九年级人教版英语7-9单元重点知识点与核心语法知识点(详细版)
Unit 7 (Topics:Rules & Permissions)
一、重点短语(共35条)
1. be allowed to do sth.(被允许做某事)
2. part-time job(兼职工作)
3. a driver’s license(驾照)
4. stay up(熬夜)
5. stay up late(熬夜到很晚)
6. clean up(清扫;整理)
7. fail (in) a test(考试不及格)
8. pass a test(考试及格)
9. take the test(参加考试)
10. retake the test(重考)
11. concentrate on(全神贯注于)
12. concentrate on doing sth.(专注于做某事)
13. be good for(对……有益)
14. be bad for(对……有害)
15. in groups(成群地;按组)
16. learn from(向……学习)
17. learn from sb.(向某人学习)
18. at present(目前;现在)
19. at the moment(此刻;现在,同at present)
20. have an opportunity to do sth.(有做……的机会)
21. have a chance to do sth.(有做……的机会,同have an opportunity to do sth.)
22. achieve one’s dream(实现某人的梦想)
e true(实现,主语为梦想/愿望)
24. instead of(代替;而不是)
25. instead of doing sth.(代替做某事)
26. be strict with sb.(对某人严厉)
27. be strict about sth.(对某事严格)
28. get one’s ears pierced(穿耳洞)
29. take care of(照顾;照料)
30. look after(照顾;照料,同take care of)
31. make decisions(做决定)
32. make a decision(做一个决定)
33. agree with sb.(同意某人)
34. disagree with sb.(不同意某人)
35. talk back(顶嘴;回嘴)
二、重点句型(共25条)
1. I don’t think + 从句(否定转移,“我认为……不”),例:I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
2. Do you think + 从句(“你认为……吗”),例:Do you think we should have more free time
3. Should + 主语 + be allowed to do sth. (“某人应该被允许做某事吗”),例:Should students be allowed to use mobile phones at school
4.主语 + should not (shouldn’t) be allowed to do sth.(“某人不应该被允许做某事”),例:Children shouldn’t be allowed to watch violent movies.
5. They talk instead of doing homework.(“他们聊天而不是做作业”,instead of后接动名词),例:She listened to music instead of reading.
6. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream.(“只有那样我才有机会实现梦想”,Only+状语倒装),例:Only in this way can we solve the problem.
7. It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.(“对某人来说做某事是……的”),例:It’s important for us to learn English well.
8. It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.(“某人做某事是……的”,adj.描述人的品质),例:It’s kind of you to help me.
9.主语 + need(s) to do sth.(“某人需要做某事”),例:He needs to practice speaking English every day.
10.主语 + need(s) doing sth.(“某物需要被……”,主动表被动),例:The room needs cleaning.
11. What do you think of + sth. (“你认为……怎么样”),例:What do you think of the new school rule
12. How do you like + sth. (“你认为……怎么样”,同What do you think of),例:How do you like this book
13. I agree that + 从句(“我同意……”),例:I agree that we should protect the environment.
14. I disagree that + 从句(“我不同意……”),例:I disagree that homework should be canceled.
15. It seems that + 从句(“看起来好像……”),例:It seems that he is angry with you.
16.主语 + seems + adj.(“某人/某物看起来……”),例:The task seems difficult.
17. Both...and...(“两者都……”,连接并列成分,谓语用复数),例:Both Tom and Mary are good at English.
18. Not only...but also...(“不仅……而且……”,连接并列成分,谓语就近原则),例:Not only he but also I like playing basketball.
19. Either...or...(“要么……要么……”,谓语就近原则),例:Either you or he has to finish the work.
20. Neither...nor...(“既不……也不……”,谓语就近原则),例:Neither my mother nor my father likes spicy food.
21.主语 + have/has been + 过去分词(现在完成时被动),例:The letter has been sent.
