Unit 3 Sports and Fitness高考真题练习（含答案解析）人教版必修第一册一轮复习
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| 名称 | Unit 3 Sports and Fitness高考真题练习（含答案解析）人教版必修第一册一轮复习 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-10-14 14:59:33 | ||
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B1Unit 3 SPORTS AND FITNESS 高考真题链接
I阅读理解
[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]A
Choice of walks for beginner and experienced walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 9:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 9:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒)along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
( )21.Which walk takes the shortest time
A.The Natural World. B.Introduction to Hillwalking.
C.Moonlight Under the Stars. D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
( )22.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
Wear proper clothes. B.Join a walking club.
C.Get special permits. D.Bring a survival guide.
( )23.What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing. B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point. D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
[2022·新高考全国II卷] D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a programme of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training programme, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
( )32.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A.The right way of exercising. B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit. D.The aging process of the heart.
( )33.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A.Diet plan. B.Professional background. C.Exercise type. D.Previous physical condition.
( )34.What does Levine’s research find
Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
( )35.What does Dr Nieca Goldberg suggest
A.Making use of the findings. B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research. D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
[2021·全国乙卷] A
The biggest stadiums in the world
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 AD, the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, US. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, US. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, US. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
( )21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
( )22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium. C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
( )23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games. B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favoured by architects.
II七选五
[2018·全国卷II]
If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4~10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
III 完形填空
[2023·全国乙卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap(飞跃),however 46 it would be. Even at 14,Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi,the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by,she thought 59 that she could make the London Games—and win.
“I'm going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I'm ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
( )41.A.tried B.thought C.judged D.knew
( )42.A.take up B.pack up C.clean up D.do up
( )43.A.goodbye B.hello C.thanks D.no
( )44.A.cause B.observe C.ride D.strike
( )45.A.common B.time C.fun D.tough
( )46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
( )47.A.dropped out B.moved on C.pulled over D.went off
( )48.A.reason B.talk C.compete D.train
( )49.A.met B.helped C.understood D.needed
( )50.A.approximately B.gradually C.exactly D.possibly
( )51.A.defeated B.pleased C.respected D.assisted
( )52.A.forced B.transformed C.persuaded D.put
( )53.A.world B.city C.team D.state
( )54.A.amateur B.elected C.average D.enthusiastic
( )55.A.clarifying B.defending C.winning D.demanding
( )56.A.followed B.organized C.watched D.led
( )57.A.confident B.nervous C.excited D.uneasy
( )58.A.viewed B.appeared C.mattered D.took
( )59.A.now and then B.more and more C.far and wide D.on and on
( )60.A.shine B.fly C.dance D.score
IV语篇填空
[2018·全国卷I]
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61. (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62. (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63. (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64. (be) more effective at lengthening life 65. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68. (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 69. (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70. a try.
V应用文写作
[2024·浙江1月考]
请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿,向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动,内容包括:
1. 介绍这项运动;
2. 说明推荐理由。
注意:写作词数应为 80 个左右。
【思路点拨】 本篇应用文要求考生写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目_______,向同学们_______一项适合课间开展的_______,属于应用文写作中的_______短文。
写作时应注意:
要点要齐全:(1) _______这项运动;
(2) 说明推荐_______。
2.注意:(1)时态: 表达观点用____________时;
(2)详略需得当;理由具体且有_________;注意推荐性语言。
3.恰当使用一些_______,使文章自然、流畅。
4.适当使用一些高级__________和_______以提高作文的档次。
Go playing badminton, everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all the time How about adding some_______________ （身体锻炼）during our short breaks One____________（极好的）choice is_________________（打羽毛球）. The sport is_______________（推荐）for several reasons.
Firstly, playing badminton can__________________________________（加强心肺功能）, which offers numerous benefits to our physical and mental___________（健康）. What also benefits us is that not only can it__________________（减轻压力）, but it can also__________________（改善情绪）, allowing us to return to class feeling more_________（精力充沛）and focused. Most importantly, requiring nothing but a bat, badminton is an easy sport and can be_________________（展开）easily.
