2026届高考英语二轮专题复习：介词课件(共46张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2026届高考英语二轮专题复习：介词课件(共46张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-12 03:25:58 | ||
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(共46张PPT)
语法清单
目 录
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2. 常见易混介词辨析
3. 常考的介词短语
综合提升练
2026届高考英语复习
介词（短语）语法讲解+综合提升练
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2. 常见易混介词辨析
3. 常考的介词短语
4.综合提升练
1.常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
about 关于(某人或物) What is she worried about 她在担心什么呢
在……各处 He looked about the hall, but saw nobody.他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。
above (数目、重要性、水平、年龄)超过,多于 The stone weighs above one ton.这块石头重一吨多。
I rate her above most other players.我认为她优于大多数参赛者。
在(或向)……上面 The whole sky above us is filled with stars.我们上方的整个天空布满了星星。
介词 用法 示例
against 紧靠;倚;撞 He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。
The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。
逆;反对(与for意义相反);违反 I don't know whether he is for or against it.我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。
与……竞争 We'll be competing against some of the best companies.
我们要和一些一流公司竞争。
以防 They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。
衬托;以……为背景 Flowers look better against green leaves.花在绿叶的衬托下更好看。
对……不利 The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。
as 作为,当作 Don't treat me as a child.别把我当小孩看待。
介词 用法 示例
at 在(某处) They arrived late at the airport.他们晚到了机场。
处于……状态 The two countries are at war.两国正在交战。
在(某时间或时刻) A woman came in just at that moment.就在那时一位妇女进来了。
在……岁时 He left school at the age of 16.他16岁便离开了学校。
(用于速度、比率等)以,达 The train runs at about 120 miles per hour.
火车以每小时大约120英里的速度行驶。
(与动词连用)对, 向,朝(目标、方向) He aimed at the target.他瞄准目标。
Don't laugh at me!不要嘲笑我!
(与形容词连用,表示能力) 在……方面 She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。
介词 用法 示例
beyond (时间)晚于,迟于 Don't stay out beyond midnight.不要在外面待到午夜以后。
(位置)在(或向)……较远
的一边 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在城外20英里处。
非……所能及;超出……
之外 This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。
Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
by 在……旁边,靠近 (与beside意义相近) Harry is standing by the window.哈里正站在窗户旁边。
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身边。
(表示方法、手段) 用,靠;通过,借助于 He makes a living by selling newspapers.他以卖报为生。
travel by boat乘船
介词 用法 示例
by 依据;按照 It is eight o'clock by my watch.我的表是8点。
与the连用,表示时间或量度单位 They are paid by the day.他们按天计酬。
(表示时间)在……之前,不迟于 Can you return the book by Monday 星期一之前你能还书吗
经过 He walked by me without speaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。
(置于不带the的名词前, 表示原因)由于 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。
He took my book by mistake.他错拿了我的书。
(常置于表示被动的动词后,表示施事者)被,由 The book was written by an American writer.
这本书是一位美国作家写的。
表示程度、数量 It needs to be longer by two feet.它需要再长两英尺。
表示触及或抓住人或物的某部位 I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。
介词 用法 示例
for 为了 What can I do for you 有什么事我可以为你效劳
对,给(表示用途、对象等) There's a letter for you.有你一封信。
向,往(表示去向) The train is for Beijing.这列火车开往北京。
计,达(表示一段时间、距离) The weather has been cold for a week.整整一个星期,天气一直很冷。
We walked for miles.我们走了好几英里路。
以……的价钱 I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars.我花五美元买了一本词典。
支持,拥护(反义词为against) No one is for the proposal.没有人支持这项提议。
因为,由于 He was praised for his good deeds.他因做好事而受到表扬。
当作 What did you have for lunch 你午饭吃的什么
就……而言 It is warm for March.就3月份而言,这天气算是暖和的了。
对于(表示陈述或问题的对象) Doing exercise is good for our health.做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。
介词 用法 示例
from (表示起点、来源)自,从,
来自…… She got a letter from her mother.她收到了她母亲的来信。
(表示开始的时间)从……开始 We're open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.我们从早8点至晚7点营业。
(表示原因)因为,由于 She felt tired from a whole day's work.她工作了一整天,感到累了。
(表示距离)离 How far is your hometown from here 你的家乡离这儿多远
(表示所用的原料)由……(制成) Wine can be made from rice.大米可以酿酒。
(表示防止)使免遭,使免受 These books were saved from damage.这些书没有遭到破坏。
(表示进行判断的原因) 根据,从……来看 Judging from his pronunciation,he is an Englishman.
从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。
(区别二者时用)与……(不同) I can't tell one twin from the other.我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
介词 用法 示例
in 在(某段时间)内 I'm getting forgetful in my old age.我现在上了年纪,变得健忘了。
在(某段时间)之后 It will be ready in a week's time.需要一周就会准备好。
在(某处) He intended to take a holiday in America.他打算在美国度假。
穿着;戴着 All the children were dressed in their best clothes.所有孩子都穿着他们最好的衣服。
表示状态或状况 I must put my affairs in order.我必须整理好我的事务。
表示使用的语言、材料等 I paid in cash.我用现金支付的。
关于;在……方面 She was not lacking in courage.她并不缺乏勇气。
介词 用法 示例
of (表示所属关系)……的 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
表示同位关系 The city of Beijing is very beautiful.北京市很美丽。
表示计量、时间或年龄 He is just a boy of ten.他只是个10岁的男孩。
表示出身、原材料 The ring is made of gold.这枚戒指是金子做的。
表示原因 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
后接抽象名词,表示性质或特征(of+抽象名词相当于形容词) I hope this book will be of value to students.
