10中国成语故事英语阅读精选-百步穿杨（含答案）-2025-2026学年人教版（2012）九年级英语全册
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| 名称 | 10中国成语故事英语阅读精选-百步穿杨（含答案）-2025-2026学年人教版（2012）九年级英语全册 |  | |
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中国成语故事语篇精选—打开高效学习英语之门
Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces
(百步穿杨)
Original Meaning:
This idiom literally describes the ability to shoot an arrow that can hit a thin willow leaf from a distance of one hundred paces away.
Extended Meaning:
It now describes someone who is highly skilled and has exceptional ability in their field. It is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding archery skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery.
During the Warring States period, the famous Qin general Bai Qi, after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei, turned his army towards the state of Liang. The strategist Su Li, upon learning this news, immediately went to see the king of the Zhou dynasty. He warned the king that if the Qin army captured Liang, the Zhou dynasty's situation would become very dangerous. The king listened to Su Li's advice and sent him to persuade Bai Qi to stop the attack.
When Su Li met Bai Qi, he told him a story: In the state of Chu, there was a famous archer named Yang Youji. He was incredibly strong and possessed superb archery skills. At that time, Wei also had a skilled archer named Pan Hu. One day, the two decided to hold a contest, and a crowd gathered to watch.
The target was set over fifty paces away. Pan Hu went first. He drew his bow and fired three arrows in a row. Each one hit the bullseye perfectly, earning him loud cheers from the audience. Pan Hu was very pleased with himself and asked Yang Youji to take his turn.
Yang Youji thought that hitting a bullseye at fifty paces was too easy. He declared that he would shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away. He drew his bow, and with a "whoosh," an arrow flew and a willow leaf fluttered down. He fired ten arrows in total, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree. The audience was amazed, and even Pan Hu admitted defeat wholeheartedly.
At that moment, an old man standing nearby said coolly, "Now I can teach you how to shoot!"
Yang Youji was very displeased to hear this and asked, "How do you plan to teach me archery "
The old man replied, "I will not teach you how to draw the bow or shoot the arrow. Instead, I will teach you how to protect your reputation. You can now hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces. But if your body becomes tired, your breath grows weak, or your arm loses its strength, and you miss just one shot, your famous reputation for 'hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces' will be damaged. A truly good archer knows how to maintain his good name!"
Upon hearing this, Yang Youji immediately understood the old man's good intentions. He thanked the old man again and again.
After hearing the story of "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces," Bai Qi understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of having never lost a battle. He realized he shouldn't launch another attack when he was mentally tired after consecutive victories against two states. So, he used illness as an excuse and stopped the advance against Liang.
The original meaning of this idiom is hitting a thin willow leaf from a hundred paces away. It now describes someone with great ability and superb skill. It is often used to metaphorically represent exceptional archery skills.
百步穿杨（全文翻译）
本义：
这个成语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在百步之外射中一片纤细的柳叶。
引申义：
如今，它用来形容某人技艺高超，在所属领域具备非凡能力。它常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的射箭技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞任何领域中精湛的专业技能与精通程度。
战国时期，秦国名将白起率领军队接连击败韩国和魏国后，转而率军攻打梁国。谋士苏厉得知此消息后，立即去拜见周天子。他警告周天子，若秦军攻下梁国，周朝的处境将变得十分危险。周天子采纳了苏厉的建议，派他去劝说白起停止进攻。
苏厉见到白起后，给他讲了一个故事：在楚国，有一位名叫养由基的著名射手。他力大无穷，且箭术精湛。当时，魏国有一位同样擅长射箭的人，名叫潘虎。一天，两人决定比试箭术，一群人围过来观看。
靶子被设在五十步开外。潘虎先上场，他拉弓射箭，一连射出三支箭，每一支都精准射中靶心，赢得了观众们的高声喝彩。潘虎得意洋洋，让养由基接着来。
养由基觉得五十步外射中靶心太容易了。他宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。他拉弓搭箭，“嗖” 的一声，一支箭飞了出去，一片柳叶应声飘落。他一共射了十支箭，每一支都射中了柳树上的叶子。观众们惊叹不已，就连潘虎也心服口服地认输了。
就在这时，旁边一位老者冷冷地说：“现在我可以教你怎么射箭了！”
养由基听了这话，心里很不高兴，问道：“您打算怎么教我射箭呢？”
老者回答：“我不教你拉弓射箭的技巧，而是要教你如何保住自己的名声。你现在能百步穿杨，但如果有一天你身体疲惫、气息微弱，或是手臂没了力气，只要失手一次，你‘百步穿杨’的美名就会受损。真正优秀的射手，懂得如何维护自己的好名声！”
养由基听了这话，立刻明白了老者的良苦用心，连连向老者道谢。
白起听完 “百步穿杨” 的故事后，明白自己需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。他意识到，在接连击败两个国家后，自己心力俱疲，不应再发动进攻。于是，他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军。
这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶，如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用作比喻，指代非凡的射箭技艺。
水平逐句翻译 + 解析
1. Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces (百步穿杨)
逐句翻译：百步穿杨（成语，指射箭技艺高超，能在百步之外射中柳叶）
陌生单词：
Hitting a Willow Leaf 射中柳叶（“hit” 表 “射中、击中”，“willow leaf” 表 “柳叶”，例：hit a small target 射中小靶子；Hitting a Willow Leaf 射中柳叶）
at a Hundred Paces 在百步之外（“pace” 表 “步（长度单位）”，“a Hundred Paces” 表 “百步”，例：run a hundred paces 跑百步；at a Hundred Paces 在百步之外）
高频语块：Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces 百步穿杨（成语标题，例：The archer’s skill is like “Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces”. 这位射手的技艺如同 “百步穿杨”。）
造句：People often use “Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces” to praise someone with superb shooting skills.（人们常用 “百步穿杨” 来夸赞射箭技艺高超的人。）
2. Original Meaning: This idiom literally describes the ability to shoot an arrow that can hit a thin willow leaf from a distance of one hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：本义：这个成语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在百步之外射中一片纤细的柳叶。
陌生单词：
Original Meaning 本义；原意（固定搭配，例：the original meaning of a word 单词的本义；Original Meaning 本义）
literally describes / l t r li d skra bz/ 字面描述；字面意思是（“literally” 表 “字面地”，例：literally mean 字面意思是；literally describes 字面描述）
shoot an arrow / u t n r / 射箭；发射弓箭（例：learn to shoot an arrow 学习射箭；shoot an arrow 射箭）
thin willow leaf /θ n w l li f/ 纤细的柳叶；薄柳叶（“thin” 表 “纤细的”，例：a thin piece of paper 一张薄纸；thin willow leaf 纤细的柳叶）
from a distance of /fr m d st ns v/ 从…… 的距离；在…… 远的地方（例：from a distance of 20 meters 从 20 米远的地方；from a distance of one hundred paces 从百步的距离）
高频语块：the ability to do sth 做某事的能力（例：She has the ability to play the piano well. 她有弹好钢琴的能力。）
造句：This phrase literally describes the ability to lift a heavy stone from a distance of five meters away.（这个短语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在五米远的地方举起一块重石头。）
3. Extended Meaning: It now describes someone who is highly skilled and has exceptional ability in their field.
逐句翻译：引申义：如今，它用来形容某人技艺高超，在所属领域具备非凡能力。
陌生单词：
Extended Meaning 引申义；扩展义（固定搭配，例：the extended meaning of an idiom 成语的引申义；Extended Meaning 引申义）
highly skilled /ha li sk ld/ 技艺高超的；技能娴熟的（“highly” 表 “高度地”，“skilled” 表 “有技能的”，例：a highly skilled doctor 技艺高超的医生；someone who is highly skilled 技艺高超的人）
exceptional ability / k sep nl b l ti/ 非凡能力；杰出才能（“exceptional” 表 “非凡的”，例：exceptional talent 非凡天赋；exceptional ability 非凡能力）
in their field / n e fi ld/ 在他们的领域；在所属行业（“field” 表 “领域、行业”，例：in the field of art 在艺术领域；in their field 在所属领域）
高频语块：is used to describe 被用来形容（例：This word is used to describe people who are brave. 这个词用来形容勇敢的人。）
造句：This term now describes someone who is highly creative and has exceptional ability in the field of design.（这个术语如今用来形容在设计领域有高度创造力、具备非凡能力的人。）
4. It is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding archery skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery.
逐句翻译：它常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的射箭技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞任何领域中精湛的专业技能与精通程度。
陌生单词：
is often used metaphorically / fn ju zd met f r k li/ 常被用作比喻；常作隐喻（“metaphorically” 表 “比喻地”，例：used metaphorically to mean 被比喻地用来表示；is often used metaphorically 常被用作比喻）
praise outstanding archery skills /pre z a t st nd ɑ t ri sk lz/ 夸赞出色的射箭技艺；表扬杰出的箭术（“outstanding” 表 “出色的”，“archery skills” 表 “射箭技艺”，例：praise outstanding performance 夸赞出色的表现；praise outstanding archery skills 夸赞出色的射箭技艺）
more broadly /m br dli/ 更广泛地；更宽泛地（例：more broadly speaking 更宽泛地说；more broadly 更广泛地）
superb expertise /su p b eksp ti z/ 精湛的专业技能；高超的专业知识（“superb” 表 “精湛的”，“expertise” 表 “专业技能”，例：superb cooking expertise 精湛的烹饪技能；superb expertise 精湛的专业技能）
mastery / mɑ st ri/n. 精通；掌握（例：mastery of English 英语的精通；mastery 精通程度）
高频语块：any kind of 任何种类的（例：Any kind of help is welcome here. 这里欢迎任何形式的帮助。）
造句：This saying is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding musical skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery in sports.（这句俗语常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的音乐技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞体育领域中任何种类的精湛专业技能与精通程度。）
5. During the Warring States period, the famous Qin general Bai Qi, after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei, turned his army towards the state of Liang.
逐句翻译：战国时期，秦国名将白起率领军队接连击败韩国和魏国后，转而率军攻打梁国。
陌生单词：
During the Warring States period / w r ste ts p ri d/ 战国时期（中国历史时期，公元前 475-221 年，例：ancient China during the Warring States period 战国时期的古代中国；During the Warring States period 战国时期）
Qin general Bai Qi /t n d enr l ba t i / 秦国将领白起；秦将白起（“Qin” 指 “秦国”，“general” 表 “将领”，专有名词，例：the great Qin general 秦国名将；Qin general Bai Qi 秦将白起）
leading his troops / li d h z tru ps/ 率领他的军队；带领他的部队（“lead” 表 “率领”，“troops” 表 “军队、部队”，例：lead troops into battle 率军参战；leading his troops 率领他的军队）
successive victories /s k ses v v kt riz/ 接连的胜利；连续的胜利（“successive” 表 “接连的、连续的”，例：three successive wins 三连胜；successive victories 接连的胜利）
against Han and Wei / ɡenst h n nd we / 对抗韩国和魏国；攻打韩魏（“against” 表 “对抗、反对”，“Han”“Wei” 指战国时期的 “韩国”“魏国”，例：fight against enemies 对抗敌人；against Han and Wei 对抗韩魏）
turned his army towards /t nd h z ɑ mi t w dz/ 把他的军队转向；率军前往（“turn...towards” 表 “把…… 转向”，例：turn the team towards a new goal 让团队朝着新目标前进；turned his army towards 率军前往）
the state of Liang /ste t v liɑ / 梁国（战国时期的诸侯国，专有名词，例：the small state of Liang 小国梁国；the state of Liang 梁国）
高频语块：after leading...to... 在率领…… 取得…… 之后（例：After leading the team to three wins, the coach became famous. 在率领球队取得三连胜后，教练出名了。）
造句：During the Tang Dynasty, the famous general, after leading his troops to successive victories against foreign invaders, turned his army towards the western border.（唐朝时期，这位名将率领军队接连击败外来入侵者后，转而率军前往西部边境。）
6. The strategist Su Li, upon learning this news, immediately went to see the king of the Zhou dynasty.
逐句翻译：谋士苏厉得知此消息后，立即去拜见周天子。
陌生单词：
strategist / str t d st/n. 谋士；战略家（例：a military strategist 军事谋士；The strategist Su Li 谋士苏厉）
upon learning this news / p n l n s nju z/ 得知这个消息后；一得知此消息（“upon doing sth” 表 “一…… 就……”，例：upon hearing the news 一听到消息；upon learning this news 得知此消息后）
immediately went to see / mi di tli went tu si / 立即去见；马上前去拜见（“immediately” 表 “立即、马上”，例：immediately go to help 立即去帮忙；immediately went to see 立即去拜见）
the king of the Zhou dynasty /d a d n sti/ 周天子；周朝的国王（“Zhou dynasty” 指 “周朝”，“dynasty” 表 “朝代”，例：the last king of the Zhou dynasty 周朝的最后一位君主；the king of the Zhou dynasty 周天子）
高频语块：upon doing sth 一…… 就……（例：Upon arriving home, she started to cook. 一到家，她就开始做饭。）
造句：The teacher, upon learning that the student was ill, immediately went to see him after class.（老师得知这个学生生病后，课后立即去看望他。）
7. He warned the king that if the Qin army captured Liang, the Zhou dynasty's situation would become very dangerous.
逐句翻译：他警告周天子，若秦军攻下梁国，周朝的处境将变得十分危险。
陌生单词：
warned the king that /w nd k t/ 警告国王 / 君主……；提醒君主……（“warn” 表 “警告、提醒”，例：warn him that it’s dangerous 警告他有危险；warned the king that 警告周天子……）
captured Liang / k pt d liɑ / 攻占梁国；拿下梁国（“capture” 表 “攻占、夺取”，例：capture a city 攻占一座城市；captured Liang 攻下梁国）
the Zhou dynasty's situation / s t u e n/ 周朝的处境；周朝的形势（“situation” 表 “处境、形势”，例：the country’s situation 国家的处境；the Zhou dynasty's situation 周朝的处境）
would become very dangerous /w d b k m veri de nd r s/ 将会变得非常危险；将变得十分危急（过去将来时，例：would become better 将会变得更好；would become very dangerous 将会变得十分危险）
高频语块：warned sb that... 警告某人……（例：The doctor warned him that he should stop smoking. 医生警告他应该戒烟。）
造句：The farmer warned his family that if it didn’t rain soon, their crops would become very dangerous.（农夫警告家人，若再不降雨，他们的庄稼将变得十分危急。）
