌生人。根据“when you...her at school”可知，此处描述的是经常发生的动作，用一般现在时，主语“you”是第二人称，动词用原形“pass”。故填pass。
80．句意：当你在学校经过她身边时，向她问好，但不要把她当作陌生人。根据“a”可知，此处表示单数概念，“strange”的名词形式是“stranger”，意为“陌生人”。故填stranger。
81．peaceful 82．thinking 83．a 84．cities 85．are 86．friendly 87．making 88．suggest 89．Or 90．than
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何通过友善沟通和相互理解来建立和谐的邻里关系。
81．句意：为了追求和平的生活，你应该努力与周围的人建立良好关系。括号内给出名词peace，此处需要形容词形式peaceful作定语。故填peaceful。
82．句意：社区里的人可能有不同的生活方式和思维方式。and连接并列成分，前面living是动名词，此处thinking也需用动名词形式。故填thinking。
83．句意：如果每个人都有相同的想法，世界将会是一个无聊的地方。此处泛指“一个”地方，且boring以辅音音素开头。故填a。
84．句意：如今在许多城市，人们下班后通常锁上门，很少见到邻居。many后接可数名词复数形式。故填cities。
85．句意：社交互动常常被局限于街上的一声“嗨”。主语interactions是复数，且描述客观事实用一般现在时。故填are。
86．句意：如果发生这种情况，用友好的方式讨论问题。此处需要形容词作定语修饰way。故填friendly。
87．句意：这让你可以表达想法而不会破坏你们的关系。without是介词，后接动名词making。故填making。
88．句意：你应该礼貌地建议他们调低音量吗？情态动词should后接动词原形。故填suggest。
89．句意：还是你应该对他们大喊大叫？此处是选择疑问句，用or连接。故填Or。
90．句意：毕竟，好邻居胜过远亲。根据句意此处是比较级，表示“比…更好”。故填than。
91．rainy 92．quietly 93．working 94．his 95．the 96．rivers 97．to find 98．When 99．broke 100．between
【导语】本文讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期的友谊故事。
91．句意：在一个下雨天，著名的古琴演奏家伯牙静静地坐在河边。由“day”可知，此处应用所给词的形容词形式rainy，修饰名词“day”。故填rainy。
92．句意：在一个下雨天，著名的古琴演奏家伯牙静静地坐在河边。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式quietly，修饰动词“sitting”。故填quietly。
93．句意：突然，他看见一个叫钟子期的樵夫正在努力工作。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，是固定搭配，用working。故填working。
94．句意：伯牙热情地邀请他听音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的形容词性物主代词his，修饰“music”。故填his。
95．句意：当伯牙弹奏古琴，想象高山时，钟子期看到泰山直冲云霄。根据“reaching into…sky”的语境可知，此处泰山直冲云霄，此处表示特指，用the。故填the。
96．句意：你的音乐听起来像奔流的河流！river“河”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填rivers。
97．句意：他们兴奋地发现他们彼此很了解。be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到兴奋”，是固定搭配，用to find。故填to find。
98．句意：当伯牙去拜访他朋友的坟墓时，他非常难过，把古琴摔成了两半。根据“…Boya visited his friend’s tomb (坟墓), he was so sad that he…his guqin in half.”的语境可知，此处指当伯牙去拜访朋友的坟墓时所发生的事情，when符合，句首首字母大写。故填When。
99．句意：伯牙去拜访他朋友的坟墓时，他非常难过，把古琴摔成了两半。句子时态为一般过去时，用broke。故填broke。
100．句意：这个故事流传千古，不仅是伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊，也是伟大联系的象征。根据“the deep friendship…Boya and Zhong Ziqi”的语境可知，此处指伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊，应用“between… and”结构。故填between。
101．to wait 102．angrily 103．my 104．offered 105．were 106．it 107．with 108．but 109．Showing 110．kindness
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了店主马丽与一位外卖员之间的暖心故事，展现了人与人之间的理解与善意。
101．句意：在一个凉爽的早晨，店主马丽收到了一份线上订单，但她花了一个小时等待外卖员。表示“花时间做某事”用“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”结构。故填to wait。
102．句意：当外卖员到来时，马丽生气地问道：“怎么回事？”分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词“asked”，需用副词形式angrily“生气地”。故填angrily。
103．句意：“外面太冷了，我的摩托车坏了。”外卖员说道。分析句子结构，设空处修饰名词“motorbike”，需用形容词性物主代词my“我的”。故填my。
104．句意：听到他的话，她的怒气消了，并给了他一杯热水。此处动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填offered。
105．句意：那时，马丽注意到外卖员的脸和手因长时间户外工作而冻得青紫。主语“face and hands”是复数，且描述过去状态，be动词用were。故填were。
106．句意：交谈中，马丽得知外卖员想给女儿买生日蛋糕，但他觉得蛋糕太贵了。分析句子结构，此处指代前文提到的生日蛋糕，用“it”作主语。故填it。
107．句意：外卖员离开后，马丽在微信朋友圈与朋友分享了刚才的事。短语“share sth. with sb.”表示“与某人分享某事”。故填with。
108．句意：生活比我们想象的艰难，但我们都没有放弃！前后为转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
109．句意：为辛勤工作的人点赞，对外卖员表示理解是必要的。设空处作主语，需用动名词形式。故填Showing。
110．句意：当他们见面时，马丽向他表达了人们的善意，并送了他一个蛋糕作为女儿的生日礼物。设空处作宾语，需用名词形式kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
111．helpful 112．thought 113．with 114．an 115．opinions 116．them 117．come 118．certainly 119．but 120．to get
【导语】本文介绍了如何和父母相处得好的一些建议。
111．句意：如果你面临这样的问题, 我现在所说的可能会对你有所帮助。根据be及语境可知空处用形容词，help的形容词形式helpful意为“有帮助的”, 符合语境。故填helpful。
112．句意：你有没有想过和父母谈谈，找出你们相处不好的原因？根据“Have you ever”可知，句子的时态用现在完成时，think的过去分词为thought。故填thought。
113．句意：当我还是个青少年的时候, 我也和父母相处得不好。根据“get on well”可知，用介词well，构成短语get on well with sb，意为“和某人相处得好”。故填with。
114．句意：我很抱歉我有过这样的经历。根据“I am sorry that I had such”可知，空处用不定冠词,experience在这里是“经历”的意思，为可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头, 故填 an。
115．句意：当然,，我们有不同的意见，但我鼓励他们公开且诚实地与我沟通。根据“we have different”和所给单词opinion可知，opinion意为“观点；意见”，作可数名词，结合different可知用复数形式opinions。故填opinions。
116．句意：当然，我们有不同的意见，但我鼓励他们公开且诚实地与我沟通。动词encourage后加they的宾格形式them。故填them。
117．句意：到目前为止，他们都很信任我，有任何事都来找我。结合So far和have trusted可知此处用现在完成时，为避免重复，此处省略助动词have，因此用come的过去分词come。故填come。
118．句意：和父母吵架肯定会让他们生气, 你也不会感觉很好。根据“Arguing with your parents will... make them angry”可知，此处用certain的副词形式certainly修饰动词 make，意为“肯定”。故填certainly。
119．句意：例如，你可能希望将来成为一名艺术家，但你的父母希望你做其他事情。根据“you may want to be an artist in the future,...your parents want you to do something else.”可知，此处表示转折关系, 所以用but。故填but。
120．句意：尽量与父母和睦相处。try one’s best to do sth.意为"尽某人全力做某事”，为固定搭配，故填to get。
121．(w)hom 122．(d)irect 123．(i)mpolite 124．(l)onger 125．(t)han 126．(r)equest 127．(t)rouble 128．(d)ifficult 129．(i)mportant 130．(l)anguage
【导语】本文讲述了好的说话者会根据不同的情况选用合适的语言和别人交流。
121．句意：他们使用的表达方式可能取决于他们在和谁说话，或者他们对彼此的了解程度。结合首字母和句中“they are speaking to”可知，此句是说使用的表达方式可能取决于他们在和谁说话。此处需要作介词“to”的宾语，应用whom，意为“谁”。故填(w)hom。
122．句意：你可以直接问同学问题，因为你很了解他们。结合首字母和句中“because you know them well”可知，此句是说可以直接问同学问题。“question”为名词，用形容词direct修饰，意为“直接的”。故填(d)irect。
123．句意：然而，如果你对老师说:“学校旅行是什么时候？”，这可能听起来不礼貌。结合首字母和句中“However, if you say to your teacher, ‘When is the school trip ’”可知，此句是说这样问老师不礼貌。impolite“不礼貌的”，形容词。故填(i)mpolite。
124．句意：礼貌的问题通常比较长。结合首字母和句中“They include expressions such as ‘Could you please... ’ or ‘May I ask… ’”可知，有礼貌的表达句子通常比较长。longer“更长的”，形容词。故填(l)onger。
125．句意：“彼得，你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？”听起来更有礼貌，而不是“彼得，告诉我你的电子邮件地址。”结合首字母和句中“It sounds more polite to say”可知，此句是说“彼得，你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？”比“彼得，告诉我你的电子邮件地址。”更有礼貌。than“比”，常用于比较级中。故填(t)han。
126．句意：有时我们甚至需要花时间来提出一个请求。结合首字母和句中“For example, we might first say to a stranger, ‘Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me’ or ‘I’m sorry to...you, but...’ before asking for help.”可知，此句是说提出一个请求前，我们需要花些时间去表达。request“请求，需求”，名词。故填(r)equest。
127．句意：例如，我们可能首先对陌生人说，“对不起，我想知道你能不能帮助我”或“我很抱歉打扰你，但是……”，然后再寻求帮助。结合首字母和句中“before asking for help”可知，此句是说有事要麻烦对方。此处用动词trouble，意为“使麻烦”，故填(t)rouble。
128．句意：礼貌地说话似乎比直接说话更难。结合首字母和句中“to speak politely than directly”可知，此句是说礼貌地说话似乎比直接说话更难。difficult“困难的”，形容词。故填(d)ifficult。
129．句意：然而，学习如何在不同的情况下使用正确的语言是很重要的。结合首字母和句中“to learn how to use”可知，此句是说学习正确使用某种东西是重要的。important“重要的”，形容词。故填(i)mportant。
130．句意：然而，学习如何在不同的情况下使用正确的语言是很重要的。结合首字母和句中“This will help you communicate better with other people.”可知，此句说的是使用正确的语言交流。language“语言”，故填(l)anguage。
131．(u)nhappy 132．(n)othing 133．(h)ome 134．(v)isited 135．(e)ither 136．(w)orking 137．(s)mile 138．(h)ard 139．(w)ithout 140．(h)appiest
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，主要讲述了英格兰一位富有但感到不快乐的富人寻找快乐的过程。
131．句意：他有很多钱，但他一直感到不快乐。结合本句“He had a lot of money, but he felt …all the time.”及首字母提示可知，他虽然有很多钱，但他依然不开心。故填(u)nhappy。
132．句意：老人看了他一眼，摇了摇头，什么也没说。结合“The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said …”及首字母提示可知，这个老人看了看他，摇了摇头，啥也没说。故填(n)othing。
133．句意：最后，这个富人离开家去寻找幸福。结合上文所述和本句“Finally, the rich man left …to look for happiness.”以及首字母提示可知，这个富人在没有得到有关幸福的答案后，最终决定离开家去寻找幸福。故填(h)ome。
134．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。根据横线后的“many places”及首字母提示可知，横线处应表达游览，又本文时态为一般过去时，因此需填动词原形visit的过去式visited。故填(v)isited。
135．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。结合该否定句“but all of them said they were not happy …”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达他们所有人也不开心。故填(e)ither。
136．句意：在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里干活。结合“On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer …in the fields.”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里工作的那一瞬间。因此用“see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事”这一句型。故填(w)orking。
137．句意：农夫笑着回答说：“这很容易。”结合后文“That’s very easy.”及首字母提示可知，这位农民认为找到幸福对他来说很简单，因此才会笑着说。故填(s)mile。
138．句意：“如果你努力工作，一天能吃上三顿饭且无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合分析句子结构以及首字母提示可知，此处需填副词hard以修饰动词“work”从而表达努力工作。故填(h)ard。
139．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合并列连词前的“have three meals a day”及首字母提示可知，此空需填without以表达和一天能吃上三顿饭这样同等美好的无忧无虑的早睡。故填(w)ithout。
140．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合横线前后的定冠词“the”和“in the world”以及首字母提示可知，此空需填happy的最高级形式happiest以表达你将是世界上最幸福的人。故填(h)appiest。
141．(h)igh 142．(I)f 143．(s)hocked 144．(k)idding 145．(f)ollow 146．(a)gree 147．(a)lthough 148．(k)eep 149．(e)nd 150．(p)ossible
【导语】本文主要讲述了愚公移山的故事，通过故事告诉我们：凡事不尝试去实现它，永远都无法知道什么是可能的。
141．句意：他和他的家人住在一个村子里，他家附近有两座又大又高的山。根据“there were two big and h…mountains near his house.”和首字母提示可知，这里表示一座又大又高的山，high意为“高的”，形容词，修饰其后名词。故填(h)igh。
142．句意：如果他们想要到达山的另一边，他们需要花很长时间。根据“I…they wanted to get to the other side, they needed to spend a long time.”和首字母提示可知，此处使用if，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。故(I)f。
