Unit 5 Languages around the world 课件-(共86张PPT)人教版(2019)必修第一册

(共86张PPT)
LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
(Words and Expressions)
UNIT 5
billion
native
attitude
reference
billion / b lj n/ n.十亿
1. 表示具体数字时，用单数
3 billion
2. 表示泛指，用复数，加s ：
billions of 数十亿
3. 口诀：有数字，无s；无数字，加s
词汇积累
millionaire 百万富翁
billionaire 亿万富翁
native / ne t v/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的
n.本地人
a native of... ……的本地人
be native to 原产于
3. a native speaker 母语者
4. native language 母语
5. go native 入乡随俗
nation n.国家，民族
national adj.国家的
nationality n. 国籍
=local
The giant panda is native ________ China.
Her uncle is a native ________ Shanghai.
to
of
【即学即练】
native / ne t v/ adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的
n.本地人
China is our native country，and Chinese is our native language.
中国是我们的祖国，汉语是我们的母语。
The tiger is native to India.
这种老虎产于印度。
attitude / t tju:d/ n.态度；看法
1. a positive/negative attitude to/towards 对…积极态度/消极态度
2. have/take/adopt a(n) ... attitude to/towards ... 对……持……态度
3. 姿势 take up an attitude 摆出某种姿势
altitude海拔高度
latitude纬度
longitude经度
multitude大量；群众
attitude / t tju:d/ n.态度；看法
尽力对每件事情都持积极的态度，停止抱怨。
Try to have a positive attitude to/towards everything and stop complaining.
【即学即练】
①正是你对工作不好的态度使你父母生气。
It was　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that made your parents angry.
②无论你面临什么问题，都应该对工作有积极的态度。
No matter what problems you are faced with，you should
________________________________________.
your bad attitude towards/to your work
have a positive attitude towards/to your work
参考书
in / with reference to...关于...;根据...而论
查词典
refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer to A as B 将A看做成/称作B
reference / refr ns / n.指称关系；参考
refer (referred , referred，referring)
vi. 提到；参考；查阅
vt. 查询;叫…求助于
refer to a dictionary
reference books
The official referred to the rescue workers several times at the meeting.
For more information, you can refer to China Daily's official website.
When I said some people were stupid, I wasn't referring to you.
As far as I know, he is referred to as a living Lei Feng
提到
查阅
指的是
把……称作
【即学即练】
reference / refr ns / n.指称关系；参考
reference / refr ns / n.指称关系；参考
1. I have nothing to say in 　　　　　　　(refer) to that incident.
2. Tradition also refers 　　　　　the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
reference　
to　
Please refer to the dictionary if you don’t know how to pronounce the word.
如果你不知道这个单词如何发音，请查字典。
He is referred to as a living Lei Feng.
他被称作活雷锋。
system / s st m / n. 体系；制度；系统
The new computer system is very efficient.
systematic adj.有系统的；有计划的
systematically adv. 有系统地；有条理地
despite /d spa t/ prep. 即使；尽管
= regardless of = in spite of
despite the fact that 尽管…
in spite of ＋n./doing sth ＝ despite＋n./ doing sth
可以转换成though/although 引导的从句
尽管他申请了数百个工作，但仍然在失业中。
Despite applying for hundreds of jobs, he is still out of work.
He always did well at school despite/in spite of doing part-time jobs every now and then.
= He always did well at school although/though he did part-time jobs every now and then.
despite /d spa t/ prep. 即使；尽管
【即学即练】
尽管下着大雨，他还是出去了
He went out ___________ the heavy rain.
__________________________ it’s raining heavily,he went out.
尽管他喊叫，却没有人来帮助他。
Despite , no one came to his aid.
Even if ,no one came to his aid
despite
Even if/though, Although
his cries
he was crying
ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
Life is full of ups and downs, but we must keep going.
pros and cons 利弊；优缺点
factor / f kt (r)/ n. 因素；要素
要记住自信是成功的关键因素。
Remember that confidence is the key factor in success.
