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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond提升培优评价卷
一、完形填空(共 20分,每空 1分)
先通读原文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白
处的最佳选项。
【A】
Space exploration is always a fascinating topic. We study celestial bodies(天体)like stars,
1 , and comets because of our curiosity. Stars, for example, are huge balls of gas that give off
light and heat. They play an important role in the universe. Some stars are so 2 that we
can see them even with our own eyes at night.
Planets, on the other hand, 3 around stars. Each planet has its own features. Mars, for
example, is often called the “Red Planet” because of its red color. It is a hot spot(热点) of space
exploration 4 scientists think there was life on it.
Comets are 5 objects in space. They are made of ice, dust, and small rocks. When a
comet gets close to the Sun, it heats up and forms a long, bright tail. This makes it look very 6
other celestial bodies.
Space exploration helps us understand the universe better. It is our 7 to keep
exploring and learning. Scientists around the world are working hard to 8 more about
these celestial bodies. They 9 their research results in scientific journals so that others can
learn from them.
As we continue to explore space, we may find more 10 things. Maybe one day, we’ll
even find a planet where we can live.
( ) 1. A. planets B. plants C. animals D. trees
( ) 2. A. low B. bright C. blind D. dark
( ) 3. A. run B. rise C. move D. prove
( ) 4. A. although B. because C. so D. if
( ) 5. A. small B. alive C. lonely D. new
( ) 6. A. different from B. alive with C. similar to D. short of
( ) 7. A. responsibility B. truth C. ability D. death
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( ) 8. A. make B. learn C. publish D. worry
( ) 9. A. publish B. prove C. produce D. prefer
( ) 10. A. natural B. common C. strange D. normal
【B】
Mars is often called the “Red Planet” because of its 1 . It is 2 of the most
fascinating planets for scientists.
The surface of Mars is 3 with huge deserts, high mountains, and deep valleys. Some
mountains on Mars are much 4 than those on Earth. Mars also has seasons like Earth,
5 the seasons on Mars are much longer.
The ice cap on the polar of Mars is one of the 6 things about Mars. It is mainly made
of water ice and carbon dioxide ice(干冰). In winter, the temperature on Mars can be so 7
that even the carbon dioxide in the air can freeze.
Scientists are 8 Mars with much interest. They want to find out if there was ever life
on this 9 . However, they have found no signs of 10 until now, but the exploration
continues.
( ) 1. A. color B. size C. distance D. shape
( ) 2. A. none B. neither C. one D. no
( ) 3. A. happy B. full C. filled D. related
( ) 4. A. larger B. deeper C. longer D. greener
( ) 5. A. while B. although C. so D. because
( ) 6. A. highest B. flattest C. strangest D. brightest
( ) 7. A. little B. common C. low D. high
( ) 8. A. surviving B. exploring C. saving D. planning
( ) 9. A. space B. universe C. valley D. planet
( ) 10. A. deaths B. beings C. rainfalls D. snowballs
二、语法填空(共 30分,每空 1分)
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【A】
Space is full of mysteries. Celestial bodies(天体) are the key to understanding the universe.
They 1 (be) very important to life on Earth. The Sun, as we know, is a star. It gives off
light and heat.
Planets are different 2 stars. They don’t give off light. Each planet has its own
characteristics(特点). For example, Earth has water and atmosphere(大气层). And this makes
3 possible for us to exist.
Comets are interesting 4 (object). They are made up of ice, dust, and small rocks.
When they get 5 to the Sun, they form a tail. This is due to the heat from the Sun.
Space exploration is a long-term task. Scientists have the 6 (responsible) to study
these celestial bodies. They use telescopes and space probes 7 (collect) information.
In the future, we hope to find out more about the universe. We can even build spaceships and
they will have the 8 to drive us to other planets. But for now, we need to keep learning
and 9 (explore) space. After all, the universe is so vast 10 there is still so
much we don’t know.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
【B】
Dear Tom,
I’ve always been interested in space because the stars seem so strange and fascinating.
