Unit 5 Languages Around the World Discovering Useful Structures语法课 课件(共33张PPT) 高一英语 人教版（2019） 必修第一册

(共33张PPT)
Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures
The usage of when, where, why in attributive clauses;
The usage of prep.+ which/whom in attributive clauses;
The difference between relative pronouns and relative adverbs;
Goals
1
2
3
Time taken and activities adopted :
Step 1: Doing, P3-4, T and Ss, 3m
Step 2: Confuse, P5-7, in pairs, 8m
Step 3: Recommend, P8-11, in sixes, 5m
Step 4: Make, P12-13, T and Ss, 5m
Step 5: So that, P14-15, in sixes, 10m
Step 6: Community, P16, in threes, 5m
Step 7: It, P17, individuals, 4m
（一）定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰______或______的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫________，引导定语从句的词叫________。关系词分为关系_____和关系_____两类
名词
代词
先行词
关系词
代词
副词
关系词：引导定语从句的词。它
有三个作用
先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
在全句中作
定语的从句
定
语
从
句
概念
引导定语从句
代表先行词
在从句中作句子成分
知识网络
That man is crying in the car.
句2：
I know the man.
句1：
两个句子
找出相同词，确定主从句

I know the man the man is crying in the car.

The man is crying in the car.
句2：
I know the man.
句1：
先行词
用词代替
I know the man who is crying in the car.