8. The king listened to Su Li's advice and sent him to persuade Bai Qi to stop the attack.
逐句翻译：周天子采纳了苏厉的建议，派他去劝说白起停止进攻。
陌生单词：
listened to Su Li's advice / l snd tu s li z d va s/ 听取苏厉的建议；采纳苏厉的意见（“listen to one’s advice” 表 “听取某人的建议”，例：listen to my mother’s advice 听取妈妈的建议；listened to Su Li's advice 采纳苏厉的建议）
sent him to persuade /sent h m tu p swe d/ 派他去劝说；派他去说服（“send sb to do sth” 表 “派某人做某事”，“persuade” 表 “劝说、说服”，例：send her to ask for help 派她去求助；sent him to persuade 派他去劝说）
stop the attack /st p t k/ 停止进攻；中止攻击（“attack” 表 “进攻、攻击”，例：stop the enemy’s attack 阻止敌人的进攻；stop the attack 停止进攻）
高频语块：send sb to persuade sb to do sth 派某人去劝说某人做某事（例：The manager sent his assistant to persuade the customer to accept the plan. 经理派助手去劝说客户接受方案。）
造句：The teacher listened to the student’s advice and sent her to persuade her classmates to clean the classroom.（老师采纳了这个学生的建议，派她去劝说同学们打扫教室。）
9. When Su Li met Bai Qi, he told him a story: In the state of Chu, there was a famous archer named Yang Youji.
逐句翻译：苏厉见到白起后，给他讲了一个故事：在楚国，有一位名叫杨有吉（注：传统典故中人物为 “养由基”，此处 “Yang Youji” 为音译）的著名射手。
陌生单词：
when Su Li met Bai Qi /wen s li met ba t i / 当苏厉见到白起时；苏厉见到白起后（“met” 是 “meet” 的过去式，例：when I met my friend 当我见到朋友时；when Su Li met Bai Qi 苏厉见到白起后）
told him a story /t ld h m st ri/ 给他讲了一个故事；给她讲了一个故事（“tell sb a story” 表 “给某人讲故事”，例：told us a funny story 给我们讲了一个有趣的故事；told him a story 给他讲了一个故事）
the state of Chu /ste t v t u / 楚国（战国时期诸侯国，专有名词，例：the culture of the state of Chu 楚文化；the state of Chu 楚国）
famous archer / fe m s ɑ t (r)/ 著名的射手；有名的弓箭手（“archer” 表 “射手、弓箭手”，例：a skilled archer 技艺娴熟的射手；famous archer 著名射手）
named Yang Youji /ne md j ju d i / 名叫杨有吉的；名为杨有吉的（“named” 表 “名叫…… 的”，例：a boy named Tom 一个名叫汤姆的男孩；named Yang Youji 名叫杨有吉的）
高频语块：told sb a story 给某人讲故事（例：My grandmother often told me a story before bed when I was young. 我小时候，奶奶经常在睡前给我讲故事。）
造句：When the teacher met the new student, she told him a story: In a small town, there was a kind girl named Lily.（当老师见到新学生时，给她讲了一个故事：在一个小镇上，有一位名叫莉莉的善良女孩。）
10. He was incredibly strong and possessed superb archery skills.
逐句翻译：他力大无穷，且箭术精湛。
陌生单词：
incredibly strong / n kred bli str / 极其强壮的；力大无穷的（“incredibly” 表 “极其、非常”，例：incredibly fast 非常快；incredibly strong 力大无穷的）
possessed superb archery skills /p zest su p b ɑ t ri sk lz/ 拥有精湛的射箭技艺；具备高超的箭术（“possess” 表 “拥有、具备”，“superb” 表 “精湛的、高超的”，例：possess good skills 拥有良好技能；possessed superb archery skills 箭术精湛）
高频语块：possessed...skills 拥有…… 技能（例：The artist possessed excellent painting skills. 这位艺术家拥有出色的绘画技能。）
造句：The athlete was incredibly fast and possessed superb running skills.（这位运动员速度极快，且拥有精湛的跑步技巧。）
11. At that time, Wei also had a skilled archer named Pan Hu.
逐句翻译：当时，魏国有一位同样擅长射箭的人，名叫潘虎。
陌生单词：
at that time / t t ta m/ 在那时；当时（例：at that moment 在那一刻；at that time 当时）
Wei /we / 魏国（战国时期诸侯国，专有名词，例：the capital of Wei 魏国的都城；Wei 魏国）
skilled archer /sk ld ɑ t (r)/ 擅长射箭的人；技艺娴熟的射手（“skilled” 表 “擅长的、熟练的”，例：a skilled driver 熟练的司机；skilled archer 擅长射箭的人）
named Pan Hu /ne md p n hu / 名叫潘虎的；名为潘虎的（例：a dog named Doudou 一只名叫豆豆的狗；named Pan Hu 名叫潘虎的）
高频语块：at that time 在那时；当时（例：At that time, people didn’t have mobile phones. 当时，人们还没有手机。）
造句：At that time, our school also had a talented teacher named Mr. Wang.（当时，我们学校也有一位有才华的老师，名叫王老师。）
12. One day, the two decided to hold a contest, and a crowd gathered to watch.
逐句翻译：一天，两人决定比试箭术，一群人围过来观看。
陌生单词：
decided to hold a contest /d sa d d tu h ld k ntest/ 决定举办一场比赛；决定比试（“hold a contest” 表 “举办比赛、比试”，例：hold a singing contest 举办歌唱比赛；decided to hold a contest 决定比试）
a crowd gathered / kra d ɡ d/ 一群人聚集过来；众人围拢过来（“crowd” 表 “人群”，“gather” 表 “聚集、聚拢”，例：a large crowd gathered 一大群人聚集过来；a crowd gathered to watch 一群人围过来观看）
to watch /tu w t / 来观看；去观看（例：came to watch 来看；to watch 来观看）
高频语块：decided to hold a contest 决定举办比赛；决定比试（例：The two teams decided to hold a contest to see who was stronger. 两队决定比试一场，看看谁更强。）
造句：One day, the two classmates decided to hold a chess contest, and many friends gathered to watch.（一天，两位同学决定举办一场象棋比赛，很多朋友围过来观看。）
13. The target was set over fifty paces away.
逐句翻译：靶子被设在五十步开外。
陌生单词：
the target / tɑ ɡ t/ 靶子；目标（例：hit the target 射中靶子；The target 靶子）
was set /w z set/ 被设置；被安放（被动语态，“set” 表 “设置、安放”，例：the table was set 桌子被摆好；was set over fifty paces away 被设在五十步开外）
over fifty paces away / v f fti pe s z we / 超过五十步远；五十步开外（“over” 表 “超过、多于”，例：over ten meters away 超过十米远；over fifty paces away 五十步开外）
高频语块：was set...away 被设在…… 远的地方（例：The bench was set over twenty meters away from the tree. 长椅被设在离树二十米开外的地方。）
造句：The finish line was set over one hundred meters away from the starting point.（终点线被设在离起点一百米开外的地方。）
14. Pan Hu went first. He drew his bow and fired three arrows in a row.
逐句翻译：潘虎先上场，他拉弓射箭，一连射出三支箭。
陌生单词：
went first 先去；先上场（例：she went first 她先去；Pan Hu went first 潘虎先上场）
drew his bow /dru h z b / 拉开他的弓；拉弓（“drew” 是 “draw” 的过去式，“draw a bow” 表 “拉弓”，例：draw the bow tightly 把弓拉满；drew his bow 拉弓）
fired three arrows /fa d θri r z/ 射出三支箭；发射三支箭（“fire” 表 “发射、射出”，例：fire a gun 开枪；fired three arrows 射出三支箭）
in a row / n r / 连续地；一连（例：win three games in a row 一连赢三场比赛；fired three arrows in a row 一连射出三支箭）
高频语块：in a row 连续地；一连（例：He read five books in a row during the holiday. 假期里他一连读了五本书。）
造句：Tom went first. He picked up his pen and wrote three words in a row.（汤姆先开始，他拿起笔，一连写了三个单词。）
15. Each one hit the bullseye perfectly, earning him loud cheers from the audience.
逐句翻译：每一支都精准射中靶心，赢得了观众们的高声喝彩。
陌生单词：
each one 每一支（代指前文 “arrows”，例：each one is good 每一个都好；Each one hit... 每一支都射中……）
hit the bullseye /h t b lza / 射中靶心；命中靶心（“bullseye” 表 “靶心、中心点”，例：hit the bullseye every time 每次都射中靶心；hit the bullseye perfectly 精准射中靶心）
perfectly / p f ktli/adv. 完美地；精准地（例：sing perfectly 唱得完美；hit perfectly 射得精准）
earning him loud cheers / n h m la d t z/ 为他赢得高声喝彩；使他获得大声欢呼（现在分词短语作结果状语，“earn” 表 “赢得、获得”，例：earning her a prize 为她赢得一个奖项；earning him loud cheers 赢得高声喝彩）
from the audience /fr m i di ns/ 来自观众；从观众那里（“audience” 表 “观众、听众”，例：applause from the audience 来自观众的掌声；from the audience 来自观众）
高频语块：hit the bullseye 射中靶心；命中目标（例：The archer hit the bullseye with every arrow. 这位射手每支箭都射中靶心。）
造句：Each of her paintings won first prize, earning her loud cheers from the judges.（她的每一幅画都获得了一等奖，赢得了评委们的高声喝彩。）
16. Pan Hu was very pleased with himself and asked Yang Youji to take his turn.
逐句翻译：潘虎得意洋洋，让杨有吉接着来。
陌生单词：
was very pleased with himself /w z veri pli zd w h m self/ 对自己非常满意；得意洋洋（“be pleased with oneself” 表 “对自己满意、自满”，例：was pleased with his work 对他的工作满意；was very pleased with himself 得意洋洋）
asked Yang Youji to take his turn /ɑ skt j ju d i tu te k h z t n/ 让杨有吉轮流来；让杨有吉接着来（“take one’s turn” 表 “轮流、依次”，例：take your turn to speak 轮流发言；take his turn 接着来）
高频语块：be pleased with oneself 对自己满意；自满（例：He got good grades and was pleased with himself. 他取得了好成绩，对自己很满意。）
造句：Lisa finished the task quickly and was very pleased with herself, then asked her partner to take her turn.（莉萨很快完成了任务，得意洋洋，然后让搭档接着来。）
17. Yang Youji thought that hitting a bullseye at fifty paces was too easy.
逐句翻译：杨有吉觉得五十步外射中靶心太容易了。
陌生单词：
thought that /θ t t/ 认为……；觉得……（“thought” 是 “think” 的过去式，引导宾语从句，例：thought that it was fun 觉得那很有趣；thought that hitting... 觉得射中……）
hitting a bullseye at fifty paces /h t b lza t f fti pe s z/ 五十步外射中靶心；在五十步距离射中靶心（动名词短语作主语，例：running every morning is good 每天早上跑步有好处；hitting a bullseye at fifty paces 五十步外射中靶心）
was too easy /w z tu i zi/ 太容易了；过于简单（“too + 形容词” 表 “太……”，例：was too hard 太难了；was too easy 太容易了）
高频语块：hitting...was too easy 做…… 太容易了（例：Solving this math problem was too easy for him. 解这道数学题对他来说太容易了。）
造句：Mike thought that climbing this small hill at two hours was too easy.（迈克觉得用两小时爬这座小山太容易了。）
18. He declared that he would shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：他宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。
陌生单词：
declared that /d kle d t/ 宣布……；宣称……（“declare” 表 “宣布、宣称”，例：declared that he would come 宣布他会来；declared that he would shoot 宣称要射……）
would shoot at /w d u t t/ 将要射向……；会瞄准……（过去将来时，“shoot at” 表 “瞄准…… 射击”，例：would shoot at the target 会瞄准靶子射击；would shoot at willow leaves 要射柳叶）
willow leaves a hundred paces away / w l li vz h ndr d pe s z we / 百步之外的柳叶；一百步远的柳叶（例：flowers ten meters away 十米远的花；willow leaves a hundred paces away 百步之外的柳叶）
高频语块：declared that he would... 宣称他会……（例：The leader declared that he would help the poor. 领导人宣称他会帮助穷人。）
造句：The athlete declared that he would run at a speed of twenty kilometers per hour.（这位运动员宣称他会以每小时二十公里的速度奔跑。）
19. He drew his bow, and with a "whoosh," an arrow flew and a willow leaf fluttered down.
逐句翻译：他拉弓搭箭，“嗖” 的一声，一支箭飞了出去，一片柳叶应声飘落。
陌生单词：
drew his bow /dru h z b / 拉开他的弓；拉弓搭箭（例：drew the bow slowly 慢慢拉弓；drew his bow 拉弓搭箭）
with a "whoosh" /w w / 伴随着 “嗖” 的一声（拟声词，模拟箭飞的声音，例：with a “bang” 伴随着 “砰” 的一声；with a "whoosh" 伴随着 “嗖” 的一声）
an arrow flew / n r flu / 一支箭飞了出去；一支箭射了出去（“flew” 是 “fly” 的过去式，例：a bird flew away 一只鸟飞走了；an arrow flew 一支箭飞了出去）
a willow leaf fluttered down / w l li f fl t d da n/ 一片柳叶飘落下来；一片柳叶飘了下来（“flutter” 表 “飘动、飘落”，例：leaves fluttered down 树叶飘落；a willow leaf fluttered down 一片柳叶飘落）
高频语块：fluttered down 飘落下来；飘下（例：The snowflakes fluttered down from the sky. 雪花从天空中飘落下来。）
造句：She opened the window, and with a “wind”, a paper flew and a leaf fluttered down.（她打开窗户，伴随着 “呼” 的一声，一张纸飞了出去，一片树叶飘落下来。）