我希望这本书对学生们有帮助。
介词 用法 示例
on 在……上(尤指在某物的表面上) on the wall在墙上 on the desk在书桌上
用于说明活动或状态 She is still on holiday.她仍在休假。
关于,涉及 He will give a talk on the economic situation.
他将做一个关于经济形势的报告。
按照 You should act on his advice.你应该按照他的建议行事。
使用……,通过…… They spoke on the telephone.他们通过电话谈了谈。
(身上)带着,有 Have you got any money on you 你带钱了没有
在(某时间) on the morning of May 12 在5月12日的早晨
介词 用法 示例
over 悬在……上面 They held an umbrella over her.他们给她撑起一把伞。
多于(某时间、数量、花费等) There are over twenty students in the classroom.教室里有20多个学生。
到处,各处 The news spread all over the country.那则消息传遍了全国。
利用,通过(无线电、电话等) He learned English over the radio.他通过收音机学英语。
在……期间 We will discuss it over lunch.我们将在吃午饭时商量此事。
(部分或全部覆盖)在……上面 She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。
从一边到另一边(表示动作方向) He can climb over the wall.他能够翻过那堵墙。
than (用以引出比较的第二部分)比 I'm older than her.我比她年龄大。
till/until 到……时;直到……为止 The street is full of traffic from morning till/until night.
街上从早到晚车水马龙。
介词 用法 示例
to (表示两人或事物之间的
关系)属于,归于,关于,对于 This is the best answer to the question.这是这个问题的最佳答案。
向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处) That was my first visit to Africa.那是我对非洲的第一次访问。
到,达(某种状态) The letter reduced her to tears.这封信让她落泪了。
(引出接受者)给,予,向 Who did she address the letter to 这封信是她写给谁的
(引出受事者或受体)对于,关于 She is devoted to her family.她深深爱着自己的家庭。
(表示态度或反应) 适合,符合,致使 To my delight, his music is really to my taste.
使我高兴的是,他的音乐很合我的口味。
位于……方向 Shandong Province is to the northeast of Hubei Province.
山东省在湖北省的东北方。
介词 用法 示例
under 在(或到、通过)……下面 Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。
在……表面下(表示位置, 其反义词为over) The boat lay under several feet of water.
那条船沉在水下好几英尺处。
(数量、年龄等)小于,少于 Children under 6 are admitted free.未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。
由……控制(或管理、经营) The work was done under the direction of an architect.
这个工程是在建筑师的指挥下完成的。
受……影响;由……造成 I've been feeling under stress lately.我最近一直感到有压力。
在……过程中 The hotel is still under construction.旅馆仍在建设中。
介词 用法 示例
with 和……在一起,同 She lived with her mother.她和她母亲住在一起。
带有,具有(表示从属关系) China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
因为,由于(表示原因) His fingers were numb with cold.他的手指冻麻了。
用(工具、手段等) Don't write with a pencil.别用铅笔写。
对于,对……来说, 关于(表示对象) The teacher was quite satisfied with the student's answer.
老师对这个学生的回答相当满意。
随着 With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is
produced.随着农业和工业的发展,越来越多的垃圾产生了。
2. 常见易混介词辨析
(1)表示时间
分类 介词 用法 示例
表示 具体 时间 at 后接具体时刻、某个时间段或不含 day的节日 at daybreak at dawn at sunrise
at 7:00 at night at Christmas
in 后接上午、下午、晚上或月份、季节、年、世纪等较长时间 in January in autumn in 2024
in the 1970s in the Ming Dynasty in the morning
on 后接具体的某一天(或某天的上午、下午、晚上)、具体日期、含day的节日、星期等特定时间 on October 1st on a rainy day on National Day
on the morning of March 24th on Sunday
介词 用法 示例 介词
表示 时间段 in 意为“在……之后”(常用于一般
将来时)或“在……内”(常用于一
般过去时或一般现在时) The moon will set in about one hour or so.
月亮将会在一个小时左右落下。
She stayed in the country in the summer.
她夏天曾经在乡间住过。
for 表示行为或状态持续的时长 MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the
biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. MacBike已经存在近30年,是阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司。
She stayed in the country for the summer.
她整个夏天都是在乡间度过的。
during 强调动作的连续性,表示在整个过
程中,意为“在……期间” Not a word did they exchange during the meal.
吃饭时,他们谁也没说一句话。
介词 用法 示例 介词
表示 时间 起点 from 意为“从……起”,表示动作从
某一时间开始,常与to连用,意为 “从……到……” From her earliest childhood she loved music.
她从很小的时候起就喜欢音乐了。
The underground is open from 5 am to 11 pm.
地铁的运行时间是早上5点到晚上11点。
since 意为“自……以来”,表示动作从
过去某一时刻开始,持续到现在,通常与完成时连用 They have known each other since childhood.
他们自幼年就认识。
表示 时间 先后 before 意为“在……之前” I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
after 意为“在……之后” After a three-year pilot period, the park will be officially set up next year.经过三年的试点期后,该公园将于明年正式成立。
(2)表示方位
介词 用法 示例
in Fujian lies in the southeast of China.
福建在中国的东南部。
Hubei is/lies on the north of Hunan.
湖北位于湖南的北面。
Fujian Province lies to the south of Jiangsu Province.
福建省在江苏省的南面。
on to 介词 用法 示例
above/below The plane is flying above us.飞机正在我们上方飞。
The sun has sunk below the horizon.太阳落到地平线下。
The light hung over the table.灯悬于桌子的上方。
Write your name under your picture.
在你的照片下面写上名字。
Put it down on the table.把它放在桌子上。
over/under on 介词 用法 示例
across The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the
deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it
reaches the sea.长城从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过山谷,
蜿蜒而行,最后到达海边。
The crowd walked past the City Hall to the Centre Square.