Exercise is an important factor in achieving good health.
关键的/至关重要的/决定性因素
the key/crucial/deciding factor
base/be s/ vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；总部，基地
1. base...on/upon...把…建立在…基础之上
2. be based on/upon以……为基础;依据……
3. on the basis of 在……基础上，根据
4. on a regular/daily basis 定期/每天
这本书讲的是一个真实的故事。
based adj. 以(某事)为基础的
basic adj. 基本的；基础的
basically adv. 基本上；总的说来
basis (pl.bases) n.基础
This book is based on a true story.
①One should always base his opinion ________ facts.
②They have to have a ________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
③The film is based on a true story, and it is very popular.(非谓语形式)
→__________ a true story, the film is very popular.
on
basic
Based on
These days, I, together with my classmates, have adapted a short play based on the English text.
【即学即练】
base/be s/ vt. 以…为据点；以……为基础 n. 底部；总部，基地
date back (to ...) 追溯到
1. date back + 一段时间
2. date back to + 时间点 ＝ date from... 追溯到
3. out of date 过时的
4. up to date 现代的;最新的
128 million RMB
Beijing Opera, which dates back to the Qing Dynasty, has a history of more than 200 years.
date back (to ...) 追溯到
①Written records show that it 　　　　　(date) back to the Song Dynasty.
②This proverb is based on an old English law 　 　 (date) back to the 17th century.
趁热打铁
dates　
dating　
date back to和date from
一般不用于进行时态和被动语态（通常用一般现在时）
在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式(v-ing)
bone / b n / n.骨头
shell / el / n.壳；壳状物
symbol / s mbl/ n. 符号；象征
a/the symbol of ... ……的象征
the symbol for… …的符号，记号
symbolic adj.象征(性)的;用作符号的
symbolism n.象征手法；象征主义
symbolize vt. 象征；用符号代表
鸽子是和平的象征。
O2 is the chemical symbol for oxygen.
What's the chemical symbol for mercury
The dove is a symbol of peace.
carve/ kɑ:v/ vt. & vi 雕刻
They carved pumpkins for Halloween decorations.
dynasty / d n sti/ n.王朝；朝代
variety /v ra ti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
1. a variety of… = varieties of = various
各种各样的……
2. vary in 在……方面变化
3. vary with 随……而变化
4. vary from...to... 从……到……不等
various adj. 各种各样的
vary v.改变，变化
variation n.变化
variety /v ra ti/ n. (植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
→ _________ v. 不同；变化；改变
→ _________ adj.不同的；各种各样的
vary
various
1. There are different kinds of trees as well as a 　　　(various) of animals.
2. Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to ________(vary) age groups.
variety　
various　
单句语法填空
①This tool can be used in ____variety of ways.
②The heights of the plants vary _______8 cm _____20 cm.
③ There are __________(variety) courses open to us.
翻译句子
④A variety of heavy industries grew up alongside the port.
_____________________________________
a
from
to
various
各种重工业在港口边上兴起并发展起来。
variety [v ra ti] n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
①In my free time，I'd like to take exercise，such as swimming, running and ________ (variety) ball games.
②It is a pity that some people can't go back home at the Spring Festival for ________ variety of reasons.
③All languages change over time and vary ________ place to place because of the local accent.
various
a
from
【即学即练】
major/ me d (r)/ adj.主要的； n.主修课程；
vi.主修；专门研究
反：minor adj.次要的
minority 少数
majority n.多数;大多数
1. The 　　　　　　　(major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
2. It is not their interest but the need of the market that affects students’ choices of college 　　　　　(major).
majority　
majors　
(1)major in 主修……；以……为专业
(2)the majority of 大多数……
I have a gift for language, so I major　　　　 English in college.
When it comes to education, the 　　　　（major） of people believe that education is of great importance.
in
majority
=important
=significant
=crucial
=vital
major/ me d (r)/ adj.主要的； n.主修课程；
vi.主修；专门研究
→ ___________ n．大多数；大半
→ _________ n．少数
majority
minority
单句语法填空
① He majored _____finance at Claremont Men's College in California.
