2026届高考英语二轮复习：长难句分析 课件(共12张PPT)

(共12张PPT)
长难句分析
方法与练习
长难句分析方法：
先找再减
先找：1. 一找and(指连接两个简单句的and), but, so, or
目的
看这个长句里有没有并列句
2. 再找that或what(指从句连接词)
目的
看这个长句里有没有主从复合句
3. 三找谓语动词(根据谓语动词确定简单句基本结构)
先找再减
再减：1. 减介词短语（用括号括住）
2. 减非谓语短语（用括号括住）
3. 减从句 （用括号括住）
目的
厘清句子主干成分（减去介词短语，非谓语短语和从句后剩余的部分即为句子主干）
Let’s practice
[2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇] These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens, and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know：Are they usable
[2024新课标I卷阅读理解D篇] These observations now outnumber the primary data (that comes from physical specimens,) and [since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate (how species are responding to global change,)] I wanted to know：Are they usable
Let’s practice
结构分析：利用找的方法“一找”找到了and, 它连接了两个并列句；“再找”找到了that，since和how,引导了三个从句，由此判断本句是一个并列复合句。前半句中的that作关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词the primary data ; 后半句中的since引导原因状语从句，how引导宾语从句作investigate的宾语。把三个从句用括号括住后，主干句为:
These observations now outnumber the primary data …and…I want to know…
句意：现在，这些观察结果的数量超过了来自实物标本的原始数据，而由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：这些观察数据可靠吗
Let’s practice
[2025新课标II卷七选五] Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.
[2025新课标II卷七选五] Washington University found [that adults 55 and older （who volunteered） had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.]
结构分析：
这两个and都不是并列句的连接词，第一个and只是连接了adults 55和older两个并列的主语，第二个and则连接了两个并列的谓语had和maintained。因此这个句子没有“一找”里面的and, but, or, so连接的并列句，而是通过再找后发现了两个个主从复合句，其中that引导的从句在句子主干Washington University found that ...中作宾语。在这个宾语从句中，adults 55 and older had better memory and maintained ...为句子主干；其中who volunteered为who引导的定语从句；longer than others their age为比较状语。
若定语从句存在于句中，定语从句通常从关系词开始起到下一个谓语动词前结束；若定语从句存在于句尾，定语从句则通常从关系代词起到句子结束。为厘清主句和从句，可以先把从句用括号括起来。
句意：华盛顿大学发现，55 岁及以上的成年志愿者比同龄人群拥有更好的记忆力，且能更长久地保持整体健康。
[2025新课标II卷阅读理解C篇] Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone in our body.
[2025新课标II卷阅读理解C篇] Plants can improve our state of mind （in a few ways） but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone in our body.
结构分析：
“一找”but可知本句包含转折并列句，“再找”没有找到从句连接词（也不存在连接词省略的情况）。
前半句：Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways（用减法先把作状语的介词短语in a few ways用括号括住，句子主干就明晰了。主语 plants，谓语 can improve，宾语 state of mind）。
后半句：the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol（主语 the biggest，省略 way，系动词 is，表语 by decreasing...cortisol，动名词短语 decreasing our level of cortisol 作 by 的宾语）。
同位语：the stress hormone in our body（解释 cortisol，说明其性质）
句意：植物可以通过几种方式改善我们的心态，但最大的方式是降低我们体内皮质醇，即压力激素的水平。
[2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇]According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
找出主干：___________________________________________________
分析从句：which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词______________
理解分词短语功能：suited to social media作______________修饰mindset
句意：_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
people approach digital texts…and devote less mental effort
后置定语
social media
根据这一理论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的脑力要少。
（2023新课标I卷阅读C）At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
找出主干：___________________________
分析从句：that引导定语从句，修饰先行词____________;
you value为省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰先行词____________
you believe为 _____________
理解其它成分：短语 a small number of carefully chosen和online 作定语修饰名词 ____________
句意：_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
在这三十天结束时，你可以恢复少量精心挑选的，你认为将对你所珍视的东西大有裨益的线上活动。
you will add back activities
activities
the things
插入语
activities
（2022·新高考I卷阅读D篇）A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
找出主干：___________________________
分析从句：第一个that引导____________从句，从句中谓语为____________，在宾语从句中有一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词____________
理解其它成分： 介词短语in human bite 做后置定语修饰__________;介词短语in half the world‘s languages则是在定语从句中作__________
A study shows that
led to
宾语
speech sounds
changes
地点状语
句意：_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
一项具有开创性的五年研究显示，饮食相关的咬合变化导致了新的语音的产生，如今这些语音在世界一半的语言中都能找到。