这群人走过市政厅到达中心广场。
over past through between 在(两者)之间(常与and连用) There was a low brick wall between our garden and the field
beyond.我们的花园和外面田地之间有一道矮砖墙。
among 在(三者或三者以上)中 Butterflies fluttered among the flowers.
蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞。
3. 常考的介词短语
(1)介词+名词
类型 示例
at+n. at ease放松,不拘束 at first首先 at peace和平
at present现在 at random随意 at risk有危险,冒风险
by+n. by accident/chance偶然 by design故意 by hand手工
by heart凭记忆,背诵 by mistake错误地
in+n. in advance提前 in brief简言之 in cash用现金
in common共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债
in detail详细地 in doubt不肯定,没把握 in fact事实上
in order正常,妥当 in person 亲自 in public当众
in trouble处于困境 in turn轮流;转而
类型 示例
on+n. on average平均 on business出差 on occasion偶尔
on duty值班 on guard值班,警戒 on purpose故意
on sale出售 on show/display展览 on strike在罢工
out of+n. out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体状况不佳 out of control不受控制
out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障
out of sight看不到 out of work失业
under+n. under attack被攻击 under consideration在考虑 under control处于控制之下
under discussion在讨论 under repair在维修
with+n. with difficulty费力地 with ease轻易,毫不费劲 with pleasure非常愿意
with satisfaction满意地
类型 示例
in+n.+of in fear of害怕 in charge of负责 in honor/memory of纪念
in need/want of需要 in place of代替 in possession of拥有
in search of寻找 in case of如果 in terms of就……而言
in respect of关于 in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
(2)名词+介词
类型 示例
n.+for an excuse for……的理由 the need for对……的需要 the reason for……的原因
the request for对……的要求 the respect for对……的尊重 the talent for……天赋
n.+from absence from缺席 an escape from从……逃离
n.+in the interest in对……的兴趣 progress in在……方面的进步 success in在……取得成功
n.+of lack of缺乏
n.+on the attack on对……的攻击 congratulations on对……的祝贺 the dependence on对……的依赖
an effect on对……的影响 an impression on对……的印象 an influence on对……的影响
concentration on关注
类型 示例
n.+to the access to接触……的机会 the answer to……的答案 the approach to……的方法
the attitude to对……的态度 the home to……的家园 the key to……的关键
the solution to……的解决办法
(3)动词+介词
类型 示例
v.+about complain about抱怨 learn about了解 set about着手做
talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
v.+after chase/run after追赶 look after照顾 take after(长相、举止或性格)像
v.+at aim at瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at敲laugh at嘲笑
shout at 冲……嚷 stare at盯着
v.+for account for(数量上)占 apply for 申请 ask for询问
long for渴望 look for寻找 pay for为……付钱
seek for 寻找 search for搜寻 stand for代表
类型 示例
v.+from differ from与……不同 hear from收到……的来信 keep/prevent/stop from阻止
learn from向……学习 separate from与……分离 suffer from遭受
v.+in believe in相信 fill in填写 give in屈服
hand in上交 participate in参加 result in导致
v.+of consist of由……组成 speak of谈到
v.+on call on 呼吁 carry on继续 depend/rely on依赖
feed on以……为食 insist on坚持 reflect on认真思考
类型 示例
v.+to admit to承认 apologize to向……道歉 belong to 属于
compare to 与……相比 devote to致力于 lead to导致
refer to指;谈到 stick to坚持 urn to求助于
v.+with agree with同意 argue with与……争吵 communicate with与……交流
compare with与……相比 deal with处理 share with 与……分享
v.+adv.+ prep. catch up with追赶上 come up with想出 date/go back to追溯到
get away from远离 get down to着手处理 look down on/upon瞧不起
make up for弥补 put up with忍受 run out of用完,耗尽
v.+n.+prep. catch sight of看见 make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意
take care of照顾 take part in参加
(4)形容词+介词
类型 示例
adj.+about be curious about对……好奇 be enthusiastic about对……热情
be serious about对……严肃对待 be worried about对……担忧
adj.+at be amazed/astonished/shocked at对……感到吃惊 be bad/good at不擅长/擅长
adj.+from be different from与……不同 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免于
adj.+for be bad for对……有害 be convenient for对……方便 be eager for渴望
be fit for适合 be hungry for渴望 be ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责 be thankful for因……而感激
类型 示例
adj.+in be weak in不擅长 be rich in富含 be dressed in 穿着
be absorbed in专心于 be experienced in对……有经验
adj.+of be ashamed of为……感到羞耻 be aware of意识到 be proud of为……而骄傲
be short of缺乏 be sick of厌烦 be tired of厌倦
be worthy of值得 be free of不受……影响
adj.+on be dependent on取决于 be keen on喜欢,热衷于
adj.+to be addicted to对……上瘾 be accustomed to习惯于 be contrary to与……相反
be equal to等于 be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to与……相似
adj.+with be content with 对……满足 be crowded with挤满 be familiar with对……熟悉
be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心
1. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and
use words I'm not familiar . (人教XB2U2)
2. Four years had disappeared a flash. I stood with my certificate in
hand and reflected those four years. (译林XB4U4)
3. We are specially trained clowns who work part of a programme known as
“hospital clowning”. (外研XB1U1)
with
in/like
on
as
解析
1. with 句意:当我迷路时,我不得不向路人求助,但是这里的人讲话语速很快,而
且使用我不熟悉的单词。固定短语be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”。
2. in/like;on 句意:四年时间一晃而过。我手拿证书伫立着,回忆那四年的时
光。固定短语in/like a flash意为“转瞬间,立刻”;reflect on意为“认真思考”。