143．句意：听到这个，他的家人都惊呆了。根据“One day, Yu Gong told his family that they must move the mountains to the other places.”和首字母提示可知，愚公告诉家人必须把山搬到其他地方是件令人震惊的事。shocked意为“震惊的”，形容词作表语。故(s)hocked。
144．句意：他的一个儿子说：“你在开玩笑吗？”根据“No, I’m serious and all of you must f…me.”和首字母提示可知，家人认为他在开玩笑，kid意为“开玩笑”，are后跟动词的现在分词，构成现在进行时。故(k)idding。
145．句意：不，我是认真的，你们都必须听我的。根据“No, I’m serious”和首字母提示可知，愚公要求家人必须听他的。follow意为“听从”，must为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故(f)ollow。
146．句意：每个人都不得不同意他的观点，因为当时家里最年长的人是最重要的人。根据“because the oldest man in the family was the most important person at that time.”和首字母提示可知，家里人都不得不同意他的观点，agree意为“同意”，have to后接动词原形。故(a)gree。
147．句意：但愚公说，虽然他很虚弱，快要死了，但他的家人可以继续移山。根据“But Yu Gong said a… he was weak and would die, his family could k… moving the mountains.”和首字母提示可知，虽然他很虚弱但是会继续移山。前后两句存在让步关系，although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。故(a)lthough。
148．句意：但愚公说，虽然他很虚弱，快要死了，但他的家人可以继续移山。根据“But Yu Gong said a… he was weak and would die, his family could k… moving the mountains.”和首字母提示可知，虽然他很虚弱但是会继续移山。keep意为“继续”，could为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故(k)eep。
149．句意：最后，玉帝被愚公感动了，他派了两个神来帮助愚公移山。根据“a god was moved by Yu Gong”可知，此处使用in the end表示“最后”，介词短语。故(e)nd。
150．句意：这个故事告诉我们，除非你努力让它发生，否则你永远不会知道什么是可能的。根据“what’s p… unless you try to make it happen.”和首字母提示，只有努力让事情发生，才会知道什么是可能的。possible意为“可能的”，形容词作表语。故(p)ossible。
151．(m)ade 152．(b)ecause 153．(c)ome 154．(h)igher 155．(a)ir 156．(s)olve 157．(p)assengers 158．(m)ain 159．(b)etween 160．(a)lways
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了飞机的发展历程，从最初的材料、结构改进，到空气动力学的发展，再到现代喷气式飞机的出现，以及未来飞机的发展方向。
151．句意：飞机曾经是由木材和其他材料制成的。根据“Planes were once ... of wood and other materials (材料)”及首字母可知，这里表示飞机曾经是由木材和其他材料制成的。“be made of”是固定短语，表示“由……制成” 。这里是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 “was/were+过去分词”。故填(m)ade。
152．句意：飞机在结构上得到改进，因为它们必须能够运载重物。根据“Planes improved in structure (结构) ... they had to be able to carry heavy things.”可知，前后句是因果关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，说明飞机结构改进的原因。故填(b)ecause。
153．句意：工程师们使这成为现实。根据“And engineers made this ... true.”及首字母可知，这里表示工程师们使这成为现实。“come true”是固定短语，表示“实现”，“make e true”表示“使某事成为现实”。故填(c)ome。
154．句意：飞机有可能变得更大，飞得更快、更远、更高。根据“It was possible for planes to be bigger and fly faster, farther and ... ”及首字母可知，这里表示飞机有可能变得更大，飞得更快、更远、更高。根据前面的“faster, farther”可知这里要用副词比较级，“high”的比较级是“higher”，表示“更高”。故填 (h)igher。
155．句意：随着飞机飞得更高，飞行员和乘客在稀薄的空气中呼吸会更加困难。根据“As planes flew higher, pilots and passengers would have more difficulty in breathing in the thin ...”及首字母可知，这里表示飞行员和乘客在稀薄的空气中呼吸会更加困难。根据语境和常识，高空的“空气”是“air”，是不可数名词。故填(a)ir。
156．句意：为了解决这个问题，发明了加压舱。根据“The pressurized cabins (加压舱) were invented in order to ... this problem.”及首字母可知，这里表示为了解决这个问题。“in order to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“为了做某事”，“solve”表示“解决”。故填(s)olve。
157． 句意：它可以搭载21名乘客，并且飞行平稳。根据“It could pick up 21 ... and could fly smoothly.”及首字母可知，这里表示它可以搭载21名乘客。“passenger”是“乘客”的意思，可数名词，前面有“21”修饰，要用复数形式“passengers”。故填(p)assengers。
158．句意：它很快成为世界主要航空公司的主要运输飞机。根据“It soon became the ... transport plane ...”及首字母可知，这里表示它很快成为世界主要航空公司的主要运输飞机。“main”是形容词，修饰名词“transport plane”，表示“主要的”。故填(m)ain。
159． 句意：1958年，泛美世界航空公司使用美国波音707喷气式飞机，开通了纽约市和巴黎之间的首条喷气式航班服务。根据“In 1958, ... New York City and Paris using the American Boeing 707 jet.”可知，这里表示开通了纽约市和巴黎之间的首条喷气式航班服务。“between...and...”是固定搭配，表示 “在……和……之间”。故填(b)etween。
160． 句意：但人们的需求总是在变化。根据“But people’s needs are ... changing.”及首字母可知，这里表示人们的需求总是在变化。“always”是副词，修饰动词“changing”，表示“总是”。故填(a)lways。
161．earliest 162．is called 163．but 164．to represent 165．slowly 166．as 167．a 168．their 169．numbers 170．common
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代不同计数方法的发展历程，包括“计数棒”、印度数字系统、阿拉伯数字和罗马数字的演变。
161．句意：最早的一种被称为“计数棒”。根据“one of the”可知，此处需用最高级，early的最高级是earliest。故填earliest。
162．句意：这被称为“一一对应”。主语“This”与动词“call”之间是被动关系，且全文为一般现在时。故填is called。
163．句意：计数棒容易理解，但记录大数字可能耗时很久。前后句为转折关系。故填but。
164．句意：人们开始用抽象符号来代表不同数字，而不再使用计数棒。不定式表目的。故填to represent。
165．句意：研究人员并不确切知道这个过程是如何发生的，但有些人认为，在数世纪的过程中，这些木棍逐渐演变成了符号。修饰动词需用副词形式。故填slowly。
166．句意：如今它们被称为阿拉伯数字。“be known as”是固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故填as。
167．句意：古罗马人用另一种方式书写数字。“different way”为单数可数名词，且different是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
168．句意：他们使用自己字母表中的字母。alphabet为名词，前面需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
169．句意：罗马数字曾是欧洲最常见的数字书写方式。泛指“数字”需用复数。故填numbers。
170．句意：但罗马数字不如阿拉伯数字常用，可能是因为它们使用起来太困难了。are后接形容词作表语，as…as结构中用形容词原级。故填common。
171．to design 172．to use 173．to help 174．to make 175．working 176．to forget 177．thinking
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了吉姆加入发明俱乐部后，设计一个简单书挡的经历以及他对下一个发明的期待。
171．句意：想了一会儿后，我选择设计一个简单的书挡。根据“After thinking for a while, I chose...a simple bookend ” 以及固定搭配“choose to do sth.（选择做某事）”可知，此处需要用动词不定式形式。故填to design。
172．句意：为了制作它，我学习使用一些基本工具。根据“To make it, I learned...some basic tools.” 以及固定搭配“learn to do sth.（学习做某事）”可知，此处要用动词不定式形式。故填to use。
173．句意：俱乐部老师史密斯先生主动提出帮助我改进我的发明。根据“Mr Smith, the club teacher, offered...me improve my invention.” 以及固定搭配“offer to do sth.（主动提出做某事）”可知，这里应使用动词不定式形式。故填to help。
174．句意：当我开始工作时，我尽我最大的努力使这个书挡尽可能坚固。根据“When I started working, I tried my best...make the bookend as strong as possible.”以及固定搭配“try one's best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事）”可知，此处需用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
175．句意：但我继续做这个书挡，慢慢地，它开始成形了。根据“But I kept...on the bookend, and slowly, it started to take shape.”以及固定搭配“keep doing sth.（继续做某事，一直做某事）”可知，这里要用动名词形式。故填working。
176．句意：在制作书挡的时候，我总是提醒自己不要忘记重要的步骤。ask sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，此处用动词不定式形式。故填to forget。
177．句意：现在，我一直在思考我的下一个发明。根据“Now, I keep...about my next invention.” 以及固定搭配“keep doing sth.（一直做某事，持续做某事）”可知，这里要用动名词形式。故填thinking。
178．called 179．first 180．dangerous 181．success 182．widely 183．made 184．to see 185．of 186．breaking 187．anything
【导语】本文主要介绍了Dennis Hong和他的学生们设计的类人机器人，包括各种用途的机器人，并分享了他对失败和创新的看法。
178．句意：Dennis Hong和他的学生们设计了类人机器人，其中包括一个名为Project YORI的烹饪机器人。根据“a cooking robot...Project YORI”可知，此处指被叫做Project YORI的烹饪机器人，应用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
179．句意：还有DAVID，世界上第一辆也是唯一一辆可以由盲人驾驶的汽车。根据“the world’s...and only car”可知，此处指世界上第一辆也是唯一一辆可以由盲人驾驶的汽车，应用序数词first表示“第一”。故填first。
180．句意：还有SAFFiR，一个可以做危险工作的两条腿的机器人。根据“work”可知，此处应用形容词dangerous修饰名词work，表示“危险的工作”。故填dangerous。
181．句意：当他被问及自己最大的成功时。根据“his biggest...”可知，此处应用名词success表示“成功”，为不可数名词。故填success。
182．句意：他认为这是用于研究和教育的应用最广泛的类人机器人之一。根据“used”可知，此处应用副词widely修饰动词used，表示“广泛地应用”。故填widely。
183．句意：Hong的团队免费公开了DARwIn的设计，供任何人使用。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式made。故填made。
184．句意：许多人只想看到我们的成功，而不是之前的失败。根据“want”可知，此处考查固定短语want to do sth.，表示“想要做某事”，应用动词不定式to see作宾语。故填to see。
185．句意：如果你太害怕失败，那么你只能走在更安全的一边，然后就没有创新。根据“afraid...failure”可知，此处考查固定短语be afraid of sth.，表示“害怕某事”，应用介词of。故填of。
186．句意：我告诉我的学生试着弄坏机器人。根据“try”可知，此处考查固定短语try doing sth.，表示“尝试做某事”，应用动名词breaking作宾语。故填breaking。
187．句意：如果机器人不倒下也不坏，我们就什么也学不到。根据“If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break”可知，此处表示否定意义，应用anything表示“任何东西”，用于否定句或疑问句中。故填anything。
188．inventors 189．to get 190．a 191．it 192．successfully 193．for 194．that 195．studying 196．mother’s 197．longest
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了发明家托马斯·爱迪生的生平，包括他的发明、制作灯泡的过程、短暂的上学经历、在母亲帮助下学习的情况等。
188．句意：美国的托马斯·爱迪生（1847—1931）是世界上最伟大的发明家之一。根据“He made over 2000 inventions in his life”可知，他一生有2000多项发明，由此可判断他是发明家。“invent”是动词，意为“发明”，其名词形式“inventor”表示“发明家”，“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，需用“inventor”的复数形式“inventors”。故填inventors。
189．句意：为了获得适合灯泡的灯丝，他尝试了1600多种不同的材料。根据“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生花了很长时间制作灯泡，尝试不同材料的目的就是得到合适的灯丝。此处用动词不定式表目的，“get”意为“获得，得到”，其不定式形式“to get”符合语境。故填to get。
190．句意：他用了像一个男人胡须上的毛发之类的东西。文章此处只是泛指“一个男人的胡须”，并非特指某个人，所以用不定冠词。“man”是以辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词需用“a”。故填a。
191．句意：有些人认为他做不出来（灯泡）。根据前文“The most famous one was the light bulb”以及“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生一直在努力制作灯泡，此处“有些人认为他做不出来”中的“做不出来”指的就是做不出前文提到的“灯泡”，为避免重复，用代词“it”指代“the light bulb”。故填it。
192．句意：然而，最终他成功地制作出了第一个实用的灯泡。根据后文内容可知，爱迪生确实做出了灯泡，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“made”，表示“成功地制作”。“success”是名词，意为“成功”，其副词形式“successfully”表示“成功地”，符合语境。故填successfully。
193．句意：爱迪生只上了三个月学。根据“only three months”可知，此处是表示一段时间，“for + 时间段”是常用搭
/ 让学习更有效 期中备考培优 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级英语上册期中复习考点培优外研版（2024）
专题10 短文填空
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Everyone wants to be a good-looking person, especially young people. Did you d 1 of being tall when you were young If a girl has a beautiful face, maybe she can join in the storytelling when she grows u 2 . Of course, a handsome boy can take part in model shows. And a tall boy can be a basketball player. In fact, most people around us are of medium h 3 and medium build.