22. Why don’t you + do sth. (“你为什么不做某事呢”,提建议),例:Why don’t you ask the teacher for help
23. Why not + do sth. (“为什么不做某事呢”,同Why don’t you,提建议),例:Why not go for a walk after dinner
24. You’d better + do sth.(“你最好做某事”),例:You’d better wear warm clothes today.
25. You’d better not + do sth.(“你最好不要做某事”),例:You’d better not eat too much sugar.
三、核心语法(共40条)
(一)含有情态动词的被动语态(25条)
1. 核心结构:情态动词(can/may/must/should/need等)+ be + 及物动词的过去分词,表“(人/物)应该/必须/可能被……”。
2. 情态动词分类:表能力(can)、表许可(may/can)、表义务(must/should)、表必要性(need)。
3. 肯定句结构:主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 +(by 短语,表动作执行者,可省略)。
4. 肯定句例句1:The homework must be finished today.(作业必须今天完成。)
5. 肯定句例句2:This problem can be solved easily.(这个问题能被轻松解决。)
6. 否定句结构:主语 + 情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 +(by 短语)。
7. 否定句例句1:The door shouldn’t be left open.(门不应该开着。)
8. 否定句例句2:This book can’t be taken out of the library.(这本书不能带出图书馆。)
9. 一般疑问句结构:情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词 +(by 短语)?
10. 一般疑问句例句1:Must the work be done now (这项工作必须现在做吗?)
11. 一般疑问句例句2:Can this machine be repaired (这台机器能修好吗?)
12. 特殊疑问句结构:特殊疑问词(What/When/Where/How等)+ 情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词 +(by 短语)?
13. 特殊疑问句例句1:When should the meeting be held (会议应该什么时候举行?)
14. 特殊疑问句例句2:How can this mistake be corrected (这个错误怎么能纠正?)
15. 主动句变被动句步骤1:找出主动句的宾语,作为被动句的主语。
16. 主动句变被动句步骤2:将主动句的谓语动词改为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。
17. 主动句变被动句步骤3:主动句的主语变为by的宾语,若执行者不明确,可省略by短语。
18. 主动变被动例句:主动(She must clean the room.)→ 被动(The room must be cleaned by her.)
19. 含双宾语的被动句:可将间接宾语或直接宾语作主语,例:主动(He gave me a book.)→ 被动(I was given a book. / A book was given to me.)
20. 不及物动词特点:无被动语态(如happen、appear、come、go),例:The accident happened yesterday.(不能说The accident was happened...)
21. 主动表被动情况1:系动词(smell/feel/sound/taste/look)+ adj.,例:The cake smells delicious.(蛋糕闻起来很香。)
22. 主动表被动情况2:need/want/require + doing = need/want/require + to be done,例:The bike needs repairing. = The bike needs to be repaired.
23. 主动表被动情况3:be worth + doing,例:This book is worth reading.(这本书值得一读。)
24. 情态动词need的被动:need be done(否定need not be done),例:The work needn’t be finished today.
25. 易错点:mustn’t表“禁止”,不表否定推测;表否定推测用can’t,例:It can’t be his bag.(不能说It mustn’t be his bag.)
(二)“Only+状语”引导的倒装句(15条)
1. 倒装规则:当“Only + 状语”(副词/介词短语/状语从句)位于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语 + 谓语剩余部分)。
2. Only+副词作状语,例:Only yesterday did I know the truth.(直到昨天我才知道真相。)
3. Only+介词短语作状语,例:Only in the park can we relax.(只有在公园我们才能放松。)
4. Only+时间状语从句,例:Only when he came back did we start dinner.(只有他回来我们才开始吃饭。)
5. Only+条件状语从句,例:Only if you study hard will you pass the exam.(只有努力学习你才能通过考试。)
6. 不倒装情况1:Only修饰主语时,句子不倒装,例:Only he knows the answer.(只有他知道答案。)
7. 不倒装情况2:Only不位于句首时,句子不倒装,例:We will succeed only by working hard.(我们只有努力工作才能成功。)
8. 倒装句中助动词选择1:主句含实义动词且时态为一般现在时,用do/does,例:Only then do I understand.
9. 倒装句中助动词选择2:主句含实义动词且时态为一般过去时,用did,例:Only last week did she visit us.
10. 倒装句中情态动词用法:主句含情态动词(can/should/must等),将情态动词提前,例:Only then can we win.
11. 倒装句中系动词用法:主句含系动词(be),将be提前,例:Only here is the food delicious.