3. as 句意:我们是受过专门培训的小丑,是“医院小丑”项目的成员。as意为
“作为”,表示身份。work as意为“担任;以……身份工作”。
4. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties a person who is
brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! (人教XB2U2)
5. I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I
was a bit lazy, especially maths. (北师大XB1U1)
6. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he
would retire to a life leisure. (人教XB1U5)
for
in
of
解析
4. for 句意:我总是告诫我儿子,对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说,世上无难
事!for意为“对于”,后接对象。
5. in 句意:在遇到詹金斯先生以前,我不是很擅长大多数科目。我想我有点懒
惰,特别是在数学方面。in意为“在……方面”。
6. of 句意:鉴于袁隆平种植的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退
休享受悠闲的生活。of后接抽象名词表示性质或特征。a life of leisure意为“悠
闲的生活”。
7. his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a
musician: he started to lose his hearing. (译林XB1U2)
8. Where technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is
sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the
unexpected. (外研XB1U4)
9. From the ancient simple advertisements painted on outdoor signs the
colourful,interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have
developed hand in hand. (译林XB2U1)
In
for
to
解析
7. In 句意:贝多芬在快三十岁的时候经受了对音乐家来说最为残酷的挫折之
一:他的听觉开始衰退了。in one's late twenties意为“在某人快三十岁时”。
8. for 句意:科技接下来将会推动艺术发展至何种地步,谁也说不准。但唯一确
定的是:随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性,我们一定可以期待意外之喜。固定
搭配for sure意为“确定的”。
9. to 句意:从古代画在户外招牌上简单的广告到智能手机应用程序里丰富多
彩的交互式广告,广告一直与大众传媒携手发展。from...to...意为“从……到
……”。
10. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges them-
selves and may become depressed. (人教XB2U2)
11. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access children's minds
when they are open and eager to learn. (北师大XB1U1)
12. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they
are most interested , but it will also help companies target their customers
more efficiently to have a positive effect sales. (译林XB2U1)
by
to
in
on
解析
10. by 句意:另一些学生还不够成熟,无法独立应对各种挑战,可能因而感到苦
闷。固定搭配by oneself意为“独立地”。
11. to 句意:做一名教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时
候,走进他们的心灵。固定搭配have access to意为“有接触……的机会”。
12. in;on 句意:这不仅会让他们觉得自己更受重视,使他们能够看到自己最感
兴趣的内容,还能帮助公司更有效地锁定目标客户,从而对销量产生积极影响。
固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”;have a positive effect on...意为
“对……有积极影响”。
13. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world peo-
ple like Bacon and Galilei. (北师大XB2U5改)
14. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar each other.
(外研XB1U5)
15. The history of the game goes back over two thousand years Ancient
China. (外研B2U3)
16. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them
food. (外研B2U6)
to
to
to
for
解析
13. to 句意:我们对世界的认识和理解很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这
样的人。固定搭配owe sth. to sb.意为“把某事归功于某人”。
14. to 句意:他注意到,有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。固定搭配be similar
to意为“与……相似”。
15. to 句意:这种运动的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。固定搭配go
back to意为“追溯到”。
16. for 句意:塑料袋会变成垃圾,对把其错当成食物的野生动物构成危害。固
定搭配mistake... for...意为“把……错当成……”。
17. In addition silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive
worldwide trade.
18. The minimalist interiors are dressed modern furnishings and natural ma-
terials.
19. Recognized by UNESCO on December 17, 2020 an Intangible Cultural
Heritage, tai chi's global appeal has only grown.
to
in
as
解析
17. to 句意:除了丝绸和茶以外,瓷器是首批被交易到全世界的产品之一。固定
搭配in addition to意为“除了”。
18. in 句意:极简风格的室内空间采用现代陈设和天然材料进行布置。in表示
使用的方式和材料。
19. as 句意:太极拳于2020年12月17日被联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化
遗产,它在全球的吸引力与日俱增。be recognized as 意为“被认作……”。
20. Another indication of the benefits gained the DreamWorks-Reliance
Entertainment partnership is their agreement to continue the relationship.
21. Many stylish shops have popped up the busy streets and traditional
courtyard houses.
from
among
解析
20. from 句意:梦工厂与信实娱乐合作关系所带来益处的另一个体现是双方同
意继续维持这一合作关系。gain from...意为“从……中获得”,此处指从梦工厂
和信实娱乐的合作关系中所获得的益处。
21. among 句意:许多时尚的商店突然出现在繁忙的街道和传统四合院中。
among意为“在……之中”,此处表示在繁忙的街道和传统的四合院中。故填
among。
语法清单
目 录
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2. 常见易混介词辨析
3. 常考的介词短语
综合提升练
2026届高考英语复习
介词（短语）语法讲解+综合提升练
1. 常考介词的基本用法
2. 常见易混介词辨析
3. 常考的介词短语
4.综合提升练
1.常考介词的基本用法
介词 用法 示例
about 关于(某人或物) What is she worried about 她在担心什么呢
在……各处 He looked about the hall, but saw nobody.他环顾大厅,可是一个人也没看见。
above (数目、重要性、水平、年龄)超过,多于 The stone weighs above one ton.这块石头重一吨多。
I rate her above most other players.我认为她优于大多数参赛者。
在(或向)……上面 The whole sky above us is filled with stars.我们上方的整个天空布满了星星。
介词 用法 示例
against 紧靠;倚;撞 He stood with his back against the wall.他背靠墙站着。
The rain beat against the windows.雨点击打着窗户。
逆;反对(与for意义相反);违反 I don't know whether he is for or against it.我不知道他是赞成还是反对它。
与……竞争 We'll be competing against some of the best companies.