For students, food can be useful to your body. If you want to be tall, you can drink more milk. Fruit and vegetables also make your body s 4 and healthy. Walking is good for our health. If you don’t want to w 5 glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes.
Most people have ordinary faces. You can’t judge someone only b 6 his or her looks. A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life.
The inner beauty is the thing everyone n 7 . If you are kind and f 8 to people, they will like you. If you can use your abilities to help o 9 , you will be powerful and helpful
People may describe good looks differently, but the ideas about inner b 10 are the same. It’s the most important.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
“What are you going to be when you grow up ” That’s 11 common question for most children. I remember I first got this question at an early age. One day my cousin asked me that question. My father 12 (know) me very well. Before I said something, my father 13 (quick) answered. “Karen is going to be a doctor.”
I didn’t question my father’s words at that time. That’s because I never wanted to do anything else than to save 14 (people) lives. I really wanted to be a doctor when I grew up.
My parents always said to me, “You can be a doctor, an engineer or a 15 (teach). You can even make the soccer team to play soccer. You can decide what you do. You just need to try your best 16 (make) it come true.”
When I started my college, I studied all the time. I remember my dad calling me 17 (one) a week, but sometimes I didn’t hear it. I would call 18 (he) back after I finished my study in the library. And I got up an hour 19 (early) than others to study every day.
It’s hard to be successful. 20 , after many years’ study, I become a doctor now. And I really love my job.
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中单词的正确形式。
I still remembered the first day I met Jane. When she 21 (walk) into the classroom, all the students were very surprised 22 (see) that there was a big red birthmark on her face. Jane didn’t care at all although some bad boys laughed at 23 (she). Instead, she was always 24 (smile).
I wanted to know why Jane could always be so happy. So one day, I went to her and asked if she knew there was a red birthmark on her face. She replied that, of course, she knew. Whenever she looked 25 the mirror, she could see it.
“Then how can you live happily all the time Don’t you think 26 mark makes you strange ” I asked.
“No, actually, the mark makes me special. I always tell 27 (oneself) that I have no way to decide what I look like, 28 I can decide what I want to be. I’m much luckier than those that can’t walk or run. At least I’m a healthy person,” Jane answered with a smile.
Jane’s words opened a new world for me. At that moment, I understood the world 29 (well) than before. If the world is looked from a very bright way, some bad things will be good 30 (gift).
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
When someone tells me that I need to lose weight, I feel confused (困惑的). 31 fact, my weight is 57 kg and my 32 (high) is 164 cm. I think this is just the right weight for me. But many people think every girl who is around my height should weigh 33 (little) than 50 kg. One of my friends said, “I 34 (lose) 5 kg already, but I still feel I’m a little fat. I 35 (not reach) my target (目标) weight yet.” She is trying to lose weight in different ways, such as by 36 (take) medicine and exercising.
In my opinion, we have to 37 (care) about our health as well. Losing weight is a long process and as a student, you might not have enough time 38 (do) it. I want to tell all the girls out there that they are beautiful and that it 39 (not matter) how much they weigh. You can be anyone you want and wear anything you want. Just be 40 (you).
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Recently, many people are talking about an acknowledgement (致谢) from a doctoral thesis (博士论文). “I have come a long way and had many difficulties to give this thesis to you.” The writer, Huang Guoping, wrote at the b 41 of his thesis.
In the thesis, he said he was b 42 in a mountainous area (山区) and his mother left home when he was 12. His father died in a traffic accident(事故) when he was 17. He had a hard life when he was y 43 , the most enjoyable part of the evening was doing homework or r 44 books under the kerosene lamp (煤油灯). He couldn’t remember how many t 45 he wanted to give up, but there was a faith (信念) in his heart that is to keep s 46 and get out of the mountainous area. Finally, his dream did come t 47 .
At the end of the acknowledgement, Huang described his wishes. “I hope I can keep a young heart a 48 fighting (斗争) for so many years. I hope I can get to know the world in a new w 49 . I think it is m 50 for me to do something to make other people’s life better.”
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
I was shy and always didn’t know how to start a talk with others. Once I was asked to be a volunteer to join a group and prepare for 51 activity. Some volunteers were busy collecting materials. Wanting to join 52 (they), I worked up my courage and came up to them. Then I asked 53 I could do for them. However, one of the volunteers who seemed a little busy said, “No, thank you.” Realizing I was refused, I 54 (stand) there with great embarrassment. Then I walked away with my head down. When I went to them the 55 (two) time, a volunteer saw me. He told me that there was some work to do, so they needed my help. While I was working, the volunteer introduced his classmates 56 me. With his warm help, I felt less nervous, and started talking with them 57 (comfortable). Since then, I 58 (become) more outgoing. I like joining in 59 (activity) and making friends. I am 60 (thank) to the volunteer. What a nice person he is!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
I was much taller than other girls in Grade Eight, so I often bent (弯曲) my body at the back of the line. For me, 61 (high) was my trouble. I had always felt unsafe as 62 (冠词) tallest student of my class. My grandfather didn’t laugh 63 (介词) me. Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would say, “Stand straight 64 (连词) tall, Alisa.” And he always told me stories of his life.
My grandfather 65 (grow) up in the war-torn (受到战争破坏的) country. After the war, he went to America. He lived a hard life. “If they could do it, why couldn’t I ” “Stand straight and stand tall,” he often reminded (提醒) 66 (he). Thanks to the help of a friend, my grandfather got a job. He once told me that he was very nervous at 67 (one). He was trying to learn not only this 68 (hard) and new job, but also a new language.
I am so proud of my grandfather. Since I listened to my grandfather’s unusual experiences, I 69 (change) myself.
“Stand straight and stand tall” 70 (be)a piece of advice to improve my posture (姿势) for many years. It also tells me to be proud of who I am.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给词汇的正确形式
Dear Sue,
There is a problem between my good friend and me. We 71 (be) friends for five years. But ever since last Friday, she 72 (not invite) me to go with her. I considered all the things that made her have 73 headache about staying with me, but I 74 (not find) out the reason yet. We never fought or even quarreled with each other. I tried to communicate with her, but she 75 (refuse) to answer. My heart is broken and I’m 76 (expect) you to help me.
—Lost Girl
Dear Lost Girl,
Many people have had this 77 (experience). Sometimes it’s pretty hard to tell what’s wrong in a friendship. Try writing to your friend 78 you can ask another friend for help. If possible, buy her a bunch of flowers to comfort her. If none of these things works, just leave your friend alone. She may need some time to cool down and think about the situation herself.
Both of you can move on and find new friends. But even if you’re not friends anymore, you should still be friendly. Say hi to her when you 79 (pass) her at school but don’t see her as a 80 (strange). Maybe one day she will realize what a good friend you are.
—Sue
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
To work towards a 81 (peace) life, you should always try to develop good relationships with the people around you. Be kind and help those in need. Do this not only for family and friends, but also for the people who live in your neighbourhood.
People in your community might have different ways of living and 82 (think). This doesn’t mean that they’re wrong and you’re right. If everyone had the same ideas, the world would be 83 boring place.
