2026届高考英语二轮专题复习：并列复合句课件(共81张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮专题复习：并列复合句课件(共81张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-12 02:07:03 | ||
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文档简介
(共81张PPT)
2026届高考英语复习
并列复合句、主从复合句
语法讲解+综合提升练
语法清单
目 录
一、并列连词与并列复合句
1. 并列/顺承/递进关系
2. 转折关系
3. 选择关系
4. 因果关系
5. 对比关系
6. when
二、名词性从句
1. 主语从句
2. 宾语从句
3. 表语从句
4. 同位语从句
即练即清1
即练即清2
三、定语从句
1. 定语从句的分类
2. 关系代词
3. 易混关系代词辨析
4. 介词+关系代词which/whom
5. 关系副词
即练即清3
即练即清4
目 录
四、状语从句
1. 各类状语从句的引导词
2. 状语从句的省略
综合提升练
一、并列连词与并列复合句
并列连词可用于连接并列的句子成分或分句,表示并列、顺承、递进、转
折、选择、因果、对比等逻辑关系。
1. 并列/顺承/递进关系
并列连词 意义 示例
and, both...and... 和 We had (both) thunder and lightning last night.昨夜电闪雷鸣。(表并列)
He turned off the light and left the room.他熄了灯,之后离开了房间。(表顺承)
She did the work and did it well.她做了那项工作,而且做得很好。(表递进)
并列连词 意义 示例
not only... but (also)... 不仅…… 而且…… This kind of work requires not only good skill but (also) a high sense of responsibility.
这种工作不仅需要良好的技术,还需要高度的责任感。
neither...nor... 既不…… 也不…… She stood on the spot, neither laughing nor crying.她站在原地,既不哭也不笑。
She is neither content with her present life nor could she change it.
她既不满足现在的生活,也无法改变它。
温馨提示
and还可以用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,意为“只要……就……”。
Think it over again and you'll find a way out.
只要你再想一下,就会想出解决办法的。
2. 转折关系
并列连词 意义 示例
but/yet 但是,而,相反 He sees the trees but not the forest.他只见树木而不见森林。
She is American, but/yet she knows little about American history.
她是美国人,却对美国历史知之甚少。
The strongest people are not always the people who win, but the people who don't give up
when they lose.
真正的强者并不总是获胜的人,而是那些输了却并不放弃的人。
3. 选择关系
并列连词 意义 示例
or 或者 It's now or never.机不可失。
He or his assistants are to meet you at the airport.他或他的助手会去机场接你。
Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it.你自己做,或者请别人来做。
either...or... 要么…… 要么…… If I'm not in class, I'm either in the library or in the lab.
要是我没上课,就在图书馆或实验室。
温馨提示
or还可以用于“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,意为“否则”。
Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点儿,否则你就要迟到了。
4. 因果关系
并列连词 意义 示例
so 所以 She told me to do it, so I did it.
她告诉我做那件事,所以我就做了。
It is foggy today, so we can't see the distant hills.
今天有雾,所以看不见远处的山峦。
for 因为 It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
准是下过雨了,因为地面是湿的。
温馨提示 for用于连接并列分句时,通常需要用逗号与前一分句隔开。
5. 对比关系
并列连词 意义 示例
while 而,然而 Wise men seek after the truth while fools despise knowledge.
智者求真理,愚人贬知识。
6. when
when可用作并列连词,相当于and at that time,常用于以下三种句式:
用法 意义 示例
sb. be doing...when... 某人正在做某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I was playing outside when it began to rain.
我正在外面玩,这时突然开始下雨了。
sb. be about to do... when...或sb. be on the point of doing...when... 某人正要做某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I was about to turn off my computer when I received an email.
我正准备关电脑,这时突然收到了一封电子邮件。
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
她正要出去,电话铃响了。
sb. had hardly/barely/ scarcely done...when... 某人刚做完某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I had hardly got on the train when the train left.
我刚一上去,火车就开了。
即练即清1
1. Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain expect
others to solve their problems. (人教B3U2)
2. If you think you can't be replaced by software, your job can't be out-
sourced to some robots on the moon, you are wrong. (北师大XB3U7)
3. Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius few
might know how he created Symphony No. 9 in D minor and how its first show went.
(北师大B3U7)
and
or
but/yet
解析
1. and 句意:如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,并且期待别人来解决他们的问题,
那么这个国家就不会好。设空处在定语从句中连接并列谓语,表示并列关系,故
填and。
2. or 句意:如果你认为你不能被软件取代,或者你的工作不能外包给月球上的
一些机器人,那你就错了。设空处连接并列的宾语从句,表示选择关系,故填or。
3. but/yet 句意:每个人都知道路德维希·凡·贝多芬是一位音乐天才,但很少有人
知道他是如何创作《第九交响曲》的,以及它的第一场演出是如何进行的。设
空处连接并列分句,表示转折关系,故填but/yet。
4. Neither she her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
(人教B3U2)
5. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your
life's work, still this is often not enough. (外研XB1U2)
6. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas
have parents who were born overseas. (人教XB4U2)
nor
but/yet
or
解析
4. nor 句意:她和她的朋友都没有考虑过把石头从路上挪走。neither...nor...连
接并列主语,意为“……和……都不”,故填nor。
5. but/yet 句意:你可能多年来放弃了周末和自由时间来写你一生的作品,但这
经常还不够。设空处连接并列分句,表示转折关系,故填but/yet。
6. or 句意:据说,现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么在海外出生,要么父母在海外
出生。either...or...连接并列谓语,意为“要么……要么……”,故填or。
7. From our research experience in discovering artemisinin(青蒿素), we learnt the
wisdom behind both Chinese Western medicine. (北师大B2U6)
8. Both his father and mother were successful actors and singers, it was
natural for him to follow in their footsteps. (北师大XB2U4)
and
so
解析
7. and 句意:从发现青蒿素的研究经验中,我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。
both...and...连接并列宾语,表示并列关系,故填and。
8. so 句意:他的父亲和母亲都是成功的演员和歌手,所以他很自然地会追随他
们的脚步。设空处连接并列分句,表示因果关系,故填so。
二、名词性从句
名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用,可在主从复合句中担任主语、宾语、
表语、同位语,因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
语从句。名词性从句使用陈述句语序,时态根据所表达的意义确定。
1. 主语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属 连词 that(无实义)、whether(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分,
一般不省略(常用it作形式
主语) That he survived the accident is a miracle.
他在这场事故中幸免于难,真是个奇迹。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
这项工作未必能按时完成。
It is likely that he can't come to the meeting. 他可能不能来参加会议了。
It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.
难怪你取得了这么大的成功。
It is requested that passengers should fasten their seat belts.
乘客被要求系好安全带。
It turned out that this method doesn't work well. 结果是这方法不太管用。
分类 引导词 示例
连接 代词 who、whom、whose、 what、which、whatever
等 What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者富有创造性的想象力。(在从句中作主语)
Who she is doesn't concern us.她是谁与我们无关。(在从句中作表语)
Which team has won the game is not known yet.
还不知道哪个队赢了这场比赛。(在从句中作定语)
Whatever I have is at your service.我拥有的一切你尽管使用。(在从句中作宾语)
连接 副词 when、where、why、 how、whenever等 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪里开会都无所谓。
When we begin the trip is still a question.我们何时开始这次旅行仍悬而未决。
How this accident happened is still unknown.这场事故是怎么发生的还不清楚。
Why she was absent remains a mystery.她为什么缺席仍然是个谜。
2. 宾语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、 whether/if(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分 I wish (that) she would understand me.我希望她能理解我。
The policeman confirms (that) a dropped cigarette end on a carpet started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. 警察证实,一根掉在地毯上的烟头引起了火灾,而自动火警报警器没有及时报警以避免灾难的发生。(多个宾语从句并列时,只有第一个that可省略,从第二个开始,that一般不省略)
I should phone her and see if/whether she's available for dinner.我得给她打个电话,看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。(及物动词后的宾语从句,if/whether均可)
It all depends on whether we have determination and courage.这完全取决于我们是否有决心和勇气。(介词后的宾语从句,只能用whether)
She couldn't decide whether or not she would buy the house.