我们要和一些一流公司竞争。
以防 They have got prepared against flood.他们已经做好了防洪准备。
衬托;以……为背景 Flowers look better against green leaves.花在绿叶的衬托下更好看。
对……不利 The evidence is against him.证据对他不利。
as 作为,当作 Don't treat me as a child.别把我当小孩看待。
介词 用法 示例
at 在(某处) They arrived late at the airport.他们晚到了机场。
处于……状态 The two countries are at war.两国正在交战。
在(某时间或时刻) A woman came in just at that moment.就在那时一位妇女进来了。
在……岁时 He left school at the age of 16.他16岁便离开了学校。
(用于速度、比率等)以,达 The train runs at about 120 miles per hour.
火车以每小时大约120英里的速度行驶。
(与动词连用)对, 向,朝(目标、方向) He aimed at the target.他瞄准目标。
Don't laugh at me!不要嘲笑我!
(与形容词连用,表示能力) 在……方面 She is good at playing the piano.她擅长弹钢琴。
介词 用法 示例
beyond (时间)晚于,迟于 Don't stay out beyond midnight.不要在外面待到午夜以后。
(位置)在(或向)……较远
的一边 The small village is 20 miles beyond the town.
那个小村庄在城外20英里处。
非……所能及;超出……
之外 This book is beyond me.这本书我看不懂。
Her work is beyond praise.她的工作令人赞不绝口。
Our success was far beyond what we thought possible.
我们的成功远远超出了我们的估计范围。
by 在……旁边,靠近 (与beside意义相近) Harry is standing by the window.哈里正站在窗户旁边。
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我身边。
(表示方法、手段) 用,靠;通过,借助于 He makes a living by selling newspapers.他以卖报为生。
travel by boat乘船
介词 用法 示例
by 依据;按照 It is eight o'clock by my watch.我的表是8点。
与the连用,表示时间或量度单位 They are paid by the day.他们按天计酬。
(表示时间)在……之前,不迟于 Can you return the book by Monday 星期一之前你能还书吗
经过 He walked by me without speaking.他一言不发地从我身边走过。
(置于不带the的名词前, 表示原因)由于 They met by chance.他们不期而遇。
He took my book by mistake.他错拿了我的书。
(常置于表示被动的动词后,表示施事者)被,由 The book was written by an American writer.
这本书是一位美国作家写的。
表示程度、数量 It needs to be longer by two feet.它需要再长两英尺。
表示触及或抓住人或物的某部位 I took him by the hand.我拉着他的手。
介词 用法 示例
for 为了 What can I do for you 有什么事我可以为你效劳
对,给(表示用途、对象等) There's a letter for you.有你一封信。
向,往(表示去向) The train is for Beijing.这列火车开往北京。
计,达(表示一段时间、距离) The weather has been cold for a week.整整一个星期,天气一直很冷。
We walked for miles.我们走了好几英里路。
以……的价钱 I bought a dictionary for 5 dollars.我花五美元买了一本词典。
支持,拥护(反义词为against) No one is for the proposal.没有人支持这项提议。
因为,由于 He was praised for his good deeds.他因做好事而受到表扬。
当作 What did you have for lunch 你午饭吃的什么
就……而言 It is warm for March.就3月份而言,这天气算是暖和的了。
对于(表示陈述或问题的对象) Doing exercise is good for our health.做运动对我们的健康是有好处的。
介词 用法 示例
from (表示起点、来源)自,从,
来自…… She got a letter from her mother.她收到了她母亲的来信。
(表示开始的时间)从……开始 We're open from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m.我们从早8点至晚7点营业。
(表示原因)因为,由于 She felt tired from a whole day's work.她工作了一整天,感到累了。
(表示距离)离 How far is your hometown from here 你的家乡离这儿多远
(表示所用的原料)由……(制成) Wine can be made from rice.大米可以酿酒。
(表示防止)使免遭,使免受 These books were saved from damage.这些书没有遭到破坏。
(表示进行判断的原因) 根据,从……来看 Judging from his pronunciation,he is an Englishman.
从他的发音判断,他是英格兰人。
(区别二者时用)与……(不同) I can't tell one twin from the other.我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
介词 用法 示例
in 在(某段时间)内 I'm getting forgetful in my old age.我现在上了年纪,变得健忘了。
在(某段时间)之后 It will be ready in a week's time.需要一周就会准备好。
在(某处) He intended to take a holiday in America.他打算在美国度假。
穿着;戴着 All the children were dressed in their best clothes.所有孩子都穿着他们最好的衣服。
表示状态或状况 I must put my affairs in order.我必须整理好我的事务。
表示使用的语言、材料等 I paid in cash.我用现金支付的。
关于;在……方面 She was not lacking in courage.她并不缺乏勇气。
介词 用法 示例
of (表示所属关系)……的 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
表示同位关系 The city of Beijing is very beautiful.北京市很美丽。
表示计量、时间或年龄 He is just a boy of ten.他只是个10岁的男孩。
表示出身、原材料 The ring is made of gold.这枚戒指是金子做的。
表示原因 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。
后接抽象名词,表示性质或特征(of+抽象名词相当于形容词) I hope this book will be of value to students.
我希望这本书对学生们有帮助。
介词 用法 示例
on 在……上(尤指在某物的表面上) on the wall在墙上 on the desk在书桌上
用于说明活动或状态 She is still on holiday.她仍在休假。
关于,涉及 He will give a talk on the economic situation.