Today, in many 84 (city), people usually lock their doors after work and don’t see their neighbours much. Social interactions (相互影响) 85 (be) often limited to a “Hi!” on the street. However, there may be times when someone does something that upsets you. If this happens, discuss the matter in a 86 (friend) way. This allows you to express your ideas without 87 (make) your relationship damaged. Avoid arguments, especially ones that judge the nature of the person rather than the actions. For example, your neighbours are playing loud music while you try to fall asleep. Should you politely 88 (suggest) they turn it down 89 should you angrily shout at them The first choice is wise. By calmly examining any problems, you create the relationship of mutual respect and understanding. After all, good neighbours are better 90 distant relatives.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Have you ever heard of the ancient Chinese story about Boya and Zhong Ziqi
On a 91 (rain) day, the famous guqin player, Boya, was sitting by the river 92 (quiet). Suddenly, he saw a woodcutter called Zhong Ziqi 93 (work) hard. Boya warmly invited him to listen to 94 (he) music.
While Boya was playing his guqin and imagining high mountains, Zhong Ziqi saw Mount Tai reaching into 95 sky. When Boya thought of rushing water, Zhong Ziqi said, “Your music sounds like running 96 (river)!” Whatever Boya thought about, Zhong Ziqi heard in his music. They were excited 97 (find) that they understood each other well.
Later, Zhong Ziqi passed away. 98 Boya visited his friend’s tomb (坟墓), he was so sad that he 99 (break) his guqin in half. He would never play it again. This story has been passed down through the ages, not only as a story of the deep friendship 100 Boya and Zhong Ziqi but also as a symbol of the great connection.
语法填空。
On a cool morning, a shop owner, Ma Li, received an online order, but it took her an hour 101 (wait) for the deliveryman.
When the deliveryman came, Ma asked 102 (angry), “What happened ” “It is too cold outside and 103 (I) motorbike was broken,” said the deliveryman. Hearing his words, her anger was gone. And she 104 (offer) him a cup of hot water.
At that moment, Ma noticed the deliveryman’s face and hands 105 (be) dark purple because he was working outside for too long a time. She felt very sorry for him. While they were talking, Ma knew that the deliveryman wanted to buy his daughter a birthday cake, but he thought 106 was too expensive to buy.
After the deliveryman left, Ma shared what had happened just now 107 her friends on her WeChat Moments (微信朋友圈). Heartwarming comments poured in, such as “Life is much harder than we thought, 108 none of us gives up!”, “Thumbs up (点赞) for hard-working people” and “ 109 (show) understanding to deliverymen is necessary.” Some even gave money for a cake.
The next day, Ma got in touch with the deliveryman and invited him to her shop. When they met, Ma expressed people’s 110 (kind) to him and gave him a cake for his daughter’s birthday. The deliveryman was very moved.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）
Many teenagers don’t get along well with their parents and they don’t know what to do. If you face such a problem, what I’m saying now might be 111 (help) to you.
Have you ever 112 (think) of talking to your parents to find out why you don’t get along well with each other When I was a teenager, I didn’t get on well 113 (介词) my parents either. We sometimes argued with each other. I am sorry that I had such 114 (冠词) experience. Now I’m a mother of four girls. Of course, we have different 115 (opinion), but I encourage 116 (they) to communicate with me openly and honestly. So far, they have trusted me and 117 (come) to me for anything. As a result, we get along very well.
Arguing with your parents will 118 (certain) make them angry and you won’t feel good. Also, remember that the most important thing is to solve problems and silence will only make the situation worse. Try your best to be calm.
Remember that your parents love you. Sometimes they do something that you can hardly understand. For example, you may want to be an artist in the future, 119 (连词) your parents want you to do something else. If so, try to think in their shoes.
Life is too short and the family is important. Try your best 120 (get) along well with your parents.
阅读短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
Good speakers change the way they speak in different situations. The expressions they use might depend on w 121 they are speaking to or how well they know each other. It is all right to ask d 122 questions to your classmates because you know them well. However, if you say to your teacher, “When is the school trip ”, this might sound i 123 . But if you say, “Excuse me, Mr. West. Do you know when the school trip is ”, this will sound much more polite.
Usually polite questions are l 124 . They include expressions such as “Could you please... ” or “May I ask… ” It sounds more polite to say, “Peter, could you please tell me your e-mail address ” t 125 “Peter, tell me your e-mail address.” Sometimes we even need to spend time leading into a r 126 . For example, we might first say to a stranger, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to t 127 you, but...” before asking for help.
It might seem more d 128 to speak politely than directly. However, it is i 129 to learn how to use the right l 130 in different situations. This will help you communicate better with other people.
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Once upon a time there was a rich man in England. He had a lot of money, but he felt u 131 all the time.
One day he went to see an old man to ask about happiness. The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said n 132 .
Finally, the rich man left h 133 to look for happiness. He v 134 many places, met many rich men, but all of them said they were not happy e 135 .
On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer w 136 in the fields. He went up to the farmer and asked, “ Could you tell me if you feel happy ” “Yes, I’m quite happy, “ the farmer answered. “Please tell me how you have found happiness, “asked the rich man. The farmer answered with a s 137 on his face, “That’s very easy. If you work h 138 , have three meals a day and go to bed early w 139 any worry, you’ll be the h 140 man in the world. “
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词。使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Once upon a time, there was a very old man called Yu Gong. He lived with his family in a village and there were two big and h 141 mountains near his house. I 142 they wanted to get to the other side, they needed to spend a long time.
One day, Yu Gong told his family that they must move the mountains to the other places. Hearing this, everyone in his family was s 143 . One of his sons said, “Are you k 144 ” “No, I’m serious and all of you must f 145 me.” Everyone had to a 146 with him because the oldest man in the family was the most important person at that time.
The next day everyone in Yu Gong’s family started to dig (挖) the mountains. They put the stones and the earth into the sea. One day a man saw Yu Gong and his children digging the mountains. He told Yu Gong he would never finish it. But Yu Gong said a 147 he was weak and would die, his family could k 148 moving the mountains. Then they kept on digging day after day and year after year. In the e 149 a god was moved by Yu Gong and he sent two gods to help Yu Gong move the mountains away.
The story tells us that you can never know what’s p 150 unless you try to make it happen.
根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。
Have you ever known anything about planes Planes were once m 151 of wood and other materials (材料). However, many things have changed since planes were improved for military use, which really began in 1914. Planes improved in structure (结构) b 152 they had to be able to carry heavy things. And engineers made this c 153 true.
Any progress needs the support of knowledge. With the development of aerodynamics (空气动力学), some engineers came up with new ways to cut through the air smoothly. It was possible for planes to be bigger and fly faster, farther and h 154 .
As planes flew higher, pilots and passengers would have more difficulty in breathing in the thin a 155 . The pressurized cabins (加压舱) were invented in order to s 156 this problem. It made breath easier in 30,000-foot high sky. Besides, improved radio equipment (设备) allowed pilots to receive flight directions from the ground.
There were many improvements in plane in the 1930s. All of them went into building the Douglas DC-3. This twin-engine (双发动机) transport plane made its first passenger flight in 1936. It could pick up 21 p 157 and could fly smoothly. It soon became the m 158 transport plane of the world’s major air companies.
In 1958, Pan American World Airways began the first jet (喷气) service b 159 New York City and Paris using the American Boeing 707 jet. This popular plane made it possible for people other than the army to travel by plane.
Planes have improved many times over the years. But people’s needs are a 160 changing. Engineers are working to make even bigger and better planes for the future. It will offer greater comfort to passengers and reduce (减少) air pollution.
阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
In ancient times, people developed different counting methods. One of the 161 (early) was called “tally sticks”. Each “stick” (or pebble 2, or other counting tool) stands for a thing we want to count, such as an animal or a bag of rice. For each animal we want to count we draw one stick. This 162 (call) a “one-to-one correspondence”. Tally sticks are easy to understand, 163 it can take a long time to write down large numbers. To write 1,000, you have to draw a thousand tally sticks!
Later, people created faster ways of writing numbers. One such system developed in ancient India. Instead of using tally sticks, people began using different abstract symbols 164 (represent) different numbers. Researchers do not know exactly how this happened, but some believe that the sticks 165 (slow) turned into symbols over the centuries. These Indian numerals became popular, and people in the Arab world started using them too. Thanks to the Arabs, this way of writing numbers spread to Europe and across the world. Nowadays, they are known 166 Arabic numerals.
The ancient Romans wrote numbers in 167 different way. They used letters from 168 (they) alphabet. For example, the number 12 is “XII” (10+1+1). The Roman numerals used to be the most common way of writing 169 (number) in Europe. Today we still see them in many places, for example, on clock faces, on buildings or in books. But Roman numerals are not as 170 (common) as Arabic numerals, maybe because they are too difficult to use.
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
I’m Jim. I joined the invention club last month, and it has been an amazing journey.
At first, I didn’t know what to invent. After thinking for a while, I chose 171 (design) a simple bookend (书挡).
To make it, I learned 172 (use) some basic tools. Mr Smith, the club teacher, offered 173 (help) me improve my invention. With his help, things got much easier. When I started working, I tried my best 174 (make) the bookend as strong as possible. I tested it many times. There were times when the wood pieces didn’t fit well. But I kept 175 (work) on the bookend, and slowly, it started to take shape. While making the bookend, I always asked myself not 176 (forget) important steps. I did everything carefully. After a few days, I finally finished the bookend.
Now, I keep 177 (think) about my next invention. I’m looking forward to creating more inventions in the club!
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式
Dennis Hong and his students design (设计) human-like robots, which include (包括) a cooking robot 178 (call) Project YORI. YORI is only the latest of Hong’s robot inventions. There’s DAVID, the world’s 179 (one) and only car that can be driven by the blind. And SAFFiR, a two-legged robot that can do 180 (danger) work.
When he was asked about his biggest 181 (successful). Hong chose DARwIn-OP. He thought it was one of the most 182 (wide) used human-like robots for research and education. Hong’s team 183 (make) DARwIn’s design free for anyone to use.
“Many people only want 184 (see) our successes rather than the failures (失败) that came before, but failure is simply a stepping stone in developing (开发) new technology. If you’re too afraid 185 failure, then you only get to walk on the safer side, and then there’s no innovation (创新),” said Hong. “I tell my students to try 186 (break) the robot. If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break, we don’t get to learn 187 (something).”
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或者括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。
American Thomas Edison (1847—1931) was one of the greatest 188 (invent) in the world. He made over 2000 inventions in his life. The most famous one was the light bulb.
Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb. He tried over 1,600 different kinds of materials 189 (get) the right filament (灯丝) for the light bulb. He used things like the hair from 190 man’s beard (胡须). Some people didn’t think he could make 191 . However, finally he made the first practical light bulb 192 (success).
Edison went to school 193 only three months. His teacher told him that he was so stupid 194 he couldn’t learn anything. But he kept 195 (study) with his 196 (mother) help. He learned everything he needed to know. When Edison worked on a new kind of battery, he tried out 8,000 ways in all. Then he said, “Well, at least we have found 8,000 things that don’t work!”
This is the 197 (long) lasting light bulb in the world. The light has burned for 108 years in California, the USA．The light is still working today.