她无法决定是否买那幢房子。(or not紧跟其后时,只能用whether)
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who、whom、 whose、what、 which、 whichever等 Words don't always mean what they seem to mean.
话语常有弦外之音。(在从句中作动词的宾语)
I think it all depends on who/whom you're talking to.
我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。(在从句中作介词的宾语)
The editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
编辑决定哪篇报道最重要,安排在头版。(在从句中作主语)
I don't know whose that is.我不知道那是谁的。(在从句中作表语)
You may take whichever book will interest you.
哪本书让你觉得感兴趣,你就可以拿哪本。(在从句中作定语)
连接副词 when、where、 why、 how、 whenever等 He didn't tell me when we could meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们能再见。
I wonder why you don't tell me about the fact.我想知道你为什么不告诉我真相。
They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a stormy night.
他们想不出,在那样的暴风雨之夜,他到什么地方去了。
3. 表语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是
否)只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 My suggestion is that you should always be confident.
我的建议是你应该始终自信。
The question is whether we should invest in this project.
问题是我们是否应该投资这个项目。
because(因为) The reason I'm here is because I wish to lend a hand.
我来这里是因为我想帮忙。
as if/as though(好像) At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming
to an end! 凌晨3: 42,万物开始摇晃,仿佛世界末日即将来临!
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who、whom、whose、 what、which、whoever等 They are what they used to be.他们依然如故。(在从句中作表语)
The problem is which passenger should be responsible for the accident.
问题是哪位乘客应该对事故负责。(在从句中作定语)
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找谁接替她。(在从句中作宾语)
连接副词 when、where、why、 how、whenever等 Home is where you can find love and care.
家是你能够找到爱和关怀的地方。
That's how the Indians made their living.那就是印第安人谋生的方式。
What I want to know is when he will be back.
我想要知道的是他什么时候回来。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句通常用于对主句中的名词(多为抽象名词)进行解释,说明其具体
内容。后接同位语从句的名词有belief(信念)、decision(决定)、doubt(怀疑)、
explanation(解释)、evidence(证据)、fact/truth(事实)、feeling(感觉)、hope(希
望)、idea(主意)、news(消息)、opinion(观点)、possibility(可能性)、problem(问
题)、promise(承诺)、suggestion(建议)、thought(想法)、wish(愿望)等。
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是
否)只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him again.
一想到可能再也见不到他了,她满眼是泪。
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们当前的思想状态。
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这个问题。
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 what、who等 She had given them a hint what they should do.她暗示他们应该做什么。
They haven't solved the problem who should be in charge of the key project.
他们还没有解决由谁来负责那项重点工程的问题。
连接副词 when、where、why、how等 We haven't yet settled the question when and where we are going to spend our vacation.
我们还没有决定什么时候、去哪儿度假。
I have no idea why he resigned. 我不明白他为何辞职。
He put forward the question how we can get the fund.
他提出了我们怎样才能得到这笔资金的问题。
即练即清2
1. After all, home is all family members are together. (译林B2U3)
2. But we need to keep in mind what we see on social media is often not
the whole truth about a person. (外研B1U4)
3. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but surprised her was
that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. (人教XB2U2)
4. What keeps them from doing so is the fact chemical farming serves the
high demand for food around the world. (人教XB1U5)
where
that
what
that
解析
1. where 设空处引导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
2. that 设空处引导动词keep后的宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
3. what 设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填
what。
4. that 句意:阻止他们这样做的是,化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的高需
求。设空处引导同位语从句,用于解释说明fact的具体内容,从句语义完整,不缺
成分,故填that。
5. However, it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating
plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. (人教XB1U5)
6. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one
scientist has questioned really happened. (外研B3U3)
7. It is believed this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.
(译林XB1U4)
8. From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent
of its surface is covered by water.
whether
what
that
because
解析
5. whether 句意:然而,能否培育出诸如水稻的自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个备
受争议的问题。设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,故填whether。
6. what 设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填
what。
7. that 句意:人们认为这首诗是李白在青少年时期写的。It是形式主语,设空处
引导主语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
8. because 句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%被水覆
盖。设空处引导表语从句,表示原因,故填because。
三、定语从句
定语从句是修饰主句中某一名词(短语)或代词(有时也可以修饰整个主句或
主句的一部分)的从句,被修饰的对象称为先行词,一般由关系词(包括关系代词
和关系副词)引导,作用相当于形容词。
If you have a [ knows your heart], distance can't keep you two apart.
1. 定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
特点 起限定作用,与先行词关系紧密,不可省略,否则会造成句意不完整 仅作补充或说明,若省略,句意不发生改变
形式 一般紧跟先行词,且中间不加逗号 用逗号与主句隔开
先行词 名词(短语)或代词 名词(短语)、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分
引导词 关系代词(作宾语时可省略)、关系副词 关系代词(不包括that,且作宾语时不可省略)、关系副词(不包括why)
示例 He has two sisters who are working in the city.他有两个在这座城市工作的妹妹。 (他可能还有别的不在这座城市工作的妹妹) He has two sisters, who are working in the city.
他有两个妹妹,都在这座城市工作。
2. 关系代词
关系代词 用法 示例
that 只用于引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或
表语,作宾语时可省略 He is a man that/who means what he says.
他是一个说话算数的人。(指人,作主语)
He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago.
他再不是20年前的那个男孩子了。(指人,作表语)
The book (that/which) you are reading is written by Mark Twain.
你正在读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。(指物,作宾语)
Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。(指物,作主语)
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my old friend.
你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。(指人,作宾语)
which 先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾 语、表语或定语,作宾语时可省略 who 先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略 whom 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语,一般可省略 关系代词 用法 示例
whose 先行词指人或物,在从句
中作定语(可与of whom/
which互换) Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been destroyed.
工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。(指人)
In this article, we'll talk about a type of comfort food whose/of which power
mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.在本文里,我们要讲一类治愈系食物,它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。(指物)
as 引导限制性定语从句时,
先行词指人或物,通常与
such、the same等连用,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词只能是整个主句 Such books as I have read are classical works.
我所读过的书都是些经典著作。(指物,作宾语)
My trouble is the same as yours is.我的困难同你的一样。(指物,作表语)
She became angry, as many could see.
她生气了,许多人都看得出。(非限制性定语从句)
3. 易混关系代词辨析
(1)that和which
当先行词指物时,限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用that,又可以用which。
但下列几种情况下宜用that不用which:
情况 示例
当先行词是everything、anything、
nothing、all、none、few、little、some
等不定代词时,或被every、any、all、
some、no、little、few、much等修饰时 There is little that I can do for you.
几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
李老师说的话你都记下来了吗
关系代词 用法
当先行词被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
当先行词被the very、the only等修饰时 After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned.
家里发生火灾后,那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country.
他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。
(2)as和which
as、which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,区别如下:
as which
从句位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 从句一般只能置于先行词后
先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词,也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容
意义 通常表示对主句内容的评论或解释,意为“正如,好像” 表示对先行词的补充说明
示例 As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods. 正如亚里士多德所说:没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。(置于句首) Overeating, as is known to all, is the main cause of obesity.众所周知,吃得过多是肥胖症的主要原因。(置于句中) The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变得很冷,这一带经常如此。(置于句末) In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco,
which started a gold rush. 同年,旧金山附近发现黄金,引发了淘金热。(先行词是整个主句)
The sun, which had hidden all day, came out in full splendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳又光芒四射了。
(先行词是名词sun)
4. 介词+关系代词which/whom
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,常将介词置于关系代词前,构成“介
词+关系代词”结构,该结构既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性
定语从句。先行词指人时,关系代词常用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词常用
which。此时,whom和which不可省略。
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这是我写这封信用的那支钢笔。(限制性定语从句)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上,她无人可以求助。(非限制性定语从句)
5. 关系副词
关系副词 用法 示例
when 先行词通常是表示时间的词语,在从句中作时间状语(可与at/in/on/ during which互换) There comes a time when/in which the old must give way to the new.
新旧更替的时代已经到来。
Autumn is the season when/in which trees shed their leaves.