Recently, I’ve been reading a lot about planets.
1 Pluto is no longer considered as a planet, it still holds a special place in my heart.
the Sun, at the center of our solar system, is the 2 (bright) star we can see. It’s so
bright 3 it can light up the whole solar system. However, some planets have very low
temperatures. It makes me wonder if there is any 4 (live) beings on those planets.
Planets have many things 5 common. Many planets have air and earth. But they are
also 6 from each other. Mars, for example, has a very thin atmosphere, while Venus has
a very thick one.
Scientists did a lot of explorations and they are all 7 (relate) to the planets. They
believe that each planet plays an 8 (importance) role in the universe. Space exploration is
also full of 9 (responsibility). We need to prove our knowledge about the planets and
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publish more research.
Maybe one day we’ll find out more amazing things about these planets. Because our minds
are 10 (fill) with so many curiosities, we’ll never stop our steps.
Yours,
Mike
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
【C】
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示,在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词,使短文完
整、通顺。
In the universe, 1 we all know, there is the Sun, Moon, Earth, and a lot of stars. We
learned in class that the Sun is a s 2 , Earth is a planet and Moon is our natural 3 .
We also know Earth moves a 4 the Sun and Moon goes around Earth. We have days and
nights 5 of the rotation of Earth day and night. When some parts of Earth 6 to the
Sun, people living on Earth have daylight. If Earth stops rotating again and again, there will be no
days 7 nights. Life on Earth will not s 8 as well.
Moon looks much bigger than the Sun because it is 9 to Earth. Such a short distance
also gives Moon the p 10 to change the tides(潮汐)on Earth.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
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答案解析
一、完形填空(共 20 分,每空 1 分)
【A】
1.答案:A
解析:前文提到 “celestial bodies(天体)”,选项中只有 “planets(行星)” 属于天体;“plants
(植物)”“animals(动物)”“trees(树)” 均为地球生物,不符合语境,故选 A。
2.答案:B
解析:根据 “we can see them even with our own eyes at night(即使在夜晚用肉眼也能看到它
们)” 可知,星星应是 “bright(明亮的)”;“low(低的)”“blind(盲的)”“dark(黑暗的)”
均无法解释 “肉眼可见” 的原因,故选 B。
3.答案:C
解析:行星的运动规律是 “围绕恒星运转”,“move around(围绕…… 移动)” 符合科学事
实;“run(跑)”“rise(升起)”“prove(证明)” 均不符合行星运动的描述,故选 C。
4.答案:B
解析:“科学家认为火星上曾有生命” 是 “火星成为太空探索热点” 的原因,“because(因为)”
引导原因状语从句;“although(虽然)” 表让步,“so(所以)” 表结果,“if(如果)” 表假
设,均不符合逻辑,故选 B。
5.答案:A
解析:彗星由冰、尘埃和小岩石构成,相较于恒星、行星,体积通常较小,“small(小的)”
符合其特征;“alive(有生命的)”“lonely(孤独的)”“new(新的)” 均无科学依据支撑,故
选 A。
6.答案:A
解析:彗星靠近太阳时会形成长长的亮尾,这是其与其他天体最显著的区别,“different from
(与…… 不同)” 符合语境;“alive with(充满……)”“similar to(与…… 相似)”“short of