Let's not hesitate to___________（开始）playing badminton, which will be a small change that can _________________________________（对...有巨大的影响）our health.
VI读后续写
[2024·浙江1月考]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eva spent the first week of high school trying to keep her head above water. One of the major headaches for her was finding her way in the huge school building. It was a six-story building. On each floor, hallways stretched in four directions, leading to classrooms, laboratories, and teachers' offices. Somewhere in the building, there was also a library, a cafeteria, and a gym.
Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building. All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about, let alone commit to memory. She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.
In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. She searched the faces of her classmates for signs of panic. There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile. To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances. It was ten miles from her home to her grandfather's, and that always seemed like a long way, even in a car!
When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust. However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. “It's just the beginning,” she thought. “I'll come in last for sure.”
Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. Feeling desperate, Eva started using a mind trick on herself. She stopped thinking about the word “mile”. Instead, she focused on reaching the shadow cast on the track by an oak tree up ahead. Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯). After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap. One lap turned into two, then three, then four.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised._________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building.____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【文章大意】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了高中生Eva因为_________________,进入新的学校以后难以适应结构复杂的_____________,最后受到了体育课“_____________”意外成功的启发,解决了自身困扰。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“当Pitt教练在终点线对她说‘干得好!’时,Eva很惊讶。”可知,第一段可描写Eva 受到表扬后的__________及_________。
②由第二段首句内容“Eva决定用同样的诀窍来应对学校大楼。”可知,第二段可描写Eva运用在“一英里跑”时使用的_________来应对学校大楼以及对这件事的______。
2.续写线索:受到教练表扬后的_____________—运用诀窍解决_____________—从中得到的____________
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised._________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building.____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B1Unit 3 高考真题链接答案详解
I 阅读理解
[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。
21.D 细节理解题。比较文章所给出的四种方案中的Walk Duration部分可知,Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest的步行时间是1.5小时,用时最短。故选D。
22.A 细节理解题。根据文章Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.”可知,第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。
23.D 细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的Date and Time部分可知,这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D。
[2022·新高考全国II卷] D
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
32.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,’ says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始,它是灵活的,但把它放在抽屉里20年,它就会变得干燥,很容易破损,”得克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知,莱文想通过橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程,故选D。
33.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The first group participated in a programme of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知,两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同,故选C。
34.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后,第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的“‘We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,’ says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回到30岁或35岁的心脏。”)”可知,莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动,中年人的心脏会变得更年轻,故选A。
35.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小,需要在更大的人群中重复进行,以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知,妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
[2021·全国乙卷] A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了世界上最大的几个体育馆。
21.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可知,Circus Maximus 可以容纳大约 250 000人。故选D。
22.C 细节理解题。根据文中对四个体育馆开放时间的介绍可知,Ohio Stadium于1922年开放,是四个体育馆中最早的。故选C。
23.A 细节理解题。根据第四段“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知,这些体育馆的共同点是它们仍在举行大型的体育赛事。故选A。
II 七选五
[2018·全国卷II]
【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。早晨锻炼有很多好处,比如可以提高一个人的效率,消耗更多的热量以及提高一个人的睡眠质量等。