秋天是树木落叶的季节。
关系副词 用法 示例
where 先行词通常是表示具体地点的词,也可以是表示抽象地点的词语(如degree、point、situation、
stage等),在从句中作地点状语 (可与at/in which互换) In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found, people
are destroying the natural environment.在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地
方,人们正破坏那里的自然环境。(具体地点)
She had got to the point where/at which she felt that she could not take
any more.她已经到了忍无可忍的地步。(抽象地点)
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。(抽象地点)
why 先行词是reason,在从句中作原因状语(可与for which互换) Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday.
告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。
即练即清3
1. The Terracotta Army fill only one part of Emperor Qinshihuang's huge tomb,
still has not been completely unearthed. (人教B1U2改)
2. People in modern times can read the classic works were written
by Chinese in ancient times. (人教B1U5)
3. the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
(外研B3U2)
4. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was
built near a primary school in Uganda. (外研B3U2)
which
that/which
As
which
解析
1. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词tomb(指
物),故用关系代词which。
2. that/which 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词the classic
works(指物),故用关系代词that/which。
3. As 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,故用关系代词As。
4. which with 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词$2,000指物,故用关系代词
which。
5. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time
people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects
and characters. (人教B1U5)
6. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives
were in danger. (外研B3U2)
7. The number of people were killed or badly injured in the quake was
more than 400,000. (人教B1U4)
8. As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations
things may go wrong. (译林XB4U1)
when
whose
that/who
where
解析
5. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词time表示时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故用
关系副词when。
6. whose 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,相当于people's,故用关系代词
whose。
7. that/who 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词people(指人),故
用关系代词that/who。
8. where 设空处引导定语从句,先行词situations表示抽象地点,从句中缺少地点
状语,故用关系副词where。
四、状语从句
1. 各类状语从句的引导词
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 when、while、as As it grew darker, it became colder.天渐黑,越发冷起来了。(随着)
As/When he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动。(接短暂性动词,表示动作前后发生)
He's been watching TV as/when/while his wife has been watering the flowers.
他妻子在浇花的时候,他一直在看电视。(接延续性动词,表示动作同时发生)
before、after He rushed out of the office before I realized what was happening.
我还没意识到发生了什么事,他就冲出了办公室。
The house was empty after they moved out.他们搬走后,这座房子就空了。
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 till/until She stood there till/until he passed out of sight.她站在那里,直到望不见他的身影。
Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.
他们直到工作完成了才回家。(置于句首时,一般不用till)
since I feel much happier since I started my new job.
自从我开始了新工作,我感觉快活多了。
once You can't cancel the contract once you've signed.你一旦签了字就不能取消合同。
as soon as、 the first time、 the moment等 The summer heat hit me as soon as I got off the flight.一下飞机,就有一股暑热袭来。
My cat had disappeared the moment the storm hit.暴风雨袭来的那一刻我的猫就失踪了。
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it.
我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它。
分类 引导词 示例
条件 状语 从句 if、unless If we want light, we must conquer darkness.如果我们想要光明,就得征服黑暗。
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨,我就要走了。
as/so long as、in case As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.
只要你继续努力,你就必定会成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘了这件事,请提醒我。
given that、 on condition that等 Given that I have enough money, I'll travel around the world.
鉴于我有足够的钱,我要去周游世界。
He agreed to lend me his car on condition that I return it by tomorrow.
他同意借给我他的车,但条件是在明天之前归还。
分类 引导词 示例
原因 状语 从句 because、 since、as Some people are effective speakers because they train to be.
一些人是优秀的演讲者,因为他们经过了训练。(直接原因,语气最强)
Since the road is wet, it must have rained.
路是湿的,一定是下过雨了。(表示附带说明,语气弱于because)
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition.
有了健身伙伴,你会更加努力训练,因为你们之间会存在微妙的竞争。(语气最弱)
now (that)、 in that、 considering (that)等 Now (that) they got to know each other a little better,they get along just fine.
由于彼此之间有了进一步了解,他们相处得不错。
Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.
理论之所以有价值,就在于它能给实践指出方向。
Considering (that) there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the
future of VR 考虑到需要应对这么多挑战,你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗
分类 引导词 示例
让步 状语 从句 although、 though、as、 while Honest advice benefits conduct though/although it's unpleasant to the ear.忠言逆耳利于行。
Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐,但总缺少点什么。
(as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,though可倒可不倒)
While I'm willing to help, I don't have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙,但是没有多少时间。(while通常置于句首)
even though/if The Internet has made it possible for friends to keep in touch easily even though/if they are on
opposite sides of the world.即使天各一方,互联网也能使朋友轻松保持联系。
疑问词+-ever、 no matter+疑问 词等 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.
无论你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持联系。
We can download software, documents, and images whenever we need them.
在任何需要的时候,我们可以下载软件、文档和图片。
分类 引导词 示例
目的 状语 从句 so that、 in order that It is very important to protect wild lives so that humankind can still live on earth.
保护好野生生物极为重要,这样人类才能继续在地球上生存。(往往有情态动词)
We talked quietly in order that we should not disturb the other passengers.
我们小声说话,以免打扰别的旅客。
in case、 for fear that等 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.带把伞,以防下雨。
They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy found them.
他们躲在树丛后面,以防被敌人发现。
结果 状语 从句 so that、 so...that、 such...that等 He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定,结果毁掉了半生。
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 她说话轻得我几乎听不见。
It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the
future. 它飞速扩张,我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。
分类 引导词 示例
方式状语从句 as Do as you would be done by.你要人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
as if/though The little boy spoke as if he were a grown-up.那小男孩说起话来像个大人似的。
比较 状语 从句 as...as...、 not as/so...as... It's not as/so smooth as I thought.这没有我想象的那么顺利。
than The time available is less than we had hoped for.
可利用的时间比我们原先希望的少。
地点 状语 从句 where、 wherever等 Where there is life,there is hope.有生命就有希望。
We'll go wherever you say.你说去哪儿我们就去哪。
Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
想象一下,当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶!
2. 状语从句的省略
情况 示例
当状语从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略从句主语和be动词 When (he was) asking the teacher, he was polite.他向老师问问题时很有礼貌。
Send the goods now if (they are) ready.货物如已备好,请立即邮寄。
A great man, though (he is) dead, yet lives.伟大的人虽死犹生。
当从句主语是it,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略it和be动词 I'll go there myself when (it is) possible.可能的时候我会亲自去那里。
Put a comma where (it is) needed.在需要的地方加上逗号。
The matter, if (it is) well handled, will benefit us a lot.
这件事如果处理得好,会对我们大有益处。
有些状语从句有时会省略与主句相同的成分 I shall go shopping if you don't (go).如果你不去购物,我就去。
温馨提示 after、before、because引导的状语从句无此用法。
即练即清4
1. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature
I like English and I'm good at it. (人教B1U1)
2. China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of
international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through
this amazing language. (人教B1U5)
3. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years
and he was inspired by them to go and teach he was needed the most.
(北师大B1U1)
because/ since/as
As
where
解析
1. because/since/as 句意:我的顾问建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢并擅
长英语。设空处引导原因状语从句。
2. As 句意:随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,越来越多的国际学生开始
通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。设空处引导时间状语从
句,意为“随着”。
3. where 句意:刚开始上学时,他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀老师,他们激励他去
最需要他的地方教书。设空处引导地点状语从句。
4. it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of
life as the day it was created. (人教XB3U1)
5. we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be
gone.