(缺乏……)” 均与彗星的独特特征矛盾,故选 A。
7.答案:A
解析:探索太空、了解宇宙是人类的 “责任(responsibility)”;“truth(真相)”“ability(能
力)”“death(死亡)” 均无法搭配 “keep exploring and learning(持续探索和学习)”,故选 A。
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8.答案:B
解析:科学家研究天体的目的是 “了解更多(learn more)” 相关知识;“make(制作)”“publish
(发表)”“worry(担心)” 均不符合 “研究天体” 的目标,故选 B。
9.答案:A
解析:“research results(研究成果)” 通常会 “发表(publish)” 在科学期刊上;“prove(证
明)”“produce(生产)”“prefer(偏爱)” 均与 “研究成果和期刊” 的搭配不符,故选 A。
10.答案:C
解析:根据后文 “Maybe one day, we’ll even find a planet where we can live(或许有一天,我们
甚至能找到宜居行星)” 可知,未来可能发现 “奇怪的(strange)” 新事物;“natural(自然
的)”“common(普通的)”“normal(正常的)” 均无法体现 “未知探索” 的语境,故选 C。
【B】
1.答案:A
解析:火星被称为 “Red Planet(红色星球)”,核心原因是其 “颜色(color)”;“size(尺
寸)”“distance(距离)”“shape(形状)” 均与 “红色” 无关,故选 A。
2.答案:C
解析:“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 是固定结构,意为 “最…… 之一”,句意为
“它是科学家眼中最迷人的行星之一”;“none(没有一个)”“neither(两者都不)”“no(没有)”
均无法构成该结构,故选 C。
3.答案:C
解析:“be filled with(充满……)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “火星表面布满巨大的沙漠、高山
和深谷”;“happy(开心的)”“full(满的,需与 of 搭配)”“related(相关的,需与 to 搭配)”
均不符合语法,故选 C。
4.答案:A
解析:前文提到 “high mountains(高山)”,此处应对比山脉的 “大小(larger)”;“deeper
(更深的)” 形容深度,“longer(更长的)” 形容长度,“greener(更绿的)” 与火星沙漠环
境矛盾,故选 A。
5.答案:B
解析:“火星有和地球类似的季节” 与 “火星的季节更长” 是转折关系,“although(虽然)” 引
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导让步状语从句;“while(当…… 时 / 然而,需接完整句子)”“so(所以)”“because(因为)”
均不符合逻辑,故选 B。
6.答案:C
解析:火星极地冰盖由水冰和干冰构成,且冬季会让空气中的二氧化碳冻结,这是其 “奇怪
的(strangest)” 特征之一;“highest(最高的)”“flattest(最平坦的)”“brightest(最亮的)”
均未体现冰盖的独特性,故选 C。
7.答案:C
解析:根据 “even the carbon dioxide in the air can freeze(甚至空气中的二氧化碳都能冻结)”
可知,火星冬季温度 “很低(low)”;“little(少的)”“common(普通的)”“high(高的)” 均
无法解释 “二氧化碳冻结” 的现象,故选 C。
8.答案:B
解析:科学家对火星的核心动作是 “探索(exploring)”,以寻找生命迹象;“surviving(幸
存)”“saving(拯救)”“planning(计划)” 均不符合 “寻找生命” 的语境,故选 B。
9.答案:D
解析:此处指代前文提到的 “Mars(火星)”,属于 “行星(planet)”;“space(太空)”“universe
(宇宙)” 范围过大,“valley(山谷)” 范围过小,故选 D。
10.答案:B
解析:科学家探索火星的核心目标是寻找 “生命(beings)”;“deaths(死亡)”“rainfalls(降
雨)”“snowballs(雪球)” 均与 “探索火星的核心目标” 无关,故选 B。
二、语法填空(共 30 分,每空 1 分)
【A】
1.答案:are
解析:主语 “they” 指代前文 “celestial bodies(天体)”,为复数;全文时态为一般现在时,
故填 “are”。
2.答案:from
解析:“be different from(与…… 不同)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “行星与恒星不同”,故填 “from”。
3.答案:it
解析:“make it + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定句型,“it” 作形式宾语,真正宾语是 “to exist”,
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故填 “it”。
4.答案:objects
解析:主语 “comet(s 彗星)” 是复数,且 “objec(t 物体)” 为可数名词,需用复数形式 “objects”。
5.答案:close
解析:根据科学常识,彗星 “靠近(close)” 太阳时才会形成彗尾,“get close to(靠近……)”
是固定搭配,故填 “close”。
6.答案:responsibility
解析:定冠词 “the” 后需接名词,“responsible(负责任的)” 的名词形式是 “responsibility
(责任)”,故填 “responsibility”。
7.答案:to collect
解析:“use sth. to do sth.(用某物做某事)” 是固定用法,句意为 “他们用望远镜和太空探测