36.G 空格前面提到由于生活忙碌,很难找到时间来锻炼。且G中的listen up与下句“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”呼应。
37.E 根据本段的第一句话“Your productivity is improved.”可知,早晨锻炼后,你的工作效率会得到提高。E中的keep your head clear(保持头脑清醒)与前面的awake呼应。
38.F 结合下文的getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day可知,这与F项中的“…you continue to burn calories throughout the day.”(你全天会继续消耗卡路里)意义一致。
39.B 分析空格后面的“Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.”可知,该句与B项“Your quality of sleep improves.”(你的睡眠质量得到提高)呼应。
40.A 结合空格后面的stick to healthy food choices和eating junk food可知,这一段的关键词是饮食,这与A项中的your diet呼应。
III 完形填空
[2023·全国乙卷]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas在华人教练的培训下,经过不懈的努力终于获得奥运会个人全能冠军。
41.D 根据空后句“She had to…her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say…to her two dogs and to the beach…”可知,为了成为奥运会个人全能冠军,Gabby Douglas不得不离开她所熟悉的一切。try尝试; think想,认为; judge判断; know熟悉,了解。故选D项。
42.B 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要把卧室的东西打包。take up占据; pack up把……打包; clean up 清理,打扫; do up修缮。故选B项。
43.A 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要对她的狗和海滩说再见。say goodbye to意为“对……说再见”。故选A项。
44.C 根据空前the beach和空后waves on her board可知,Gabby Douglas喜欢用冲浪板在海上冲浪。ride waves意为“冲浪”。cause导致; observe观察; ride骑,乘; strike撞击,侵袭。故选C项。
45.B 根据空前but可知,虽然要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,但是时候迈出这一步了。common常见的; time时间; fun有趣的; tough艰难的。故选B项。
46.B 根据前文可知,Gabby Douglas要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,这是很让人心碎的。breathtaking惊人的;heartbreaking令人心碎的;eye-catching引人注目的;head-spinning令人头晕目眩的。故选B项。
47.D 根据空后“…about 1,200 miles away from home, to…with a coach from China.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开家,去往大约1200英里外的地方。drop out退出,退学; move on继续前进; pull over靠边停车; go off(人)离开,(闹钟、炸弹等)响起,(灯)熄灭,(食物)变质。故选D项。
48.D 根据空后a coach from China可知,Gabby Douglas要和一位来自中国的教练训练。reason推理; talk谈话; compete参加比赛,竞争; train训练。故选D项。
49.A 根据空后“…everything was new to her.”可知,她要和一个她从来没有见过的家庭生活。meet遇见; help帮助; understand理解; need需要。故选A项。
50.C 根据语境可知,训练结果是,Gabby Douglas丝毫不差地做到了成为一名奥运冠军所要做到的一切。approximately大概,大约; gradually 逐渐地; exactly确切地,准确地; possibly可能地。故选C项。
51.A 根据空后one of the best gymnasts及the top of the sport可知,在教练的帮助下,Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,成为这项运动的顶尖选手。因此可推断出,她打败了两名俄罗斯人。defeat打败; please取悦; respect尊重; assist协助。故选A项。
52.B 根据空后into one of the best gymnasts和“…helping her skyrocket from an…member of the national team to the top of the sport.”可知,这位中国教练将Douglas转变为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的一名普通队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。transform…into…意为“将……转变成……”。force迫使; transform转变; persuade劝说; put放置。故选B项。
53.A 根据前文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人)all-around event…”可知,Douglas想成为奥运会个人全能冠军,因此需要成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一。world世界; city城市; team队; state州。故选A项。
54.C 根据空前“…helping her skyrocket from…”和空后to the top of the sport可知,教练帮助Douglas从国家队的一名普通队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。 amateur业余的; elected被选中的; average普通的,一般的; enthusiastic热情的。故选C项。
55.C 根据前文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人)all-around event…”和空后the Olympic all-around title可知,她赢得奥运会全能冠军时,成为第一位获得全能冠军的黑人女性。后文中“…that she would win.”也是提示。clarify澄清; defend辩护; win赢得; demand要求。故选C项。
56.D 根据空后“She said she had felt…all along that she would win.”可知,她自始至终都在比赛中处于领先地位。follow跟随; organize组织; watch观看; lead处于领先地位。故选D项。
57.A 根据空后“…all along that she would win.”可知,她说她一直对自己会赢充满信心。confident自信的; nervous紧张的; excited兴奋的; uneasy不安的。故选A项。
58.D 根据空前did not think和空后“As time went by, she thought…that she could make the London Games—and win.”可知,不久前,女子国家队协调员Martha Karolyi认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手需要的条件。view观看; appear出现; matter重要; take需要。故选D项。
59.B 根据空前“As time went by…”和空后“…she could make the London Games—and win.”可知,随着时间的推移,Martha Karolyi越来越认为Douglas能参加伦敦奥运会并获胜。now and then不时; more and more越来越; far and wide广泛地; on and on不停地。故选B项。
60.A 根据空后“And shine she did.”可知,Douglas说“我已经准备好发光了。”,即在伦敦奥运会上闪耀登场,惊艳世界。shine发光,出色; fly飞翔; dance跳舞; score得分。故选A项。
IV 语法填空
[2018·全国卷I]
【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61.longer 考查副词的比较级。一份医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填longer。
62.to see 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
63.dying 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然可以通过跑步降低你早死的风险。此处of是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.is 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.than 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