12. 常见错误1:Only+状语从句位于句首时,从句不倒装,仅主句倒装,例:Only when he is free does he go shopping.(不能说Only when is he free...)
13. 常见错误2:遗漏助动词/情态动词,例:Only then I will go.(错误)→ Only then will I go.(正确)
14. 翻译技巧:“Only+状语”倒装句常译为“只有……才……”,例:Only in this way can you improve.(只有这样你才能进步。)
15. 经典例句积累:Only after finishing homework can you watch TV.(只有完成作业你才能看电视。)
Unit 8 (Topics:Mysteries & Speculations)
一、重点短语(共30条)
1. too...to...(太……而不能……).
2. too + adj. + for sb. to do sth.(对某人来说太……而不能做某事)
3. have fun doing sth.(做某事很开心)
4. have a good time doing sth.(做某事很开心,同have fun doing sth.)
5. enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事)
6. stop...from doing sth.(阻止……做某事)
7. prevent...from doing sth.(阻止……做某事,同stop...from doing sth.)
8. keep...from doing sth.(阻止……做某事,from不可省略)
9. one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数(最……的……之一)
10. hear sb. do sth.(听见某人做某事,强调动作全过程)
11. hear sb. doing sth.(听见某人正在做某事,强调动作进行中)
12. see sb. do sth.(看见某人做某事,全过程)
13. see sb. doing sth.(看见某人正在做某事,进行中)
14. belong to(属于,无被动语态)
15. run after(追逐;追赶)
16. run away(逃跑;跑开)
17. in the neighborhood(在附近)
18. next-door neighbor(隔壁邻居)
19. at the picnic(在野餐时)
20. pick up(捡起;拾起;接某人)
21. pick up sth.(捡起某物)
22. pick sb. up(接某人)
23. call the police(报警)
24. strange noise(奇怪的声音)
25. unusual smell(不寻常的气味)
26. worry about(担心;担忧)
27. be worried about(担心;担忧,同worry about)
28. look for(寻找,强调动作)
29. find(找到,强调结果)
30. find out(查明;弄清楚,强调通过努力得知)
二、重点句型(共20条)
1. There must be sb./sth. doing sth.(一定有某人/某物正在做某事,表肯定推测),例:There must be someone singing in the room.
2. There can’t be sb./sth. doing sth.(不可能有某人/某物正在做某事,表否定推测),例:There can’t be a ghost walking in the street.
3. There might/could be sb./sth. doing sth.(可能有某人/某物正在做某事,表不确定推测),例:There might be a cat hiding behind the door.
4. What could it be (它可能是什么呢?),例:—Listen! There’s a noise. What could it be —It could be a dog.
5. It must be + sb./sth.(它一定是……),例:The bag must be Lucy’s. She has the same one.
6. It can’t be + sb./sth.(它不可能是……),例:It can’t be Tom. He is in Beijing now.
7. It might/could be + sb./sth.(它可能是……),例:It might be a present from my friend.
8.主语 + must have done sth.(某人一定做过某事,对过去的肯定推测),例:He isn’t here. He must have gone home.
9.主语 + can’t have done sth.(某人不可能做过某事,对过去的否定推测),例:She can’t have stolen the money. She is honest.
10.主语 + might/could have done sth.(某人可能做过某事,对过去的不确定推测),例:He might have forgotten the meeting.
11. This is the place where + 从句(这是……的地方,where引导定语从句),例:This is the place where we had a picnic.
12. The man who/that + 从句(那个……的男人,who/that引导定语从句),例:The man who is talking to my teacher is my father.
13. Is there anything that + 从句(有……的东西吗,that引导定语从句),例:Is there anything that I can do for you
14. Why do you think + 从句?(你为什么认为……?),例:Why do you think he is late
15. Do you know + 疑问词 + 从句?(你知道……吗?),例:Do you know where he lives
16. I wonder + 从句(我想知道……),例:I wonder what happened last night.
17. It’s possible that + 从句(有可能……),例:It’s possible that it will rain tomorrow.
18. It’s impossible that + 从句(不可能……),例:It’s impossible that he finishes the work in an hour.
19. Maybe + 主语 + 谓语(可能……,maybe位于句首),例:Maybe he will come back soon.
20.主语 + may be + 表语(可能是……,may be位于句中),例:He may be at home now.