器收集信息”,故填 “to collect”。
8.答案:power
解析:根据 “drive us to other planets(带我们去其他行星)” 可知,宇宙飞船需要 “能力
(power)”,故填 “power”。
9.答案:exploring
解析:“keep doing sth.(持续做某事)” 是固定搭配,“and” 连接 “learning” 和 “exploring”,
故填 “exploring”。
10.答案:that
解析:“so...that...(如此…… 以至于……)” 是固定句型,句意为 “宇宙如此广阔,以至于
还有很多我们不知道的事物”,故填 “that”。
【B】
1.答案:Although/Though
解析:“冥王星不再被视为行星” 与 “它在我心中仍有特殊地位” 是转折关系,需用
“Although/Though(虽然)” 引导让步状语从句,句首首字母大写,故填 “Although/Though”。
2.答案:brightest
解析:根据 “we can see(我们能看到的)” 可知,太阳是 “最亮的(brightest)” 恒星,此
处需用形容词最高级,故填 “brightest”。
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3.答案:that
解析:“so...that...(如此…… 以至于……)” 是固定句型,句意为 “它如此明亮,以至于能
照亮整个太阳系”,故填 “that”。
4.答案:living
解析:“living being(s 生物)” 是固定搭配,“living(活的)” 作定语修饰 “beings”,故填 “living”。
5.答案:in
解析:“have...in common(有…… 共同之处)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “行星有很多共同之处”,
故填 “in”。
6.答案:different
解析:根据后文 “火星大气层稀薄,而金星大气层浓厚” 可知,行星之间也 “不同(different)”,
“be different from(与…… 不同)” 是固定搭配,故填 “different”。
7.答案:related
解析:“be related to(与…… 相关)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “科学家进行了很多与行星相关
的探索”,故填 “related”。
8.答案:important
解析:“play an important role(扮演重要角色)” 是固定搭配,“importance(重要性)” 的形
容词形式是 “important(重要的)”,故填 “important”。
9.答案:responsibilities
解析:“responsibility(责任)” 是可数名词,“full of(充满……)” 后需接复数形式
“responsibilities”,故填 “responsibilities”。
10.答案:filled
解析:“be filled with(充满……)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “因为我们心中充满好奇,所以永
远不会停下脚步”,故填 “filled”。
【C】
1.答案:as
解析:“as we all know(众所周知)” 是固定短语,引导插入语,故填 “as”。
2.答案:star
解析:根据科学常识,太阳是 “恒星(star)”,前文有不定冠词 “a”,故填 “star”。
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3.答案:satellite
解析:月球是地球的 “天然卫星(natural satellite)”,故填 “satellite”。
4.答案:around
解析:“move around(围绕…… 转动)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “地球围绕太阳转动”,故填
“around”。
5.答案:because
解析:“地球自转” 是 “有昼夜” 的原因,“because of(因为)” 后接名词短语 “the rotation of
Earth”,故填 “because”。
6.答案:face
解析:地球 “朝向(face)” 太阳的部分会有白天,主语 “some parts of Earth” 是复数,时态
为一般现在时,故填 “face”。
7.答案:or
解析:“no days or nights(没有白天和黑夜)” 是否定句中的并列关系,需用 “or” 连接,故
填 “or”。
8.答案:survive
解析:没有昼夜会导致地球生命无法 “生存(survive)”,“will not” 后接动词原形,故填
“survive”。
9.答案:closer
解析:月球看起来比太阳大,是因为它离地球 “更近(closer)”,此处需用比较级,故填 “closer”。
10.答案:power
解析:月球的引力使其拥有改变地球潮汐的 “力量(power)”,故填 “power”。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)Unit 6 Earth and Beyond提升培优评价卷
完形填空(共20分,每空1分)
先通读原文,掌握其大意,然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳选项。
【A】
Space exploration is always a fascinating topic. We study celestial bodies(天体)like stars, 1 , and comets because of our curiosity. Stars, for example, are huge balls of gas that give off light and heat. They play an important role in the universe. Some stars are so 2 that we can see them even with our own eyes at night.