66.that或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
67.causes 考查名词复数。一项研究表明,每天仅仅5~10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号,其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力。根据it’s可知,此处用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70.it或running 考查代词或动名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。give it a try意为“尝试”。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
V应用文写作
Go playing badminton, everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all the time How about adding some physical activities during our short breaks One wonderful choice is playing badminton. The sport is recommended for several reasons.
Firstly, playing badminton can strengthen our hearts and lungs, which offers numerous benefits to our physical and mental fitness. What also benefits us is that not only can it relieve stress, but it can also improve our moods, allowing us to return to class feeling more energetic and focused. Most importantly, requiring nothing but a bat, badminton is an easy sport and can be carried out easily.
Let's not hesitate to take up playing badminton, which will be a small change that can make a big difference to our health.
VI读后续写
参考范文:
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised. She couldn't believe that she not only completed the mile run but also went beyond her own expectations. A wave of pride and achievement washed over her as she looked back at the lap. For a moment, Eva couldn’t do nothing but stood still, with her heart pounding wildly. Maybe running wasn't as tough as she had once thought. Instead, it was a valuable lesson that sometimes, pushing through our fears and using mind trick can help us achieve more than we ever imagined. From then on, Eva began to change.
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building. Instead of feeling confused by its huge size and different hallways, she would break it down into smaller parts. Just like focusing on reaching the shadow cast on the track or the spot where the track curved, Eva would memorize specific landmarks in the building to guide her way.. With each successful direction, Eva's confidence grew, and she became more comfortable exploring the different floors and rooms of the school. Looking back, Eva realized it was the experience of a mile running that made her understand the importance of determination and mind trick.
I阅读理解
[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]A
Choice of walks for beginner and experienced walkers
The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow's mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks.
Walk 1—The Natural World
With environmentalist anna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 9:00
Start Point: Scratoes Bridge
Walk Duration: 6 hours
Walk 2—Introduction to Hillwalking
Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 9:00
Start Point: Deerpark Car Park
Walk Duration: 5 hours
Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars
Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch(手电筒)along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.
Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30
Start Point: The Town Hall
Walk Duration: 3 hours
Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest
This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path.
Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45
Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area
Walk Duration: 1.5 hours
( )21.Which walk takes the shortest time
A.The Natural World. B.Introduction to Hillwalking.
C.Moonlight Under the Stars. D.Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest.
( )22.What are participants in Walk 3 required to do
Wear proper clothes. B.Join a walking club.
C.Get special permits. D.Bring a survival guide.
( )23.What do the four walks have in common
A.They involve difficult climbing. B.They are for experienced walkers.
C.They share the same start point. D.They are scheduled for the weekend.
[2022·新高考全国II卷] D
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a programme of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training programme, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
( )32.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A.The right way of exercising. B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit. D.The aging process of the heart.
( )33.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A.Diet plan. B.Professional background. C.Exercise type. D.Previous physical condition.