20. He fired ten arrows in total, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree.
逐句翻译：他一共射了十支箭，每一支都射中了柳树上的叶子。
陌生单词：
fired ten arrows in total /fa d ten r z n t tl/ 一共射出十支箭；总共射了十支箭（“in total” 表 “总共、一共”，例：bought five books in total 一共买了五本书；fired ten arrows in total 一共射了十支箭）
each one struck /i t w n str k/ 每一支都击中；每一支都射中（“struck” 是 “strike” 的过去式，表 “击中、射中”，例：each one hit 每一个都击中；each one struck 每一支都射中）
a leaf from the willow tree / li f fr m w l tri / 柳树上的一片叶子；来自柳树的叶子（例：a branch from the apple tree 苹果树上的一根树枝；a leaf from the willow tree 柳树上的叶子）
高频语块：in total 总共；一共（例：There are 50 students in total in our class. 我们班总共 50 名学生。）
造句：The player threw five balls in total, and each one struck the target accurately.（这位选手一共投了五个球，每一个都精准击中目标。）
21. The audience was amazed, and even Pan Hu admitted defeat wholeheartedly.
逐句翻译：观众们惊叹不已，就连潘虎也心服口服地认输了。
陌生单词：
the audience was amazed / di ns w z me zd/ 观众们感到惊讶；观众们惊叹不已（“amazed” 表 “惊讶的、惊叹的”，例：we were amazed 我们感到惊讶；the audience was amazed 观众们惊叹不已）
even Pan Hu / i vn p n hu / 甚至潘虎；就连潘虎（“even” 表 “甚至、即使”，例：even my mom 甚至我妈妈；even Pan Hu 就连潘虎）
admitted defeat / d m t d d fi t/ 承认失败；认输（“admit defeat” 表 “认输、承认失败”，例：refused to admit defeat 拒绝认输；admitted defeat 认输）
wholeheartedly / h l hɑ t dli/adv. 全心全意地；心服口服地（例：supported him wholeheartedly 全心全意支持他；admitted defeat wholeheartedly 心服口服地认输）
高频语块：admitted defeat 承认失败；认输（例：After realizing he couldn’t win, he admitted defeat gracefully. 意识到无法获胜后，他体面地认输了。）
造句：The crowd was amazed by her performance, and even her rival admitted defeat wholeheartedly.（观众们对她的表演惊叹不已，就连她的对手也心服口服地认输了。）
22. At that moment, an old man standing nearby said coolly, "Now I can teach you how to shoot!"
逐句翻译：就在这时，旁边一位老者冷冷地说：“现在我可以教你怎么射箭了！”
陌生单词：
at that moment / t t m m nt/ 在那一刻；就在这时（例：at this moment 此刻；at that moment 就在这时）
an old man standing nearby / n ld m n st nd n ba / 一位站在旁边的老者；旁边一位站立的老人（“standing nearby” 表 “站在附近的”，现在分词短语作定语，例：a boy sitting there 坐在那里的男孩；an old man standing nearby 旁边一位老者）
said coolly /sed ku lli/ 冷冷地说；冷淡地说（“coolly” 表 “冷淡地、冷静地”，例：replied coolly 冷淡地回答；said coolly 冷冷地说）
teach you how to shoot /ti t ju ha tu u t/ 教你怎么射箭；教你射箭的方法（“teach sb how to do sth” 表 “教某人如何做某事”，例：teach me how to swim 教我怎么游泳；teach you how to shoot 教你怎么射箭）
高频语块：teach sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事（例：My dad taught me how to ride a bike when I was six. 我六岁时，爸爸教我怎么骑自行车。）
造句：At that moment, a teacher passing by said gently, "Now I can teach you how to solve this problem!"（就在这时，一位路过的老师温柔地说：“现在我可以教你怎么解这道题了！”）
23. Yang Youji was very displeased to hear this and asked, "How do you plan to teach me archery "
逐句翻译：杨有吉听了这话，心里很不高兴，问道：“您打算怎么教我射箭呢？”
陌生单词：
was very displeased /w z veri d s pli zd/ 非常不高兴；很不悦（“displeased” 表 “不高兴的、不悦的”，例：was displeased with the result 对结果不满意；was very displeased 心里很不高兴）
to hear this /tu h s/ 听到这话；听到这件事（例：to hear the news 听到消息；to hear this 听到这话）
how do you plan to /ha du ju pl n tu/ 你打算如何；您计划怎么（“plan to do sth” 表 “计划做某事”，例：how do you plan to go 你打算怎么去；how do you plan to teach 您打算怎么教）
teach me archery /ti t mi ɑ t ri/ 教我射箭；教我箭术（“archery” 表 “射箭术、箭术”，例：learn archery 学习射箭；teach me archery 教我射箭）
高频语块：plan to do sth 计划做某事；打算做某事（例：I plan to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我打算这周末去看望祖父母。）
造句：Tom was very displeased to hear the bad news and asked, "How do you plan to fix this mistake "（汤姆听到坏消息后很不高兴，问道：“你打算怎么弥补这个错误呢？”）
24. The old man replied, "I will not teach you how to draw the bow or shoot the arrow. Instead, I will teach you how to protect your reputation."
逐句翻译：老者回答：“我不教你拉弓射箭的技巧，而是要教你如何保住自己的名声。”
陌生单词：
replied /r pla d/v. 回答；回应（“reply” 的过去式，例：answered 回答；replied 回答）
draw the bow /dr b / 拉弓；拉开弓（例：draw the bow with strength 用力拉弓；draw the bow 拉弓）
shoot the arrow / u t r / 射箭；发射箭（例：shoot the arrow at the target 朝靶射箭；shoot the arrow 射箭）
instead / n sted/adv. 反而；而是（表转折，例：not coffee but tea instead 不是咖啡而是茶；Instead, I will teach 而是要教）
protect your reputation /pr tekt j repju te n/ 保护你的名声；保住你的声誉（“protect” 表 “保护、维护”，“reputation” 表 “名声、声誉”，例：protect one’s name 保护某人的名声；protect your reputation 保住自己的名声）
高频语块：instead 反而；而是（例：He didn’t play games. Instead, he studied hard. 他没玩游戏，反而努力学习了。）
造句：My mom said, "I will not buy you a toy. Instead, I will buy you a useful book to help your study."（妈妈说：“我不给你买玩具，而是要给你买一本有用的书，帮助你学习。”）
25. You can now hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces. But if your body becomes tired, your breath grows weak, or your arm loses its strength, and you miss just one shot, your famous reputation for 'hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces' will be damaged.
逐句翻译：你现在能百步穿杨，但如果有一天你身体疲惫、气息微弱，或是手臂没了力气，只要失手一次，你 “百步穿杨” 的美名就会受损。
陌生单词：
hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces /h t w l li f t h ndr d pe s z/ 百步穿杨；在百步之外射中柳叶（成语本义，例：his skill of hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces 他百步穿杨的技艺；hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces 百步穿杨）
your body becomes tired /j b di b k mz ta d/ 你的身体变得疲惫；你身体疲惫（例：my eyes become tired 我的眼睛变累；your body becomes tired 你身体疲惫）
your breath grows weak /j breθ ɡr z wi k/ 你的气息变得微弱；你气息微弱（“grow” 表 “变得、逐渐”，例：the wind grows strong 风变大；your breath grows weak 你气息微弱）
your arm loses its strength /j ɑ m lu z z ts stre θ/ 你的手臂失去力气；你手臂没了力气（“lose strength” 表 “失去力气”，例：lose my strength 我没了力气；your arm loses its strength 你手臂没了力气）
miss just one shot /m s d st w n t/ 只失手一次；仅仅射偏一次（“miss” 表 “未射中、失手”，“shot” 表 “射击、一箭”，例：miss a target 射偏靶；miss just one shot 失手一次）
will be damaged /w l bi d m d/ 将会受损；会被破坏（被动语态，“damage” 表 “损害、破坏”，例：the book will be damaged 书会受损；your famous reputation will be damaged 你的美名会受损）
高频语块：if... （条件句）如果……（例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。）
造句：You can now play the piano well. But if you stop practicing, your fingers become stiff, or you forget the music, and you make just one mistake, your reputation for playing the piano well will be damaged.（你现在钢琴弹得好，但如果有一天你停止练习、手指变僵硬，或是忘了乐谱，只要出错一次，你钢琴弹得好的名声就会受损。）
26. A truly good archer knows how to maintain his good name!
逐句翻译：真正优秀的射手，懂得如何维护自己的好名声！
陌生单词：
a truly good archer / tru li ɡ d ɑ t (r)/ 一位真正优秀的射手；真正好的弓箭手（“truly” 表 “真正地、确实地”，例：a truly kind person 真正善良的人；a truly good archer 真正优秀的射手）
knows how to maintain /n z ha tu me n te n/ 知道如何维护；懂得怎样保持（“maintain” 表 “维护、保持”，例：know how to keep 知道如何保持；knows how to maintain 懂得如何维护）
his good name /h z ɡ d ne m/ 他的好名声；他的美名（“good name” 表 “好名声、美名”，例：protect her good name 维护她的好名声；his good name 他的好名声）
高频语块：know how to do sth 知道如何做某事（例：She knows how to cook delicious food. 她知道如何做美味的食物。）
造句：A truly good student knows how to maintain his good grades by working hard every day.（真正优秀的学生，懂得通过每天努力学习来保持自己的好成绩！）
27. Upon hearing this, Yang Youji immediately understood the old man's good intentions. He thanked the old man again and again.
逐句翻译：杨有吉听了这话，立刻明白了老者的良苦用心，连连向老者道谢。
陌生单词：
upon hearing this / p n h r s/ 一听到这话；听了这话后（“upon doing sth” 表 “一…… 就……”，例：upon seeing her 一见到她；upon hearing this 听了这话后）
immediately understood / mi di tli nd st d/ 立刻明白；马上理解（“immediately” 表 “立刻、马上”，例：quickly understood 很快明白；immediately understood 立刻明白）
the old man's good intentions / ld m nz ɡ d n ten nz/ 老者的好意；老者的良苦用心（“good intentions” 表 “好意、良苦用心”，例：her good intentions 她的好意；the old man's good intentions 老者的良苦用心）
thanked the old man again and again /θ kt ld m n ɡen nd ɡen/ 一次又一次感谢老者；连连向老者道谢（“again and again” 表 “反复、连连”，例：tried again and again 反复尝试；thanked...again and again 连连道谢）
高频语块：again and again 反复地；一次又一次（例：He called his friend again and again, but no one answered. 他反复给朋友打电话，但没人接。）
造句：Upon hearing the teacher's explanation, Tom immediately understood his mistake. He apologized to his classmate again and again.（听了老师的解释，汤姆立刻明白了自己的错误，连连向同学道歉。）
28. After hearing the story of "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces," Bai Qi understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of having never lost a battle.
逐句翻译：白起听完 “百步穿杨” 的故事后，明白自己需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。
陌生单词：
after hearing the story of / ɑ ft h r st ri v/ 听完…… 的故事后；听了…… 的故事之后（例：after reading the story of 读完…… 的故事后；after hearing the story of 听完…… 的故事后）
needed to maintain his reputation / ni d d tu me n te n h z repju te n/ 需要维护他的名声；需要保持他的声誉（“need to do sth” 表 “需要做某事”，例：need to protect 需要保护；needed to maintain his reputation 需要维护他的名声）
having never lost a battle / h v nev l st b tl/ 从无败绩；从未输掉一场战斗（现在分词短语作定语，修饰 “reputation”，例：having never made a mistake 从未犯错；having never lost a battle 从无败绩）
高频语块：after hearing 听完…… 之后（例：After hearing the song, she felt very happy. 听完这首歌后，她感到很开心。）
造句：After hearing the story of the brave hero, the child understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of being honest.（听完勇敢英雄的故事后，这个孩子明白自己需要维护 “诚实” 的名声。）
29. He realized he shouldn't launch another attack when he was mentally tired after consecutive victories against two states.
逐句翻译：他意识到，在接连击败两个国家后，自己心力俱疲，不应再发动进攻。
陌生单词：
realized / ri la zd/v. 意识到；认识到（例：She realized she was late. 她意识到自己迟到了；realized 意识到）
shouldn't launch another attack / dnt l nt n t k/ 不应该发动另一场进攻；不应再发起攻击（“launch” 表 “发动、发起”，例：launch a project 启动项目；launch another attack 发动另一场进攻）
mentally tired / ment li ta d/ 精神疲惫的；心力俱疲的（“mentally” 表 “精神上、心理上”，例：mentally weak 精神脆弱；mentally tired 心力俱疲）
after consecutive victories / ɑ ft k n sekjut v v kt riz/ 在接连的胜利之后；连续获胜后（“consecutive” 表 “连续的、接连的”，例：consecutive days 连续几天；after consecutive victories 接连胜利后）
against two states / ɡenst tu ste ts/ 对抗两个国家；击败两个国家（“states” 此处指战国时期的 “诸侯国”，例：fight against three states 对抗三个国家；against two states 击败两个国家）
高频语块：launch an attack 发动进攻（例：The army decided to launch an attack at dawn. 军队决定黎明发动进攻。）
造句：The coach realized the team shouldn't take part in another match when they were physically tired after consecutive wins against three teams.（教练意识到，在接连击败三支队伍后，队员们身体疲惫，不应再参加另一场比赛。）
30. So, he used illness as an excuse and stopped the advance against Liang.
逐句翻译：于是，他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军。
陌生单词：
used illness as an excuse /ju zd ln s z n k skju s/ 用生病作为借口；以生病为由（“use...as an excuse” 表 “用…… 作为借口”，例：use rain as an excuse 用下雨作为借口；used illness as an excuse 以生病为由）
stopped the advance /st pt i d vɑ ns/ 停止了进军；中止了推进（“advance” 表 “进军、推进”，例：continue the advance 继续进军；stopped the advance 停止进军）
against Liang / ɡenst liɑ / 对梁国（的进攻）；针对梁国（“against” 表 “针对、对抗”，例：attack against the enemy 对敌人的进攻；against Liang 对梁国）
高频语块：use...as an excuse 用…… 作为借口（例：He used his busy work as an excuse for not attending the meeting. 他用工作忙作为不参加会议的借口。）
造句：So, she used a family emergency as an excuse and stopped her trip to the countryside.（于是，她以家庭急事为由，中止了去乡下的旅行。）
31. The original meaning of this idiom is hitting a thin willow leaf from a hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶。
陌生单词：
the original meaning of / r d nl mi n v/ …… 的本义；…… 的原意（例：the original meaning of the word 这个单词的本义；the original meaning of this idiom 这个成语的本义）
hitting a thin willow leaf /h t θ n w l li f/ 射中纤细的柳叶；击中薄柳叶（动名词短语作表语，例：swimming in the river 河里游泳；hitting a thin willow leaf 射中纤细的柳叶）
from a hundred paces away /fr m h ndr d pe s z we / 从百步之外；在一百步远的地方（例：see clearly from fifty meters away 从五十米远能看清；from a hundred paces away 从百步之外）
高频语块：the original meaning of... …… 的本义（例：We should first learn the original meaning of each idiom. 我们应该先学习每个成语的本义。）
造句：The original meaning of this phrase is climbing a high mountain from a small path.（这个短语的本义是从小路攀登高山。）
32. It now describes someone with great ability and superb skill. It is often used to metaphorically represent exceptional archery skills.