Although/Though/While
If
解析
4. Although/Though/While 句意:虽然已有500多年之久,但它看起来仍然和被创
作的那一天一样栩栩如生、充满活力。设空处引导让步状语从句,且置于句首,
故填Although/Though/While。
5. If 句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上很多动物和植物将会消失。设空
处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
1. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find
different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. (人教B3U1)
2. Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into
small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
3. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, runs a programme
that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
(人教B2U1)
that
as/when
which
解析
1. that 句意:如果你仔细研究各种节日,你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有
很多共同之处。设空处引导宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
2. as/when 句意:随着时间的推移,当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小块,这
样烹饪速度就会更快。设空处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。
3. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词UNESCO
(指物),故用关系代词which。
4. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the
universe never died. This is people believe in the importance of carrying
on space exploration despite the huge risks. (人教B3U4)
5. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise,
the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. (人教
XB2U4)
6. the students came from different countries, they got
along quite well in the summer camp.
because
where
Although/Though/While
解析
4. because 句意:这些灾难让每个人伤心、失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
这是因为尽管存在巨大风险,但人们相信进行太空探索很重要。设空处引导表
语从句,表示原因,故填because。
5. where 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,先行词Lake
Louise表示地点,故用关系副词where。
6. Although/Though/While 句意:尽管这些学生来自不同国家,他们在夏令营中
相处得很好。设空处引导让步状语从句,且置于句首,故填Although/Though/
While。
7. However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is
we eat it with. (北师大B1U3)
8. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and
shells on symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
(人教B1U5)
9. There is concern the construction company that built the tower block had
not followed fire safety rules. (译林XB2U1)
who/whom
which
that
解析
7. who/whom 句意:然而,我们吃什么不是最重要的。重要的是我们和谁一起
吃。设空处引导表语从句,且在从句中作with的宾语,故填who/whom。
8. which on 引导定语从句,先行词animal bones and shells指物,故用关系
代词which。
9. that 句意:有人担心建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。设空处引
导同位语从句,用于解释说明concern的具体内容,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填
that。
10. The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of
do not speak English fluently. (人教B3U3)
11. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady the shoe sec-
tion was. (外研B1U2)
12. I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment
I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate. (译林XB4U4)
13. She has the window open, cold it is outside.
whom
where
when
however
解析
10. whom many of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词ethnic Chinese指人,故
用关系代词whom。
11. where 句意:在入口的问询台,我问一位女士鞋区在哪儿。设空处引导宾语
从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
12. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词the moment表示时间,故用关系副词
when。
13. however 句意:无论外面多冷,她都一直开着窗户。设空处引导让步状语从
句,意为“无论怎样”,故填however。
14. One woman tripped over the stone her water pot went crashing to the
ground. (人教B3U2)
15. These terraces(梯田) also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some
of feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. (外研B1U6)
16. Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is they lead
to specific consequences. (外研XB4U1)
and
which
that
解析
14. and 句意:一个女人被石头绊倒,她的水壶摔在地上。设空处连接并列分句,
表示顺承关系,故填and。
15. which some of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词birds and fish指物,故
用关系代词which。
16. that 设空处引导表语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
17. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the
Mogao Caves, were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's
ancient history. (人教B2U1)
18. It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be
put into practice.
19. The Amazon River, from the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400
kilometres in length. (译林B3U1)
which
whether
which
解析
17. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词the Mogao
Caves指物,故用关系代词which。
18. whether 句意:新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。It作形式
主语,设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,故填whether。
19. which from 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词The Amazon River指物,
故用关系代词which。
20. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over or not fatty
food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. (人教XB2U3)
21. Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time
people travelled the Silk Road. (人教B2U1)
22. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's I was born.”
whether
when
where
解析
20. whether 句意:更简单来说,当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否危险时,我们已
经知道糖是一个杀手。设空处引导介词over后的宾语从句,表示“是否”,且空
后紧跟or not,故填whether。
21. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词time表示时间,故用关系副词when。
22. where 句意:奶奶指着那家医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。”设空处引导
表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
23. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard
work, most of takes place behind the scenes. (译林B2U1)
24. A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages,
eggs and coffee. (外研XB3U2)
25. Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease was difficult to
cure. (人教B2U5)
which
where
that/which
解析
23. which most of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词work指物,故用关系代
词which。
24. where 句意:他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物,有香肠、鸡蛋和咖
啡。设空处引导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
25. that/which 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词disease(指
物),故用关系代词that/which。
26. Hard it was raining, they went on working in the field.
27. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then
moved and put back together again in a place they were safe from the
water. (人教B2U1)
28. you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay
motivated after one or two nights.
though/as
where
Unless
解析
26. though/as 句意:尽管雨下得很大,他们还是去田里干活了。设空处引导让步
状语从句,且从句的状语Hard置于句首,故填though/as。
27. where 设空处引导定语从句,先行词place表示地点,故用关系副词where。
28. Unless 句意:如果你睡不好,一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、计划和
保持动力的能力。设空处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不”。故填Unless。
29. On the first day, I should want to see the people kindness and
gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. (外研XB1U2)
30. I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and
takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
31. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
whose
because/since/as/for
When
解析
29. whose 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
30. because/since/as/for 句意:我很喜欢听音乐,因为它帮助我放松,让我从一天
中的其他烦恼中解脱出来。设空处引导原因状语从句。也可以理解为设空处连
接两个并列分句,构成因果关系,故也可填for。
31. When 句意:延误的飞机什么时候能够起飞取决于天气。设空处引导主语
从句,意为“什么时候”,故填When。
32. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,
to he has devoted his life. (人教XB1U5)
33. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you
may be to victory.
34. Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the
Belt and Road construction.
whom
how
where
解析
32. whom to 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Chinese farmers指人,故用
关系代词whom。
33. how 句意:不要让任何失败打垮你,因为你不知道成功可能离你有多近。设
空处引导宾语从句,意为“多么”,故填how。
34. where 句意:地处“一带一路”交汇点,江苏将为“一带一路”建设贡献更
多力量。设空处引导地点状语从句。
35. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, foggy climate in they were
invented. (译林XB1U1)
36. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very
useful later in my life.
which
when
解析
35. which in 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词climate指物,故用关系代词
which。
36. when 句意:这个我小时候父母教我的游戏在我以后的生活中非常有用。设
空处引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”。
2026届高考英语复习
并列复合句、主从复合句
语法讲解+综合提升练
语法清单
目 录
一、并列连词与并列复合句
1. 并列/顺承/递进关系
2. 转折关系
3. 选择关系
4. 因果关系
5. 对比关系
6. when
二、名词性从句
1. 主语从句
2. 宾语从句
3. 表语从句
4. 同位语从句
即练即清1
即练即清2
三、定语从句
1. 定语从句的分类
2. 关系代词
3. 易混关系代词辨析
4. 介词+关系代词which/whom
5. 关系副词
即练即清3
即练即清4
目 录
四、状语从句
1. 各类状语从句的引导词
2. 状语从句的省略
综合提升练
一、并列连词与并列复合句
并列连词可用于连接并列的句子成分或分句,表示并列、顺承、递进、转
折、选择、因果、对比等逻辑关系。
1. 并列/顺承/递进关系
并列连词 意义 示例
and, both...and... 和 We had (both) thunder and lightning last night.昨夜电闪雷鸣。(表并列)
He turned off the light and left the room.他熄了灯,之后离开了房间。(表顺承)
She did the work and did it well.她做了那项工作,而且做得很好。(表递进)
并列连词 意义 示例
not only... but (also)... 不仅…… 而且…… This kind of work requires not only good skill but (also) a high sense of responsibility.
这种工作不仅需要良好的技术,还需要高度的责任感。
neither...nor... 既不…… 也不…… She stood on the spot, neither laughing nor crying.她站在原地,既不哭也不笑。
She is neither content with her present life nor could she change it.
她既不满足现在的生活,也无法改变它。
温馨提示
and还可以用于“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构,意为“只要……就……”。
Think it over again and you'll find a way out.
只要你再想一下,就会想出解决办法的。
2. 转折关系
并列连词 意义 示例
but/yet 但是,而,相反 He sees the trees but not the forest.他只见树木而不见森林。
She is American, but/yet she knows little about American history.
她是美国人,却对美国历史知之甚少。
The strongest people are not always the people who win, but the people who don't give up
when they lose.
真正的强者并不总是获胜的人,而是那些输了却并不放弃的人。
3. 选择关系
并列连词 意义 示例
or 或者 It's now or never.机不可失。
He or his assistants are to meet you at the airport.他或他的助手会去机场接你。
Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it.你自己做,或者请别人来做。
either...or... 要么…… 要么…… If I'm not in class, I'm either in the library or in the lab.