( )34.What does Levine’s research find
Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
( )35.What does Dr Nieca Goldberg suggest
A.Making use of the findings. B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research. D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
[2021·全国乙卷] A
The biggest stadiums in the world
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 8 AD, the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量)slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, US. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, US. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, US. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7, 1922.
Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, US. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24,1927.
( )21.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold
A.104,944. B.107,601. C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
( )22.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest
A.Michigan Stadium. B.Beaver Stadium. C.Ohio Stadium. D.Kyle Field.
( )23.What do the listed stadiums have in common
A.They host big games. B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans. D.They are favoured by architects.
II七选五
[2018·全国卷II]
If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 36 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.
Your productivity is improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 37
Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 38 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
39 Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited.
40 If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food You will want to continue to focus on positive choices.
There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all day long.
A.You will stick to your diet.
B.Your quality of sleep improves.
C.You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E.You can keep your head clear for 4~10 hours after exercise.
F.After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you’re doing it now, then listen up!
III 完形填空
[2023·全国乙卷]
阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41 best. She had to 42 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 43 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 44 waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap(飞跃),however 46 it would be. Even at 14,Douglas knew that. So she 47 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 49 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 50 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 51 two Russians. The Chinese coach 52 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 53 , helping her skyrocket from an 54 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 55 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She 56 the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 57 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi,the coordinator (联络人) of the women's national team, did not think Douglas had what it 58 to be an Olympian. As time went by,she thought 59 that she could make the London Games—and win.
“I'm going to inspire so many people,” she said. “I'm ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
( )41.A.tried B.thought C.judged D.knew
( )42.A.take up B.pack up C.clean up D.do up
( )43.A.goodbye B.hello C.thanks D.no
( )44.A.cause B.observe C.ride D.strike
( )45.A.common B.time C.fun D.tough
( )46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
( )47.A.dropped out B.moved on C.pulled over D.went off
( )48.A.reason B.talk C.compete D.train
( )49.A.met B.helped C.understood D.needed
( )50.A.approximately B.gradually C.exactly D.possibly
( )51.A.defeated B.pleased C.respected D.assisted
( )52.A.forced B.transformed C.persuaded D.put
( )53.A.world B.city C.team D.state
( )54.A.amateur B.elected C.average D.enthusiastic
( )55.A.clarifying B.defending C.winning D.demanding
( )56.A.followed B.organized C.watched D.led
( )57.A.confident B.nervous C.excited D.uneasy
( )58.A.viewed B.appeared C.mattered D.took
( )59.A.now and then B.more and more C.far and wide D.on and on
( )60.A.shine B.fly C.dance D.score
IV语篇填空
[2018·全国卷I]
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61. (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62. (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63. (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64. (be) more effective at lengthening life 65. walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise…it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68. (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 69. (energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70. a try.
V应用文写作
[2024·浙江1月考]
请你写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目投稿,向同学们推荐一项适合课间开展的运动,内容包括:
1. 介绍这项运动;
2. 说明推荐理由。
注意:写作词数应为 80 个左右。
【思路点拨】 本篇应用文要求考生写一篇短文向校英文报“Sports and Health”栏目_______,向同学们_______一项适合课间开展的_______,属于应用文写作中的_______短文。
写作时应注意:
要点要齐全:(1) _______这项运动;
(2) 说明推荐_______。
2.注意:(1)时态: 表达观点用____________时;
(2)详略需得当;理由具体且有_________;注意推荐性语言。
3.恰当使用一些_______,使文章自然、流畅。
4.适当使用一些高级__________和_______以提高作文的档次。
Go playing badminton, everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all the time How about adding some_______________ （身体锻炼）during our short breaks One____________（极好的）choice is_________________（打羽毛球）. The sport is_______________（推荐）for several reasons.
Firstly, playing badminton can__________________________________（加强心肺功能）, which offers numerous benefits to our physical and mental___________（健康）. What also benefits us is that not only can it__________________（减轻压力）, but it can also__________________（改善情绪）, allowing us to return to class feeling more_________（精力充沛）and focused. Most importantly, requiring nothing but a bat, badminton is an easy sport and can be_________________（展开）easily.