逐句翻译：如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用作比喻，指代非凡的射箭技艺。
陌生单词：
describes someone with great ability /d skra bz s mw n w ɡre t b l ti/ 形容有杰出能力的人；描述能力出众的人（“with great ability” 表 “有杰出能力的”，例：a student with great ability 有杰出能力的学生；describes someone with great ability 形容能力出众的人）
superb skill /su p b sk l/ 精湛的技艺；高超的技能（例：show superb skill 展现精湛技艺；superb skill 技艺高超）
is often used to metaphorically represent / fn ju zd tu met f r k li repr zent/ 常被用作比喻指代；常作隐喻表示（“metaphorically represent” 表 “比喻指代、隐喻表示”，例：is used to metaphorically represent courage 被用来比喻指代勇气；is often used to metaphorically represent 常被用作比喻指代）
exceptional archery skills / k sep nl ɑ t ri sk lz/ 非凡的射箭技艺；杰出的箭术（“exceptional” 表 “非凡的、杰出的”，例：exceptional musical skills 非凡的音乐技艺；exceptional archery skills 非凡的射箭技艺）
高频语块：with great ability 有杰出能力的（例：The scientist with great ability made many important discoveries. 这位有杰出能力的科学家有许多重要发现。）
造句：This word now describes someone with great creativity and superb art skills. It is often used to metaphorically represent outstanding painting skills.（这个词如今形容有高度创造力、技艺高超的人，常被用作比喻，指代出色的绘画技艺。）
核心知识点汇总（复习专用）
1. 重点动词短语
动词短语 含义 例句
led...to successive victories 率领…… 取得接连胜利 The general led his army to successive victories.
warned sb that... 警告某人…… She warned me that the road was dangerous.
sent sb to persuade 派某人去劝说 The king sent a messenger to persuade the enemy.
declared that... 宣称……；宣布…… He declared that he would help the poor.
admitted defeat 承认失败；认输 The team admitted defeat after the game.
used...as an excuse 用…… 作为借口 He used his illness as an excuse for being late.
launched an attack 发动进攻 The army launched an attack at night.
described someone with... 形容有…… 的人 The book describes a hero with great courage.
2. 高频语法与结构
“upon doing sth” 时间状语：表 “一…… 就……”，例：Upon finishing homework, he went out to play.（一做完作业，他就出去玩了。）
“if” 条件句：表 “如果……，就……”，例：If you study hard, you will get good grades.（如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩。）
现在分词短语作定语 / 状语：
作定语：an old man standing nearby（站在旁边的老者）、a leaf from the willow tree（柳树上的叶子）；
作状语：earning him loud cheers（为他赢得喝彩）、thanked the old man again and again（连连道谢）。
被动语态 “be + 过去分词”：如 “was set”“will be damaged”“is used”，例：The letter was written by my sister.（这封信是我姐姐写的。）
“instead” 表转折：用于否定前文内容，引出替代内容，例：I didn’t eat rice. Instead, I ate noodles.（我没吃米饭，而是吃了面条。）
3. 文化相关词汇拓展（适配 “战国历史 + 成语” 主题）
英文词汇 / 短语 中文含义 文本语境应用
the Warring States period 战国时期 Many stories happened in the Warring States period.
Qin/Chu/Wei/Liang 秦 / 楚 / 魏 / 梁（国） Qin was a strong state in ancient China.
archer/archery skills 射手 / 射箭技艺 Yang Youji was a famous archer with superb archery skills.
paces 步（长度单位） The target was set over fifty paces away.
reputation 名声；声誉 Bai Qi wanted to maintain his reputation of never losing.
Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces 百步穿杨 Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces describes someone with superb skills.
百步穿杨（场景复述练习）
During the Warring States period, Qin’s general Bai Qi planned to attack Liang after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei. Strategist Su Li went to persuade him by telling a story[1].
In Chu, archer Yang Youji held a contest with Pan Hu. Pan Hu hit the bullseye at fifty paces, but Yang Youji declared he would shoot willow leaves at a hundred paces. He fired ten arrows—each struck a leaf, amazing the audience[2]. An old man then told Yang Youji: “Protect your reputation! If you miss once, your ‘hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces’ fame will be damaged[3].”
Bai Qi understood the story: he was mentally tired after consecutive wins and needed to maintain his “never lost” reputation. So he used illness as an excuse to stop the advance against Liang[4].
This idiom’s original meaning is hitting a thin willow leaf at a hundred paces. Now it describes someone with great ability and superb skill, often used to praise exceptional expertise[5].
中文翻译
战国时期，秦国将领白起率领军队接连击败韩、魏两国后，计划攻打梁国。谋士苏厉通过讲一个故事来劝说他放弃进攻 [1]。
在楚国，射手杨有吉与潘虎比试箭术。潘虎在五十步外射中靶心，但杨有吉宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。他射出十支箭 —— 每一支都命中柳叶，令观众惊叹不已 [2]。随后一位老者对杨有吉说：“要保住你的名声！一旦失手一次，你‘百步穿杨’的美名就会受损 [3]。”
白起听懂了故事的深意：接连获胜后自己已心力俱疲，需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。于是他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军 [4]。
这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶，如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用于夸赞非凡的专业技能 [5]。
高频语块清单（附用法）
[1] leading...to successive victories（动词短语）：率领…… 取得接连胜利（例：The coach led the team to successive victories in three matches.）
[2] each struck a leaf（动词短语）：每一支都射中树叶（例：The archer practiced hard, and each arrow struck a small target.）
[3] protect your reputation（动词短语）：维护你的名声（例：A good actor knows how to protect his reputation with excellent performances.）
[4] used illness as an excuse（动词短语）：以生病为由（例：She used a headache as an excuse to skip the meeting.）
[5] describes someone with great ability（动词短语）：形容有杰出能力的人（例：This award describes someone with great ability in scientific research.）
[6] held a contest（动词短语）：举办比赛；进行比试（例：The school held a contest to find the best singer.）
[7] mentally tired（形容词短语）：精神疲惫的；心力俱疲的（例：After working for 12 hours, he felt mentally tired and wanted to rest.）
[8] exceptional expertise（名词短语）：非凡的专业技能（例：Years of practice helped her develop exceptional expertise in playing the violin.）
"Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces"English Exercises
I. 阅读理解单选题 (Reading Comprehension: Multiple Choice)
Read the passage "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces" again and choose the best answer for each question.
1. Why did Su Li go to see the king of Zhou
A. To ask for a job.
B. To warn him about the danger from Qin.
C. To tell him a story about an archer.
D. To help Bai Qi attack Liang.
2. What was Bai Qi planning to do after defeating Han and Wei
A. Go back to Qin.
B. Attack the state of Liang.
C. Visit the king of Zhou.
D. Become a farmer.
3. Who was Yang Youji
A. A famous general from Qin.
B. A strategist from Zhou.
C. A famous archer from Chu.
D. A king from Wei.
4. Where was the target set for Pan Hu's shot
A. One hundred paces away.
B. On a willow leaf.
C. Over fifty paces away.
D. Right next to him.
5. How many arrows did Pan Hu shoot, and how many hit the bullseye
A. Three, all hit the bullseye.
B. Ten, all hit the bullseye.
C. One, it hit a leaf.
D. Three, none hit the bullseye.
6. What did Yang Youji shoot at
A. A bullseye fifty paces away.
B. Willow leaves one hundred paces away.
C. Pan Hu's arrows.
D. A bird in the sky.
7. How did the audience react to Yang Youji's shooting
A. They were bored.
B. They were angry.
C. They were amazed.
D. They laughed.
8. What did the old man want to teach Yang Youji
A. How to draw the bow stronger.
B. How to shoot a smaller target.
C. How to protect his reputation.
D. How to beat Pan Hu again.
9. According to the old man, what could damage Yang Youji's reputation
A. If he stopped practicing.
B. If he lost a contest against Pan Hu.
C. If he missed one shot when he was tired.
D. If he taught others his skill.
10. How did Yang Youji feel about the old man's advice in the end
A. He was angry and refused to listen.
B. He was thankful.
C. He was confused.
D. He didn't care.
II. 完形填空题 (Cloze Test)
Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank.
Word Bank: `archery` `bullseye` `reputation` `strategist` `superb` `thankful` `target` `willow leaf` `paces` `wholeheartedly`
Su Li was a (1) ________ who warned the king about General Bai Qi. He told Bai Qi a story about an archer named Yang Youji, who had (2) ________ skills. Another archer, Pan Hu, could hit the (3) ________ every time from fifty (4) ________ away. But Yang Youji shot at a (5) ________ one hundred paces away and succeeded. Everyone was amazed, and Pan Hu admitted defeat (6) ________. Then an old man spoke to Yang Youji. He didn't teach him (7) ________, but taught him how to protect his (8) ________. He said if Yang Youji got tired and missed a (9) ________, his fame would be hurt. Yang Youji understood and was (10) ________.
III. 短语填空 (Phrase Fill-in-the-Blank)
Complete the sentences using phrases from the word bank.
Word Bank: `turned towards` `upon learning` `in a row` `pleased with` `take his turn` `admitted defeat` `protect your reputation` `maintain his good name` `good intentions` `again and again`
1. The car _______________ the left and drove up the hill.
2. _______________ the news, she immediately called her family.
3. The basketball player scored three points _______________.
4. He was very _______________ his exam results.
5. After Pan Hu finished, it was time for Yang Youji to _______________.
6. After losing the game, he _______________ and shook the winner's hand.
7. It is important to _______________ by being honest and reliable.
8. A good leader must know how to _______________.
9. Even though his advice was hard, I knew he had _______________.
10. She thanked her teacher _______________ for the help.
IV. 句子翻译 (Translation: Chinese to English)
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 苏厉去劝说白起停止进攻梁国。
2. 他给白起讲了一个故事。
3. 养由基是一位著名的射手。
4. 潘虎连射三箭，箭箭都正中红心。
5. 养由基要射百步以外的杨柳叶。
6. 他连发十箭，箭箭都射下了杨柳叶。
7. 观众都惊呆了。
8. 老人想教养由基如何保持自己的名声。
9. 如果你一箭不中，名声就会受到影响。
10. 养由基明白了老人的好意。
V. 句型转换题 (Sentence Transformation)
Rewrite the sentences as required.
1. Su Li went to see the king of Zhou. (改为一般疑问句)
________ Su Li ________ to see the king of Zhou
2. Bai Qi led his troops to victories against Han and Wei. (对划线部分提问)
________ did Bai Qi lead his troops to victories against
3. Pan Hu hit the bullseye three times. (改为否定句)
Pan Hu ________ ________ the bullseye three times.
4. "I will shoot at willow leaves," Yang Youji said. (改为间接引语)
Yang Youji said that ________ ________ shoot at willow leaves.
5. The audience cheered for Pan Hu. (改为被动语态)
Pan Hu ________ ________ for by the audience.
6. Yang Youji was strong. He could shoot perfectly. (用 `so... that...` 连接句子)
Yang Youji was ________ strong ________ he could shoot perfectly.
7. The old man gave advice. Yang Youji understood it. (用 `that` 连接句子)
The old man gave advice ________ Yang Youji understood.
8. This is a valuable lesson. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ valuable lesson this is!
9. If you miss one shot, your reputation will be damaged. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ if you miss one shot
10. The old man's intentions were good. Yang Youji thanked him. (用 `Because of` 开头连接句子)
________ ________ the old man's good intentions, Yang Youji thanked him.
Answer Key
I. Reading Comprehension
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
II. Cloze Test
1. strategist
2. superb
3. bullseye
4. paces
5. willow leaf
6. wholeheartedly
7. archery
8. reputation
9. target
10. thankful
III. Phrase Fill-in-the-Blank
1. turned towards
2. Upon learning
3. in a row
4. pleased with
5. take his turn
6. admitted defeat
7. maintain his good name
8. protect your reputation
9. good intentions
10. again and again
IV. Translation
1. Su Li went to persuade Bai Qi to stop attacking Liang.
2. He told Bai Qi a story.
3. Yang Youji was a famous archer.
4. Pan Hu fired three arrows in a row, and each one hit the bullseye.
5. Yang Youji wanted to shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away.
6. He fired ten arrows in a row, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree.
7. The audience was amazed.
8. The old man wanted to teach Yang Youji how to protect his reputation.
9. If you miss one shot, your reputation will be damaged.
10. Yang Youji understood the old man's good intentions.
V. Sentence Transformation
1. Did, go
2. Who
3. did not hit
4. he would
5. was cheered
6. so, that
7. that
8. What a
9. What will happen
10. Because of
Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces
(百步穿杨)
Original Meaning:
This idiom literally describes the ability to shoot an arrow that can hit a thin willow leaf from a distance of one hundred paces away.
Extended Meaning:
It now describes someone who is highly skilled and has exceptional ability in their field. It is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding archery skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery.