Planets, on the other hand, 3 around stars. Each planet has its own features. Mars, for example, is often called the “Red Planet” because of its red color. It is a hot spot(热点) of space exploration 4 scientists think there was life on it.
Comets are 5 objects in space. They are made of ice, dust, and small rocks. When a comet gets close to the Sun, it heats up and forms a long, bright tail. This makes it look very 6 other celestial bodies.
Space exploration helps us understand the universe better. It is our 7 to keep exploring and learning. Scientists around the world are working hard to 8 more about these celestial bodies. They 9 their research results in scientific journals so that others can learn from them.
As we continue to explore space, we may find more 10 things. Maybe one day, we’ll even find a planet where we can live.
( ) 1. A. planets B. plants C. animals D. trees
( ) 2. A. low B. bright C. blind D. dark
( ) 3. A. run B. rise C. move D. prove
( ) 4. A. although B. because C. so D. if
( ) 5. A. small B. alive C. lonely D. new
( ) 6. A. different from B. alive with C. similar to D. short of
( ) 7. A. responsibility B. truth C. ability D. death
( ) 8. A. make B. learn C. publish D. worry
( ) 9. A. publish B. prove C. produce D. prefer
( ) 10. A. natural B. common C. strange D. normal
【B】
Mars is often called the “Red Planet” because of its 1 . It is 2 of the most fascinating planets for scientists.
The surface of Mars is 3 with huge deserts, high mountains, and deep valleys. Some mountains on Mars are much 4 than those on Earth. Mars also has seasons like Earth, 5 the seasons on Mars are much longer.
The ice cap on the polar of Mars is one of the 6 things about Mars. It is mainly made of water ice and carbon dioxide ice(干冰). In winter, the temperature on Mars can be so 7 that even the carbon dioxide in the air can freeze.
Scientists are 8 Mars with much interest. They want to find out if there was ever life on this 9 . However, they have found no signs of 10 until now, but the exploration continues.
( ) 1. A. color B. size C. distance D. shape
( ) 2. A. none B. neither C. one D. no
( ) 3. A. happy B. full C. filled D. related
( ) 4. A. larger B. deeper C. longer D. greener
( ) 5. A. while B. although C. so D. because
( ) 6. A. highest B. flattest C. strangest D. brightest
( ) 7. A. little B. common C. low D. high
( ) 8. A. surviving B. exploring C. saving D. planning
( ) 9. A. space B. universe C. valley D. planet
( ) 10. A. deaths B. beings C. rainfalls D. snowballs
二、语法填空(共30分,每空1分)
【A】
Space is full of mysteries. Celestial bodies(天体) are the key to understanding the universe. They 1 (be) very important to life on Earth. The Sun, as we know, is a star. It gives off light and heat.
Planets are different 2 stars. They don’t give off light. Each planet has its own characteristics(特点). For example, Earth has water and atmosphere(大气层). And this makes 3 possible for us to exist.
Comets are interesting 4 (object). They are made up of ice, dust, and small rocks. When they get 5 to the Sun, they form a tail. This is due to the heat from the Sun.
Space exploration is a long-term task. Scientists have the 6 (responsible) to study these celestial bodies. They use telescopes and space probes 7 (collect) information.
In the future, we hope to find out more about the universe. We can even build spaceships and they will have the 8 to drive us to other planets. But for now, we need to keep learning and 9 (explore) space. After all, the universe is so vast 10 there is still so much we don’t know.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
【B】
Dear Tom,
I’ve always been interested in space because the stars seem so strange and fascinating. Recently, I’ve been reading a lot about planets.