Let's not hesitate to___________（开始）playing badminton, which will be a small change that can _________________________________（对...有巨大的影响）our health.
VI读后续写
[2024·浙江1月考]
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Eva spent the first week of high school trying to keep her head above water. One of the major headaches for her was finding her way in the huge school building. It was a six-story building. On each floor, hallways stretched in four directions, leading to classrooms, laboratories, and teachers' offices. Somewhere in the building, there was also a library, a cafeteria, and a gym.
Having a poor sense of direction, Eva found it impossible to get around in such a huge building. All the different hallways and rooms were too much to think about, let alone commit to memory. She decided that she would memorize where her classes were and then pretend that the rest of the place didn't exist.
In her first PE class, Eva was shocked when Coach Pitt announced that everyone had to run one mile around the track outside. She searched the faces of her classmates for signs of panic. There was nothing she feared more than having to run a whole mile. To Eva, “a mile” was used to describe long distances. It was ten miles from her home to her grandfather's, and that always seemed like a long way, even in a car!
When Coach Pitt blew his whistle (哨子), Eva figured she would be left in the dust. However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. “It's just the beginning,” she thought. “I'll come in last for sure.”
Soon Eva began to breathe hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. Feeling desperate, Eva started using a mind trick on herself. She stopped thinking about the word “mile”. Instead, she focused on reaching the shadow cast on the track by an oak tree up ahead. Then she concentrated on jogging to the spot where the track curved (拐弯). After that, she tried to see if she could complete her first lap. One lap turned into two, then three, then four.
注意:续写词数应为150个左右。
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised._________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building.____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
【文章大意】 本文以人物为线索展开,讲述了高中生Eva因为_________________,进入新的学校以后难以适应结构复杂的_____________,最后受到了体育课“_____________”意外成功的启发,解决了自身困扰。
【详解】
1.段落续写:
①由第一段首句内容“当Pitt教练在终点线对她说‘干得好!’时,Eva很惊讶。”可知,第一段可描写Eva 受到表扬后的__________及_________。
②由第二段首句内容“Eva决定用同样的诀窍来应对学校大楼。”可知,第二段可描写Eva运用在“一英里跑”时使用的_________来应对学校大楼以及对这件事的______。
2.续写线索:受到教练表扬后的_____________—运用诀窍解决_____________—从中得到的____________
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised._________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building.____________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
B1Unit 3 高考真题链接答案详解
I 阅读理解
[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷]A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。
21.D 细节理解题。比较文章所给出的四种方案中的Walk Duration部分可知,Walk 4—Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest的步行时间是1.5小时,用时最短。故选D。
22.A 细节理解题。根据文章Walk 3—Moonlight Under the Stars部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.”可知,第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A。
23.D 细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的Date and Time部分可知,这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D。
[2022·新高考全国II卷] D
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
32.D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“‘Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,’ says Dr Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始,它是灵活的,但把它放在抽屉里20年,它就会变得干燥,很容易破损,”得克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知,莱文想通过橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程,故选D。
33.C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“The first group participated in a programme of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知,两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同,故选C。