During the Warring States period, the famous Qin general Bai Qi, after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei, turned his army towards the state of Liang. The strategist Su Li, upon learning this news, immediately went to see the king of the Zhou dynasty. He warned the king that if the Qin army captured Liang, the Zhou dynasty's situation would become very dangerous. The king listened to Su Li's advice and sent him to persuade Bai Qi to stop the attack.
When Su Li met Bai Qi, he told him a story: In the state of Chu, there was a famous archer named Yang Youji. He was incredibly strong and possessed superb archery skills. At that time, Wei also had a skilled archer named Pan Hu. One day, the two decided to hold a contest, and a crowd gathered to watch.
The target was set over fifty paces away. Pan Hu went first. He drew his bow and fired three arrows in a row. Each one hit the bullseye perfectly, earning him loud cheers from the audience. Pan Hu was very pleased with himself and asked Yang Youji to take his turn.
Yang Youji thought that hitting a bullseye at fifty paces was too easy. He declared that he would shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away. He drew his bow, and with a "whoosh," an arrow flew and a willow leaf fluttered down. He fired ten arrows in total, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree. The audience was amazed, and even Pan Hu admitted defeat wholeheartedly.
At that moment, an old man standing nearby said coolly, "Now I can teach you how to shoot!"
Yang Youji was very displeased to hear this and asked, "How do you plan to teach me archery "
The old man replied, "I will not teach you how to draw the bow or shoot the arrow. Instead, I will teach you how to protect your reputation. You can now hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces. But if your body becomes tired, your breath grows weak, or your arm loses its strength, and you miss just one shot, your famous reputation for 'hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces' will be damaged. A truly good archer knows how to maintain his good name!"
Upon hearing this, Yang Youji immediately understood the old man's good intentions. He thanked the old man again and again.
After hearing the story of "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces," Bai Qi understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of having never lost a battle. He realized he shouldn't launch another attack when he was mentally tired after consecutive victories against two states. So, he used illness as an excuse and stopped the advance against Liang.
The original meaning of this idiom is hitting a thin willow leaf from a hundred paces away. It now describes someone with great ability and superb skill. It is often used to metaphorically represent exceptional archery skills.
百步穿杨（全文翻译）
本义：
这个成语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在百步之外射中一片纤细的柳叶。
引申义：
如今，它用来形容某人技艺高超，在所属领域具备非凡能力。它常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的射箭技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞任何领域中精湛的专业技能与精通程度。
战国时期，秦国名将白起率领军队接连击败韩国和魏国后，转而率军攻打梁国。谋士苏厉得知此消息后，立即去拜见周天子。他警告周天子，若秦军攻下梁国，周朝的处境将变得十分危险。周天子采纳了苏厉的建议，派他去劝说白起停止进攻。
苏厉见到白起后，给他讲了一个故事：在楚国，有一位名叫养由基的著名射手。他力大无穷，且箭术精湛。当时，魏国有一位同样擅长射箭的人，名叫潘虎。一天，两人决定比试箭术，一群人围过来观看。
靶子被设在五十步开外。潘虎先上场，他拉弓射箭，一连射出三支箭，每一支都精准射中靶心，赢得了观众们的高声喝彩。潘虎得意洋洋，让养由基接着来。
养由基觉得五十步外射中靶心太容易了。他宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。他拉弓搭箭，“嗖” 的一声，一支箭飞了出去，一片柳叶应声飘落。他一共射了十支箭，每一支都射中了柳树上的叶子。观众们惊叹不已，就连潘虎也心服口服地认输了。
就在这时，旁边一位老者冷冷地说：“现在我可以教你怎么射箭了！”
养由基听了这话，心里很不高兴，问道：“您打算怎么教我射箭呢？”
老者回答：“我不教你拉弓射箭的技巧，而是要教你如何保住自己的名声。你现在能百步穿杨，但如果有一天你身体疲惫、气息微弱，或是手臂没了力气，只要失手一次，你‘百步穿杨’的美名就会受损。真正优秀的射手，懂得如何维护自己的好名声！”
养由基听了这话，立刻明白了老者的良苦用心，连连向老者道谢。
白起听完 “百步穿杨” 的故事后，明白自己需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。他意识到，在接连击败两个国家后，自己心力俱疲，不应再发动进攻。于是，他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军。
这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶，如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用作比喻，指代非凡的射箭技艺。
水平逐句翻译 + 解析
1. Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces (百步穿杨)
逐句翻译：百步穿杨（成语，指射箭技艺高超，能在百步之外射中柳叶）
陌生单词：
Hitting a Willow Leaf 射中柳叶（“hit” 表 “射中、击中”，“willow leaf” 表 “柳叶”，例：hit a small target 射中小靶子；Hitting a Willow Leaf 射中柳叶）
at a Hundred Paces 在百步之外（“pace” 表 “步（长度单位）”，“a Hundred Paces” 表 “百步”，例：run a hundred paces 跑百步；at a Hundred Paces 在百步之外）
高频语块：Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces 百步穿杨（成语标题，例：The archer’s skill is like “Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces”. 这位射手的技艺如同 “百步穿杨”。）
造句：People often use “Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces” to praise someone with superb shooting skills.（人们常用 “百步穿杨” 来夸赞射箭技艺高超的人。）
2. Original Meaning: This idiom literally describes the ability to shoot an arrow that can hit a thin willow leaf from a distance of one hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：本义：这个成语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在百步之外射中一片纤细的柳叶。
陌生单词：
Original Meaning 本义；原意（固定搭配，例：the original meaning of a word 单词的本义；Original Meaning 本义）
literally describes / l t r li d skra bz/ 字面描述；字面意思是（“literally” 表 “字面地”，例：literally mean 字面意思是；literally describes 字面描述）
shoot an arrow / u t n r / 射箭；发射弓箭（例：learn to shoot an arrow 学习射箭；shoot an arrow 射箭）
thin willow leaf /θ n w l li f/ 纤细的柳叶；薄柳叶（“thin” 表 “纤细的”，例：a thin piece of paper 一张薄纸；thin willow leaf 纤细的柳叶）
from a distance of /fr m d st ns v/ 从…… 的距离；在…… 远的地方（例：from a distance of 20 meters 从 20 米远的地方；from a distance of one hundred paces 从百步的距离）
高频语块：the ability to do sth 做某事的能力（例：She has the ability to play the piano well. 她有弹好钢琴的能力。）
造句：This phrase literally describes the ability to lift a heavy stone from a distance of five meters away.（这个短语字面意思是描述一种能力 —— 能在五米远的地方举起一块重石头。）
3. Extended Meaning: It now describes someone who is highly skilled and has exceptional ability in their field.
逐句翻译：引申义：如今，它用来形容某人技艺高超，在所属领域具备非凡能力。
陌生单词：
Extended Meaning 引申义；扩展义（固定搭配，例：the extended meaning of an idiom 成语的引申义；Extended Meaning 引申义）
highly skilled /ha li sk ld/ 技艺高超的；技能娴熟的（“highly” 表 “高度地”，“skilled” 表 “有技能的”，例：a highly skilled doctor 技艺高超的医生；someone who is highly skilled 技艺高超的人）
exceptional ability / k sep nl b l ti/ 非凡能力；杰出才能（“exceptional” 表 “非凡的”，例：exceptional talent 非凡天赋；exceptional ability 非凡能力）
in their field / n e fi ld/ 在他们的领域；在所属行业（“field” 表 “领域、行业”，例：in the field of art 在艺术领域；in their field 在所属领域）
高频语块：is used to describe 被用来形容（例：This word is used to describe people who are brave. 这个词用来形容勇敢的人。）
造句：This term now describes someone who is highly creative and has exceptional ability in the field of design.（这个术语如今用来形容在设计领域有高度创造力、具备非凡能力的人。）
4. It is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding archery skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery.
逐句翻译：它常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的射箭技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞任何领域中精湛的专业技能与精通程度。
陌生单词：
is often used metaphorically / fn ju zd met f r k li/ 常被用作比喻；常作隐喻（“metaphorically” 表 “比喻地”，例：used metaphorically to mean 被比喻地用来表示；is often used metaphorically 常被用作比喻）
praise outstanding archery skills /pre z a t st nd ɑ t ri sk lz/ 夸赞出色的射箭技艺；表扬杰出的箭术（“outstanding” 表 “出色的”，“archery skills” 表 “射箭技艺”，例：praise outstanding performance 夸赞出色的表现；praise outstanding archery skills 夸赞出色的射箭技艺）
more broadly /m br dli/ 更广泛地；更宽泛地（例：more broadly speaking 更宽泛地说；more broadly 更广泛地）
superb expertise /su p b eksp ti z/ 精湛的专业技能；高超的专业知识（“superb” 表 “精湛的”，“expertise” 表 “专业技能”，例：superb cooking expertise 精湛的烹饪技能；superb expertise 精湛的专业技能）
mastery / mɑ st ri/n. 精通；掌握（例：mastery of English 英语的精通；mastery 精通程度）
高频语块：any kind of 任何种类的（例：Any kind of help is welcome here. 这里欢迎任何形式的帮助。）
造句：This saying is often used metaphorically to praise outstanding musical skills or, more broadly, any kind of superb expertise or mastery in sports.（这句俗语常被用作比喻，夸赞出色的音乐技艺，或更广泛地用于夸赞体育领域中任何种类的精湛专业技能与精通程度。）
5. During the Warring States period, the famous Qin general Bai Qi, after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei, turned his army towards the state of Liang.
逐句翻译：战国时期，秦国名将白起率领军队接连击败韩国和魏国后，转而率军攻打梁国。
陌生单词：
During the Warring States period / w r ste ts p ri d/ 战国时期（中国历史时期，公元前 475-221 年，例：ancient China during the Warring States period 战国时期的古代中国；During the Warring States period 战国时期）
Qin general Bai Qi /t n d enr l ba t i / 秦国将领白起；秦将白起（“Qin” 指 “秦国”，“general” 表 “将领”，专有名词，例：the great Qin general 秦国名将；Qin general Bai Qi 秦将白起）
leading his troops / li d h z tru ps/ 率领他的军队；带领他的部队（“lead” 表 “率领”，“troops” 表 “军队、部队”，例：lead troops into battle 率军参战；leading his troops 率领他的军队）
successive victories /s k ses v v kt riz/ 接连的胜利；连续的胜利（“successive” 表 “接连的、连续的”，例：three successive wins 三连胜；successive victories 接连的胜利）
against Han and Wei / ɡenst h n nd we / 对抗韩国和魏国；攻打韩魏（“against” 表 “对抗、反对”，“Han”“Wei” 指战国时期的 “韩国”“魏国”，例：fight against enemies 对抗敌人；against Han and Wei 对抗韩魏）
turned his army towards /t nd h z ɑ mi t w dz/ 把他的军队转向；率军前往（“turn...towards” 表 “把…… 转向”，例：turn the team towards a new goal 让团队朝着新目标前进；turned his army towards 率军前往）
the state of Liang /ste t v liɑ / 梁国（战国时期的诸侯国，专有名词，例：the small state of Liang 小国梁国；the state of Liang 梁国）
高频语块：after leading...to... 在率领…… 取得…… 之后（例：After leading the team to three wins, the coach became famous. 在率领球队取得三连胜后，教练出名了。）
造句：During the Tang Dynasty, the famous general, after leading his troops to successive victories against foreign invaders, turned his army towards the western border.（唐朝时期，这位名将率领军队接连击败外来入侵者后，转而率军前往西部边境。）
6. The strategist Su Li, upon learning this news, immediately went to see the king of the Zhou dynasty.
逐句翻译：谋士苏厉得知此消息后，立即去拜见周天子。
陌生单词：
strategist / str t d st/n. 谋士；战略家（例：a military strategist 军事谋士；The strategist Su Li 谋士苏厉）
upon learning this news / p n l n s nju z/ 得知这个消息后；一得知此消息（“upon doing sth” 表 “一…… 就……”，例：upon hearing the news 一听到消息；upon learning this news 得知此消息后）
immediately went to see / mi di tli went tu si / 立即去见；马上前去拜见（“immediately” 表 “立即、马上”，例：immediately go to help 立即去帮忙；immediately went to see 立即去拜见）
the king of the Zhou dynasty /d a d n sti/ 周天子；周朝的国王（“Zhou dynasty” 指 “周朝”，“dynasty” 表 “朝代”，例：the last king of the Zhou dynasty 周朝的最后一位君主；the king of the Zhou dynasty 周天子）
高频语块：upon doing sth 一…… 就……（例：Upon arriving home, she started to cook. 一到家，她就开始做饭。）
造句：The teacher, upon learning that the student was ill, immediately went to see him after class.（老师得知这个学生生病后，课后立即去看望他。）
7. He warned the king that if the Qin army captured Liang, the Zhou dynasty's situation would become very dangerous.
逐句翻译：他警告周天子，若秦军攻下梁国，周朝的处境将变得十分危险。
陌生单词：
warned the king that /w nd k t/ 警告国王 / 君主……；提醒君主……（“warn” 表 “警告、提醒”，例：warn him that it’s dangerous 警告他有危险；warned the king that 警告周天子……）
captured Liang / k pt d liɑ / 攻占梁国；拿下梁国（“capture” 表 “攻占、夺取”，例：capture a city 攻占一座城市；captured Liang 攻下梁国）
the Zhou dynasty's situation / s t u e n/ 周朝的处境；周朝的形势（“situation” 表 “处境、形势”，例：the country’s situation 国家的处境；the Zhou dynasty's situation 周朝的处境）
would become very dangerous /w d b k m veri de nd r s/ 将会变得非常危险；将变得十分危急（过去将来时，例：would become better 将会变得更好；would become very dangerous 将会变得十分危险）
高频语块：warned sb that... 警告某人……（例：The doctor warned him that he should stop smoking. 医生警告他应该戒烟。）
造句：The farmer warned his family that if it didn’t rain soon, their crops would become very dangerous.（农夫警告家人，若再不降雨，他们的庄稼将变得十分危急。）