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参考答案及试题解析
1．(d)ream 2．(u)p 3．(h)eight 4．(s)trong 5．(w)ear 6．(b)y 7．(n)eeds 8．(f)riendly 9．(o)thers 10．(b)eauty
【导语】本文阐述了美的本质。人们都希望拥有美貌，美貌可能很重要，但它并不是生命的全部。人们对美貌的描述可能不同，但对内在美的看法是相同的。内在美是每个人都要有的东西。
1．句意：你小时候梦想过长高吗？此处填动词作谓语，空格在did后，填动词原形；根据上文“Everyone wants to be a good-looking person”可知，此处指“梦想过长高”；dream of“梦想……”。故填(d)ream。
2．句意：如果一个女孩有一张漂亮的脸，也许她长大后可以加入故事的讲述。根据“she can join in the storytelling when she grows...”可知，此处说的是长大后的事情，指“长大”；grow up“长大”，故填(u)p。
3．句意：事实上，我们周围的大多数人都是中等身高、中等身材。下文“medium build”及and并列可知，此处并列成分，指“中等身高、中等身材”，结合首字母提示可知，此处指的是height“高度”。故填(h)eight。
4．句意：水果和蔬菜也能使你的身体强壮、健康。根据上文“Fruit and vegetables also make your body...and healthy”可知，此处指“水果和蔬菜能使你的身体强壮”，结合“make+ sb +形容词”结构可知，此处填形容词strong“强壮的”。故填(s)trong。
5．句意：如果你不想戴眼镜，你必须有良好的阅读习惯来保护你的眼睛。根据“glasses, you must have good reading habits to protect your eyes.”及首字母提示可知，此处指“戴眼镜”，wear glasses“戴眼镜”，空前有to，此处动词用原形，故填(w)ear。
6．句意：你不能仅凭外表来判断一个人。根据“judge someone only...his or her looks”可知，此处指“不能仅凭外表来判断一个人”；by“通过”。故填(b)y。
7．句意：内在美是每个人都需要的。根据上文“A good appearance may be important for someone, but it isn’t all for your life.”及首字母提示可知，此处指“内在美才是每个人都需要的”；need“需要”；句子陈述一种客观的真理，用一般现在时；复合不定代词everyone作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。故填(n)eeds。
8．句意：如果你对人友善，他们会喜欢你。根据“they will like you”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是“待人友善”，friendly“友好的”，形容词作表语，故填(f)riendly。
9．句意：如果你能利用自己的能力帮助他人，你将变得强大而有用。根据“use your abilities”和“help”可知，此处指“帮助他人”，others“其他人”，代词作宾语。故填(o)thers。
10．句意：人们对美貌的描述可能不同，但对内在美的看法是相同的。根据上文“The inner beauty is the thing...”可知，此处指“人们对内在美的看法是相同的”；beauty“美丽”。故填(b)eauty。
11．a 12．knew 13．quickly 14．people’s 15．teacher 16．to make 17．once 18．him 19．earlier 20．However/Finally/Luckily
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者为实现成为医生的梦想而努力奋斗并最终达成的历程。
11．句意：“你长大以后要做什么？”这是大多数孩子常被问到的一个问题。根据“That’s... common question for most children.”可知，此处指一个常见的问题，common以辅音音素开头，空处应是a。故填a。
12．句意：我父亲非常了解我。根据“One day my cousin asked me that question... Before I said something,”可知，句子为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，故填knew。
13．句意：在我开口之前，我父亲很快回答道。根据“my father... answered”可知，空处应是副词quickly，修饰动词answered。故填quickly。
14．句意：那是因为除了拯救人们的生命，我从未想过要做任何其他事。根据“to save... lives”可知，空后是名词lives，空处应是所有格形式people’s。故填people’s。
15．句意：你可以成为一名医生、工程师或老师。根据“You can be a doctor, an engineer or a...”可知。空处应填单数名词。故填teacher。
16．句意：你只需要尽最大努力去实现它。try one’s best to do sth.“尽某人最大的努力去做某事”，是固定搭配，空处应是不定式to make。故填to make。
17．句意：我记得我爸爸每周给我打一次电话。根据“I remember my dad calling me... a week.”可知，此处应是表示一周打一次电话，once a week“一周一次”。故填once。
18．句意：我在图书馆学习结束后会给他回电话。call sb. back.“给某人回电话”，动词call后接宾格him。故填him。
19．句意：而且我每天比别人早起一小时学习。根据“an hour... than others”可知，空后是than，空处应是early的比较级形式earlier。故填earlier。
20．句意：然而/最终/幸运的是，经过多年的学习，我现在成为了一名医生。根据“It’s hard to be successful... after many years’ study, I become a doctor now.”可知，设空处前后存在转折关系，且空后是逗号，因此however符合语境。finally“最后”以及luckily“幸运的是”均符合语境。故填However/Finally/Luckily。
21．walked 22．to see 23．her 24．smiling 25．in 26．the 27．myself 28．but 29．better 30．gifts
【导语】本文通过讲述Jane面对脸上胎记依然乐观开朗的故事，启发我们积极看待生活中的不完美，学会感恩与自信。
21．句意：当她走进教室时，所有学生都很惊讶地看到她脸上有一个很大的红色胎记。根据“all the students were very surprised”可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。walk变为walked。故填walked。
22．句意：当她走进教室时，所有学生都很惊讶地看到她脸上有一个很大的红色胎记。根据“were very surprised”可知，surprised后常跟不定式作原因状语，表示“惊讶于做某事”。故此处用动词不定式to see。故填to see。
23．句意：尽管有些坏男孩嘲笑她，Jane根本不在乎。根据“laughed at”可知，其后应接宾格形式的代词。she的宾格是her。故填her。
24．句意：相反，她总是微笑。根据句中was作系动词，空格处作表语修饰主语she，需用形容词或现在分词形式表示持续状态。smile的现在分词smiling作形容词用。故填smiling。
25．句意：每当她照镜子时，她都能看到它。根据固定搭配“look in the mirror”表示“照镜子”，此处应填介词in。故填in。
26．句意：你不觉得这个胎记让你很奇怪吗？根据句中“... mark makes you strange”可知，此处指上文所说的胎记，应使用定冠词the。故填the。
27．句意：我总是告诉自己，我无法决定自己的样子，但我可以决定我想成为什么样的人。根据tell后接宾语，主语和宾语是同一人，空格处需用反身代词，主语I对应的反身代词是myself。故填myself。
28．句意：我总是告诉自己，我无法决定自己的长相，但我可以决定我想成为什么样的人。根据句中前后句存在转折关系，应使用连词but表示“但是”。故填but。
29．句意：那一刻，我比以前更了解这个世界。根据句中than before表示比较，空格处需用副词的比较级形式，well的比较级是better。故填better。
30．句意：如果从非常积极的角度看世界，一些坏事也会是很好的礼物。gift是可数名词，根据“ some bad things”可知对应的gift也要用复数，故填gifts。
31．In 32．height 33．less 34．have lost 35．haven’t reached 36．taking 37．care 38．to do 39．doesn’t matter 40．yourself
【导语】本文讲述了作者对于体重的看法，认为健康最重要，鼓励女孩们做自己，不要过于在意体重。
31．句意：事实上，我的体重是57公斤，身高是164厘米。根据“fact”可知，此处考查固定短语“in fact”，意为“事实上”，且句首首字母要大写。故填In。
32．句意：事实上，我的体重是57公斤，身高是164厘米。根据“my”可知，此处需要一个名词作主语，“high”的名词形式是“height”，表示“身高”。故填height。
33．句意：但是很多人认为像我这样身高的女孩体重应该低于50公斤。根据“than”可知，此处需要用比较级形式，“little”的比较级是“less”，表示“更少”。故填less。
34．句意：我的一个朋友说：“我已经减了5公斤，但我还是觉得自己有点胖。”根据“already”可知，此处表示已经完成的动作，用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用“have”，“lose”的过去分词是“lost”。故填have lost。
35．句意：我还没有达到我的目标体重。根据“yet”可知，此处表示还没有完成的动作，用现在完成时的否定形式，其结构为“have/has not+过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，助动词用“have”，“reach”的过去分词是“reached”。故填haven’t reached。
36．句意：她正试图通过不同的方式减肥，比如吃药和锻炼。根据“by”可知，此处考查介词后接动名词作宾语的用法，“take”的动名词形式是“taking”。故填taking。
37．句意：在我看来，我们也要关心我们的健康。根据“have to”可知，此处考查固定短语“have to do sth.”，意为“不得不做某事”，所以此处用动词原形“care”，表示“关心”。故填care。
38．句意：减肥是一个漫长的过程，作为一名学生，你可能没有足够的时间去做这件事。根据“have enough time”可知，此处考查固定短语“have enough time to do sth.”，意为“有足够的时间做某事”，所以此处用动词不定式“to do”。故填to do。
39．句意：我想告诉所有的女孩，她们都很漂亮，体重多少并不重要。根据“it”可知，此处考查“it doesn’t matter”这一固定句型，意为“没关系，不重要”，且句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，助动词用“doesn’t”。故填doesn’t matter。
40．句意：做你自己。根据“be”可知，此处考查固定短语“be oneself”，意为“做自己”，所以此处用反身代词“yourself”，表示“你自己”。故填yourself。
41．(b)eginning 42．(b)orn 43．(y)oung 44．(r)eading 45．(t)imes 46．(s)tudying 47．(t)rue 48．(a)fter 49．(w)ay 50．(m)eaningful
【导语】本文介绍了博士论文作者黄国平的经历，他出身山区，早年生活艰难，但心怀信念坚持学习，最终走出山区，还表达了希望保持年轻心态、以新方式认识世界并做有意义之事改善他人生活的愿望。
41．句意：作者黄国平在他论文的开头写道。根据“at the...of his thesis”可知，“at the beginning of...”表示“在……的开头”，符合“在论文开头书写内容”的语境，故填(b)eginning。
42．句意：在论文中，他说自己出生在山区，12 岁时母亲离家。根据“he was...in a mountainous area”可知，此处说明出生地，“be born in...”是固定短语，意为“出生于……”，符合语境，故填(b)orn。
43．句意：他年轻时生活很艰难，晚上最愉快的事就是在煤油灯下做作业或读书。根据“He had a hard life when he was...”可知，此处指年轻时很困难，“young”表示“年轻的”，此处指“早年、年轻时”，符合“描述过去生活状态”的语境，故填(y)oung。
44．句意：他年轻时生活很艰难，晚上最愉快的事就是在煤油灯下做作业或读书。根据“doing homework or...books”可知，“read books”是常用搭配，意为“读书”；and 连接并列成分，前面为“doing homework”，此处需用动名词形式“reading”，符合“并列列举晚间活动”的语境，故填(r)eading。
45．句意：他记不清有多少次想要放弃，但心中有一个信念，就是坚持学习，走出山区。根据“how many t 5 he wanted to give up”可知，此处指很多次想放弃，“how many”后接可数名词复数，“time”表示“次数”时为可数名词，其复数形式为“times”，故填(t)imes。
46．句意：他记不清有多少次想要放弃，但心中有一个信念，就是坚持学习，走出山区。根据“keep...and get out of the mountainous area”可知，“keep doing sth.”是固定用法，意为“持续做某事”；结合语境，此处指“坚持学习”，“study”的动名词形式为“studying”，故填(s)tudying。
47．句意：最终，他的梦想实现了。根据“his dream did come...”可知，“come true”是固定短语，意为“实现”，符合“描述梦想达成”的语境，故填(t)rue。
48．句意：我希望在奋斗这么多年后，还能保持一颗年轻的心。根据“keep a young heart...fighting for so many years”可知，“after”表示“在……之后”，此处指“经过多年奋斗之后”，符合“表达时间关系”的语境，故填(a)fter。
49．句意：我希望能以一种新的方式去了解世界。根据“in a new...”可知，“in a...way”是常用搭配，意为“以……方式”，符合“表达认识世界的方式”的语境，故填(w)ay。