核心语法:情态动词表推测(共30条)
(一)对现在/当前情况的推测(15条)
1. 肯定推测(语气最强,90%-100%确定):用must,结构“主语 + must + 动词原形”。
2. 肯定推测例句1:He is wearing a uniform. He must be a doctor.(他穿着制服,一定是医生。)
3. 肯定推测例句2:The light is on. She must be in the room.(灯亮着,她一定在房间里。)
4. 肯定推测适用场景:有明确证据支持的判断,如“灯亮着→人在房间”“穿着校服→是学生”。
5. 否定推测(语气最强,90%-100%确定“不”):用can’t,结构“主语 + can’t + 动词原形”。
6. 否定推测例句1:He is in Shanghai. He can’t be in Beijing now.(他在上海,现在不可能在北京。)
7. 否定推测例句2:This book is too easy for him. He can’t be a college student.(这本书对他太简单,他不可能是大学生。)
8. 否定推测易错点:不用mustn’t(mustn’t表“禁止”,如You mustn’t smoke here.)。
9. 不确定推测(语气较弱,30%-60%可能):用could/might,结构“主语 + could/might + 动词原形”。
10. 不确定推测例句1:It’s cloudy. It could rain this afternoon.(天阴了,下午可能下雨。)
11. 不确定推测例句2:She isn’t here. She might be late.(她没来,可能迟到了。)
12. could与might区别:could语气比might稍强,都可表“可能”,无本质差异,可互换。
13. 疑问推测:用can/could,结构“Can/Could + 主语 + 动词原形?”,例:Could this be his pen (这可能是他的笔吗?)
14. 疑问推测不使用may/must:不用“May/Must he be a teacher ”,需用“Could he be a teacher ”。
15. 对状态的推测:后接be动词,例:He must be tired.(他一定累了。)/ She could be happy.(她可能开心。)
(二)对过去情况的推测(15条)
1. 核心结构:情态动词 + have + 过去分词(must have done/can’t have done/could/might have done)。
2. 对过去肯定推测:用must have done,表“过去一定做过某事”,例:The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.(地面湿了,昨晚一定下雨了。)
3. 对过去肯定推测例句2:He knows the news. He must have read the newspaper.(他知道这个消息,一定读过报纸了。)
4. 对过去肯定推测证据:“地面湿→昨晚下雨”“知道消息→读过报纸”,需有过去的结果支撑。
5. 对过去否定推测:用can’t have done,表“过去不可能做过某事”,例:She was at work. She can’t have stolen the money.(她当时在上班,不可能偷了钱。)
6. 对过去否定推测例句2:He didn’t study. He can’t have passed the exam.(他没学习,不可能通过考试。)
7. 对过去否定推测易错点:不用mustn’t have done(无此用法)。
8. 对过去不确定推测:用could/might have done,表“过去可能做过某事”,例:He isn’t here. He might have missed the bus.(他没来,可能错过了公交车。)
9. 对过去不确定推测例句2:The door is open. Someone could have come in.(门开着,可能有人进来过。)
10. could have done特殊用法:表“过去本可以做但没做”,例:You could have passed the exam if you studied hard.(你如果努力学习,本可以通过考试的。)
11. might have done无“本可以”含义:仅表“过去可能”,不能表“本可以但没做”。
12. 对过去动作的推测:后接实义动词的过去分词,例:He must have eaten the cake.(他一定吃了蛋糕。)
13. 对过去状态的推测:后接been + 形容词/介词短语,例:She must have been angry.(她当时一定生气了。)/ He could have been in the park.(他当时可能在公园。)
14. 过去推测的时间提示:句中常含过去时间状语,如last night/yesterday/at that time,例:He can’t have been here yesterday.(他昨天不可能在这里。)
15. 过去推测的疑问句:用could have done,例:Could he have forgotten the meeting (他可能忘了会议吗?)