② The ___________(major) of my patients come to me from out of town.
翻译句子
③Stress is a major problem of modern life.
_____________________________________
in
majority
压力是现代生活中的主要问题。
no matter (what/how/where/when) …
不论……；不管…… （引导让步状语从句）
no matter+ 疑问词+从句=疑问词-ever +从句
eg：no matter when=whenever
无论这兔子跑多快，都无法逃过那大灰狼。
No matter how fast the rabbit ran, it could not escape the big grey wolf.
任何人，无论是谁，都要接受身份检查。
Any person, no matter who they are, must go through an identity check.
不管你说什么，我都要离开。
I’ll leave anyway, no matter what you say.
No matter where I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.
①不管谁向他求助，他总是乐于助人。
　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　， he is always ready to help.
②无论结果怎样，我们都要笑着接受。
　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　， we should accept it with a smile.
③ 无论有多么困难，我决心提前完成工作。
　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 , I'm determined to finish the work ahead of time.
Whoever/No matter who asks him for help
Whatever/No matter what the result is
No matter how/However difficult it is
【即学即练】
no matter (what/how/where/when) …
不论……；不管…… （引导让步状语从句）
dialect /'da lekt/ n.地方话；方言
It was difficult to understand the local dialect.
这种方言很难懂。
means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
（单复数同形）
by all means 务必，不惜一切地
by no means 绝不；一点也不(用于句首时引起部分倒装)
by means of... 依靠……方法，借助……手段
means of（doing）sth. （做）某事的方法
a means of transportation 交通工具
This plan must be realized by all means.
By no means should he be left alone.
Thoughts are expressed by means of words.
mean
■(meant, meant) v
①表示...的意思，意思是(说)
②意味着mean doing sth
③意欲; 打算mean to do sth
■adj①吝啬的;小气的②卑鄙的;刻薄的
meaning n.意思;含义;重要性
meaningful adj.有意义的
meaningless adj.无意义的
means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
（单复数同形）
①All means 　　　　　(have)been tried out without much result.
②Students build up their vocabularies 　　　　　means of reading more.
趁热打铁
have　
by　
①There is no doubt that Wechat is ________ important means of communication.
②Missing the bus means _________ (wait) for another two hours.
③我可以通过教英语来谋生。
I can make a living _______________ teaching English.
④所有可能的方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。
Every possible means ________________ (try), but none has worked.
＝All possible means _________________ (try), but none has worked.
⑤处境困难时绝对不能放弃。
_______________ can you give up when you are in trouble.
an
waiting
by means of
has been tried
have been tried
By no means
means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
classic / kl s k/ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的
n.经典作品
classical adj.古典的；经典的
regard /r gɑ:d/ n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
regards n.问候
regarding prep.关于,至于,就……而论
regardless adj.不顾的；adv. 不管怎样，无论如何
(1) regard/consider...as... 认为……是……
(2) have high/no regard for... 高度关注/无视……
with/in regard to sth. 关于某事
in this regard 就这一点而言
regard for… 对……的尊重
(3) give one’s regards (to sb.) 代某人(向某人)问好
① Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring people in the world.
② The teenager has no regard for other people's feelings.
③ Mike had high regard for his old law professor.
④ Please give my best regards to your parents.
regard /r gɑ:d/ n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
把……视为
关注
尊重
问候
regard /r gɑ:d/ n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
我们一直把他看作朋友。
We always regard him as a friend.
请代我向你家人问好。
Please give my kind regards to your family.
他被看成是最有希望的球员。
He is regarded as the most promising player.
1) Please give my __________ (regard) to your mother if you see her.
2) He has no regard ________ other people’s feeling.
3) Mountains are regarded ________ spiritual places by many cultures.
4) With regard _______ my favorite Chinese poet. I’d like to introduce Li Bai to you.
regards
for
as
to
regard /r gɑ:d/ n.尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
单句语法填空
① I regard this _____a serious matter.