要是我没上课,就在图书馆或实验室。
温馨提示
or还可以用于“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,意为“否则”。
Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点儿,否则你就要迟到了。
4. 因果关系
并列连词 意义 示例
so 所以 She told me to do it, so I did it.
她告诉我做那件事,所以我就做了。
It is foggy today, so we can't see the distant hills.
今天有雾,所以看不见远处的山峦。
for 因为 It must have rained, for the ground is wet.
准是下过雨了,因为地面是湿的。
温馨提示 for用于连接并列分句时,通常需要用逗号与前一分句隔开。
5. 对比关系
并列连词 意义 示例
while 而,然而 Wise men seek after the truth while fools despise knowledge.
智者求真理,愚人贬知识。
6. when
when可用作并列连词,相当于and at that time,常用于以下三种句式:
用法 意义 示例
sb. be doing...when... 某人正在做某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I was playing outside when it began to rain.
我正在外面玩,这时突然开始下雨了。
sb. be about to do... when...或sb. be on the point of doing...when... 某人正要做某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I was about to turn off my computer when I received an email.
我正准备关电脑,这时突然收到了一封电子邮件。
She was on the point of going out when the telephone rang.
她正要出去,电话铃响了。
sb. had hardly/barely/ scarcely done...when... 某人刚做完某事,这时另
一件事突然发生 I had hardly got on the train when the train left.
我刚一上去,火车就开了。
即练即清1
1. Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain expect
others to solve their problems. (人教B3U2)
2. If you think you can't be replaced by software, your job can't be out-
sourced to some robots on the moon, you are wrong. (北师大XB3U7)
3. Everyone knows that Ludwig van Beethoven is a musical genius few
might know how he created Symphony No. 9 in D minor and how its first show went.
(北师大B3U7)
and
or
but/yet
解析
1. and 句意:如果一个国家的人民只会抱怨,并且期待别人来解决他们的问题,
那么这个国家就不会好。设空处在定语从句中连接并列谓语,表示并列关系,故
填and。
2. or 句意:如果你认为你不能被软件取代,或者你的工作不能外包给月球上的
一些机器人,那你就错了。设空处连接并列的宾语从句,表示选择关系,故填or。
3. but/yet 句意:每个人都知道路德维希·凡·贝多芬是一位音乐天才,但很少有人
知道他是如何创作《第九交响曲》的,以及它的第一场演出是如何进行的。设
空处连接并列分句,表示转折关系,故填but/yet。
4. Neither she her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road.
(人教B3U2)
5. You may have spent years giving up your weekends and free time to write your
life's work, still this is often not enough. (外研XB1U2)
6. It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas
have parents who were born overseas. (人教XB4U2)
nor
but/yet
or
解析
4. nor 句意:她和她的朋友都没有考虑过把石头从路上挪走。neither...nor...连
接并列主语,意为“……和……都不”,故填nor。
5. but/yet 句意:你可能多年来放弃了周末和自由时间来写你一生的作品,但这
经常还不够。设空处连接并列分句,表示转折关系,故填but/yet。
6. or 句意:据说,现在近一半的澳大利亚公民要么在海外出生,要么父母在海外
出生。either...or...连接并列谓语,意为“要么……要么……”,故填or。
7. From our research experience in discovering artemisinin(青蒿素), we learnt the
wisdom behind both Chinese Western medicine. (北师大B2U6)
8. Both his father and mother were successful actors and singers, it was
natural for him to follow in their footsteps. (北师大XB2U4)
and
so
解析
7. and 句意:从发现青蒿素的研究经验中,我们学到了中医和西医背后的智慧。
both...and...连接并列宾语,表示并列关系,故填and。
8. so 句意:他的父亲和母亲都是成功的演员和歌手,所以他很自然地会追随他
们的脚步。设空处连接并列分句,表示因果关系,故填so。
二、名词性从句
名词性从句在句子中起名词的作用,可在主从复合句中担任主语、宾语、
表语、同位语,因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位
语从句。名词性从句使用陈述句语序,时态根据所表达的意义确定。
1. 主语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属 连词 that(无实义)、whether(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分,
一般不省略(常用it作形式
主语) That he survived the accident is a miracle.
他在这场事故中幸免于难,真是个奇迹。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
这项工作未必能按时完成。
It is likely that he can't come to the meeting. 他可能不能来参加会议了。
It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.
难怪你取得了这么大的成功。
It is requested that passengers should fasten their seat belts.
乘客被要求系好安全带。
It turned out that this method doesn't work well. 结果是这方法不太管用。
分类 引导词 示例
连接 代词 who、whom、whose、 what、which、whatever
等 What makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
让这本书如此非凡的是作者富有创造性的想象力。(在从句中作主语)
Who she is doesn't concern us.她是谁与我们无关。(在从句中作表语)
Which team has won the game is not known yet.
还不知道哪个队赢了这场比赛。(在从句中作定语)
Whatever I have is at your service.我拥有的一切你尽管使用。(在从句中作宾语)
连接 副词 when、where、why、 how、whenever等 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.
我们在哪里开会都无所谓。
When we begin the trip is still a question.我们何时开始这次旅行仍悬而未决。
How this accident happened is still unknown.这场事故是怎么发生的还不清楚。
Why she was absent remains a mystery.她为什么缺席仍然是个谜。
2. 宾语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、 whether/if(是否) 只起连接作用,不作成分 I wish (that) she would understand me.我希望她能理解我。
The policeman confirms (that) a dropped cigarette end on a carpet started the fire and that the automatic fire alarms did not go off quickly enough to prevent the disaster. 警察证实,一根掉在地毯上的烟头引起了火灾,而自动火警报警器没有及时报警以避免灾难的发生。(多个宾语从句并列时,只有第一个that可省略,从第二个开始,that一般不省略)
I should phone her and see if/whether she's available for dinner.我得给她打个电话,看看她是否有空一起吃晚饭。(及物动词后的宾语从句,if/whether均可)
It all depends on whether we have determination and courage.这完全取决于我们是否有决心和勇气。(介词后的宾语从句,只能用whether)
She couldn't decide whether or not she would buy the house.
她无法决定是否买那幢房子。(or not紧跟其后时,只能用whether)
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who、whom、 whose、what、 which、 whichever等 Words don't always mean what they seem to mean.
话语常有弦外之音。(在从句中作动词的宾语)
I think it all depends on who/whom you're talking to.
我觉得这完全取决于你在跟谁说话。(在从句中作介词的宾语)
The editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
编辑决定哪篇报道最重要,安排在头版。(在从句中作主语)
I don't know whose that is.我不知道那是谁的。(在从句中作表语)
You may take whichever book will interest you.
哪本书让你觉得感兴趣,你就可以拿哪本。(在从句中作定语)
连接副词 when、where、 why、 how、 whenever等 He didn't tell me when we could meet again.他没告诉我什么时候我们能再见。
I wonder why you don't tell me about the fact.我想知道你为什么不告诉我真相。
They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a stormy night.
他们想不出,在那样的暴风雨之夜,他到什么地方去了。
3. 表语从句
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是
否)只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 My suggestion is that you should always be confident.
我的建议是你应该始终自信。
The question is whether we should invest in this project.
问题是我们是否应该投资这个项目。
because(因为) The reason I'm here is because I wish to lend a hand.
我来这里是因为我想帮忙。
as if/as though(好像) At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming
to an end! 凌晨3: 42,万物开始摇晃,仿佛世界末日即将来临!
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 who、whom、whose、 what、which、whoever等 They are what they used to be.他们依然如故。(在从句中作表语)
The problem is which passenger should be responsible for the accident.
问题是哪位乘客应该对事故负责。(在从句中作定语)
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找谁接替她。(在从句中作宾语)
连接副词 when、where、why、 how、whenever等 Home is where you can find love and care.
家是你能够找到爱和关怀的地方。
That's how the Indians made their living.那就是印第安人谋生的方式。
What I want to know is when he will be back.