1 Pluto is no longer considered as a planet, it still holds a special place in my heart.
the Sun, at the center of our solar system, is the 2 (bright) star we can see. It’s so bright 3 it can light up the whole solar system. However, some planets have very low temperatures. It makes me wonder if there is any 4 (live) beings on those planets.
Planets have many things 5 common. Many planets have air and earth. But they are also 6 from each other. Mars, for example, has a very thin atmosphere, while Venus has a very thick one.
Scientists did a lot of explorations and they are all 7 (relate) to the planets. They believe that each planet plays an 8 (importance) role in the universe. Space exploration is also full of 9 (responsibility). We need to prove our knowledge about the planets and publish more research.
Maybe one day we’ll find out more amazing things about these planets. Because our minds are 10 (fill) with so many curiosities, we’ll never stop our steps.
Yours,
Mike
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
【C】
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示,在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词,使短文完整、通顺。
In the universe, 1 we all know, there is the Sun, Moon, Earth, and a lot of stars. We learned in class that the Sun is a s 2 , Earth is a planet and Moon is our natural 3 . We also know Earth moves a 4 the Sun and Moon goes around Earth. We have days and nights 5 of the rotation of Earth day and night. When some parts of Earth 6 to the Sun, people living on Earth have daylight. If Earth stops rotating again and again, there will be no days 7 nights. Life on Earth will not s 8 as well.
Moon looks much bigger than the Sun because it is 9 to Earth. Such a short distance also gives Moon the p 10 to change the tides(潮汐)on Earth.
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
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答案解析
一、完形填空(共 20 分,每空 1 分)
【A】
1.答案:A
解析:前文提到 “celestial bodies(天体)”,选项中只有 “planets(行星)” 属于天体;“plants(植物)”“animals(动物)”“trees(树)” 均为地球生物,不符合语境,故选 A。
2.答案:B
解析:根据 “we can see them even with our own eyes at night(即使在夜晚用肉眼也能看到它们)” 可知,星星应是 “bright(明亮的)”;“low(低的)”“blind(盲的)”“dark(黑暗的)” 均无法解释 “肉眼可见” 的原因,故选 B。
3.答案:C
解析:行星的运动规律是 “围绕恒星运转”,“move around(围绕…… 移动)” 符合科学事实;“run(跑)”“rise(升起)”“prove(证明)” 均不符合行星运动的描述,故选 C。
4.答案:B
解析:“科学家认为火星上曾有生命” 是 “火星成为太空探索热点” 的原因,“because(因为)” 引导原因状语从句;“although(虽然)” 表让步,“so(所以)” 表结果,“if(如果)” 表假设,均不符合逻辑,故选 B。