34.A 细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后,第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的“‘We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts,’ says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回到30岁或35岁的心脏。”)”可知,莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动,中年人的心脏会变得更年轻,故选A。
35.C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小,需要在更大的人群中重复进行,以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知,妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
[2021·全国乙卷] A
【文章大意】 本文是一篇应用文,主要介绍了世界上最大的几个体育馆。
21.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.”可知,Circus Maximus 可以容纳大约 250 000人。故选D。
22.C 细节理解题。根据文中对四个体育馆开放时间的介绍可知,Ohio Stadium于1922年开放,是四个体育馆中最早的。故选C。
23.A 细节理解题。根据第四段“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.”可知,这些体育馆的共同点是它们仍在举行大型的体育赛事。故选A。
II 七选五
[2018·全国卷II]
【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。早晨锻炼有很多好处,比如可以提高一个人的效率,消耗更多的热量以及提高一个人的睡眠质量等。
36.G 空格前面提到由于生活忙碌,很难找到时间来锻炼。且G中的listen up与下句“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”呼应。
37.E 根据本段的第一句话“Your productivity is improved.”可知,早晨锻炼后,你的工作效率会得到提高。E中的keep your head clear(保持头脑清醒)与前面的awake呼应。
38.F 结合下文的getting the calorie(卡路里)burning benefits for the whole day可知,这与F项中的“…you continue to burn calories throughout the day.”(你全天会继续消耗卡路里)意义一致。
39.B 分析空格后面的“Studies found that people who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.”可知,该句与B项“Your quality of sleep improves.”(你的睡眠质量得到提高)呼应。
40.A 结合空格后面的stick to healthy food choices和eating junk food可知,这一段的关键词是饮食,这与A项中的your diet呼应。
III 完形填空
[2023·全国乙卷]
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了美国体操运动员Gabby Douglas在华人教练的培训下,经过不懈的努力终于获得奥运会个人全能冠军。
41.D 根据空后句“She had to…her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say…to her two dogs and to the beach…”可知,为了成为奥运会个人全能冠军,Gabby Douglas不得不离开她所熟悉的一切。try尝试; think想,认为; judge判断; know熟悉,了解。故选D项。
42.B 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要把卧室的东西打包。take up占据; pack up把……打包; clean up 清理,打扫; do up修缮。故选B项。
43.A 根据空前句“…Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she…best.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开,因此需要对她的狗和海滩说再见。say goodbye to意为“对……说再见”。故选A项。
44.C 根据空前the beach和空后waves on her board可知,Gabby Douglas喜欢用冲浪板在海上冲浪。ride waves意为“冲浪”。cause导致; observe观察; ride骑,乘; strike撞击,侵袭。故选C项。
45.B 根据空前but可知,虽然要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,但是时候迈出这一步了。common常见的; time时间; fun有趣的; tough艰难的。故选B项。
46.B 根据前文可知,Gabby Douglas要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,这是很让人心碎的。breathtaking惊人的;heartbreaking令人心碎的;eye-catching引人注目的;head-spinning令人头晕目眩的。故选B项。
47.D 根据空后“…about 1,200 miles away from home, to…with a coach from China.”可知,Gabby Douglas要离开家,去往大约1200英里外的地方。drop out退出,退学; move on继续前进; pull over靠边停车; go off(人)离开,(闹钟、炸弹等)响起,(灯)熄灭,(食物)变质。故选D项。
48.D 根据空后a coach from China可知,Gabby Douglas要和一位来自中国的教练训练。reason推理; talk谈话; compete参加比赛,竞争; train训练。故选D项。
49.A 根据空后“…everything was new to her.”可知,她要和一个她从来没有见过的家庭生活。meet遇见; help帮助; understand理解; need需要。故选A项。
50.C 根据语境可知,训练结果是,Gabby Douglas丝毫不差地做到了成为一名奥运冠军所要做到的一切。approximately大概,大约; gradually 逐渐地; exactly确切地,准确地; possibly可能地。故选C项。
51.A 根据空后one of the best gymnasts及the top of the sport可知,在教练的帮助下,Douglas成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,成为这项运动的顶尖选手。因此可推断出,她打败了两名俄罗斯人。defeat打败; please取悦; respect尊重; assist协助。故选A项。
52.B 根据空后into one of the best gymnasts和“…helping her skyrocket from an…member of the national team to the top of the sport.”可知,这位中国教练将Douglas转变为世界上最好的体操运动员之一,帮助她从国家队的一名普通队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。transform…into…意为“将……转变成……”。force迫使; transform转变; persuade劝说; put放置。故选B项。
53.A 根据前文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人)all-around event…”可知,Douglas想成为奥运会个人全能冠军,因此需要成为世界上最好的体操运动员之一。world世界; city城市; team队; state州。故选A项。
54.C 根据空前“…helping her skyrocket from…”和空后to the top of the sport可知,教练帮助Douglas从国家队的一名普通队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。 amateur业余的; elected被选中的; average普通的,一般的; enthusiastic热情的。故选C项。