50．句意：我认为对我来说，做一些能让别人生活更美好的事是有意义的。根据“it is...for me to do something to make other people’s life better”可知，“It is + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，“meaningful”表示“有意义的”，符合“表达做某事的价值”的语境，故填(m)eaningful。
51．an 52．them 53．what 54．stood 55．second 56．to 57．comfortably 58．have become 59．activities 60．thankful
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了害羞的作者通过参加志愿活动逐渐变得外向的故事。
51．句意：有一次，我被要求成为一名志愿者，加入一个小组，为一个活动做准备。根据“prepare for...activity”可知，activity为元音音素开头的单数名词，且是首次出现，此处需要不定冠词“an”。故填an。
52．句意：为了加入他们，我鼓起勇气走到他们面前。空前有动词join，they变为人称代词的宾格形式“them”，作join的宾语。故填them。
53．句意：然后我问他们我能为他们做些什么。根据“I asked...I could do”可推知，作者问能为他们做些什么，what“什么”，引导宾语从句，符合语境。故填what。
54．句意：意识到自己被拒绝了，我尴尬地站在那里。根据“Realizing I was refused”可知，此处为一般过去时，stand的过去式为stood。故填stood。
55．句意：当我第二次去他们那里时，一个志愿者看到了我。根据定冠词the和空后的名词单数“time”可知，此处表示“第二次”，基数词two变为序数词“second”。故填second。
56．句意：当我在工作的时候，志愿者把他的同学介绍给我。根据“introduced his classmates...me.”可知，此处为动词短语“introduce...to...”，意为“向……介绍……”。故填to。
57．句意：在他热情的帮助下，我不那么紧张了，开始和他们轻松地交谈。根据“and started talking with them”可知，形容词comfortable应变为副词“comfortably”，意为“舒服地”，修饰动词talking。故填comfortably。
58．句意：从那以后，我变得更外向了。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处为现在完成时，谓语结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语为I，应用have，become的过去分词为become。故填have become。
59．句意：我喜欢参加活动和交朋友。activity为可数名词，空前无限定词，应用复数形式activities。故填activities。
60．句意：我很感谢那个志愿者。am为系动词，所以此空填形容词作表语，thank的形容词为“thankful”，意为“感激的”，符合语境。故填thankful。
61．height 62．the 63．at 64．and 65．grew 66．himself 67．first 68．hard 69．have changed 70．has been
【导语】本文讲述了作者因身高问题感到困扰，祖父通过讲述自己的人生经历鼓励作者要挺直腰板、自信做人的故事。
61．句意：对我来说，身高是我的困扰。空处作主语，填名词。high“高的”，形容词，名词形式是height“身高”，不可数名词。故填height。
62．句意：作为班里最高的学生，我总是感到不安。根据“of my class”可知，此处指班级里最高的。形容词最高级“tallest”前需用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
63．句意：我的祖父没有嘲笑我。根据“laugh”和“Instead, whenever I tried to bend myself in order to appear shorter, he would say, ‘Stand straight…’”可知，此处指嘲笑。laugh at是固定搭配，意为“嘲笑”。故填at。
64．句意：相反，每当我试图弯腰让自己显得更矮时，他就会说：“站直且站高，艾丽莎。”形容词“straight”和“tall”是并列关系，用表示并列关系的连词and连接。故填and。
65．句意：祖父在受到战争破坏的国家长大。根据“After the war, he went to”可知，此句时态为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语。grow“成长”，动词，过去式为grew。故填grew。
66．句意：他常提醒自己：“挺直腰板，站高些。”根据“he often reminded”可知，空处作宾语，且与主语指代同一个人，用反身代词。he“他”，宾格，反身代词为himself。故填himself。
67．句意：他曾经告诉我，起初他非常紧张。根据“he was very nervous at”可知，找到工作后的第一反应是紧张。at first是固定短语，意为“起初”。故填first。
68．句意：他不仅努力学习这份艰难的新工作，还努力学习一门新语言。空处修饰名词“job”，填形容词作定语。hard“艰难的”，形容词。故填hard。
69．句意：自从我听了祖父不寻常的经历，我改变了自己。此句为“Since”引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响，结构为have/has done。主语为“I”，助动词用have；change“改变”，动词，过去分词为changed。故填have changed。
70．句意：多年来，“挺直腰板，站高些”一直是改善我姿势的建议。根据“for many years”可知，此句用现在完成时，结构为have/has done。主语为一句话，助动词用has；be“是”，动词，过去分词为been。故填has been。
71．have been 72．hasn’t invited 73．a 74．haven’t found 75．refused 76．expecting 77．experience 78．or 79．pass 80．stranger
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，包含两封信件。第一封是Lost Girl写给Sue的求助信，讲述她和好朋友之间出现问题，向Sue寻求帮助；第二封是Sue给Lost Girl的回信，给出了一些解决朋友间问题的建议。
71．句意：我们成为朋友已经五年了。根据“for five years”可知，此处强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时，结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“We”是复数，所以用“have been”。故填have been。
72．句意：但是自从上周五以来，她就没有邀请我和她一起去。根据“ever since last Friday”可知，此处表示从上周五到现在一直没邀请，用现在完成时，结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，主语“she”是第三人称单数，否定形式用“hasn’t”，动词“invite”的过去分词是“invited”。故填hasn’t invited。
73．句意：我考虑了所有让她和我在一起感到头疼的事情，但我还没有找出原因。“have a headache”是固定短语，意为“头疼”，所以此处用不定冠词“a”。故填a。
74．句意：我考虑了所有让她和我在一起感到头疼的事情，但我还没有找出原因。根据“yet”可知，此处表示到现在还没有找到原因，用现在完成时的否定形式“haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词”，主语“I”是第一人称，所以用“haven’t”，动词“find”的过去分词是“found”。故填haven’t found。
75．句意：我试着和她交流，但她拒绝回答。根据“tried”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“refuse”的过去式是“refused”。故填refused。
76．句意：我的心碎了，我期待你能帮助我。根据“My heart is broken and I’m...”可知，此处表示现在正在期待，用现在进行时，结构是“be + 现在分词”，“expect”的现在分词是“expecting”。故填expecting。
77．句意：许多人都有过这种经历。根据“this”可知，此处表示单数概念，“experience”作“经历”讲时，是可数名词，所以用单数形式。故填experience。
78．句意：试着给你的朋友写信，或者你可以向另一个朋友寻求帮助。根据“Try writing to your friend...you can ask another friend for help.”可知，前后是选择关系，用连词“or”表示“或者”。故填or。
79．句意：当你在学校经过她身边时，向她问好，但不要把她当作陌生人。根据“when you...her at school”可知，此处描述的是经常发生的动作，用一般现在时，主语“you”是第二人称，动词用原形“pass”。故填pass。
80．句意：当你在学校经过她身边时，向她问好，但不要把她当作陌生人。根据“a”可知，此处表示单数概念，“strange”的名词形式是“stranger”，意为“陌生人”。故填stranger。
81．peaceful 82．thinking 83．a 84．cities 85．are 86．friendly 87．making 88．suggest 89．Or 90．than
【导语】本文主要讲述了如何通过友善沟通和相互理解来建立和谐的邻里关系。
81．句意：为了追求和平的生活，你应该努力与周围的人建立良好关系。括号内给出名词peace，此处需要形容词形式peaceful作定语。故填peaceful。
82．句意：社区里的人可能有不同的生活方式和思维方式。and连接并列成分，前面living是动名词，此处thinking也需用动名词形式。故填thinking。
83．句意：如果每个人都有相同的想法，世界将会是一个无聊的地方。此处泛指“一个”地方，且boring以辅音音素开头。故填a。
84．句意：如今在许多城市，人们下班后通常锁上门，很少见到邻居。many后接可数名词复数形式。故填cities。
85．句意：社交互动常常被局限于街上的一声“嗨”。主语interactions是复数，且描述客观事实用一般现在时。故填are。
86．句意：如果发生这种情况，用友好的方式讨论问题。此处需要形容词作定语修饰way。故填friendly。
87．句意：这让你可以表达想法而不会破坏你们的关系。without是介词，后接动名词making。故填making。
88．句意：你应该礼貌地建议他们调低音量吗？情态动词should后接动词原形。故填suggest。
89．句意：还是你应该对他们大喊大叫？此处是选择疑问句，用or连接。故填Or。
90．句意：毕竟，好邻居胜过远亲。根据句意此处是比较级，表示“比…更好”。故填than。
91．rainy 92．quietly 93．working 94．his 95．the 96．rivers 97．to find 98．When 99．broke 100．between
【导语】本文讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期的友谊故事。
91．句意：在一个下雨天，著名的古琴演奏家伯牙静静地坐在河边。由“day”可知，此处应用所给词的形容词形式rainy，修饰名词“day”。故填rainy。
92．句意：在一个下雨天，著名的古琴演奏家伯牙静静地坐在河边。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式quietly，修饰动词“sitting”。故填quietly。
93．句意：突然，他看见一个叫钟子期的樵夫正在努力工作。see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，是固定搭配，用working。故填working。
94．句意：伯牙热情地邀请他听音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处应用所给词的形容词性物主代词his，修饰“music”。故填his。
95．句意：当伯牙弹奏古琴，想象高山时，钟子期看到泰山直冲云霄。根据“reaching into…sky”的语境可知，此处泰山直冲云霄，此处表示特指，用the。故填the。
96．句意：你的音乐听起来像奔流的河流！river“河”，可数名词，此处应用复数形式，表示泛指。故填rivers。
97．句意：他们兴奋地发现他们彼此很了解。be excited to do sth.“对做某事感到兴奋”，是固定搭配，用to find。故填to find。
98．句意：当伯牙去拜访他朋友的坟墓时，他非常难过，把古琴摔成了两半。根据“…Boya visited his friend’s tomb (坟墓), he was so sad that he…his guqin in half.”的语境可知，此处指当伯牙去拜访朋友的坟墓时所发生的事情，when符合，句首首字母大写。故填When。
99．句意：伯牙去拜访他朋友的坟墓时，他非常难过，把古琴摔成了两半。句子时态为一般过去时，用broke。故填broke。
100．句意：这个故事流传千古，不仅是伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊，也是伟大联系的象征。根据“the deep friendship…Boya and Zhong Ziqi”的语境可知，此处指伯牙和钟子期之间深厚的友谊，应用“between… and”结构。故填between。
101．to wait 102．angrily 103．my 104．offered 105．were 106．it 107．with 108．but 109．Showing 110．kindness
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了店主马丽与一位外卖员之间的暖心故事，展现了人与人之间的理解与善意。
101．句意：在一个凉爽的早晨，店主马丽收到了一份线上订单，但她花了一个小时等待外卖员。表示“花时间做某事”用“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”结构。故填to wait。
102．句意：当外卖员到来时，马丽生气地问道：“怎么回事？”分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词“asked”，需用副词形式angrily“生气地”。故填angrily。
103．句意：“外面太冷了，我的摩托车坏了。”外卖员说道。分析句子结构，设空处修饰名词“motorbike”，需用形容词性物主代词my“我的”。故填my。