②He is generally/widely ___________(regard)as the father of international law.
③ The union is the largest in the country and _____this regard is best placed to serve its members.
翻译句子
④ What are the misunderstandings that we usually have with regard to happiness
________________________________
as
regarded
in
对于幸福我们通常有什么误解吗？
character /'k r kt (r)/ n.文字；符号；角色；特点
characteristic n.特征，特性 adj.典型的；独特的
characterize vt.以...为特色;具有...的特征
Chinese characters 汉字
of good character 品格高尚
cartoon characters 卡通人物
Her behaviour last night was completely out of character.
她昨晚的行为举止与她的性格极其不符。
In the story，the main character has left his girlfriend and baby.
故事中，主人公离开了他的女友和孩子。
Mr. Smith doesn’t know Chinese characters.
史密斯先生不认识汉字。
character /'k r kt (r)/ n.文字；符号；角色；特点
calligraphy /k l ɡr fi/ n.书法；书法艺术
global / ɡlo b l/ adj.全球的；全世界的
Climate change is a global issue that affects everyone.
globe n.地球仪；球体
globalize v.全球化
globalization n.全球化
globally adv.全球地
global warming 全球变暖
affair / fe r/ n.公共事务；事件；关系
personal affairs
current affairs
business affairs
public affairs
political affairs
私事
时事
商业事务
公共事务
政务
appreciate [ pri e t]
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　
vi. 增值
appreciation n. 感激；欣赏
appreciative adj. 感激的
appreciate (sb/sb’s) doing sth. 感激（某人）做某事
show/express/ convey one’s appreciation to sb for sth.
因为某事向某人表达感激
appreciate the significance/ value of sth. 理解某事的重要性/意义
I would appreciate it if you could do sth.
如果你能……，我将感激不尽
appreciate [ pri e t]
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　
vi. 增值
①His talents are not fully 　　　　　　(appreciate) in that company.
②I really appreciate 　　 　(have) this opportunity to work in your company.
appreciated　
having　
① Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.
② I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③ His talents aren't appreciated by his boss, which made him annoyed.
④ Their investments have appreciated over the years.
意识到
感激
欣赏
增值
①I'd appreciate ________ if you let me know whether you are free in advance.
②I appreciate _____________ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③Here I sincerely express my _______________ (appreciate) if you could give me some advice on how to learn English.
it
being given
appreciation
appreciate [ pri e t]
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　
vi. 增值
【即学即练】
①Any advice that you can give me would _____________(appreciate)．
②I would appreciate _____if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
③ She shows little _______________(appreciate)of good music.
翻译句子
④如果您能就如何解决这些问题给我一些建议，我将不胜感激。
___________________________________________________________________________________
be appreciated
it
appreciation
I'd appreciate it if you can give me some advice on how to solve these problems.
appreciate [ pri e t]
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会　
vi. 增值
specific adj. 特定的；明确的；具体的
specify v.具体说明；明确规定；详述
specification n.规格/范；说明书
specifically adv.具体地，明确地
I gave you specific instructions.
我给过你明确的指示。
struggle
n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[ str ɡl]
1. 她艰难地站起来。
She struggled to her feet.
2. 他同癌症抗争了两年。
He struggled against/with cancer for two years.
struggling adj. 奋斗的；努力的；苦斗的
struggle for　努力争取……；为……而斗争
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 某人挣扎着站起来
1) She’s struggling _________(bring) up a family alone.
2) Millions of people are struggling ________ survival.
3) John struggled ____________ cancer for two years.
4) Police said there were no signs of a _________(struggle).
to bring
for
against / with
struggle
struggle
n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[ str ɡl]
单句语法填空
① Many families struggle __________(make)ends meet.
② He struggled _______________his attacker(攻击者)who then ran away.
翻译句子
③I could see the young boy struggling to free himself.