8. The king listened to Su Li's advice and sent him to persuade Bai Qi to stop the attack.
逐句翻译：周天子采纳了苏厉的建议，派他去劝说白起停止进攻。
陌生单词：
listened to Su Li's advice / l snd tu s li z d va s/ 听取苏厉的建议；采纳苏厉的意见（“listen to one’s advice” 表 “听取某人的建议”，例：listen to my mother’s advice 听取妈妈的建议；listened to Su Li's advice 采纳苏厉的建议）
sent him to persuade /sent h m tu p swe d/ 派他去劝说；派他去说服（“send sb to do sth” 表 “派某人做某事”，“persuade” 表 “劝说、说服”，例：send her to ask for help 派她去求助；sent him to persuade 派他去劝说）
stop the attack /st p t k/ 停止进攻；中止攻击（“attack” 表 “进攻、攻击”，例：stop the enemy’s attack 阻止敌人的进攻；stop the attack 停止进攻）
高频语块：send sb to persuade sb to do sth 派某人去劝说某人做某事（例：The manager sent his assistant to persuade the customer to accept the plan. 经理派助手去劝说客户接受方案。）
造句：The teacher listened to the student’s advice and sent her to persuade her classmates to clean the classroom.（老师采纳了这个学生的建议，派她去劝说同学们打扫教室。）
9. When Su Li met Bai Qi, he told him a story: In the state of Chu, there was a famous archer named Yang Youji.
逐句翻译：苏厉见到白起后，给他讲了一个故事：在楚国，有一位名叫杨有吉（注：传统典故中人物为 “养由基”，此处 “Yang Youji” 为音译）的著名射手。
陌生单词：
when Su Li met Bai Qi /wen s li met ba t i / 当苏厉见到白起时；苏厉见到白起后（“met” 是 “meet” 的过去式，例：when I met my friend 当我见到朋友时；when Su Li met Bai Qi 苏厉见到白起后）
told him a story /t ld h m st ri/ 给他讲了一个故事；给她讲了一个故事（“tell sb a story” 表 “给某人讲故事”，例：told us a funny story 给我们讲了一个有趣的故事；told him a story 给他讲了一个故事）
the state of Chu /ste t v t u / 楚国（战国时期诸侯国，专有名词，例：the culture of the state of Chu 楚文化；the state of Chu 楚国）
famous archer / fe m s ɑ t (r)/ 著名的射手；有名的弓箭手（“archer” 表 “射手、弓箭手”，例：a skilled archer 技艺娴熟的射手；famous archer 著名射手）
named Yang Youji /ne md j ju d i / 名叫杨有吉的；名为杨有吉的（“named” 表 “名叫…… 的”，例：a boy named Tom 一个名叫汤姆的男孩；named Yang Youji 名叫杨有吉的）
高频语块：told sb a story 给某人讲故事（例：My grandmother often told me a story before bed when I was young. 我小时候，奶奶经常在睡前给我讲故事。）
造句：When the teacher met the new student, she told him a story: In a small town, there was a kind girl named Lily.（当老师见到新学生时，给她讲了一个故事：在一个小镇上，有一位名叫莉莉的善良女孩。）
10. He was incredibly strong and possessed superb archery skills.
逐句翻译：他力大无穷，且箭术精湛。
陌生单词：
incredibly strong / n kred bli str / 极其强壮的；力大无穷的（“incredibly” 表 “极其、非常”，例：incredibly fast 非常快；incredibly strong 力大无穷的）
possessed superb archery skills /p zest su p b ɑ t ri sk lz/ 拥有精湛的射箭技艺；具备高超的箭术（“possess” 表 “拥有、具备”，“superb” 表 “精湛的、高超的”，例：possess good skills 拥有良好技能；possessed superb archery skills 箭术精湛）
高频语块：possessed...skills 拥有…… 技能（例：The artist possessed excellent painting skills. 这位艺术家拥有出色的绘画技能。）
造句：The athlete was incredibly fast and possessed superb running skills.（这位运动员速度极快，且拥有精湛的跑步技巧。）
11. At that time, Wei also had a skilled archer named Pan Hu.
逐句翻译：当时，魏国有一位同样擅长射箭的人，名叫潘虎。
陌生单词：
at that time / t t ta m/ 在那时；当时（例：at that moment 在那一刻；at that time 当时）
Wei /we / 魏国（战国时期诸侯国，专有名词，例：the capital of Wei 魏国的都城；Wei 魏国）
skilled archer /sk ld ɑ t (r)/ 擅长射箭的人；技艺娴熟的射手（“skilled” 表 “擅长的、熟练的”，例：a skilled driver 熟练的司机；skilled archer 擅长射箭的人）
named Pan Hu /ne md p n hu / 名叫潘虎的；名为潘虎的（例：a dog named Doudou 一只名叫豆豆的狗；named Pan Hu 名叫潘虎的）
高频语块：at that time 在那时；当时（例：At that time, people didn’t have mobile phones. 当时，人们还没有手机。）
造句：At that time, our school also had a talented teacher named Mr. Wang.（当时，我们学校也有一位有才华的老师，名叫王老师。）
12. One day, the two decided to hold a contest, and a crowd gathered to watch.
逐句翻译：一天，两人决定比试箭术，一群人围过来观看。
陌生单词：
decided to hold a contest /d sa d d tu h ld k ntest/ 决定举办一场比赛；决定比试（“hold a contest” 表 “举办比赛、比试”，例：hold a singing contest 举办歌唱比赛；decided to hold a contest 决定比试）
a crowd gathered / kra d ɡ d/ 一群人聚集过来；众人围拢过来（“crowd” 表 “人群”，“gather” 表 “聚集、聚拢”，例：a large crowd gathered 一大群人聚集过来；a crowd gathered to watch 一群人围过来观看）
to watch /tu w t / 来观看；去观看（例：came to watch 来看；to watch 来观看）
高频语块：decided to hold a contest 决定举办比赛；决定比试（例：The two teams decided to hold a contest to see who was stronger. 两队决定比试一场，看看谁更强。）
造句：One day, the two classmates decided to hold a chess contest, and many friends gathered to watch.（一天，两位同学决定举办一场象棋比赛，很多朋友围过来观看。）
13. The target was set over fifty paces away.
逐句翻译：靶子被设在五十步开外。
陌生单词：
the target / tɑ ɡ t/ 靶子；目标（例：hit the target 射中靶子；The target 靶子）
was set /w z set/ 被设置；被安放（被动语态，“set” 表 “设置、安放”，例：the table was set 桌子被摆好；was set over fifty paces away 被设在五十步开外）
over fifty paces away / v f fti pe s z we / 超过五十步远；五十步开外（“over” 表 “超过、多于”，例：over ten meters away 超过十米远；over fifty paces away 五十步开外）
高频语块：was set...away 被设在…… 远的地方（例：The bench was set over twenty meters away from the tree. 长椅被设在离树二十米开外的地方。）
造句：The finish line was set over one hundred meters away from the starting point.（终点线被设在离起点一百米开外的地方。）
14. Pan Hu went first. He drew his bow and fired three arrows in a row.
逐句翻译：潘虎先上场，他拉弓射箭，一连射出三支箭。
陌生单词：
went first 先去；先上场（例：she went first 她先去；Pan Hu went first 潘虎先上场）
drew his bow /dru h z b / 拉开他的弓；拉弓（“drew” 是 “draw” 的过去式，“draw a bow” 表 “拉弓”，例：draw the bow tightly 把弓拉满；drew his bow 拉弓）
fired three arrows /fa d θri r z/ 射出三支箭；发射三支箭（“fire” 表 “发射、射出”，例：fire a gun 开枪；fired three arrows 射出三支箭）
in a row / n r / 连续地；一连（例：win three games in a row 一连赢三场比赛；fired three arrows in a row 一连射出三支箭）
高频语块：in a row 连续地；一连（例：He read five books in a row during the holiday. 假期里他一连读了五本书。）
造句：Tom went first. He picked up his pen and wrote three words in a row.（汤姆先开始，他拿起笔，一连写了三个单词。）
15. Each one hit the bullseye perfectly, earning him loud cheers from the audience.
逐句翻译：每一支都精准射中靶心，赢得了观众们的高声喝彩。
陌生单词：
each one 每一支（代指前文 “arrows”，例：each one is good 每一个都好；Each one hit... 每一支都射中……）
hit the bullseye /h t b lza / 射中靶心；命中靶心（“bullseye” 表 “靶心、中心点”，例：hit the bullseye every time 每次都射中靶心；hit the bullseye perfectly 精准射中靶心）
perfectly / p f ktli/adv. 完美地；精准地（例：sing perfectly 唱得完美；hit perfectly 射得精准）
earning him loud cheers / n h m la d t z/ 为他赢得高声喝彩；使他获得大声欢呼（现在分词短语作结果状语，“earn” 表 “赢得、获得”，例：earning her a prize 为她赢得一个奖项；earning him loud cheers 赢得高声喝彩）
from the audience /fr m i di ns/ 来自观众；从观众那里（“audience” 表 “观众、听众”，例：applause from the audience 来自观众的掌声；from the audience 来自观众）
高频语块：hit the bullseye 射中靶心；命中目标（例：The archer hit the bullseye with every arrow. 这位射手每支箭都射中靶心。）
造句：Each of her paintings won first prize, earning her loud cheers from the judges.（她的每一幅画都获得了一等奖，赢得了评委们的高声喝彩。）
16. Pan Hu was very pleased with himself and asked Yang Youji to take his turn.
逐句翻译：潘虎得意洋洋，让杨有吉接着来。
陌生单词：
was very pleased with himself /w z veri pli zd w h m self/ 对自己非常满意；得意洋洋（“be pleased with oneself” 表 “对自己满意、自满”，例：was pleased with his work 对他的工作满意；was very pleased with himself 得意洋洋）
asked Yang Youji to take his turn /ɑ skt j ju d i tu te k h z t n/ 让杨有吉轮流来；让杨有吉接着来（“take one’s turn” 表 “轮流、依次”，例：take your turn to speak 轮流发言；take his turn 接着来）
高频语块：be pleased with oneself 对自己满意；自满（例：He got good grades and was pleased with himself. 他取得了好成绩，对自己很满意。）
造句：Lisa finished the task quickly and was very pleased with herself, then asked her partner to take her turn.（莉萨很快完成了任务，得意洋洋，然后让搭档接着来。）
17. Yang Youji thought that hitting a bullseye at fifty paces was too easy.
逐句翻译：杨有吉觉得五十步外射中靶心太容易了。
陌生单词：
thought that /θ t t/ 认为……；觉得……（“thought” 是 “think” 的过去式，引导宾语从句，例：thought that it was fun 觉得那很有趣；thought that hitting... 觉得射中……）
hitting a bullseye at fifty paces /h t b lza t f fti pe s z/ 五十步外射中靶心；在五十步距离射中靶心（动名词短语作主语，例：running every morning is good 每天早上跑步有好处；hitting a bullseye at fifty paces 五十步外射中靶心）
was too easy /w z tu i zi/ 太容易了；过于简单（“too + 形容词” 表 “太……”，例：was too hard 太难了；was too easy 太容易了）
高频语块：hitting...was too easy 做…… 太容易了（例：Solving this math problem was too easy for him. 解这道数学题对他来说太容易了。）
造句：Mike thought that climbing this small hill at two hours was too easy.（迈克觉得用两小时爬这座小山太容易了。）
18. He declared that he would shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：他宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。
陌生单词：
declared that /d kle d t/ 宣布……；宣称……（“declare” 表 “宣布、宣称”，例：declared that he would come 宣布他会来；declared that he would shoot 宣称要射……）
would shoot at /w d u t t/ 将要射向……；会瞄准……（过去将来时，“shoot at” 表 “瞄准…… 射击”，例：would shoot at the target 会瞄准靶子射击；would shoot at willow leaves 要射柳叶）
willow leaves a hundred paces away / w l li vz h ndr d pe s z we / 百步之外的柳叶；一百步远的柳叶（例：flowers ten meters away 十米远的花；willow leaves a hundred paces away 百步之外的柳叶）
高频语块：declared that he would... 宣称他会……（例：The leader declared that he would help the poor. 领导人宣称他会帮助穷人。）
造句：The athlete declared that he would run at a speed of twenty kilometers per hour.（这位运动员宣称他会以每小时二十公里的速度奔跑。）
19. He drew his bow, and with a "whoosh," an arrow flew and a willow leaf fluttered down.
逐句翻译：他拉弓搭箭，“嗖” 的一声，一支箭飞了出去，一片柳叶应声飘落。
陌生单词：
drew his bow /dru h z b / 拉开他的弓；拉弓搭箭（例：drew the bow slowly 慢慢拉弓；drew his bow 拉弓搭箭）
with a "whoosh" /w w / 伴随着 “嗖” 的一声（拟声词，模拟箭飞的声音，例：with a “bang” 伴随着 “砰” 的一声；with a "whoosh" 伴随着 “嗖” 的一声）
an arrow flew / n r flu / 一支箭飞了出去；一支箭射了出去（“flew” 是 “fly” 的过去式，例：a bird flew away 一只鸟飞走了；an arrow flew 一支箭飞了出去）
a willow leaf fluttered down / w l li f fl t d da n/ 一片柳叶飘落下来；一片柳叶飘了下来（“flutter” 表 “飘动、飘落”，例：leaves fluttered down 树叶飘落；a willow leaf fluttered down 一片柳叶飘落）
高频语块：fluttered down 飘落下来；飘下（例：The snowflakes fluttered down from the sky. 雪花从天空中飘落下来。）
造句：She opened the window, and with a “wind”, a paper flew and a leaf fluttered down.（她打开窗户，伴随着 “呼” 的一声，一张纸飞了出去，一片树叶飘落下来。）