104．句意：听到他的话，她的怒气消了，并给了他一杯热水。此处动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故填offered。
105．句意：那时，马丽注意到外卖员的脸和手因长时间户外工作而冻得青紫。主语“face and hands”是复数，且描述过去状态，be动词用were。故填were。
106．句意：交谈中，马丽得知外卖员想给女儿买生日蛋糕，但他觉得蛋糕太贵了。分析句子结构，此处指代前文提到的生日蛋糕，用“it”作主语。故填it。
107．句意：外卖员离开后，马丽在微信朋友圈与朋友分享了刚才的事。短语“share sth. with sb.”表示“与某人分享某事”。故填with。
108．句意：生活比我们想象的艰难，但我们都没有放弃！前后为转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
109．句意：为辛勤工作的人点赞，对外卖员表示理解是必要的。设空处作主语，需用动名词形式。故填Showing。
110．句意：当他们见面时，马丽向他表达了人们的善意，并送了他一个蛋糕作为女儿的生日礼物。设空处作宾语，需用名词形式kindness“善良”，不可数名词。故填kindness。
111．helpful 112．thought 113．with 114．an 115．opinions 116．them 117．come 118．certainly 119．but 120．to get
【导语】本文介绍了如何和父母相处得好的一些建议。
111．句意：如果你面临这样的问题, 我现在所说的可能会对你有所帮助。根据be及语境可知空处用形容词，help的形容词形式helpful意为“有帮助的”, 符合语境。故填helpful。
112．句意：你有没有想过和父母谈谈，找出你们相处不好的原因？根据“Have you ever”可知，句子的时态用现在完成时，think的过去分词为thought。故填thought。
113．句意：当我还是个青少年的时候, 我也和父母相处得不好。根据“get on well”可知，用介词well，构成短语get on well with sb，意为“和某人相处得好”。故填with。
114．句意：我很抱歉我有过这样的经历。根据“I am sorry that I had such”可知，空处用不定冠词,experience在这里是“经历”的意思，为可数名词单数，且发音以元音音素开头, 故填 an。
115．句意：当然,，我们有不同的意见，但我鼓励他们公开且诚实地与我沟通。根据“we have different”和所给单词opinion可知，opinion意为“观点；意见”，作可数名词，结合different可知用复数形式opinions。故填opinions。
116．句意：当然，我们有不同的意见，但我鼓励他们公开且诚实地与我沟通。动词encourage后加they的宾格形式them。故填them。
117．句意：到目前为止，他们都很信任我，有任何事都来找我。结合So far和have trusted可知此处用现在完成时，为避免重复，此处省略助动词have，因此用come的过去分词come。故填come。
118．句意：和父母吵架肯定会让他们生气, 你也不会感觉很好。根据“Arguing with your parents will... make them angry”可知，此处用certain的副词形式certainly修饰动词 make，意为“肯定”。故填certainly。
119．句意：例如，你可能希望将来成为一名艺术家，但你的父母希望你做其他事情。根据“you may want to be an artist in the future,...your parents want you to do something else.”可知，此处表示转折关系, 所以用but。故填but。
120．句意：尽量与父母和睦相处。try one’s best to do sth.意为"尽某人全力做某事”，为固定搭配，故填to get。
121．(w)hom 122．(d)irect 123．(i)mpolite 124．(l)onger 125．(t)han 126．(r)equest 127．(t)rouble 128．(d)ifficult 129．(i)mportant 130．(l)anguage
【导语】本文讲述了好的说话者会根据不同的情况选用合适的语言和别人交流。
121．句意：他们使用的表达方式可能取决于他们在和谁说话，或者他们对彼此的了解程度。结合首字母和句中“they are speaking to”可知，此句是说使用的表达方式可能取决于他们在和谁说话。此处需要作介词“to”的宾语，应用whom，意为“谁”。故填(w)hom。
122．句意：你可以直接问同学问题，因为你很了解他们。结合首字母和句中“because you know them well”可知，此句是说可以直接问同学问题。“question”为名词，用形容词direct修饰，意为“直接的”。故填(d)irect。
123．句意：然而，如果你对老师说:“学校旅行是什么时候？”，这可能听起来不礼貌。结合首字母和句中“However, if you say to your teacher, ‘When is the school trip ’”可知，此句是说这样问老师不礼貌。impolite“不礼貌的”，形容词。故填(i)mpolite。
124．句意：礼貌的问题通常比较长。结合首字母和句中“They include expressions such as ‘Could you please... ’ or ‘May I ask… ’”可知，有礼貌的表达句子通常比较长。longer“更长的”，形容词。故填(l)onger。
125．句意：“彼得，你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？”听起来更有礼貌，而不是“彼得，告诉我你的电子邮件地址。”结合首字母和句中“It sounds more polite to say”可知，此句是说“彼得，你能告诉我你的电子邮件地址吗？”比“彼得，告诉我你的电子邮件地址。”更有礼貌。than“比”，常用于比较级中。故填(t)han。
126．句意：有时我们甚至需要花时间来提出一个请求。结合首字母和句中“For example, we might first say to a stranger, ‘Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me’ or ‘I’m sorry to...you, but...’ before asking for help.”可知，此句是说提出一个请求前，我们需要花些时间去表达。request“请求，需求”，名词。故填(r)equest。
127．句意：例如，我们可能首先对陌生人说，“对不起，我想知道你能不能帮助我”或“我很抱歉打扰你，但是……”，然后再寻求帮助。结合首字母和句中“before asking for help”可知，此句是说有事要麻烦对方。此处用动词trouble，意为“使麻烦”，故填(t)rouble。
128．句意：礼貌地说话似乎比直接说话更难。结合首字母和句中“to speak politely than directly”可知，此句是说礼貌地说话似乎比直接说话更难。difficult“困难的”，形容词。故填(d)ifficult。
129．句意：然而，学习如何在不同的情况下使用正确的语言是很重要的。结合首字母和句中“to learn how to use”可知，此句是说学习正确使用某种东西是重要的。important“重要的”，形容词。故填(i)mportant。
130．句意：然而，学习如何在不同的情况下使用正确的语言是很重要的。结合首字母和句中“This will help you communicate better with other people.”可知，此句说的是使用正确的语言交流。language“语言”，故填(l)anguage。
131．(u)nhappy 132．(n)othing 133．(h)ome 134．(v)isited 135．(e)ither 136．(w)orking 137．(s)mile 138．(h)ard 139．(w)ithout 140．(h)appiest
【导语】本文是一篇寓言故事，主要讲述了英格兰一位富有但感到不快乐的富人寻找快乐的过程。
131．句意：他有很多钱，但他一直感到不快乐。结合本句“He had a lot of money, but he felt …all the time.”及首字母提示可知，他虽然有很多钱，但他依然不开心。故填(u)nhappy。
132．句意：老人看了他一眼，摇了摇头，什么也没说。结合“The old man had a look at him, shook his head and said …”及首字母提示可知，这个老人看了看他，摇了摇头，啥也没说。故填(n)othing。
133．句意：最后，这个富人离开家去寻找幸福。结合上文所述和本句“Finally, the rich man left …to look for happiness.”以及首字母提示可知，这个富人在没有得到有关幸福的答案后，最终决定离开家去寻找幸福。故填(h)ome。
134．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。根据横线后的“many places”及首字母提示可知，横线处应表达游览，又本文时态为一般过去时，因此需填动词原形visit的过去式visited。故填(v)isited。
135．句意：他游览了很多地方，遇到了很多有钱人，但他们都说自己也不开心。结合该否定句“but all of them said they were not happy …”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达他们所有人也不开心。故填(e)ither。
136．句意：在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里干活。结合“On his way home, the rich man saw a farmer …in the fields.”及首字母提示可知，此处要表达在回家的路上，这个富人看到一个农民在田里工作的那一瞬间。因此用“see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事”这一句型。故填(w)orking。
137．句意：农夫笑着回答说：“这很容易。”结合后文“That’s very easy.”及首字母提示可知，这位农民认为找到幸福对他来说很简单，因此才会笑着说。故填(s)mile。
138．句意：“如果你努力工作，一天能吃上三顿饭且无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合分析句子结构以及首字母提示可知，此处需填副词hard以修饰动词“work”从而表达努力工作。故填(h)ard。
139．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合并列连词前的“have three meals a day”及首字母提示可知，此空需填without以表达和一天能吃上三顿饭这样同等美好的无忧无虑的早睡。故填(w)ithout。
140．句意：“如果你努力工作，一日三餐，无忧无虑地早睡，你将是世界上最幸福的人。”结合横线前后的定冠词“the”和“in the world”以及首字母提示可知，此空需填happy的最高级形式happiest以表达你将是世界上最幸福的人。故填(h)appiest。
141．(h)igh 142．(I)f 143．(s)hocked 144．(k)idding 145．(f)ollow 146．(a)gree 147．(a)lthough 148．(k)eep 149．(e)nd 150．(p)ossible
【导语】本文主要讲述了愚公移山的故事，通过故事告诉我们：凡事不尝试去实现它，永远都无法知道什么是可能的。
141．句意：他和他的家人住在一个村子里，他家附近有两座又大又高的山。根据“there were two big and h…mountains near his house.”和首字母提示可知，这里表示一座又大又高的山，high意为“高的”，形容词，修饰其后名词。故填(h)igh。
142．句意：如果他们想要到达山的另一边，他们需要花很长时间。根据“I…they wanted to get to the other side, they needed to spend a long time.”和首字母提示可知，此处使用if，意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句。故(I)f。
143．句意：听到这个，他的家人都惊呆了。根据“One day, Yu Gong told his family that they must move the mountains to the other places.”和首字母提示可知，愚公告诉家人必须把山搬到其他地方是件令人震惊的事。shocked意为“震惊的”，形容词作表语。故(s)hocked。
144．句意：他的一个儿子说：“你在开玩笑吗？”根据“No, I’m serious and all of you must f…me.”和首字母提示可知，家人认为他在开玩笑，kid意为“开玩笑”，are后跟动词的现在分词，构成现在进行时。故(k)idding。
145．句意：不，我是认真的，你们都必须听我的。根据“No, I’m serious”和首字母提示可知，愚公要求家人必须听他的。follow意为“听从”，must为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故(f)ollow。
146．句意：每个人都不得不同意他的观点，因为当时家里最年长的人是最重要的人。根据“because the oldest man in the family was the most important person at that time.”和首字母提示可知，家里人都不得不同意他的观点，agree意为“同意”，have to后接动词原形。故(a)gree。
147．句意：但愚公说，虽然他很虚弱，快要死了，但他的家人可以继续移山。根据“But Yu Gong said a… he was weak and would die, his family could k… moving the mountains.”和首字母提示可知，虽然他很虚弱但是会继续移山。前后两句存在让步关系，although意为“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。故(a)lthough。
148．句意：但愚公说，虽然他很虚弱，快要死了，但他的家人可以继续移山。根据“But Yu Gong said a… he was weak and would die, his family could k… moving the mountains.”和首字母提示可知，虽然他很虚弱但是会继续移山。keep意为“继续”，could为情态动词，后跟动词原形。故(k)eep。
149．句意：最后，玉帝被愚公感动了，他派了两个神来帮助愚公移山。根据“a god was moved by Yu Gong”可知，此处使用in the end表示“最后”，介词短语。故(e)nd。