关系代词：
1、代指 the man
2、指示主句与从句的关系，从句低
一级
先行词
关系代词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语
which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语
who 指人 在从句中作主语或宾语
whom 在从句中作宾语
whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语
as 指物 在从句中作主语
引导定语从句的关系词
关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语
where 指地点 在从句中作地点状语
why 指原因 在从句中作原因状语
关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物, 在从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时, 相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(1) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.
(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在从句中做定语。
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
特殊用法
(1)只用which不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(对)The tree, which is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后只用which不用that 。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
关系副词引导定语从句
关系副词 在句中作状语。
when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语。
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
：
1.与先行词构成搭配,如:
This is the pen__________ he wrote the letter.
I’ll never forget the day __________ I joined the party.
2.据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定，如：
The man __________ my mother is talking is my teacher.
This is the girl ___________ l learned the news.
The man ___________ I make friends is handsome.
3.根据句意确定， 如：
My glasses _____________ I can see nothing are missing.
This is the house_______________there is a river.(房子前)
with which
on which
with whom
from whom
with whom
without which
介词+关系代词引导定语从句时 介词的选用原则
in front of which
关系词的种类
1、关系代词
who, whom, that, which, whose.
指人： who, whom, that, whose
指物： which, that, whose
（在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语。）
2、关系副词（在从句中充当状语。）
when(时间), where(地点), why(原因)
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配
如何选择合适的关系词
1、找到从句并判断从句类型。
2、找到先行词。
3、看先行词在从句中所充当的成分。
The little girl is having an apple which is
big and red.
2. Danny was the man who we rescued
from the ruins.
3. He is no longer the man that he used to be.
关系代词引导的定语从句
apple
man
man
主语
宾语
表语
I can’t forget the year when I studied English in Peking University.
China is the only country where wild pandas can be found.
The reason why he didn’t come to the party is that he didn’t want to see Jane.
关系副词引导的定语从句
year
country
reason
时间状语
地点状语
原因状语
二、夯实基础
1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her
daughter.
2. The girl __________our teacher is talking with is a famous
singer.
3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English
very well.
4. I can’t find the book __________is borrowed from the
library.
5. I can’t find the book ______________you lent to me.
6. This is the bag __________ my mother bought yesterday.
who/ that
whom/ that/ who/ 省略
whose
which/ that
which/ that/ 省略
which/ that/ 省略
7. The man __________ lives next to us is my English teacher.
8. The only language _____ is easy to learn is the mother
tongue.
9. The girl handed everything _____ she had picked up in the
street to the police.
10. This is the best book _____ I have been looking for all
this year.
11. Those _____ made no mistakes in today’s exercises
please raise your hands.
12. Don’t go in, this is the shop _____ we have just been
_____.
13. October 1,1949 is the day __________ we’ll never forget.
who/ that
that
that
that
who
which/ that
to
which/ that
14. The days are gone _______ physical strength was all you
needed to make a living.
15. The USA is a country ______ many different dialects are
spoken.
16. The reason __________ he explained at the meeting
sounds reasonable.
17. It’s helpful to put children in a situation _____ they
can see themselves differently.
18. I saw a house, the windows of ______ were broken.
19. She has two sons, both of _____ graduated from
Harvard University.
when
where
which/ that
where
which
whom
20. — Do you have anything to say for yourself
— Yes. There is one point _________ I must insist on.
21. — What do you think of teaching, Bob
— It is a job ____________ you are doing something
serious but interesting.
22. It was in the village ______ he once lived that he got
his junior education.
23. We have entered into an age _____ dreams have the
best chance of coming true.
which/ that
where
where
when
24. Finally, teachers can choose to assign students group
projects, _______ they will team up with each other,
discuss the problems together and make learning more
fun.
25.In places such as Hong Kong…the English phrase often
replaces the Chinese characters, and this is the reason
_____ the phrase has been added to the dictionary.
where
why
语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. 全国新高考Ⅱ卷) I decided that if I learned of a company ___________ used a lot of plastic, I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
that/which
真题回顾
引导定语从句，从句中缺主语，先行词为company，故填that或which。
3. (全国Ⅲ卷) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.
4. (新高考全国Ⅰ卷) The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ____________ opened in 1759.
whose
指这位画家的画作，先行词为artist，引导定语从句并在从句中作定语，故填whose。
which/that
先行词为the British Museum，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that。
5. (新高考全国Ⅱ卷) The Digital World is a set of
volumes ___________ aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature
of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
that/which
先行词为volumes，在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词
that或which。
6. (全国Ⅰ卷) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5
pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _______ she opened with her late husband Les.
7. (全国Ⅲ卷) They were well trained by their masters ________ had great experience with caring for these animals.
which
引导非限制性定语从句, 在从句中作opened的宾语，先行词为
the pet shop，故用which。
that/who
引导定语从句, 从句中缺主语, 先行词为masters，故填that/who。
用恰当的关系代词，关系副词完成句子。
1. When I turned around, I saw a red car like my own
come out of the street ______ I had parked.
2. They rushed over to help the man _____ car had broken down.
3. So long as you stick to it, the moment will come _____ you can have your dream come true.
4. The man, from ______ I learned the news, is an
engineer.
5. We don’t want anyone ____ can’t afford the tuition fee to drop out of school.
6. I will never forget such a beautiful village _________ I spent my childhood with my grandparents.
where
whose
when
whom
who
where
用恰当的关系代词，关系副词完成句子。
7. As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time _______he should be able to be independent.
8. The exact year __________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
9. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live.
10. I began to work in Beijing in the year _____ New China was founded.
11. This is the reason ____ he cried.
when
which/that
where
when
why
[即学即练1]
(1)用适当的关系词填空
①This is the place ____________ we held a party last week.
②Do you remember the days ____________ we spent together on the farm
③I don’t know the reason ________ he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
④I won’t listen to the reason ____________ you have given us.
⑤This is the place ____________ we visited last year.
⑥Do you remember the days ____________ we chatted with each other all night
where
that/which
why
that/which
that/which
when
用that, which, when, where, why 填空。
① I will never forget the days ________ we spent together.
② I will never forget the days _____ we stayed together.
③ The reason __________ he explained at the meeting was unbelievable.
④ The reason ______ he was late was that he missed his train.
⑤ Keep the key in a place ______ you can find it easily.
⑥ This is the house _________ was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
which/that
when
that/which
why
where
which/that