20. He fired ten arrows in total, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree.
逐句翻译：他一共射了十支箭，每一支都射中了柳树上的叶子。
陌生单词：
fired ten arrows in total /fa d ten r z n t tl/ 一共射出十支箭；总共射了十支箭（“in total” 表 “总共、一共”，例：bought five books in total 一共买了五本书；fired ten arrows in total 一共射了十支箭）
each one struck /i t w n str k/ 每一支都击中；每一支都射中（“struck” 是 “strike” 的过去式，表 “击中、射中”，例：each one hit 每一个都击中；each one struck 每一支都射中）
a leaf from the willow tree / li f fr m w l tri / 柳树上的一片叶子；来自柳树的叶子（例：a branch from the apple tree 苹果树上的一根树枝；a leaf from the willow tree 柳树上的叶子）
高频语块：in total 总共；一共（例：There are 50 students in total in our class. 我们班总共 50 名学生。）
造句：The player threw five balls in total, and each one struck the target accurately.（这位选手一共投了五个球，每一个都精准击中目标。）
21. The audience was amazed, and even Pan Hu admitted defeat wholeheartedly.
逐句翻译：观众们惊叹不已，就连潘虎也心服口服地认输了。
陌生单词：
the audience was amazed / di ns w z me zd/ 观众们感到惊讶；观众们惊叹不已（“amazed” 表 “惊讶的、惊叹的”，例：we were amazed 我们感到惊讶；the audience was amazed 观众们惊叹不已）
even Pan Hu / i vn p n hu / 甚至潘虎；就连潘虎（“even” 表 “甚至、即使”，例：even my mom 甚至我妈妈；even Pan Hu 就连潘虎）
admitted defeat / d m t d d fi t/ 承认失败；认输（“admit defeat” 表 “认输、承认失败”，例：refused to admit defeat 拒绝认输；admitted defeat 认输）
wholeheartedly / h l hɑ t dli/adv. 全心全意地；心服口服地（例：supported him wholeheartedly 全心全意支持他；admitted defeat wholeheartedly 心服口服地认输）
高频语块：admitted defeat 承认失败；认输（例：After realizing he couldn’t win, he admitted defeat gracefully. 意识到无法获胜后，他体面地认输了。）
造句：The crowd was amazed by her performance, and even her rival admitted defeat wholeheartedly.（观众们对她的表演惊叹不已，就连她的对手也心服口服地认输了。）
22. At that moment, an old man standing nearby said coolly, "Now I can teach you how to shoot!"
逐句翻译：就在这时，旁边一位老者冷冷地说：“现在我可以教你怎么射箭了！”
陌生单词：
at that moment / t t m m nt/ 在那一刻；就在这时（例：at this moment 此刻；at that moment 就在这时）
an old man standing nearby / n ld m n st nd n ba / 一位站在旁边的老者；旁边一位站立的老人（“standing nearby” 表 “站在附近的”，现在分词短语作定语，例：a boy sitting there 坐在那里的男孩；an old man standing nearby 旁边一位老者）
said coolly /sed ku lli/ 冷冷地说；冷淡地说（“coolly” 表 “冷淡地、冷静地”，例：replied coolly 冷淡地回答；said coolly 冷冷地说）
teach you how to shoot /ti t ju ha tu u t/ 教你怎么射箭；教你射箭的方法（“teach sb how to do sth” 表 “教某人如何做某事”，例：teach me how to swim 教我怎么游泳；teach you how to shoot 教你怎么射箭）
高频语块：teach sb how to do sth 教某人如何做某事（例：My dad taught me how to ride a bike when I was six. 我六岁时，爸爸教我怎么骑自行车。）
造句：At that moment, a teacher passing by said gently, "Now I can teach you how to solve this problem!"（就在这时，一位路过的老师温柔地说：“现在我可以教你怎么解这道题了！”）
23. Yang Youji was very displeased to hear this and asked, "How do you plan to teach me archery "
逐句翻译：杨有吉听了这话，心里很不高兴，问道：“您打算怎么教我射箭呢？”
陌生单词：
was very displeased /w z veri d s pli zd/ 非常不高兴；很不悦（“displeased” 表 “不高兴的、不悦的”，例：was displeased with the result 对结果不满意；was very displeased 心里很不高兴）
to hear this /tu h s/ 听到这话；听到这件事（例：to hear the news 听到消息；to hear this 听到这话）
how do you plan to /ha du ju pl n tu/ 你打算如何；您计划怎么（“plan to do sth” 表 “计划做某事”，例：how do you plan to go 你打算怎么去；how do you plan to teach 您打算怎么教）
teach me archery /ti t mi ɑ t ri/ 教我射箭；教我箭术（“archery” 表 “射箭术、箭术”，例：learn archery 学习射箭；teach me archery 教我射箭）
高频语块：plan to do sth 计划做某事；打算做某事（例：I plan to visit my grandparents this weekend. 我打算这周末去看望祖父母。）
造句：Tom was very displeased to hear the bad news and asked, "How do you plan to fix this mistake "（汤姆听到坏消息后很不高兴，问道：“你打算怎么弥补这个错误呢？”）
24. The old man replied, "I will not teach you how to draw the bow or shoot the arrow. Instead, I will teach you how to protect your reputation."
逐句翻译：老者回答：“我不教你拉弓射箭的技巧，而是要教你如何保住自己的名声。”
陌生单词：
replied /r pla d/v. 回答；回应（“reply” 的过去式，例：answered 回答；replied 回答）
draw the bow /dr b / 拉弓；拉开弓（例：draw the bow with strength 用力拉弓；draw the bow 拉弓）
shoot the arrow / u t r / 射箭；发射箭（例：shoot the arrow at the target 朝靶射箭；shoot the arrow 射箭）
instead / n sted/adv. 反而；而是（表转折，例：not coffee but tea instead 不是咖啡而是茶；Instead, I will teach 而是要教）
protect your reputation /pr tekt j repju te n/ 保护你的名声；保住你的声誉（“protect” 表 “保护、维护”，“reputation” 表 “名声、声誉”，例：protect one’s name 保护某人的名声；protect your reputation 保住自己的名声）
高频语块：instead 反而；而是（例：He didn’t play games. Instead, he studied hard. 他没玩游戏，反而努力学习了。）
造句：My mom said, "I will not buy you a toy. Instead, I will buy you a useful book to help your study."（妈妈说：“我不给你买玩具，而是要给你买一本有用的书，帮助你学习。”）
25. You can now hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces. But if your body becomes tired, your breath grows weak, or your arm loses its strength, and you miss just one shot, your famous reputation for 'hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces' will be damaged.
逐句翻译：你现在能百步穿杨，但如果有一天你身体疲惫、气息微弱，或是手臂没了力气，只要失手一次，你 “百步穿杨” 的美名就会受损。
陌生单词：
hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces /h t w l li f t h ndr d pe s z/ 百步穿杨；在百步之外射中柳叶（成语本义，例：his skill of hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces 他百步穿杨的技艺；hit a willow leaf at a hundred paces 百步穿杨）
your body becomes tired /j b di b k mz ta d/ 你的身体变得疲惫；你身体疲惫（例：my eyes become tired 我的眼睛变累；your body becomes tired 你身体疲惫）
your breath grows weak /j breθ ɡr z wi k/ 你的气息变得微弱；你气息微弱（“grow” 表 “变得、逐渐”，例：the wind grows strong 风变大；your breath grows weak 你气息微弱）
your arm loses its strength /j ɑ m lu z z ts stre θ/ 你的手臂失去力气；你手臂没了力气（“lose strength” 表 “失去力气”，例：lose my strength 我没了力气；your arm loses its strength 你手臂没了力气）
miss just one shot /m s d st w n t/ 只失手一次；仅仅射偏一次（“miss” 表 “未射中、失手”，“shot” 表 “射击、一箭”，例：miss a target 射偏靶；miss just one shot 失手一次）
will be damaged /w l bi d m d/ 将会受损；会被破坏（被动语态，“damage” 表 “损害、破坏”，例：the book will be damaged 书会受损；your famous reputation will be damaged 你的美名会受损）
高频语块：if... （条件句）如果……（例：If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨，我们就待在家。）
造句：You can now play the piano well. But if you stop practicing, your fingers become stiff, or you forget the music, and you make just one mistake, your reputation for playing the piano well will be damaged.（你现在钢琴弹得好，但如果有一天你停止练习、手指变僵硬，或是忘了乐谱，只要出错一次，你钢琴弹得好的名声就会受损。）
26. A truly good archer knows how to maintain his good name!
逐句翻译：真正优秀的射手，懂得如何维护自己的好名声！
陌生单词：
a truly good archer / tru li ɡ d ɑ t (r)/ 一位真正优秀的射手；真正好的弓箭手（“truly” 表 “真正地、确实地”，例：a truly kind person 真正善良的人；a truly good archer 真正优秀的射手）
knows how to maintain /n z ha tu me n te n/ 知道如何维护；懂得怎样保持（“maintain” 表 “维护、保持”，例：know how to keep 知道如何保持；knows how to maintain 懂得如何维护）
his good name /h z ɡ d ne m/ 他的好名声；他的美名（“good name” 表 “好名声、美名”，例：protect her good name 维护她的好名声；his good name 他的好名声）
高频语块：know how to do sth 知道如何做某事（例：She knows how to cook delicious food. 她知道如何做美味的食物。）
造句：A truly good student knows how to maintain his good grades by working hard every day.（真正优秀的学生，懂得通过每天努力学习来保持自己的好成绩！）
27. Upon hearing this, Yang Youji immediately understood the old man's good intentions. He thanked the old man again and again.
逐句翻译：杨有吉听了这话，立刻明白了老者的良苦用心，连连向老者道谢。
陌生单词：
upon hearing this / p n h r s/ 一听到这话；听了这话后（“upon doing sth” 表 “一…… 就……”，例：upon seeing her 一见到她；upon hearing this 听了这话后）
immediately understood / mi di tli nd st d/ 立刻明白；马上理解（“immediately” 表 “立刻、马上”，例：quickly understood 很快明白；immediately understood 立刻明白）
the old man's good intentions / ld m nz ɡ d n ten nz/ 老者的好意；老者的良苦用心（“good intentions” 表 “好意、良苦用心”，例：her good intentions 她的好意；the old man's good intentions 老者的良苦用心）
thanked the old man again and again /θ kt ld m n ɡen nd ɡen/ 一次又一次感谢老者；连连向老者道谢（“again and again” 表 “反复、连连”，例：tried again and again 反复尝试；thanked...again and again 连连道谢）
高频语块：again and again 反复地；一次又一次（例：He called his friend again and again, but no one answered. 他反复给朋友打电话，但没人接。）
造句：Upon hearing the teacher's explanation, Tom immediately understood his mistake. He apologized to his classmate again and again.（听了老师的解释，汤姆立刻明白了自己的错误，连连向同学道歉。）
28. After hearing the story of "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces," Bai Qi understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of having never lost a battle.
逐句翻译：白起听完 “百步穿杨” 的故事后，明白自己需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。
陌生单词：
after hearing the story of / ɑ ft h r st ri v/ 听完…… 的故事后；听了…… 的故事之后（例：after reading the story of 读完…… 的故事后；after hearing the story of 听完…… 的故事后）
needed to maintain his reputation / ni d d tu me n te n h z repju te n/ 需要维护他的名声；需要保持他的声誉（“need to do sth” 表 “需要做某事”，例：need to protect 需要保护；needed to maintain his reputation 需要维护他的名声）
having never lost a battle / h v nev l st b tl/ 从无败绩；从未输掉一场战斗（现在分词短语作定语，修饰 “reputation”，例：having never made a mistake 从未犯错；having never lost a battle 从无败绩）
高频语块：after hearing 听完…… 之后（例：After hearing the song, she felt very happy. 听完这首歌后，她感到很开心。）
造句：After hearing the story of the brave hero, the child understood that he needed to maintain his reputation of being honest.（听完勇敢英雄的故事后，这个孩子明白自己需要维护 “诚实” 的名声。）
29. He realized he shouldn't launch another attack when he was mentally tired after consecutive victories against two states.
逐句翻译：他意识到，在接连击败两个国家后，自己心力俱疲，不应再发动进攻。
陌生单词：
realized / ri la zd/v. 意识到；认识到（例：She realized she was late. 她意识到自己迟到了；realized 意识到）
shouldn't launch another attack / dnt l nt n t k/ 不应该发动另一场进攻；不应再发起攻击（“launch” 表 “发动、发起”，例：launch a project 启动项目；launch another attack 发动另一场进攻）
mentally tired / ment li ta d/ 精神疲惫的；心力俱疲的（“mentally” 表 “精神上、心理上”，例：mentally weak 精神脆弱；mentally tired 心力俱疲）
after consecutive victories / ɑ ft k n sekjut v v kt riz/ 在接连的胜利之后；连续获胜后（“consecutive” 表 “连续的、接连的”，例：consecutive days 连续几天；after consecutive victories 接连胜利后）
against two states / ɡenst tu ste ts/ 对抗两个国家；击败两个国家（“states” 此处指战国时期的 “诸侯国”，例：fight against three states 对抗三个国家；against two states 击败两个国家）
高频语块：launch an attack 发动进攻（例：The army decided to launch an attack at dawn. 军队决定黎明发动进攻。）
造句：The coach realized the team shouldn't take part in another match when they were physically tired after consecutive wins against three teams.（教练意识到，在接连击败三支队伍后，队员们身体疲惫，不应再参加另一场比赛。）
30. So, he used illness as an excuse and stopped the advance against Liang.
逐句翻译：于是，他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军。
陌生单词：
used illness as an excuse /ju zd ln s z n k skju s/ 用生病作为借口；以生病为由（“use...as an excuse” 表 “用…… 作为借口”，例：use rain as an excuse 用下雨作为借口；used illness as an excuse 以生病为由）
stopped the advance /st pt i d vɑ ns/ 停止了进军；中止了推进（“advance” 表 “进军、推进”，例：continue the advance 继续进军；stopped the advance 停止进军）
against Liang / ɡenst liɑ / 对梁国（的进攻）；针对梁国（“against” 表 “针对、对抗”，例：attack against the enemy 对敌人的进攻；against Liang 对梁国）
高频语块：use...as an excuse 用…… 作为借口（例：He used his busy work as an excuse for not attending the meeting. 他用工作忙作为不参加会议的借口。）
造句：So, she used a family emergency as an excuse and stopped her trip to the countryside.（于是，她以家庭急事为由，中止了去乡下的旅行。）
31. The original meaning of this idiom is hitting a thin willow leaf from a hundred paces away.
逐句翻译：这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶。
陌生单词：
the original meaning of / r d nl mi n v/ …… 的本义；…… 的原意（例：the original meaning of the word 这个单词的本义；the original meaning of this idiom 这个成语的本义）
hitting a thin willow leaf /h t θ n w l li f/ 射中纤细的柳叶；击中薄柳叶（动名词短语作表语，例：swimming in the river 河里游泳；hitting a thin willow leaf 射中纤细的柳叶）
from a hundred paces away /fr m h ndr d pe s z we / 从百步之外；在一百步远的地方（例：see clearly from fifty meters away 从五十米远能看清；from a hundred paces away 从百步之外）
高频语块：the original meaning of... …… 的本义（例：We should first learn the original meaning of each idiom. 我们应该先学习每个成语的本义。）
造句：The original meaning of this phrase is climbing a high mountain from a small path.（这个短语的本义是从小路攀登高山。）
32. It now describes someone with great ability and superb skill. It is often used to metaphorically represent exceptional archery skills.