我想要知道的是他什么时候回来。
4. 同位语从句
同位语从句通常用于对主句中的名词(多为抽象名词)进行解释,说明其具体
内容。后接同位语从句的名词有belief(信念)、decision(决定)、doubt(怀疑)、
explanation(解释)、evidence(证据)、fact/truth(事实)、feeling(感觉)、hope(希
望)、idea(主意)、news(消息)、opinion(观点)、possibility(可能性)、problem(问
题)、promise(承诺)、suggestion(建议)、thought(想法)、wish(愿望)等。
分类 引导词 示例
从属连词 that(无实义)、whether(是
否)只起连接作用,不作成分,一般不省略 Tears filled her eyes at the thought that she might never see him again.
一想到可能再也见不到他了,她满眼是泪。
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.
重读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系基于我们当前的思想状态。
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这个问题。
分类 引导词 示例
连接代词 what、who等 She had given them a hint what they should do.她暗示他们应该做什么。
They haven't solved the problem who should be in charge of the key project.
他们还没有解决由谁来负责那项重点工程的问题。
连接副词 when、where、why、how等 We haven't yet settled the question when and where we are going to spend our vacation.
我们还没有决定什么时候、去哪儿度假。
I have no idea why he resigned. 我不明白他为何辞职。
He put forward the question how we can get the fund.
他提出了我们怎样才能得到这笔资金的问题。
即练即清2
1. After all, home is all family members are together. (译林B2U3)
2. But we need to keep in mind what we see on social media is often not
the whole truth about a person. (外研B1U4)
3. At first, Xie Lei had no idea what she should say, but surprised her was
that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. (人教XB2U2)
4. What keeps them from doing so is the fact chemical farming serves the
high demand for food around the world. (人教XB1U5)
where
that
what
that
解析
1. where 设空处引导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
2. that 设空处引导动词keep后的宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
3. what 设空处引导主语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填
what。
4. that 句意:阻止他们这样做的是,化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的高需
求。设空处引导同位语从句,用于解释说明fact的具体内容,从句语义完整,不缺
成分,故填that。
5. However, it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating
plants such as rice was a matter of great debate. (人教XB1U5)
6. Although it has been proved that Franklin's experiment took place, more than one
scientist has questioned really happened. (外研B3U3)
7. It is believed this poem was written by Li Bai in his teenage years.
(译林XB1U4)
8. From space, the earth looks blue. This is about seventy-one percent
of its surface is covered by water.
whether
what
that
because
解析
5. whether 句意:然而,能否培育出诸如水稻的自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个备
受争议的问题。设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,故填whether。
6. what 设空处引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,意为“……的事情”,故填
what。
7. that 句意:人们认为这首诗是李白在青少年时期写的。It是形式主语,设空处
引导主语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
8. because 句意:从太空看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%被水覆
盖。设空处引导表语从句,表示原因,故填because。
三、定语从句
定语从句是修饰主句中某一名词(短语)或代词(有时也可以修饰整个主句或
主句的一部分)的从句,被修饰的对象称为先行词,一般由关系词(包括关系代词
和关系副词)引导,作用相当于形容词。
If you have a [ knows your heart], distance can't keep you two apart.
1. 定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
特点 起限定作用,与先行词关系紧密,不可省略,否则会造成句意不完整 仅作补充或说明,若省略,句意不发生改变
形式 一般紧跟先行词,且中间不加逗号 用逗号与主句隔开
先行词 名词(短语)或代词 名词(短语)、代词、整个主句或主句的一部分
引导词 关系代词(作宾语时可省略)、关系副词 关系代词(不包括that,且作宾语时不可省略)、关系副词(不包括why)
示例 He has two sisters who are working in the city.他有两个在这座城市工作的妹妹。 (他可能还有别的不在这座城市工作的妹妹) He has two sisters, who are working in the city.
他有两个妹妹,都在这座城市工作。
2. 关系代词
关系代词 用法 示例
that 只用于引导限制性定语从句,先行词指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或
表语,作宾语时可省略 He is a man that/who means what he says.
他是一个说话算数的人。(指人,作主语)
He is no longer the boy that/who he was twenty years ago.
他再不是20年前的那个男孩子了。(指人,作表语)
The book (that/which) you are reading is written by Mark Twain.
你正在读的那本书是马克·吐温写的。(指物,作宾语)
Football is a game that/which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩喜欢的运动。(指物,作主语)
The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my old friend.
你刚才遇见的那个人是我的老朋友。(指人,作宾语)
which 先行词指物,在从句中作主语、宾 语、表语或定语,作宾语时可省略 who 先行词指人,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时可省略 whom 先行词指人,在从句中作宾语,一般可省略 关系代词 用法 示例
whose 先行词指人或物,在从句
中作定语(可与of whom/
which互换) Workers built shelters for survivors whose/of whom homes had been destroyed.
工人们为家园被毁的幸存者修建避难所。(指人)
In this article, we'll talk about a type of comfort food whose/of which power
mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.在本文里,我们要讲一类治愈系食物,它的力量主要在于它所唤起的联想。(指物)
as 引导限制性定语从句时,
先行词指人或物,通常与
such、the same等连用,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词只能是整个主句 Such books as I have read are classical works.
我所读过的书都是些经典著作。(指物,作宾语)
My trouble is the same as yours is.我的困难同你的一样。(指物,作表语)
She became angry, as many could see.
她生气了,许多人都看得出。(非限制性定语从句)
3. 易混关系代词辨析
(1)that和which
当先行词指物时,限制性定语从句的引导词既可以用that,又可以用which。
但下列几种情况下宜用that不用which:
情况 示例
当先行词是everything、anything、
nothing、all、none、few、little、some
等不定代词时,或被every、any、all、
some、no、little、few、much等修饰时 There is little that I can do for you.
几乎没有什么我能为你做的了。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
李老师说的话你都记下来了吗
关系代词 用法
当先行词被序数词修饰时 The first place that they visited in London was Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。
当先行词被the very、the only等修饰时 After the fire in his house, the old car was the only thing that he owned.
家里发生火灾后,那辆旧车是他唯一拥有的东西。
当先行词既有人又有物时 They talked about the people and things that they saw in that country.
他们谈论在那个国家见到的人和事。
(2)as和which
as、which都可以引导非限制性定语从句,区别如下:
as which
从句位置 可置于句首、句中、句末 从句一般只能置于先行词后
先行词 只能是整个主句 可以是名词或代词,也可以是整个主句或主句的部分内容
意义 通常表示对主句内容的评论或解释,意为“正如,好像” 表示对先行词的补充说明
示例 As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods. 正如亚里士多德所说:没有人愿意过百善俱全而独缺朋友的生活。(置于句首) Overeating, as is known to all, is the main cause of obesity.众所周知,吃得过多是肥胖症的主要原因。(置于句中) The night has turned cold, as is usual around here. 夜晚变得很冷,这一带经常如此。(置于句末) In the same year, gold was discovered near San Francisco,
which started a gold rush. 同年,旧金山附近发现黄金,引发了淘金热。(先行词是整个主句)
The sun, which had hidden all day, came out in full splendor.整天躲在云层里的太阳又光芒四射了。
(先行词是名词sun)
4. 介词+关系代词which/whom
当关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时,常将介词置于关系代词前,构成“介
词+关系代词”结构,该结构既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性
定语从句。先行词指人时,关系代词常用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词常用
which。此时,whom和which不可省略。
This is the pen with which I wrote the letter.
这是我写这封信用的那支钢笔。(限制性定语从句)
In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, to whom she could turn for help.
在黑暗的街道上,她无人可以求助。(非限制性定语从句)
5. 关系副词
关系副词 用法 示例
when 先行词通常是表示时间的词语,在从句中作时间状语(可与at/in/on/ during which互换) There comes a time when/in which the old must give way to the new.
新旧更替的时代已经到来。
Autumn is the season when/in which trees shed their leaves.
秋天是树木落叶的季节。
关系副词 用法 示例
where 先行词通常是表示具体地点的词,也可以是表示抽象地点的词语(如degree、point、situation、
stage等),在从句中作地点状语 (可与at/in which互换) In many of the places where/in which the butterfly can be found, people
are destroying the natural environment.在许多可以发现这种蝴蝶的地
方,人们正破坏那里的自然环境。(具体地点)
She had got to the point where/at which she felt that she could not take
any more.她已经到了忍无可忍的地步。(抽象地点)
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入了难以判断对错的境地。(抽象地点)
why 先行词是reason,在从句中作原因状语(可与for which互换) Tell me the reason why/for which you were absent yesterday.