Unit 9 (Topics:Preferences & Music/Art)
一、重点短语(共30条)
1. in that case(既然那样;假使那样的话)
2. stick to(坚持;固守,后接名词/动名词)
3. stick to doing sth.(坚持做某事)
4. plenty of(大量;许多,后接可数/不可数名词)
5. a lot of(大量;许多,同plenty of)
6. lots of(大量;许多,同plenty of)
7. shut off(关闭;关掉,相当于turn off)
8. shut down(关闭;停止运转,用于机器/系统)
9. turn off(关闭,用于电器、水/煤气等)
10. once in a while(偶尔;间或)
11. from time to time(偶尔;有时,同once in a while)
12. at times(偶尔;有时,同once in a while)
13. in total(总共;合计)
14. in all(总共;合计,同in total)
15. dance to(随着……跳舞)
16. sing along with(跟着……一起唱)
17. listen to(听……)
18. depend on(依靠;依赖;由……决定)
19. depend on sb.(依靠某人)
20. depend on sth.(由某事决定)
21. be sure about(确信;确定)
22. be sure to do sth.(一定做某事)
23. make sure(确保;查明)
24. different kinds of(不同种类的)
25. all kinds of(各种各样的)
26. kind of(有点儿;稍微,后接形容词)
27. a bit(有点儿;稍微,同kind of)
28. cheer up(使高兴;使振奋)
29. make sb. happy(使某人开心,同cheer up)
30. feel like doing sth.(想要做某事)
二、重点句型(共20条)
1. I prefer music that has great lyrics.(我更喜欢歌词优美的音乐,that引导定语从句修饰music),例:She prefers books that are interesting.
2. I prefer singers who write their own songs.(我更喜欢自己写歌的歌手,who引导定语从句修饰singers),例:He prefers teachers who are kind.
3. What kind of + 名词 + do you prefer (你更喜欢哪种……?),例:What kind of music do you prefer
4. I prefer A to B.(比起B,我更喜欢A,A/B为名词/代词),例:I prefer tea to coffee.
5. I prefer doing A to doing B.(比起做B,我更喜欢做A),例:She prefers reading to watching TV.
6. I prefer to do A rather than do B.(我宁愿做A也不愿做B),例:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
7. Would you prefer + 名词A or 名词B (你更喜欢A还是B?),例:Would you prefer apple or banana
8. Would you prefer to do A or (to) do B (你更愿意做A还是B?),例:Would you prefer to walk or take a bus
9.主语 + like(s) + 名词 + that/who + 从句(某人喜欢……的……),例:I like movies that have happy endings.
10.主语 + don’t/doesn’t like + 名词 + that/who + 从句(某人不喜欢……的……),例:She doesn’t like people who are rude.
11. It’s + adj. + to do sth. with + 名词(做某事对……来说是……的),例:It’s relaxing to listen to music with headphones.
12. Music helps sb. (to) do sth.(音乐帮助某人做某事),例:Music helps me (to) sleep better.
13. I think + 名词 + is/are + adj. because + 从句(我认为……是……的,因为……),例:I think this song is great because its melody is beautiful.