他将做一个关于经济形势的报告。
按照 You should act on his advice.你应该按照他的建议行事。
使用……,通过…… They spoke on the telephone.他们通过电话谈了谈。
(身上)带着,有 Have you got any money on you 你带钱了没有
在(某时间) on the morning of May 12 在5月12日的早晨
介词 用法 示例
over 悬在……上面 They held an umbrella over her.他们给她撑起一把伞。
多于(某时间、数量、花费等) There are over twenty students in the classroom.教室里有20多个学生。
到处,各处 The news spread all over the country.那则消息传遍了全国。
利用,通过(无线电、电话等) He learned English over the radio.他通过收音机学英语。
在……期间 We will discuss it over lunch.我们将在吃午饭时商量此事。
(部分或全部覆盖)在……上面 She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她给睡着的孩子盖上了毯子。
从一边到另一边(表示动作方向) He can climb over the wall.他能够翻过那堵墙。
than (用以引出比较的第二部分)比 I'm older than her.我比她年龄大。
till/until 到……时;直到……为止 The street is full of traffic from morning till/until night.
街上从早到晚车水马龙。
介词 用法 示例
to (表示两人或事物之间的
关系)属于,归于,关于,对于 This is the best answer to the question.这是这个问题的最佳答案。
向,朝,往,对着(某方向或某处) That was my first visit to Africa.那是我对非洲的第一次访问。
到,达(某种状态) The letter reduced her to tears.这封信让她落泪了。
(引出接受者)给,予,向 Who did she address the letter to 这封信是她写给谁的
(引出受事者或受体)对于,关于 She is devoted to her family.她深深爱着自己的家庭。
(表示态度或反应) 适合,符合,致使 To my delight, his music is really to my taste.
使我高兴的是,他的音乐很合我的口味。
位于……方向 Shandong Province is to the northeast of Hubei Province.
山东省在湖北省的东北方。
介词 用法 示例
under 在(或到、通过)……下面 Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.
雷雨天气时不要站在树底下。
在……表面下(表示位置, 其反义词为over) The boat lay under several feet of water.
那条船沉在水下好几英尺处。
(数量、年龄等)小于,少于 Children under 6 are admitted free.未满6岁的儿童可免费入场。
由……控制(或管理、经营) The work was done under the direction of an architect.
这个工程是在建筑师的指挥下完成的。
受……影响;由……造成 I've been feeling under stress lately.我最近一直感到有压力。
在……过程中 The hotel is still under construction.旅馆仍在建设中。
介词 用法 示例
with 和……在一起,同 She lived with her mother.她和她母亲住在一起。
带有,具有(表示从属关系) China is a country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。
因为,由于(表示原因) His fingers were numb with cold.他的手指冻麻了。
用(工具、手段等) Don't write with a pencil.别用铅笔写。
对于,对……来说, 关于(表示对象) The teacher was quite satisfied with the student's answer.
老师对这个学生的回答相当满意。
随着 With the development of agriculture and industry, more and more waste is
produced.随着农业和工业的发展,越来越多的垃圾产生了。
2. 常见易混介词辨析
(1)表示时间
分类 介词 用法 示例
表示 具体 时间 at 后接具体时刻、某个时间段或不含 day的节日 at daybreak at dawn at sunrise
at 7:00 at night at Christmas
in 后接上午、下午、晚上或月份、季节、年、世纪等较长时间 in January in autumn in 2024
in the 1970s in the Ming Dynasty in the morning
on 后接具体的某一天(或某天的上午、下午、晚上)、具体日期、含day的节日、星期等特定时间 on October 1st on a rainy day on National Day
on the morning of March 24th on Sunday
介词 用法 示例 介词
表示 时间段 in 意为“在……之后”(常用于一般
将来时)或“在……内”(常用于一
般过去时或一般现在时) The moon will set in about one hour or so.
月亮将会在一个小时左右落下。
She stayed in the country in the summer.
她夏天曾经在乡间住过。
for 表示行为或状态持续的时长 MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the
biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. MacBike已经存在近30年,是阿姆斯特丹最大的自行车租赁公司。
She stayed in the country for the summer.
她整个夏天都是在乡间度过的。
during 强调动作的连续性,表示在整个过
程中,意为“在……期间” Not a word did they exchange during the meal.
吃饭时,他们谁也没说一句话。
介词 用法 示例 介词
表示 时间 起点 from 意为“从……起”,表示动作从
某一时间开始,常与to连用,意为 “从……到……” From her earliest childhood she loved music.
她从很小的时候起就喜欢音乐了。
The underground is open from 5 am to 11 pm.
地铁的运行时间是早上5点到晚上11点。
since 意为“自……以来”,表示动作从
过去某一时刻开始,持续到现在,通常与完成时连用 They have known each other since childhood.
他们自幼年就认识。
表示 时间 先后 before 意为“在……之前” I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。
after 意为“在……之后” After a three-year pilot period, the park will be officially set up next year.经过三年的试点期后,该公园将于明年正式成立。
(2)表示方位
介词 用法 示例
in Fujian lies in the southeast of China.
福建在中国的东南部。
Hubei is/lies on the north of Hunan.
湖北位于湖南的北面。
Fujian Province lies to the south of Jiangsu Province.
福建省在江苏省的南面。
on to 介词 用法 示例
above/below The plane is flying above us.飞机正在我们上方飞。
The sun has sunk below the horizon.太阳落到地平线下。
The light hung over the table.灯悬于桌子的上方。
Write your name under your picture.
在你的照片下面写上名字。
Put it down on the table.把它放在桌子上。
over/under on 介词 用法 示例
across The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across the
deserts, over the mountains, through the valleys, till at last it
reaches the sea.长城从西到东,穿过沙漠,越过高山,跨过山谷,
蜿蜒而行,最后到达海边。
The crowd walked past the City Hall to the Centre Square.
这群人走过市政厅到达中心广场。
over past through between 在(两者)之间(常与and连用) There was a low brick wall between our garden and the field
beyond.我们的花园和外面田地之间有一道矮砖墙。
among 在(三者或三者以上)中 Butterflies fluttered among the flowers.