告诉我你昨天缺席的原因。
即练即清3
1. The Terracotta Army fill only one part of Emperor Qinshihuang's huge tomb,
still has not been completely unearthed. (人教B1U2改)
2. People in modern times can read the classic works were written
by Chinese in ancient times. (人教B1U5)
3. the Chinese saying goes, “A kind-hearted person lives a long life.”
(外研B3U2)
4. After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was
built near a primary school in Uganda. (外研B3U2)
which
that/which
As
which
解析
1. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词tomb(指
物),故用关系代词which。
2. that/which 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词the classic
works(指物),故用关系代词that/which。
3. As 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”,故用关系代词As。
4. which with 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词$2,000指物,故用关系代词
which。
5. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time
people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects
and characters. (人教B1U5)
6. In Prague, Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and lives
were in danger. (外研B3U2)
7. The number of people were killed or badly injured in the quake was
more than 400,000. (人教B1U4)
8. As you go through your daily life, you will encounter many difficult situations
things may go wrong. (译林XB4U1)
when
whose
that/who
where
解析
5. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词time表示时间,从句中缺少时间状语,故用
关系副词when。
6. whose 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,相当于people's,故用关系代词
whose。
7. that/who 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词people(指人),故
用关系代词that/who。
8. where 设空处引导定语从句,先行词situations表示抽象地点,从句中缺少地点
状语,故用关系副词where。
四、状语从句
1. 各类状语从句的引导词
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 when、while、as As it grew darker, it became colder.天渐黑,越发冷起来了。(随着)
As/When he finished the speech, the audience burst into applause.
他讲话结束的时候,听众掌声雷动。(接短暂性动词,表示动作前后发生)
He's been watching TV as/when/while his wife has been watering the flowers.
他妻子在浇花的时候,他一直在看电视。(接延续性动词,表示动作同时发生)
before、after He rushed out of the office before I realized what was happening.
我还没意识到发生了什么事,他就冲出了办公室。
The house was empty after they moved out.他们搬走后,这座房子就空了。
分类 引导词 示例
时间 状语 从句 till/until She stood there till/until he passed out of sight.她站在那里,直到望不见他的身影。
Until they had finished the work, they did not go home.
他们直到工作完成了才回家。(置于句首时,一般不用till)
since I feel much happier since I started my new job.
自从我开始了新工作,我感觉快活多了。
once You can't cancel the contract once you've signed.你一旦签了字就不能取消合同。
as soon as、 the first time、 the moment等 The summer heat hit me as soon as I got off the flight.一下飞机,就有一股暑热袭来。
My cat had disappeared the moment the storm hit.暴风雨袭来的那一刻我的猫就失踪了。
I fell in love with Dream of the Red Chamber the first time I read it.
我第一次读到《红楼梦》时就喜欢上了它。
分类 引导词 示例
条件 状语 从句 if、unless If we want light, we must conquer darkness.如果我们想要光明,就得征服黑暗。
I shall go tomorrow unless it rains.如果明天不下雨,我就要走了。
as/so long as、in case As long as you keep on trying, you will surely succeed.
只要你继续努力,你就必定会成功。
In case I forget, please remind me about it.万一我忘了这件事,请提醒我。
given that、 on condition that等 Given that I have enough money, I'll travel around the world.
鉴于我有足够的钱,我要去周游世界。
He agreed to lend me his car on condition that I return it by tomorrow.
他同意借给我他的车,但条件是在明天之前归还。
分类 引导词 示例
原因 状语 从句 because、 since、as Some people are effective speakers because they train to be.
一些人是优秀的演讲者,因为他们经过了训练。(直接原因,语气最强)
Since the road is wet, it must have rained.
路是湿的,一定是下过雨了。(表示附带说明,语气弱于because)
With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle competition.
有了健身伙伴,你会更加努力训练,因为你们之间会存在微妙的竞争。(语气最弱)
now (that)、 in that、 considering (that)等 Now (that) they got to know each other a little better,they get along just fine.
由于彼此之间有了进一步了解,他们相处得不错。
Theory is valuable in that it can provide a direction for practice.
理论之所以有价值,就在于它能给实践指出方向。
Considering (that) there are so many challenges to deal with, are you still optimistic about the
future of VR 考虑到需要应对这么多挑战,你对虚拟现实的未来还抱有乐观心态吗
分类 引导词 示例
让步 状语 从句 although、 though、as、 while Honest advice benefits conduct though/although it's unpleasant to the ear.忠言逆耳利于行。
Happy as/though they were, there was something missing.尽管他们很快乐,但总缺少点什么。
(as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装,though可倒可不倒)
While I'm willing to help, I don't have much time available.
尽管我愿意帮忙,但是没有多少时间。(while通常置于句首)
even though/if The Internet has made it possible for friends to keep in touch easily even though/if they are on
opposite sides of the world.即使天各一方,互联网也能使朋友轻松保持联系。
疑问词+-ever、 no matter+疑问 词等 You can stay in touch with friends no matter where you are or what you are doing.
无论你在哪里,在做什么,都可以和朋友保持联系。
We can download software, documents, and images whenever we need them.
在任何需要的时候,我们可以下载软件、文档和图片。
分类 引导词 示例
目的 状语 从句 so that、 in order that It is very important to protect wild lives so that humankind can still live on earth.
保护好野生生物极为重要,这样人类才能继续在地球上生存。(往往有情态动词)
We talked quietly in order that we should not disturb the other passengers.
我们小声说话,以免打扰别的旅客。
in case、 for fear that等 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains.带把伞,以防下雨。
They hid themselves behind some bushes for fear that the enemy found them.
他们躲在树丛后面,以防被敌人发现。
结果 状语 从句 so that、 so...that、 such...that等 He made a wrong decision, so that half of his lifetime was wasted.
他做了错误的决定,结果毁掉了半生。
She spoke so quietly that I could hardly hear her. 她说话轻得我几乎听不见。
It is expanding at such a rate that we can only imagine what it will comprise in the
future. 它飞速扩张,我们只能想象它将来会包含什么。
分类 引导词 示例
方式状语从句 as Do as you would be done by.你要人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
as if/though The little boy spoke as if he were a grown-up.那小男孩说起话来像个大人似的。
比较 状语 从句 as...as...、 not as/so...as... It's not as/so smooth as I thought.这没有我想象的那么顺利。
than The time available is less than we had hoped for.
可利用的时间比我们原先希望的少。
地点 状语 从句 where、 wherever等 Where there is life,there is hope.有生命就有希望。
We'll go wherever you say.你说去哪儿我们就去哪。
Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been!
想象一下,当她看到原先石头所在之处的金币时有多么惊讶!
2. 状语从句的省略
情况 示例
当状语从句主语与主句主语一致,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略从句主语和be动词 When (he was) asking the teacher, he was polite.他向老师问问题时很有礼貌。
Send the goods now if (they are) ready.货物如已备好,请立即邮寄。
A great man, though (he is) dead, yet lives.伟大的人虽死犹生。
当从句主语是it,且谓语中含有be动词时,常省略it和be动词 I'll go there myself when (it is) possible.可能的时候我会亲自去那里。
Put a comma where (it is) needed.在需要的地方加上逗号。
The matter, if (it is) well handled, will benefit us a lot.
这件事如果处理得好,会对我们大有益处。
有些状语从句有时会省略与主句相同的成分 I shall go shopping if you don't (go).如果你不去购物,我就去。
温馨提示 after、before、because引导的状语从句无此用法。
即练即清4
1. My adviser recommended that I should sign up for advanced literature
I like English and I'm good at it. (人教B1U1)
2. China plays a greater role in global affairs, an increasing number of
international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through
this amazing language. (人教B1U5)
3. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years
and he was inspired by them to go and teach he was needed the most.