5.答案:A
解析:彗星由冰、尘埃和小岩石构成,相较于恒星、行星,体积通常较小,“small(小的)” 符合其特征;“alive(有生命的)”“lonely(孤独的)”“new(新的)” 均无科学依据支撑,故选 A。
6.答案:A
解析:彗星靠近太阳时会形成长长的亮尾,这是其与其他天体最显著的区别,“different from(与…… 不同)” 符合语境;“alive with(充满……)”“similar to(与…… 相似)”“short of(缺乏……)” 均与彗星的独特特征矛盾,故选 A。
7.答案:A
解析:探索太空、了解宇宙是人类的 “责任(responsibility)”;“truth(真相)”“ability(能力)”“death(死亡)” 均无法搭配 “keep exploring and learning(持续探索和学习)”,故选 A。
8.答案:B
解析:科学家研究天体的目的是 “了解更多(learn more)” 相关知识;“make(制作)”“publish(发表)”“worry(担心)” 均不符合 “研究天体” 的目标,故选 B。
9.答案:A
解析:“research results(研究成果)” 通常会 “发表(publish)” 在科学期刊上;“prove(证明)”“produce(生产)”“prefer(偏爱)” 均与 “研究成果和期刊” 的搭配不符,故选 A。
10.答案:C
解析:根据后文 “Maybe one day, we’ll even find a planet where we can live(或许有一天,我们甚至能找到宜居行星)” 可知,未来可能发现 “奇怪的(strange)” 新事物;“natural(自然的)”“common(普通的)”“normal(正常的)” 均无法体现 “未知探索” 的语境,故选 C。
【B】
1.答案:A
解析:火星被称为 “Red Planet(红色星球)”,核心原因是其 “颜色(color)”;“size(尺寸)”“distance(距离)”“shape(形状)” 均与 “红色” 无关,故选 A。
2.答案:C
解析:“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词” 是固定结构,意为 “最…… 之一”,句意为 “它是科学家眼中最迷人的行星之一”;“none(没有一个)”“neither(两者都不)”“no(没有)” 均无法构成该结构,故选 C。
3.答案:C
解析:“be filled with(充满……)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “火星表面布满巨大的沙漠、高山和深谷”;“happy(开心的)”“full(满的,需与 of 搭配)”“related(相关的,需与 to 搭配)” 均不符合语法,故选 C。
4.答案:A
解析:前文提到 “high mountains(高山)”,此处应对比山脉的 “大小(larger)”;“deeper(更深的)” 形容深度,“longer(更长的)” 形容长度,“greener(更绿的)” 与火星沙漠环境矛盾,故选 A。
5.答案:B
解析:“火星有和地球类似的季节” 与 “火星的季节更长” 是转折关系,“although(虽然)” 引导让步状语从句;“while(当…… 时 / 然而,需接完整句子)”“so(所以)”“because(因为)” 均不符合逻辑,故选 B。
6.答案:C
解析:火星极地冰盖由水冰和干冰构成,且冬季会让空气中的二氧化碳冻结,这是其 “奇怪的(strangest)” 特征之一;“highest(最高的)”“flattest(最平坦的)”“brightest(最亮的)” 均未体现冰盖的独特性,故选 C。
7.答案:C
解析:根据 “even the carbon dioxide in the air can freeze(甚至空气中的二氧化碳都能冻结)” 可知,火星冬季温度 “很低(low)”;“little(少的)”“common(普通的)”“high(高的)” 均无法解释 “二氧化碳冻结” 的现象,故选 C。
8.答案:B
解析:科学家对火星的核心动作是 “探索(exploring)”,以寻找生命迹象;“surviving(幸存)”“saving(拯救)”“planning(计划)” 均不符合 “寻找生命” 的语境,故选 B。
9.答案:D
解析:此处指代前文提到的 “Mars(火星)”,属于 “行星(planet)”;“space(太空)”“universe(宇宙)” 范围过大,“valley(山谷)” 范围过小,故选 D。
10.答案:B
解析:科学家探索火星的核心目标是寻找 “生命(beings)”;“deaths(死亡)”“rainfalls(降雨)”“snowballs(雪球)” 均与 “探索火星的核心目标” 无关,故选 B。
二、语法填空(共 30 分,每空 1 分)
【A】
1.答案:are
解析:主语 “they” 指代前文 “celestial bodies(天体)”,为复数;全文时态为一般现在时,故填 “are”。
2.答案:from
解析:“be different from(与…… 不同)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “行星与恒星不同”,故填 “from”。
3.答案:it
解析:“make it + 形容词 + to do sth.” 是固定句型,“it” 作形式宾语,真正宾语是 “to exist”,故填 “it”。
4.答案:objects