150．句意：这个故事告诉我们，除非你努力让它发生，否则你永远不会知道什么是可能的。根据“what’s p… unless you try to make it happen.”和首字母提示，只有努力让事情发生，才会知道什么是可能的。possible意为“可能的”，形容词作表语。故(p)ossible。
151．(m)ade 152．(b)ecause 153．(c)ome 154．(h)igher 155．(a)ir 156．(s)olve 157．(p)assengers 158．(m)ain 159．(b)etween 160．(a)lways
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了飞机的发展历程，从最初的材料、结构改进，到空气动力学的发展，再到现代喷气式飞机的出现，以及未来飞机的发展方向。
151．句意：飞机曾经是由木材和其他材料制成的。根据“Planes were once ... of wood and other materials (材料)”及首字母可知，这里表示飞机曾经是由木材和其他材料制成的。“be made of”是固定短语，表示“由……制成” 。这里是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为 “was/were+过去分词”。故填(m)ade。
152．句意：飞机在结构上得到改进，因为它们必须能够运载重物。根据“Planes improved in structure (结构) ... they had to be able to carry heavy things.”可知，前后句是因果关系，“because”引导原因状语从句，说明飞机结构改进的原因。故填(b)ecause。
153．句意：工程师们使这成为现实。根据“And engineers made this ... true.”及首字母可知，这里表示工程师们使这成为现实。“come true”是固定短语，表示“实现”，“make e true”表示“使某事成为现实”。故填(c)ome。
154．句意：飞机有可能变得更大，飞得更快、更远、更高。根据“It was possible for planes to be bigger and fly faster, farther and ... ”及首字母可知，这里表示飞机有可能变得更大，飞得更快、更远、更高。根据前面的“faster, farther”可知这里要用副词比较级，“high”的比较级是“higher”，表示“更高”。故填 (h)igher。
155．句意：随着飞机飞得更高，飞行员和乘客在稀薄的空气中呼吸会更加困难。根据“As planes flew higher, pilots and passengers would have more difficulty in breathing in the thin ...”及首字母可知，这里表示飞行员和乘客在稀薄的空气中呼吸会更加困难。根据语境和常识，高空的“空气”是“air”，是不可数名词。故填(a)ir。
156．句意：为了解决这个问题，发明了加压舱。根据“The pressurized cabins (加压舱) were invented in order to ... this problem.”及首字母可知，这里表示为了解决这个问题。“in order to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“为了做某事”，“solve”表示“解决”。故填(s)olve。
157． 句意：它可以搭载21名乘客，并且飞行平稳。根据“It could pick up 21 ... and could fly smoothly.”及首字母可知，这里表示它可以搭载21名乘客。“passenger”是“乘客”的意思，可数名词，前面有“21”修饰，要用复数形式“passengers”。故填(p)assengers。
158．句意：它很快成为世界主要航空公司的主要运输飞机。根据“It soon became the ... transport plane ...”及首字母可知，这里表示它很快成为世界主要航空公司的主要运输飞机。“main”是形容词，修饰名词“transport plane”，表示“主要的”。故填(m)ain。
159． 句意：1958年，泛美世界航空公司使用美国波音707喷气式飞机，开通了纽约市和巴黎之间的首条喷气式航班服务。根据“In 1958, ... New York City and Paris using the American Boeing 707 jet.”可知，这里表示开通了纽约市和巴黎之间的首条喷气式航班服务。“between...and...”是固定搭配，表示 “在……和……之间”。故填(b)etween。
160． 句意：但人们的需求总是在变化。根据“But people’s needs are ... changing.”及首字母可知，这里表示人们的需求总是在变化。“always”是副词，修饰动词“changing”，表示“总是”。故填(a)lways。
161．earliest 162．is called 163．but 164．to represent 165．slowly 166．as 167．a 168．their 169．numbers 170．common
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了古代不同计数方法的发展历程，包括“计数棒”、印度数字系统、阿拉伯数字和罗马数字的演变。
161．句意：最早的一种被称为“计数棒”。根据“one of the”可知，此处需用最高级，early的最高级是earliest。故填earliest。
162．句意：这被称为“一一对应”。主语“This”与动词“call”之间是被动关系，且全文为一般现在时。故填is called。
163．句意：计数棒容易理解，但记录大数字可能耗时很久。前后句为转折关系。故填but。
164．句意：人们开始用抽象符号来代表不同数字，而不再使用计数棒。不定式表目的。故填to represent。
165．句意：研究人员并不确切知道这个过程是如何发生的，但有些人认为，在数世纪的过程中，这些木棍逐渐演变成了符号。修饰动词需用副词形式。故填slowly。
166．句意：如今它们被称为阿拉伯数字。“be known as”是固定搭配，意为“被称为”。故填as。
167．句意：古罗马人用另一种方式书写数字。“different way”为单数可数名词，且different是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
168．句意：他们使用自己字母表中的字母。alphabet为名词，前面需用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
169．句意：罗马数字曾是欧洲最常见的数字书写方式。泛指“数字”需用复数。故填numbers。
170．句意：但罗马数字不如阿拉伯数字常用，可能是因为它们使用起来太困难了。are后接形容词作表语，as…as结构中用形容词原级。故填common。
171．to design 172．to use 173．to help 174．to make 175．working 176．to forget 177．thinking
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了吉姆加入发明俱乐部后，设计一个简单书挡的经历以及他对下一个发明的期待。
171．句意：想了一会儿后，我选择设计一个简单的书挡。根据“After thinking for a while, I chose...a simple bookend ” 以及固定搭配“choose to do sth.（选择做某事）”可知，此处需要用动词不定式形式。故填to design。
172．句意：为了制作它，我学习使用一些基本工具。根据“To make it, I learned...some basic tools.” 以及固定搭配“learn to do sth.（学习做某事）”可知，此处要用动词不定式形式。故填to use。
173．句意：俱乐部老师史密斯先生主动提出帮助我改进我的发明。根据“Mr Smith, the club teacher, offered...me improve my invention.” 以及固定搭配“offer to do sth.（主动提出做某事）”可知，这里应使用动词不定式形式。故填to help。
174．句意：当我开始工作时，我尽我最大的努力使这个书挡尽可能坚固。根据“When I started working, I tried my best...make the bookend as strong as possible.”以及固定搭配“try one's best to do sth.（尽某人最大努力做某事）”可知，此处需用动词不定式形式。故填to make。
175．句意：但我继续做这个书挡，慢慢地，它开始成形了。根据“But I kept...on the bookend, and slowly, it started to take shape.”以及固定搭配“keep doing sth.（继续做某事，一直做某事）”可知，这里要用动名词形式。故填working。
176．句意：在制作书挡的时候，我总是提醒自己不要忘记重要的步骤。ask sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”，此处用动词不定式形式。故填to forget。
177．句意：现在，我一直在思考我的下一个发明。根据“Now, I keep...about my next invention.” 以及固定搭配“keep doing sth.（一直做某事，持续做某事）”可知，这里要用动名词形式。故填thinking。
178．called 179．first 180．dangerous 181．success 182．widely 183．made 184．to see 185．of 186．breaking 187．anything
【导语】本文主要介绍了Dennis Hong和他的学生们设计的类人机器人，包括各种用途的机器人，并分享了他对失败和创新的看法。
178．句意：Dennis Hong和他的学生们设计了类人机器人，其中包括一个名为Project YORI的烹饪机器人。根据“a cooking robot...Project YORI”可知，此处指被叫做Project YORI的烹饪机器人，应用过去分词called作后置定语。故填called。
179．句意：还有DAVID，世界上第一辆也是唯一一辆可以由盲人驾驶的汽车。根据“the world’s...and only car”可知，此处指世界上第一辆也是唯一一辆可以由盲人驾驶的汽车，应用序数词first表示“第一”。故填first。
180．句意：还有SAFFiR，一个可以做危险工作的两条腿的机器人。根据“work”可知，此处应用形容词dangerous修饰名词work，表示“危险的工作”。故填dangerous。
181．句意：当他被问及自己最大的成功时。根据“his biggest...”可知，此处应用名词success表示“成功”，为不可数名词。故填success。
182．句意：他认为这是用于研究和教育的应用最广泛的类人机器人之一。根据“used”可知，此处应用副词widely修饰动词used，表示“广泛地应用”。故填widely。
183．句意：Hong的团队免费公开了DARwIn的设计，供任何人使用。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式made。故填made。
184．句意：许多人只想看到我们的成功，而不是之前的失败。根据“want”可知，此处考查固定短语want to do sth.，表示“想要做某事”，应用动词不定式to see作宾语。故填to see。
185．句意：如果你太害怕失败，那么你只能走在更安全的一边，然后就没有创新。根据“afraid...failure”可知，此处考查固定短语be afraid of sth.，表示“害怕某事”，应用介词of。故填of。
186．句意：我告诉我的学生试着弄坏机器人。根据“try”可知，此处考查固定短语try doing sth.，表示“尝试做某事”，应用动名词breaking作宾语。故填breaking。
187．句意：如果机器人不倒下也不坏，我们就什么也学不到。根据“If the robot doesn’t fall and doesn’t break”可知，此处表示否定意义，应用anything表示“任何东西”，用于否定句或疑问句中。故填anything。
188．inventors 189．to get 190．a 191．it 192．successfully 193．for 194．that 195．studying 196．mother’s 197．longest
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了发明家托马斯·爱迪生的生平，包括他的发明、制作灯泡的过程、短暂的上学经历、在母亲帮助下学习的情况等。
188．句意：美国的托马斯·爱迪生（1847—1931）是世界上最伟大的发明家之一。根据“He made over 2000 inventions in his life”可知，他一生有2000多项发明，由此可判断他是发明家。“invent”是动词，意为“发明”，其名词形式“inventor”表示“发明家”，“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构，需用“inventor”的复数形式“inventors”。故填inventors。
189．句意：为了获得适合灯泡的灯丝，他尝试了1600多种不同的材料。根据“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生花了很长时间制作灯泡，尝试不同材料的目的就是得到合适的灯丝。此处用动词不定式表目的，“get”意为“获得，得到”，其不定式形式“to get”符合语境。故填to get。
190．句意：他用了像一个男人胡须上的毛发之类的东西。文章此处只是泛指“一个男人的胡须”，并非特指某个人，所以用不定冠词。“man”是以辅音音素开头的单词，不定冠词需用“a”。故填a。
191．句意：有些人认为他做不出来（灯泡）。根据前文“The most famous one was the light bulb”以及“Thomas Edison spent a long time making the light bulb”可知，爱迪生一直在努力制作灯泡，此处“有些人认为他做不出来”中的“做不出来”指的就是做不出前文提到的“灯泡”，为避免重复，用代词“it”指代“the light bulb”。故填it。
192．句意：然而，最终他成功地制作出了第一个实用的灯泡。根据后文内容可知，爱迪生确实做出了灯泡，此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“made”，表示“成功地制作”。“success”是名词，意为“成功”，其副词形式“successfully”表示“成功地”，符合语境。故填successfully。
193．句意：爱迪生只上了三个月学。根据“only three months”可知，此处是表示一段时间，“for + 时间段”是常用搭
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