______________________________________________________
to make
with/against
我能看见这个小男孩正使劲挣脱。
struggle
n. & vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[ str ɡl]
tongue /t / n.舌头；语言
He bit his tongue while eating.
The dog's tongue was hanging out.
狗的舌头耷拉在外面。
tone n.语调
mother/native tongue 母语
point of view
观点；看法
在我看来：
1. in my view/opinion
2. from my point of view
3. as far as I am concerned
From my point of view, this decision is the best one we can make.
semester /s mest (r)/ n.学期
gas /ɡ s/ n. 汽油；气体；燃气
petrol /'petr l/ n. (NAmE gas ) 汽油
subway /'s bwe / n.(BrE underground) 地铁
坐地铁
take the subway
by subway
apartment / 'pɑ:tm nt/ n.(especially NAmE) 公寓套房
flat n.公寓
pants / p nts / n. [pl.] (BrE )内裤；短裤；
(especially NAmE )裤子
trousers n.裤子；长裤
beg
/beg/
vt. 恳求;祈求;哀求
他们向他请求帮助
They begged him for help.
他求她不要离开。
He begged her not to go.
(beg—begged—begged)
beggar n. 乞丐
beg your pardon. [口语]对不起。(请再说一遍)
beg sb for sth. = beg sth of/from sb.向某人乞求某物
beg (sb) to do sth. 乞求某人做某事
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
v. 等于
[ i kw l]
equally adv. 平等地
equality n. 平等
unequal adj. 不相等的; 不胜任的
unequally adv.不公平地；不相等地
(1) be without equal=have no equal in 无与伦比
From my point of view, he has no equal in music.
在我看来，在音乐上无人能与他匹敌。
Men are born equal.
人生来平等。
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
v. 等于
[ i kw l]
(2) be the equal of 与……相等/匹敌
It is widely believed that the young reporter is the equal of many experienced ones.
人们普遍认为，这位年轻的记者比得上许多有经验的记者。
(3) A equal B in(doing) sth A在……方面比得上B
Three plus three equals six.
三加三等于六。
No one equals him in strength.
论力气，无人能和他相比。
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
v. 等于
[ i kw l]
(4) be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任(做)某事
Nancy once worked in a big company. As a result, she can be equal to this position.
南希曾经在一家大公司工作过。因此，她可以胜任这个职位。
(5) be equal in sth在某方面平等/相同
They are equal in both talent and abilities.
他们才华能力相当。
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
v. 等于
[ i kw l]
①I’m trying to do what is best, but 　　　　　(equal) I’ve got to consider the cost.
②They live and work together in complete 　　　　　　(equal) and brotherhood.
③Be positive and cheerful, for your mental health is equal 　 your physical health.
equally　
equality　
to　
→ __________ n．平等；
→ __________ adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
equality
equally
(1)China has always insisted that all countries,big or small,should be _______ (equality).
(2)Men and women must be treated _______ (equal) in education and employment.
(3)Any man will be equal_______ the task;so long as he is careful,you should give him a try.
(4)We need to be active in all kinds of sports，and pay attention to mental health which is equal ___________ physical health.
(5) Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is________(equal) interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.
(6)No one equals him ____ courage, about which every one knows.
equal
equally
to
in
equally
in
equal
n．同等的人；相等物
adj. 相同的；同样的
v. 等于
[ i kw l]
单句语法填空
①Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides __________ (equal) contact (联系) and share with one another.
②Zach insists that he is but one among many who are fighting for ___________(equal)．
③ He is a player __________equal.
翻译句子
④尽管年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。
________________________________________________________
equally
equality
without
Young as he was，John was equal to the important task.
gap
n．间隔；开口；差距
gap year 空档年
generation gap 代沟
gap between the rich and the poor 贫富差距
[ɡ p]
他们阔别二十年后又见面了。
They met again after a gap of 20 years.
demand [d mɑ nd]
n．要求；需求　
vt. 强烈要求；需要　vi.查问
be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
demand sth. of/from sb. 向某人要某物
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
demand that...(should) do... 坚决要求某人做(虚拟语气）
= it is demanded that...(should) do
demanding adj. 高要求的；要求严格的
“一二三四”记“虚拟”
表示“命令；要求；劝告”的词归纳(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句中需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可省略)：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order; command
三建议：advise; suggest; propose
四要求：request; require; demand; desire
①Like running, race walking is physically __________ (demand), she says.