(北师大B1U1)
because/ since/as
As
where
解析
1. because/since/as 句意:我的顾问建议我报名参加高级文学,因为我喜欢并擅
长英语。设空处引导原因状语从句。
2. As 句意:随着中国在全球事务中发挥更大的作用,越来越多的国际学生开始
通过这种令人惊叹的语言来欣赏中国的文化和历史。设空处引导时间状语从
句,意为“随着”。
3. where 句意:刚开始上学时,他遇到了来自小村庄的优秀老师,他们激励他去
最需要他的地方教书。设空处引导地点状语从句。
4. it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of
life as the day it was created. (人教XB3U1)
5. we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be
gone.
Although/Though/While
If
解析
4. Although/Though/While 句意:虽然已有500多年之久,但它看起来仍然和被创
作的那一天一样栩栩如生、充满活力。设空处引导让步状语从句,且置于句首,
故填Although/Though/While。
5. If 句意:如果我们不阻止气候变化,世界上很多动物和植物将会消失。设空
处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”。
1. And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised to find
different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. (人教B3U1)
2. Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into
small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
3. Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, runs a programme
that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
(人教B2U1)
that
as/when
which
解析
1. that 句意:如果你仔细研究各种节日,你会惊奇地发现不同的文化实际上有
很多共同之处。设空处引导宾语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
2. as/when 句意:随着时间的推移,当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小块,这
样烹饪速度就会更快。设空处引导时间状语从句。故填as/when。
3. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词UNESCO
(指物),故用关系代词which。
4. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the
universe never died. This is people believe in the importance of carrying
on space exploration despite the huge risks. (人教B3U4)
5. When the train arrived at the station, they took a taxi to Lake Louise,
the blue water literally took their breath away with its exceptional beauty. (人教
XB2U4)
6. the students came from different countries, they got
along quite well in the summer camp.
because
where
Although/Though/While
解析
4. because 句意:这些灾难让每个人伤心、失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
这是因为尽管存在巨大风险,但人们相信进行太空探索很重要。设空处引导表
语从句,表示原因,故填because。
5. where 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,先行词Lake
Louise表示地点,故用关系副词where。
6. Although/Though/While 句意:尽管这些学生来自不同国家,他们在夏令营中
相处得很好。设空处引导让步状语从句,且置于句首,故填Although/Though/
While。
7. However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is
we eat it with. (北师大B1U3)
8. It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu—animal bones and
shells on symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
(人教B1U5)
9. There is concern the construction company that built the tower block had
not followed fire safety rules. (译林XB2U1)
who/whom
which
that
解析
7. who/whom 句意:然而,我们吃什么不是最重要的。重要的是我们和谁一起
吃。设空处引导表语从句,且在从句中作with的宾语,故填who/whom。
8. which on 引导定语从句,先行词animal bones and shells指物,故用关系
代词which。
9. that 句意:有人担心建造塔楼的建筑公司没有遵守消防安全规定。设空处引
导同位语从句,用于解释说明concern的具体内容,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填
that。
10. The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of
do not speak English fluently. (人教B3U3)
11. At the information desk at the entrance, I asked a lady the shoe sec-
tion was. (外研B1U2)
12. I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment
I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate. (译林XB4U4)
13. She has the window open, cold it is outside.
whom
where
when
however
解析
10. whom many of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词ethnic Chinese指人,故
用关系代词whom。
11. where 句意:在入口的问询台,我问一位女士鞋区在哪儿。设空处引导宾语
从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
12. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词the moment表示时间,故用关系副词
when。
13. however 句意:无论外面多冷,她都一直开着窗户。设空处引导让步状语从
句,意为“无论怎样”,故填however。
14. One woman tripped over the stone her water pot went crashing to the
ground. (人教B3U2)
15. These terraces(梯田) also provide a perfect environment for birds and fish, some
of feed on insects that can harm the rice crops. (外研B1U6)
16. Whether big or small, what all our choices have in common is they lead
to specific consequences. (外研XB4U1)
and
which
that
解析
14. and 句意:一个女人被石头绊倒,她的水壶摔在地上。设空处连接并列分句,
表示顺承关系,故填and。
15. which some of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词birds and fish指物,故
用关系代词which。
16. that 设空处引导表语从句,从句语义完整,不缺成分,故填that。
17. They are recording and collecting digital images of cultural relics from the
Mogao Caves, were a key stop along the Silk Road throughout China's
ancient history. (人教B2U1)
18. It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be
put into practice.
19. The Amazon River, from the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400
kilometres in length. (译林B3U1)
which
whether
which
解析
17. which 设空处引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,先行词the Mogao
Caves指物,故用关系代词which。
18. whether 句意:新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。It作形式
主语,设空处引导主语从句,表示“是否”,故填whether。
19. which from 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词The Amazon River指物,
故用关系代词which。
20. Put more simply, while people continue to argue over or not fatty
food is dangerous, we already know that sugar is a killer. (人教XB2U3)
21. Today, the caves are just as international as they were at the time
people travelled the Silk Road. (人教B2U1)
22. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's I was born.”
whether
when
where
解析
20. whether 句意:更简单来说,当人们继续争论高脂肪食物是否危险时,我们已
经知道糖是一个杀手。设空处引导介词over后的宾语从句,表示“是否”,且空
后紧跟or not,故填whether。
21. when 设空处引导定语从句,先行词time表示时间,故用关系副词when。
22. where 句意:奶奶指着那家医院说:“那就是我出生的地方。”设空处引导
表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
23. Actually, the film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard
work, most of takes place behind the scenes. (译林B2U1)
24. A simple restaurant was he usually had the same meal of sausages,
eggs and coffee. (外研XB3U2)
25. Two years ago, I was told I had a serious disease was difficult to
cure. (人教B2U5)
which
where
that/which
解析
23. which most of 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词work指物,故用关系代
词which。
24. where 句意:他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物,有香肠、鸡蛋和咖
啡。设空处引导表语从句,意为“……的地方”,故填where。
25. that/which 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代先行词disease(指
物),故用关系代词that/which。
26. Hard it was raining, they went on working in the field.
27. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then
moved and put back together again in a place they were safe from the
water. (人教B2U1)
28. you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay
motivated after one or two nights.
though/as
where
Unless
解析
26. though/as 句意:尽管雨下得很大,他们还是去田里干活了。设空处引导让步
状语从句,且从句的状语Hard置于句首,故填though/as。
27. where 设空处引导定语从句,先行词place表示地点,故用关系副词where。
28. Unless 句意:如果你睡不好,一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、计划和
保持动力的能力。设空处引导条件状语从句,意为“如果不”。故填Unless。
29. On the first day, I should want to see the people kindness and
gentleness and companionship have made my life worth living. (外研XB1U2)
30. I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and
takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
31. the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
whose
because/since/as/for
When
解析
29. whose 设空处引导定语从句,在从句中作定语,故用关系代词whose。
30. because/since/as/for 句意:我很喜欢听音乐,因为它帮助我放松,让我从一天
中的其他烦恼中解脱出来。设空处引导原因状语从句。也可以理解为设空处连
接两个并列分句,构成因果关系,故也可填for。
31. When 句意:延误的飞机什么时候能够起飞取决于天气。设空处引导主语
从句,意为“什么时候”,故填When。
32. Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers,
to he has devoted his life. (人教XB1U5)
33. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell close you
may be to victory.
34. Located the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the
Belt and Road construction.
whom
how
where
解析
32. whom to 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Chinese farmers指人,故用
关系代词whom。
33. how 句意:不要让任何失败打垮你,因为你不知道成功可能离你有多近。设
空处引导宾语从句,意为“多么”,故填how。
34. where 句意:地处“一带一路”交汇点,江苏将为“一带一路”建设贡献更
多力量。设空处引导地点状语从句。
35. Sichuan hot pots are perfect for the damp, foggy climate in they were
invented. (译林XB1U1)
36. The games my parents taught me I was a child turned out to be very
useful later in my life.
which
when
解析
35. which in 引导非限制性定语从句,先行词climate指物,故用关系代词
which。
36. when 句意:这个我小时候父母教我的游戏在我以后的生活中非常有用。设
空处引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时候”。