蝴蝶在花丛中飞舞。
3. 常考的介词短语
(1)介词+名词
类型 示例
at+n. at ease放松,不拘束 at first首先 at peace和平
at present现在 at random随意 at risk有危险,冒风险
by+n. by accident/chance偶然 by design故意 by hand手工
by heart凭记忆,背诵 by mistake错误地
in+n. in advance提前 in brief简言之 in cash用现金
in common共同 in danger处于危险中 in debt负债
in detail详细地 in doubt不肯定,没把握 in fact事实上
in order正常,妥当 in person 亲自 in public当众
in trouble处于困境 in turn轮流;转而
类型 示例
on+n. on average平均 on business出差 on occasion偶尔
on duty值班 on guard值班,警戒 on purpose故意
on sale出售 on show/display展览 on strike在罢工
out of+n. out of breath气喘吁吁 out of condition身体状况不佳 out of control不受控制
out of debt不欠债 out of fashion不流行 out of order出故障
out of sight看不到 out of work失业
under+n. under attack被攻击 under consideration在考虑 under control处于控制之下
under discussion在讨论 under repair在维修
with+n. with difficulty费力地 with ease轻易,毫不费劲 with pleasure非常愿意
with satisfaction满意地
类型 示例
in+n.+of in fear of害怕 in charge of负责 in honor/memory of纪念
in need/want of需要 in place of代替 in possession of拥有
in search of寻找 in case of如果 in terms of就……而言
in respect of关于 in spite of尽管 in praise of赞扬
(2)名词+介词
类型 示例
n.+for an excuse for……的理由 the need for对……的需要 the reason for……的原因
the request for对……的要求 the respect for对……的尊重 the talent for……天赋
n.+from absence from缺席 an escape from从……逃离
n.+in the interest in对……的兴趣 progress in在……方面的进步 success in在……取得成功
n.+of lack of缺乏
n.+on the attack on对……的攻击 congratulations on对……的祝贺 the dependence on对……的依赖
an effect on对……的影响 an impression on对……的印象 an influence on对……的影响
concentration on关注
类型 示例
n.+to the access to接触……的机会 the answer to……的答案 the approach to……的方法
the attitude to对……的态度 the home to……的家园 the key to……的关键
the solution to……的解决办法
(3)动词+介词
类型 示例
v.+about complain about抱怨 learn about了解 set about着手做
talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
v.+after chase/run after追赶 look after照顾 take after(长相、举止或性格)像
v.+at aim at瞄准 glance at 瞥 knock at敲laugh at嘲笑
shout at 冲……嚷 stare at盯着
v.+for account for(数量上)占 apply for 申请 ask for询问
long for渴望 look for寻找 pay for为……付钱
seek for 寻找 search for搜寻 stand for代表
类型 示例
v.+from differ from与……不同 hear from收到……的来信 keep/prevent/stop from阻止
learn from向……学习 separate from与……分离 suffer from遭受
v.+in believe in相信 fill in填写 give in屈服
hand in上交 participate in参加 result in导致
v.+of consist of由……组成 speak of谈到
v.+on call on 呼吁 carry on继续 depend/rely on依赖
feed on以……为食 insist on坚持 reflect on认真思考
类型 示例
v.+to admit to承认 apologize to向……道歉 belong to 属于
compare to 与……相比 devote to致力于 lead to导致
refer to指;谈到 stick to坚持 urn to求助于
v.+with agree with同意 argue with与……争吵 communicate with与……交流
compare with与……相比 deal with处理 share with 与……分享
v.+adv.+ prep. catch up with追赶上 come up with想出 date/go back to追溯到
get away from远离 get down to着手处理 look down on/upon瞧不起
make up for弥补 put up with忍受 run out of用完,耗尽
v.+n.+prep. catch sight of看见 make fun of取笑 pay attention to注意
take care of照顾 take part in参加
(4)形容词+介词
类型 示例
adj.+about be curious about对……好奇 be enthusiastic about对……热情
be serious about对……严肃对待 be worried about对……担忧
adj.+at be amazed/astonished/shocked at对……感到吃惊 be bad/good at不擅长/擅长
adj.+from be different from与……不同 be free from不受……影响 be safe from免于
adj.+for be bad for对……有害 be convenient for对……方便 be eager for渴望
be fit for适合 be hungry for渴望 be ready for为……做好准备
be responsible for对……负责 be thankful for因……而感激
类型 示例
adj.+in be weak in不擅长 be rich in富含 be dressed in 穿着
be absorbed in专心于 be experienced in对……有经验
adj.+of be ashamed of为……感到羞耻 be aware of意识到 be proud of为……而骄傲
be short of缺乏 be sick of厌烦 be tired of厌倦
be worthy of值得 be free of不受……影响
adj.+on be dependent on取决于 be keen on喜欢,热衷于
adj.+to be addicted to对……上瘾 be accustomed to习惯于 be contrary to与……相反
be equal to等于 be harmful to 对……有害 be similar to与……相似
adj.+with be content with 对……满足 be crowded with挤满 be familiar with对……熟悉
be popular with受……欢迎 be patient with对……有耐心
1. When I got lost, I had to ask passers-by for help, but people here speak fast and
use words I'm not familiar . (人教XB2U2)
2. Four years had disappeared a flash. I stood with my certificate in
hand and reflected those four years. (译林XB4U4)
3. We are specially trained clowns who work part of a programme known as
“hospital clowning”. (外研XB1U1)
with