解析:主语 “comets(彗星)” 是复数,且 “object(物体)” 为可数名词,需用复数形式 “objects”。
5.答案:close
解析:根据科学常识,彗星 “靠近(close)” 太阳时才会形成彗尾,“get close to(靠近……)” 是固定搭配,故填 “close”。
6.答案:responsibility
解析:定冠词 “the” 后需接名词,“responsible(负责任的)” 的名词形式是 “responsibility(责任)”,故填 “responsibility”。
7.答案:to collect
解析:“use sth. to do sth.(用某物做某事)” 是固定用法,句意为 “他们用望远镜和太空探测器收集信息”,故填 “to collect”。
8.答案:power
解析:根据 “drive us to other planets(带我们去其他行星)” 可知,宇宙飞船需要 “能力(power)”,故填 “power”。
9.答案:exploring
解析:“keep doing sth.(持续做某事)” 是固定搭配,“and” 连接 “learning” 和 “exploring”,故填 “exploring”。
10.答案:that
解析:“so...that...(如此…… 以至于……)” 是固定句型,句意为 “宇宙如此广阔,以至于还有很多我们不知道的事物”,故填 “that”。
【B】
1.答案:Although/Though
解析:“冥王星不再被视为行星” 与 “它在我心中仍有特殊地位” 是转折关系,需用 “Although/Though(虽然)” 引导让步状语从句,句首首字母大写,故填 “Although/Though”。
2.答案:brightest
解析:根据 “we can see(我们能看到的)” 可知,太阳是 “最亮的(brightest)” 恒星,此处需用形容词最高级,故填 “brightest”。
3.答案:that
解析:“so...that...(如此…… 以至于……)” 是固定句型,句意为 “它如此明亮,以至于能照亮整个太阳系”,故填 “that”。
4.答案:living
解析:“living beings(生物)” 是固定搭配,“living(活的)” 作定语修饰 “beings”,故填 “living”。
5.答案:in
解析:“have...in common(有…… 共同之处)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “行星有很多共同之处”,故填 “in”。
6.答案:different
解析:根据后文 “火星大气层稀薄,而金星大气层浓厚” 可知,行星之间也 “不同(different)”,“be different from(与…… 不同)” 是固定搭配,故填 “different”。
7.答案:related
解析:“be related to(与…… 相关)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “科学家进行了很多与行星相关的探索”,故填 “related”。
8.答案:important
解析:“play an important role(扮演重要角色)” 是固定搭配,“importance(重要性)” 的形容词形式是 “important(重要的)”,故填 “important”。
9.答案:responsibilities
解析:“responsibility(责任)” 是可数名词,“full of(充满……)” 后需接复数形式 “responsibilities”,故填 “responsibilities”。
10.答案:filled
解析:“be filled with(充满……)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “因为我们心中充满好奇,所以永远不会停下脚步”,故填 “filled”。
【C】
1.答案:as
解析:“as we all know(众所周知)” 是固定短语,引导插入语,故填 “as”。
2.答案:star
解析:根据科学常识,太阳是 “恒星(star)”,前文有不定冠词 “a”,故填 “star”。
3.答案:satellite
解析:月球是地球的 “天然卫星(natural satellite)”,故填 “satellite”。
4.答案:around
解析:“move around(围绕…… 转动)” 是固定搭配,句意为 “地球围绕太阳转动”,故填 “around”。
5.答案:because
解析:“地球自转” 是 “有昼夜” 的原因,“because of(因为)” 后接名词短语 “the rotation of Earth”,故填 “because”。
6.答案:face
解析:地球 “朝向(face)” 太阳的部分会有白天,主语 “some parts of Earth” 是复数,时态为一般现在时,故填 “face”。
7.答案:or
解析:“no days or nights(没有白天和黑夜)” 是否定句中的并列关系,需用 “or” 连接,故填 “or”。
8.答案:survive
解析:没有昼夜会导致地球生命无法 “生存(survive)”,“will not” 后接动词原形,故填 “survive”。
9.答案:closer
解析:月球看起来比太阳大,是因为它离地球 “更近(closer)”,此处需用比较级,故填 “closer”。
10.答案:power
解析:月球的引力使其拥有改变地球潮汐的 “力量(power)”,故填 “power”。