14. What do you think of + 名词 + that + 从句 (你认为……的……怎么样?),例:What do you think of the book that he wrote
15. I don’t mind + 名词 + that + 从句(我不介意……的……),例:I don’t mind music that is loud.
16. I can’t stand + 名词 + that + 从句(我无法忍受……的……),例:I can’t stand movies that are too scary.
17. The reason why + 从句 is that + 从句(……的原因是……),例:The reason why I like this song is that it reminds me of my childhood.
18. When I + 动词原形,I + 动词原形(当我……时,我……),例:When I feel sad, I listen to happy music.
19. As soon as + 从句,主句(一……就……),例:As soon as the music starts, they begin to dance.
20. I will + 动词原形 if + 从句(如果……,我会……),例:I will go to the concert if I have time.
三、核心语法(共30条)
(一)定语从句(that/who/which引导)(20条)
1. 定语从句定义:修饰名词或代词(先行词)的句子,常位于先行词后,起“……的”作用。
2. 先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词/代词(人或物),例:I like music that has great lyrics.(music是先行词)。
3. 关系代词:连接主句和从句,在从句中作主语/宾语,常见that(人/物)、who(人)、which(物)。
4. that指物,在从句中作主语:例:This is the book that is popular.(that指代book,作从句主语)。
5. that指物,在从句中作宾语(可省略):例:This is the book (that) I bought yesterday.(that指代book,作从句宾语,可省略)。
6. that指人,在从句中作主语:例:He is the boy that helped me.(that指代boy,作从句主语)。
7. that指人,在从句中作宾语(可省略):例:He is the boy (that) I met yesterday.(that指代boy,作从句宾语,可省略)。
8. who指人,在从句中作主语:例:She is the girl who sings well.(who指代girl,作从句主语)。
9. who指人,在从句中作宾语(可省略):例:She is the girl (who) I talked to.(who指代girl,作从句宾语,可省略)。
10. which指物,在从句中作主语:例:The car which is red is mine.(which指代car,作从句主语)。
11. which指物,在从句中作宾语(可省略):例:The car (which) he bought is new.(which指代car,作从句宾语,可省略)。
12. 只用that的情况1:先行词是不定代词(all/nothing/something/anything等),例:All that I need is time.
13. 只用that的情况2:先行词被最高级修饰(the best/the tallest等),例:This is the best film that I have seen.
14. 只用that的情况3:先行词被序数词修饰(the first/the second等),例:He is the first person that arrived.
15. 只用that的情况4:先行词被the only/the very修饰,例:This is the only book that I want.
16. 只用that的情况5:先行词既指人又指物,例:We talked about the people and places that we visited.
17. 只用which的情况1:非限定性定语从句(先行词后有逗号,补充说明,不可省略),例:The book, which he bought yesterday, is interesting.
18. 只用which的情况2:介词前置时(介词+which),例:This is the pen with which I write.(= This is the pen that I write with.)
19. 定语从句主谓一致:从句谓语动词需与先行词的单复数保持一致,例:He likes singers who write their own songs.(singers是复数,write用原形);He likes the singer who writes his own songs.(singer是单数,writes用三单)。
20. 定语从句省略规则:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,作主语时不可省略,例:The man (who) I saw is Tom.(作宾语,可省略);The man who saw me is Tom.(作主语,不可省略)。
(二)prefer的用法(10条)
1. prefer + 名词/代词:表“更喜欢……”,例:I prefer coffee.(我更喜欢咖啡。)/ She prefers this dress.(她更喜欢这条裙子。)
2. prefer + 动名词(doing):表“更喜欢做某事”,例:He prefers swimming.(他更喜欢游泳。)/ I prefer reading.(我更喜欢读书。)
3. prefer (doing) A to (doing) B:表“比起(做)B,更喜欢(做)A”,to是介词,后接名词/动名词,例:She prefers reading to watching TV.(比起看电视,她更喜欢读书。)/ I prefer tea to coffee.(比起咖啡,我更喜欢茶。)
4. prefer to do A rather than do B:表“宁愿做A也不愿做B”,rather than后接动词原形,例:I prefer to stay at home rather than go out.(我宁愿在家也不愿出去。)/ He prefers to walk rather than take a bus.(他宁愿走路也不愿坐公交。)
5. prefer (sb.) to do sth.:表“(更愿意)让某人做某事”,例:My mom prefers me to study early.(我妈妈更愿意让我早点学习。)/ He prefers his son to be a doctor.(他更愿意让儿子当医生。)
6. prefer的否定形式:don’t prefer(主语为非三单)/ doesn’t prefer(主语为三单),例:I don’t prefer spicy food.(我不喜欢辛辣食物。)/ She doesn’t prefer cold weather.(她不喜欢寒冷天气。)
7. prefer的过去式/过去分词:preferred(双写r加ed),例:He preferred music when he was young.(他年轻时更喜欢音乐。)
8. prefer的现在分词:preferring(双写r加ing),例:She is preferring to stay alone now.(她现在更愿意独处。)
9. prefer与like的区别:prefer语气更强,表“在两者中更偏好其一”,like仅表“喜欢”,无比较,例:I like coffee and tea, but I prefer coffee.(我喜欢咖啡和茶,但更喜欢咖啡。)
10. prefer的常见搭配:prefer music/singers/movies(更喜欢音乐/歌手/电影)、prefer to do homework(更愿意做作业)、prefer staying at home(更喜欢待在家)。