in/like
on
as
解析
1. with 句意:当我迷路时,我不得不向路人求助,但是这里的人讲话语速很快,而
且使用我不熟悉的单词。固定短语be familiar with意为“对……熟悉”。
2. in/like;on 句意:四年时间一晃而过。我手拿证书伫立着,回忆那四年的时
光。固定短语in/like a flash意为“转瞬间,立刻”;reflect on意为“认真思考”。
3. as 句意:我们是受过专门培训的小丑,是“医院小丑”项目的成员。as意为
“作为”,表示身份。work as意为“担任;以……身份工作”。
4. As I always tell my son, there are no great difficulties a person who is
brave, optimistic, and willing to work hard! (人教XB2U2)
5. I wasn't very good at most school subjects before I met Mr Jenkins. I suppose I
was a bit lazy, especially maths. (北师大XB1U1)
6. Given that Yuan's hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he
would retire to a life leisure. (人教XB1U5)
for
in
of
解析
4. for 句意:我总是告诫我儿子,对勇敢、乐观、愿意拼搏的人来说,世上无难
事!for意为“对于”,后接对象。
5. in 句意:在遇到詹金斯先生以前,我不是很擅长大多数科目。我想我有点懒
惰,特别是在数学方面。in意为“在……方面”。
6. of 句意:鉴于袁隆平种植的杂交水稻让他变得相当富有,有人会认为他会退
休享受悠闲的生活。of后接抽象名词表示性质或特征。a life of leisure意为“悠
闲的生活”。
7. his late twenties, Beethoven suffered one of the worst possible twists for a
musician: he started to lose his hearing. (译林XB1U2)
8. Where technology will take art next is anyone's guess. But one thing is
sure—with so many artists exploring new possibilities, we can definitely expect the
unexpected. (外研XB1U4)
9. From the ancient simple advertisements painted on outdoor signs the
colourful,interactive ones in smartphone apps, advertising and the mass media have
developed hand in hand. (译林XB2U1)
In
for
to
解析
7. In 句意:贝多芬在快三十岁的时候经受了对音乐家来说最为残酷的挫折之
一:他的听觉开始衰退了。in one's late twenties意为“在某人快三十岁时”。
8. for 句意:科技接下来将会推动艺术发展至何种地步,谁也说不准。但唯一确
定的是:随着众多艺术家探索全新的可能性,我们一定可以期待意外之喜。固定
搭配for sure意为“确定的”。
9. to 句意:从古代画在户外招牌上简单的广告到智能手机应用程序里丰富多
彩的交互式广告,广告一直与大众传媒携手发展。from...to...意为“从……到
……”。
10. Other students are not mature enough to handle the challenges them-
selves and may become depressed. (人教XB2U2)
11. The thing about being a teacher is that you have access children's minds
when they are open and eager to learn. (北师大XB1U1)
12. Not only will this make them feel more valued and enable them to see what they
are most interested , but it will also help companies target their customers
more efficiently to have a positive effect sales. (译林XB2U1)
by
to
in
on
解析
10. by 句意:另一些学生还不够成熟,无法独立应对各种挑战,可能因而感到苦
闷。固定搭配by oneself意为“独立地”。
11. to 句意:做一名教师意味着,你有机会在孩子们敞开心扉、渴望学习的时
候,走进他们的心灵。固定搭配have access to意为“有接触……的机会”。
12. in;on 句意:这不仅会让他们觉得自己更受重视,使他们能够看到自己最感
兴趣的内容,还能帮助公司更有效地锁定目标客户,从而对销量产生积极影响。
固定搭配be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”;have a positive effect on...意为
“对……有积极影响”。
13. We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world peo-
ple like Bacon and Galilei. (北师大XB2U5改)
14. He noticed that some species of animals were very similar each other.
(外研XB1U5)
15. The history of the game goes back over two thousand years Ancient
China. (外研B2U3)
16. Plastic bags cause litter and are a danger to wild animals, which mistake them
food. (外研B2U6)
to
to
to
for
解析
13. to 句意:我们对世界的认识和理解很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利略这
样的人。固定搭配owe sth. to sb.意为“把某事归功于某人”。
14. to 句意:他注意到,有些不同物种的动物彼此间很相似。固定搭配be similar
to意为“与……相似”。
15. to 句意:这种运动的历史可以追溯到两千多年前的古代中国。固定搭配go
back to意为“追溯到”。
16. for 句意:塑料袋会变成垃圾,对把其错当成食物的野生动物构成危害。固
定搭配mistake... for...意为“把……错当成……”。
17. In addition silk and tea, porcelain was one of the first products to receive
worldwide trade.
18. The minimalist interiors are dressed modern furnishings and natural ma-
terials.
19. Recognized by UNESCO on December 17, 2020 an Intangible Cultural
Heritage, tai chi's global appeal has only grown.
to
in
as
解析
17. to 句意:除了丝绸和茶以外,瓷器是首批被交易到全世界的产品之一。固定
搭配in addition to意为“除了”。
18. in 句意:极简风格的室内空间采用现代陈设和天然材料进行布置。in表示
使用的方式和材料。
19. as 句意:太极拳于2020年12月17日被联合国教科文组织认定为非物质文化
遗产,它在全球的吸引力与日俱增。be recognized as 意为“被认作……”。
20. Another indication of the benefits gained the DreamWorks-Reliance
Entertainment partnership is their agreement to continue the relationship.
21. Many stylish shops have popped up the busy streets and traditional
courtyard houses.
from
among
解析
20. from 句意:梦工厂与信实娱乐合作关系所带来益处的另一个体现是双方同
意继续维持这一合作关系。gain from...意为“从……中获得”,此处指从梦工厂
和信实娱乐的合作关系中所获得的益处。
21. among 句意:许多时尚的商店突然出现在繁忙的街道和传统四合院中。
among意为“在……之中”,此处表示在繁忙的街道和传统的四合院中。故填
among。