②First, science graduates are ____ greater demand than arts ones in China.
③Yesterday evening，the couple came to my house and demanded help ________ me.
demanding
in
of/from
我坚决要求见经理。
I demand to see the manager.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
The workers demanded that they (should) get better pay and conditions.
demand [d mɑ nd]
n．要求；需求　
vt. 强烈要求；需要　vi.查问
单句语法填空
①She demanded that he _________________(return)the books he borrowed from her.
②Good teachers are always _____great demand.
③My father came down and demanded __________(know)what was going on.
翻译句子
④There's an increased demand for organic produce these days.
____________________________________
(should) return
in
to know
目前对有机农产品有更大的需求。
vocabulary /v k bj l ri/ n.词汇
The teacher encouraged students to enrich their vocabulary.
Reading will enlarge your vocabulary.
description
/d skr p n/
n.描写(文字)；形容
give a description of 形容;描述
beyond description 无法形容;难以描述
describe ... as... 把……描绘成……
___________ vt.描述
___________ adj.描写的；叙述的
describe
The scenery there is so fascinating that it is totally beyond description.
descriptive
description
/d skr p n/
n.描写(文字)；形容
①He has been described 　　　　　the world’s greatest violinist.
②At this present moment, I have a joy inside of me which is _______description.
③As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible 　　　 (describe) them all in a short text.
as　
beyond　
to describe　
relate [r le t] vt. 联系；讲述
relate sth.to sb. 向某人讲述某事
relate sth to sth 将……与……联系
be related to... 与……有关
in relation to 关于
correlate v. 相互关联影响，相互依赖
related adj.相关的;有联系的
relevant adj.相关的，有关的
irrelevant adj.不相关的
relative adj.比较的;相对的　n.亲戚
relation n.关系;关联
relationship n.关系;联系
This is quite important, because it is directly related _____ your commitment.
The position calls for _________ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
Determining where we are in __________ (relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
to
related
relation
relate [r le t] vt. 联系；讲述
1. _______________ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于→_______________ n.指称关系；参考
2. ___________ vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n.底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→___________ adj.基本的；基础的→__________ adv.根本上；基本上→___________ n.基础；根据
3. ___________ vt.& vi.(使)变化→____________ adj.不同的；各种各样的→__________ n.(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
4. ___________ adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n.主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→_____________ n.大多数；大半
5. ___________ n.球体；地球仪；地球→___________ adj.全球的；全世界的
reference
basic
basically
basis
various
variety
majority
global
refer
globe
vary
major
base
6. _____________ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→_____________ n.欣赏；感激；感谢→_______________ adj. 感激的
7. __________n.同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→___________ n.平等；相等→___________ adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
8. __________n.要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→____________ adj.要求高的
9. __________ vt.描述；形容；描绘→__________ n.描写(文字)；形容
10. __________ vt.联系；讲述→_________ adj.有关系的；有关联的→___________ n.关系→ n.亲戚 adj.相对的
appreciation
equality
equally
demanding
description
related
relation
appreciative
relative
relate
describe
demand
equal
appreciate
11. ___________ n. 体系；制度 →_____________ adj.有系统的；有计划的→_______________ adv. 有系统地；有条理地
12. ___________ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求→___________ n. 乞丐
13. ___________ n. 符号；象征→____________ adj.象征的，作为象征的
14. _________n. 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点→____________ n. 特征；特性 adj.典型的；独特的
systematic
beggar
system
symbolic
characteristic
character
symbol
systematically
beg
Thank you！
civilisation
/ s v la ze n /
n. 文明；文明世界
factor / f kt (r)/
n. 因素；要素
CE（common era）公元