逐句翻译：如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用作比喻，指代非凡的射箭技艺。
陌生单词：
describes someone with great ability /d skra bz s mw n w ɡre t b l ti/ 形容有杰出能力的人；描述能力出众的人（“with great ability” 表 “有杰出能力的”，例：a student with great ability 有杰出能力的学生；describes someone with great ability 形容能力出众的人）
superb skill /su p b sk l/ 精湛的技艺；高超的技能（例：show superb skill 展现精湛技艺；superb skill 技艺高超）
is often used to metaphorically represent / fn ju zd tu met f r k li repr zent/ 常被用作比喻指代；常作隐喻表示（“metaphorically represent” 表 “比喻指代、隐喻表示”，例：is used to metaphorically represent courage 被用来比喻指代勇气；is often used to metaphorically represent 常被用作比喻指代）
exceptional archery skills / k sep nl ɑ t ri sk lz/ 非凡的射箭技艺；杰出的箭术（“exceptional” 表 “非凡的、杰出的”，例：exceptional musical skills 非凡的音乐技艺；exceptional archery skills 非凡的射箭技艺）
高频语块：with great ability 有杰出能力的（例：The scientist with great ability made many important discoveries. 这位有杰出能力的科学家有许多重要发现。）
造句：This word now describes someone with great creativity and superb art skills. It is often used to metaphorically represent outstanding painting skills.（这个词如今形容有高度创造力、技艺高超的人，常被用作比喻，指代出色的绘画技艺。）
核心知识点汇总（复习专用）
1. 重点动词短语
动词短语 含义 例句
led...to successive victories 率领…… 取得接连胜利 The general led his army to successive victories.
warned sb that... 警告某人…… She warned me that the road was dangerous.
sent sb to persuade 派某人去劝说 The king sent a messenger to persuade the enemy.
declared that... 宣称……；宣布…… He declared that he would help the poor.
admitted defeat 承认失败；认输 The team admitted defeat after the game.
used...as an excuse 用…… 作为借口 He used his illness as an excuse for being late.
launched an attack 发动进攻 The army launched an attack at night.
described someone with... 形容有…… 的人 The book describes a hero with great courage.
2. 高频语法与结构
“upon doing sth” 时间状语：表 “一…… 就……”，例：Upon finishing homework, he went out to play.（一做完作业，他就出去玩了。）
“if” 条件句：表 “如果……，就……”，例：If you study hard, you will get good grades.（如果你努力学习，就会取得好成绩。）
现在分词短语作定语 / 状语：
作定语：an old man standing nearby（站在旁边的老者）、a leaf from the willow tree（柳树上的叶子）；
作状语：earning him loud cheers（为他赢得喝彩）、thanked the old man again and again（连连道谢）。
被动语态 “be + 过去分词”：如 “was set”“will be damaged”“is used”，例：The letter was written by my sister.（这封信是我姐姐写的。）
“instead” 表转折：用于否定前文内容，引出替代内容，例：I didn’t eat rice. Instead, I ate noodles.（我没吃米饭，而是吃了面条。）
3. 文化相关词汇拓展（适配 “战国历史 + 成语” 主题）
英文词汇 / 短语 中文含义 文本语境应用
the Warring States period 战国时期 Many stories happened in the Warring States period.
Qin/Chu/Wei/Liang 秦 / 楚 / 魏 / 梁（国） Qin was a strong state in ancient China.
archer/archery skills 射手 / 射箭技艺 Yang Youji was a famous archer with superb archery skills.
paces 步（长度单位） The target was set over fifty paces away.
reputation 名声；声誉 Bai Qi wanted to maintain his reputation of never losing.
Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces 百步穿杨 Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces describes someone with superb skills.
百步穿杨（场景复述练习）
During the Warring States period, Qin’s general Bai Qi planned to attack Liang after leading his troops to successive victories against Han and Wei. Strategist Su Li went to persuade him by telling a story[1].
In Chu, archer Yang Youji held a contest with Pan Hu. Pan Hu hit the bullseye at fifty paces, but Yang Youji declared he would shoot willow leaves at a hundred paces. He fired ten arrows—each struck a leaf, amazing the audience[2]. An old man then told Yang Youji: “Protect your reputation! If you miss once, your ‘hitting a willow leaf at a hundred paces’ fame will be damaged[3].”
Bai Qi understood the story: he was mentally tired after consecutive wins and needed to maintain his “never lost” reputation. So he used illness as an excuse to stop the advance against Liang[4].
This idiom’s original meaning is hitting a thin willow leaf at a hundred paces. Now it describes someone with great ability and superb skill, often used to praise exceptional expertise[5].
中文翻译
战国时期，秦国将领白起率领军队接连击败韩、魏两国后，计划攻打梁国。谋士苏厉通过讲一个故事来劝说他放弃进攻 [1]。
在楚国，射手杨有吉与潘虎比试箭术。潘虎在五十步外射中靶心，但杨有吉宣称要射百步之外的柳叶。他射出十支箭 —— 每一支都命中柳叶，令观众惊叹不已 [2]。随后一位老者对杨有吉说：“要保住你的名声！一旦失手一次，你‘百步穿杨’的美名就会受损 [3]。”
白起听懂了故事的深意：接连获胜后自己已心力俱疲，需要维护 “从无败绩” 的名声。于是他以生病为由，停止了对梁国的进军 [4]。
这个成语的本义是在百步之外射中纤细的柳叶，如今用来形容人能力出众、技艺高超，常被用于夸赞非凡的专业技能 [5]。
高频语块清单（附用法）
[1] leading...to successive victories（动词短语）：率领…… 取得接连胜利（例：The coach led the team to successive victories in three matches.）
[2] each struck a leaf（动词短语）：每一支都射中树叶（例：The archer practiced hard, and each arrow struck a small target.）
[3] protect your reputation（动词短语）：维护你的名声（例：A good actor knows how to protect his reputation with excellent performances.）
[4] used illness as an excuse（动词短语）：以生病为由（例：She used a headache as an excuse to skip the meeting.）
[5] describes someone with great ability（动词短语）：形容有杰出能力的人（例：This award describes someone with great ability in scientific research.）
[6] held a contest（动词短语）：举办比赛；进行比试（例：The school held a contest to find the best singer.）
[7] mentally tired（形容词短语）：精神疲惫的；心力俱疲的（例：After working for 12 hours, he felt mentally tired and wanted to rest.）
[8] exceptional expertise（名词短语）：非凡的专业技能（例：Years of practice helped her develop exceptional expertise in playing the violin.）
"Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces"English Exercises
I. 阅读理解单选题 (Reading Comprehension: Multiple Choice)
Read the passage "Hitting a Willow Leaf at a Hundred Paces" again and choose the best answer for each question.
1. Why did Su Li go to see the king of Zhou
A. To ask for a job.
B. To warn him about the danger from Qin.
C. To tell him a story about an archer.
D. To help Bai Qi attack Liang.
2. What was Bai Qi planning to do after defeating Han and Wei
A. Go back to Qin.
B. Attack the state of Liang.
C. Visit the king of Zhou.
D. Become a farmer.
3. Who was Yang Youji
A. A famous general from Qin.
B. A strategist from Zhou.
C. A famous archer from Chu.
D. A king from Wei.
4. Where was the target set for Pan Hu's shot
A. One hundred paces away.
B. On a willow leaf.
C. Over fifty paces away.
D. Right next to him.
5. How many arrows did Pan Hu shoot, and how many hit the bullseye
A. Three, all hit the bullseye.
B. Ten, all hit the bullseye.
C. One, it hit a leaf.
D. Three, none hit the bullseye.
6. What did Yang Youji shoot at
A. A bullseye fifty paces away.
B. Willow leaves one hundred paces away.
C. Pan Hu's arrows.
D. A bird in the sky.
7. How did the audience react to Yang Youji's shooting
A. They were bored.
B. They were angry.
C. They were amazed.
D. They laughed.
8. What did the old man want to teach Yang Youji
A. How to draw the bow stronger.
B. How to shoot a smaller target.
C. How to protect his reputation.
D. How to beat Pan Hu again.
9. According to the old man, what could damage Yang Youji's reputation
A. If he stopped practicing.
B. If he lost a contest against Pan Hu.
C. If he missed one shot when he was tired.
D. If he taught others his skill.
10. How did Yang Youji feel about the old man's advice in the end
A. He was angry and refused to listen.
B. He was thankful.
C. He was confused.
D. He didn't care.
II. 完形填空题 (Cloze Test)
Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the word bank.
Word Bank: `archery` `bullseye` `reputation` `strategist` `superb` `thankful` `target` `willow leaf` `paces` `wholeheartedly`
Su Li was a (1) ________ who warned the king about General Bai Qi. He told Bai Qi a story about an archer named Yang Youji, who had (2) ________ skills. Another archer, Pan Hu, could hit the (3) ________ every time from fifty (4) ________ away. But Yang Youji shot at a (5) ________ one hundred paces away and succeeded. Everyone was amazed, and Pan Hu admitted defeat (6) ________. Then an old man spoke to Yang Youji. He didn't teach him (7) ________, but taught him how to protect his (8) ________. He said if Yang Youji got tired and missed a (9) ________, his fame would be hurt. Yang Youji understood and was (10) ________.
III. 短语填空 (Phrase Fill-in-the-Blank)
Complete the sentences using phrases from the word bank.
Word Bank: `turned towards` `upon learning` `in a row` `pleased with` `take his turn` `admitted defeat` `protect your reputation` `maintain his good name` `good intentions` `again and again`
1. The car _______________ the left and drove up the hill.
2. _______________ the news, she immediately called her family.
3. The basketball player scored three points _______________.
4. He was very _______________ his exam results.
5. After Pan Hu finished, it was time for Yang Youji to _______________.
6. After losing the game, he _______________ and shook the winner's hand.
7. It is important to _______________ by being honest and reliable.
8. A good leader must know how to _______________.
9. Even though his advice was hard, I knew he had _______________.
10. She thanked her teacher _______________ for the help.
IV. 句子翻译 (Translation: Chinese to English)
Translate the following sentences into English.
1. 苏厉去劝说白起停止进攻梁国。
2. 他给白起讲了一个故事。
3. 养由基是一位著名的射手。
4. 潘虎连射三箭，箭箭都正中红心。
5. 养由基要射百步以外的杨柳叶。
6. 他连发十箭，箭箭都射下了杨柳叶。
7. 观众都惊呆了。
8. 老人想教养由基如何保持自己的名声。
9. 如果你一箭不中，名声就会受到影响。
10. 养由基明白了老人的好意。
V. 句型转换题 (Sentence Transformation)
Rewrite the sentences as required.
1. Su Li went to see the king of Zhou. (改为一般疑问句)
________ Su Li ________ to see the king of Zhou
2. Bai Qi led his troops to victories against Han and Wei. (对划线部分提问)
________ did Bai Qi lead his troops to victories against
3. Pan Hu hit the bullseye three times. (改为否定句)
Pan Hu ________ ________ the bullseye three times.
4. "I will shoot at willow leaves," Yang Youji said. (改为间接引语)
Yang Youji said that ________ ________ shoot at willow leaves.
5. The audience cheered for Pan Hu. (改为被动语态)
Pan Hu ________ ________ for by the audience.
6. Yang Youji was strong. He could shoot perfectly. (用 `so... that...` 连接句子)
Yang Youji was ________ strong ________ he could shoot perfectly.
7. The old man gave advice. Yang Youji understood it. (用 `that` 连接句子)
The old man gave advice ________ Yang Youji understood.
8. This is a valuable lesson. (改为感叹句)
________ ________ valuable lesson this is!
9. If you miss one shot, your reputation will be damaged. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ if you miss one shot
10. The old man's intentions were good. Yang Youji thanked him. (用 `Because of` 开头连接句子)
________ ________ the old man's good intentions, Yang Youji thanked him.
Answer Key
I. Reading Comprehension
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. C
8. C
9. C
10. B
II. Cloze Test
1. strategist
2. superb
3. bullseye
4. paces
5. willow leaf
6. wholeheartedly
7. archery
8. reputation
9. target
10. thankful
III. Phrase Fill-in-the-Blank
1. turned towards
2. Upon learning
3. in a row
4. pleased with
5. take his turn
6. admitted defeat
7. maintain his good name
8. protect your reputation
9. good intentions
10. again and again
IV. Translation
1. Su Li went to persuade Bai Qi to stop attacking Liang.
2. He told Bai Qi a story.
3. Yang Youji was a famous archer.
4. Pan Hu fired three arrows in a row, and each one hit the bullseye.
5. Yang Youji wanted to shoot at willow leaves a hundred paces away.
6. He fired ten arrows in a row, and each one struck a leaf from the willow tree.
7. The audience was amazed.
8. The old man wanted to teach Yang Youji how to protect his reputation.
9. If you miss one shot, your reputation will be damaged.
10. Yang Youji understood the old man's good intentions.
V. Sentence Transformation
1. Did, go
2. Who
3. did not hit
4. he would
5. was cheered
6. so, that
7. that
8. What a
9. What will happen
10. Because of