55.C 根据前文“To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人)all-around event…”和空后the Olympic all-around title可知,她赢得奥运会全能冠军时,成为第一位获得全能冠军的黑人女性。后文中“…that she would win.”也是提示。clarify澄清; defend辩护; win赢得; demand要求。故选C项。
56.D 根据空后“She said she had felt…all along that she would win.”可知,她自始至终都在比赛中处于领先地位。follow跟随; organize组织; watch观看; lead处于领先地位。故选D项。
57.A 根据空后“…all along that she would win.”可知,她说她一直对自己会赢充满信心。confident自信的; nervous紧张的; excited兴奋的; uneasy不安的。故选A项。
58.D 根据空前did not think和空后“As time went by, she thought…that she could make the London Games—and win.”可知,不久前,女子国家队协调员Martha Karolyi认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手需要的条件。view观看; appear出现; matter重要; take需要。故选D项。
59.B 根据空前“As time went by…”和空后“…she could make the London Games—and win.”可知,随着时间的推移,Martha Karolyi越来越认为Douglas能参加伦敦奥运会并获胜。now and then不时; more and more越来越; far and wide广泛地; on and on不停地。故选B项。
60.A 根据空后“And shine she did.”可知,Douglas说“我已经准备好发光了。”,即在伦敦奥运会上闪耀登场,惊艳世界。shine发光,出色; fly飞翔; dance跳舞; score得分。故选A项。
IV 语法填空
[2018·全国卷I]
【要点综述】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
61.longer 考查副词的比较级。一份医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级,故填longer。
62.to see 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语,故填to see。
63.dying 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然可以通过跑步降低你早死的风险。此处of是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.is 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时。故填is。
65.than 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
66.that或which 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that或which。
67.causes 考查名词复数。一项研究表明,每天仅仅5~10分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因导致的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen 考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号,其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic 考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力。根据it’s可知,此处用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
70.it或running 考查代词或动名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。give it a try意为“尝试”。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
V应用文写作
Go playing badminton, everybody!
Everybody! Are you tired of sitting in class all the time How about adding some physical activities during our short breaks One wonderful choice is playing badminton. The sport is recommended for several reasons.
Firstly, playing badminton can strengthen our hearts and lungs, which offers numerous benefits to our physical and mental fitness. What also benefits us is that not only can it relieve stress, but it can also improve our moods, allowing us to return to class feeling more energetic and focused. Most importantly, requiring nothing but a bat, badminton is an easy sport and can be carried out easily.
Let's not hesitate to take up playing badminton, which will be a small change that can make a big difference to our health.
VI读后续写
参考范文:
When Coach Pitt said “Nice work!” to her at the finish line, Eva was surprised. She couldn't believe that she not only completed the mile run but also went beyond her own expectations. A wave of pride and achievement washed over her as she looked back at the lap. For a moment, Eva couldn’t do nothing but stood still, with her heart pounding wildly. Maybe running wasn't as tough as she had once thought. Instead, it was a valuable lesson that sometimes, pushing through our fears and using mind trick can help us achieve more than we ever imagined. From then on, Eva began to change.
Eva decided to use the same trick to deal with the school building. Instead of feeling confused by its huge size and different hallways, she would break it down into smaller parts. Just like focusing on reaching the shadow cast on the track or the spot where the track curved, Eva would memorize specific landmarks in the building to guide her way.. With each successful direction, Eva's confidence grew, and she became more comfortable exploring the different floors and rooms of the school. Looking back, Eva realized it was the experience of a mile running that made her understand the importance of determination and mind trick.